1351781, 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種燃料電池，尤指一種 交換燃料電池。 电、又貝子 【先前技術】 :統的質子交換膜燃料電池（娜c )之基本元件構 雙極板、氣體擴散層、觸媒層、電解質層。而 的原理為氫氣由陽極端雙極板之腔室擴散至陽極氣 體&政層再到陽極觸媒層，藉由陽極觸媒層的白金觸媒， 解離成帶正電的氫離子與電子。而氧氣亦經由陰極端之雔 極板和陰極觸媒層的觸媒白金接觸，還原成帶負電的氧ς 子。帶正電的氫離子受到帶負電氧離子之靜電力影響，氫 離子經由質子交換膜的傳導被吸引到陰極端和氧離子化人 成水。而氫原子中帶負電的電子因無法穿透質子交換膜: 只能經陽極端的外部迴路傳至陰極產生直流電流。 由於微型幫浦是驅動腔室内流體的關鍵元件，在近年 2發展出各式各樣的形式’當然，也各有其優缺點。例 如溥膜式泵若依閥來分類，可分為有閥與無閥，其中益閥 =艇泵㈤ve-less rectlilcatlon Pumps)是利用流體流 ^漸擴裳置（Ch f fUSer)與漸縮裝置（随le)來產生前後的 =力不同’以達到驅動液體的效果。因此漸擴與漸縮管取 本的被動間門，避免了零件的損壞，而且無閥式微 W浦不僅可以驅動各種流體的優點，同時更有體積小、 構造間單、低成本以及高耐用性等的優勢。另外，因為σ 1351781 單純運用幾何形狀以縮 度。 1所以增加了許多設計難 裝置所狀成的愿力 ===端_與_ 因此有二二一:T流量不復存在而失去功用。 俨室中以烊c va ve Pumps)即考慮將閥體加入 腔至中Μ增加果的效率，幫助幫浦 入 Π流所造成的損失。然而加入閥體的額=二 因而產生，其中和衽哕馮摆令送 只又口t考里就 本、擇心樣的閥體、閥體本身的成 二間，度以及由於厂堅電片變形體積很小： 能跟得上振動的響應，是否有： ’、 方向，瓜罝的功能，則需要深入研究。 術如專财請號第94143981號之設計雖然提及 燃料電池之外，且該專外但仍是外接於 外m 〇 号仙馮將工軋幫浦外加於燃料電池 /成系統體積與重量增加，此方法是不利於攜帶 系統複雜增加系統不穩定機率增加。 ； 【發明内容】 因此’本發明之主要目的，在於解決傳統缺失，本發 月k供-種壓電式空氣幫浦設燃料電池的腔室上，且利 差電效應使腔室内的體積隨時間變化，使得腔室内之氣體 充分混合，再加上幫浦之特性可直接將燃料電 水排出陰極集電板的腔室外。所以，本發明利用之壓電式 ⑴ 1781. * · 空氣幫浦由簡單的壓電薄膜設計而成，故不需在燃料電池 中外加額外的空氣幫浦’所以體積與重量會減輕許多。而 且三流入陽極集電板之氫氣可以固定流量輸入，而不需外 •加氫軋幫浦，若需增加功率輸出時，只增加氫氣流量即 可。 為達上述之目的，本發明之可變流道之壓電式質子交 ，膜燃料電池’包括：—陽極集電板、—陰極集電板、— •貝子父換膜及一壓電薄膜。其中，該陽極集電板具有一本 體，忒本體内具有一腔室，該本體的一側上設有一與該腔 室相通之第一入口，另一側設有一與該腔室相通之第一出 口。該陰極集電板具有一本體，該本體内具有一腔室，該 本體一側設有一與該腔室相通之第二入口，另一側設有」 與該腔室相通之第二出口，該第二入口及第二出口上各至 配置有一進氣閥及排放閥，另於該本體表面上開設有一開 B該開口與該腔室相通。該質子交換膜，係以配置在該 修陽極集電板的腔室及陰極集電板的腔室間，該質子交換膜 包括有-陽極氣體擴散層，一配置於該陽極擴散層一側面 上之陽極觸媒層，一配置在陽極觸媒層一側面上之電解質 層，一配置於該電解質層一側面上之陰極觸媒層，一配置 於陰極觸媒層一侧面上之陰極氣體擴散層組《。該壓電薄 膜係以配置於該陰極集電板的本體之開口上。 【實施方式】 兹有關本發明之技術内容及詳細言兒明，王見配合圖式說 明如下： 1351781. 請參閱第一、二圖，係本發明之壓電式燃料電池及第 一圖的局部放大示意圖。如圖所示：本發明之可變流道之 壓電式質子交換膜燃料電池10，包括：一陽極集電板 (Anode C〇llector)l、一陰極集電板（Cath〇de C0llect0r)2、 一膜電極組（Membrane Electrode Assembly，MEA)3 及一壓電 • 薄膜（PZT)4。其申，1351781, IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to an exchange fuel cell. Electric, and Beibei [Prior Art]: The basic components of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (Na) are bipolar plates, gas diffusion layers, catalyst layers, and electrolyte layers. The principle is that hydrogen diffuses from the chamber of the anode-side bipolar plate to the anode gas & the political layer to the anode catalyst layer, and is dissociated into positively charged hydrogen ions and electrons by the platinum catalyst of the anode catalyst layer. . Oxygen is also reduced to a negatively charged oxygen enthalpy by contact between the cathode plate of the cathode end and the catalyst platinum of the cathode catalyst layer. The positively charged hydrogen ions are affected by the electrostatic force of the negatively charged oxygen ions, and the hydrogen ions are attracted to the cathode end and oxygen ionized human water through the conduction of the proton exchange membrane. The negatively charged electrons in the hydrogen atom cannot penetrate the proton exchange membrane: they can only pass through the external loop of the anode terminal to the cathode to generate DC current. Since the miniature pump is a key component for driving fluid in the chamber, it has developed various forms in recent years. Of course, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, diaphragm pumps can be classified into valves and valves without valve, and the valve (=5) ve-less rectlilcatlon Pumps is a fluid flow (Ch f fUSer) and a taper. (With le) to produce the difference between before and after = force to achieve the effect of driving the liquid. Therefore, the passive door of the divergent and tapered tubes avoids the damage of the parts, and the valveless micro-W pump can not only drive the advantages of various fluids, but also has the advantages of small size, simple structure, low cost and high durability. The advantages of etc. In addition, because σ 1351781 simply uses geometry to reduce it. 1 So the number of design difficulties is increased. The willingness of the device ===end_and__ Therefore there are two two ones: T flow no longer exists and loses its function. In the diverticulum, 烊c va ve Pumps) consider adding the valve body to the chamber to the middle to increase the efficiency of the fruit and help the pump to cause damage caused by turbulence. However, the amount of the valve body is added to the second, so that it is produced, and the 衽哕 摆 摆 令 只 只 只 考 考 考 考 考 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 The deformation volume is small: the response that can keep up with the vibration, whether there is: ', direction, melon function, you need to study in depth. For example, the design of the special financial number No. 94143981 refers to the fuel cell, and the special is still externally connected to the external m 仙 仙 仙 将 将 将 将 将 将 外 外 外 外 外 外 外 外 外 外 外 外 外 外This method is not conducive to carrying system complexity and increasing the probability of system instability. [SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION] Therefore, the main purpose of the present invention is to solve the conventional deficiency, and the piezoelectric air pump is provided on the chamber of the fuel cell, and the differential electric effect causes the volume in the chamber to follow The time changes, the gas in the chamber is fully mixed, and the characteristics of the pump can directly discharge the fuel electric water out of the cavity of the cathode collector plate. Therefore, the piezoelectric type used in the present invention (1) 1781. * · The air pump is designed from a simple piezoelectric film, so that it is not necessary to add an extra air pump to the fuel cell, so the volume and weight are much reduced. Moreover, the hydrogen flowing into the anode collector plate can be fixed to the flow input without the need for an external hydro-rolling pump. If the power output needs to be increased, only the hydrogen flow rate can be increased. For the above purposes, the piezoelectric proton exchange membrane fuel cell of the variable flow path of the present invention includes: an anode current collector plate, a cathode current collector plate, a • a sub-family replacement film, and a piezoelectric film. Wherein, the anode current collector plate has a body, the chamber body has a chamber, one side of the body is provided with a first inlet communicating with the chamber, and the other side is provided with a first passage communicating with the chamber Export. The cathode current collecting plate has a body, the body has a chamber, a side of the body is provided with a second inlet communicating with the chamber, and the other side is provided with a second outlet communicating with the chamber. An intake valve and a discharge valve are disposed on each of the second inlet and the second outlet, and an opening B is opened on the surface of the body to communicate with the chamber. The proton exchange membrane is disposed between the chamber of the anode current collector plate and the chamber of the cathode current collector plate, and the proton exchange membrane includes an anode-gas diffusion layer disposed on one side of the anode diffusion layer. An anode catalyst layer, an electrolyte layer disposed on one side of the anode catalyst layer, a cathode catalyst layer disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer disposed on one side of the cathode catalyst layer group". The piezoelectric film is disposed on an opening of the body of the cathode current collector plate. [Embodiment] With regard to the technical content and detailed description of the present invention, Wang sees the following description with reference to the following figure: 1351781. Please refer to the first and second figures, which are the piezoelectric fuel cell of the present invention and a part of the first figure. Zoom in on the schematic. As shown in the figure, the piezoelectric proton exchange membrane fuel cell 10 of the variable flow channel of the present invention comprises: an anode collector plate (Anode C〇llector) l and a cathode collector plate (Cath〇de C0llect0r) 2 , Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) 3 and a Piezoelectric Film (PZT) 4. Its application,
該陽極集電板1，係具有一四方之本體1丨，該本體U 鲁内具有一腔室12，該本體11的一側上設有一與該腔室丨2相 通之第一入口 13，另一側設有一與該腔室12相通之第一出 口 14。 該陰極集電板2，係具有一四方之本體21，該本體21 内具，一腔室22，該本體21的一側上設有一與該腔室22相 通之第二入口 23，另一側設有一與該腔室22相通之第二出 口 24，該第二入口 23及第二出口以上各至配置有一進氣閥 25及排放閥26。另，該第二入口幻的進氣閥邡在外部控制 籲電路的控制下，以供空氣（Air)輸人，而該第二出口 _ 排放闕26在外部控制電路的控制下，以排放反應後的氣 體。又，於該本體21表面上開設有一圓形開口 27，該開口 27與該腔室22相通。 «•亥膜電極組3，係以配置在該陽極集電板〗的腔室n „板2的腔室21間，該膜電極組3由下往上依序 V又有陽極氣體擴散層31，一配置於該陽極擴散層31 —側 面上：陽極觸媒層32 ,—配置在陽極觸媒層犯一側面上之 質子交換膜33，一配置於該質子交換膜33-侧面上之陰極 觸媒層34， 散層35組成 配置於陰極觸媒層34-侧面上之陰極氣體擴 。玄C電；！膜4 ’係以g己置於該陰極集電板2的本體^ 之開口 27上。在該壓電薄膜4通電後，於該陰極集電板2 上產生振動’形成-壓縮泵浦狀態，以控制陰極集電板2 内。P腔至21的壓力’進而由第二入口 23吸入外部空氣於腔 • 呀參閱第二、四、五圖，係本發明之壓電式燃料電池 與外部控制電路電性連結及内部流動反應動作示意圖。如 圖所示：本發明之壓電式燃料電池1〇與外部控制電路5電 性連結時，將陽極集電板1的於該第一入口 13對外部連接 有一進氣閥15,而第一出口丨4對外連接有一置有一排放閥 16。該進氣閥15在外部控制電路5的控制電路板51電性連 結’該排放閥16也與控制電路板51電性連結。 該陰極集電板2的進氣閥25及排放閥26與控制電路板 φ 51電性連結，以及該麗電薄膜4與該控制電路板μ電性連 結。另’該壓電式燃料電池1〇内部之膜電極組3的陽極觸 媒層32及陰極觸媒層34與該直流-直流轉換器52及控制電 路板51電性連結。又，該啟動電池53與該直流-直流轉換 器52電性連結。 當作動時，該控制電路板51驅動該進氣閥25打開，同 時使壓電薄膜4產生上、下壓縮振動，在壓電薄膜4外鼓 起（膨脹），導致陰極集電板2内部腔室22的壓力下降， 外部的空氣會經第二入口 23流入於該陰極集電板2的腔室 1351781. 22内部，此時控制電路板51控制該進氣閥a打開，使外部 連結的氫氣瓶54的氫氣由第一入口 13進入於該陽極集電板 1的腔室12内部與該質子交換膜3進行電化學反應。 在吸入於5玄陰極集電板2内部腔室22的空氣充足後， 5亥控制電路板51會驅動壓電薄膜4，使該壓電薄膜4產生 壓縮陰極集電板2内部腔室22，造成腔室22内部壓力上 升，此時控制電路板51驅動進氣閥25關閉，使在陰極集電 鲁板2的腔室22與膜電極組3化學反應後的水及氣體由第二 出口 24排出。 當需要加電力輸出時，該控制電路板51會增強壓電薄 臈4的振動頻率與進氣閥25以吸入更多的空氣與氫氣進行 化學反應。 經本發明人實驗中可知燃料在不同時間點的分布情 f，陰極集電板的氧氣單位時間供應量1由壓電片的頻率 高低來決定’固定頻率為低頻率時，大部分的電流損失是 ♦由於氧氣濃度不足造成濃度極化損失，因此將壓電片之頻 率調至高頻，即可在單位時間内吸入充足的空氣至陰極流 道。如此，不僅可使電流之產生較為穩定並且可以克服濃 度極化所造成之損失以及低頻時所造成之電流隨時間波動 的’陰开4。 士電流與化學當量比之結果，在壓電片之做動為低頻与 代表U之含量相對小於關之含量，即稱為燃步 ί足（fUelriCh)，其導致燃料消耗與電量產生率皆偏低。 右在壓電片之做動為高頻率時，陰極端會吸人充足之空氣 AΟΙ. ==(iuellean)之條件，其 以及電置產生率提高。故在本案 使用率 …本案之壓電式質子交換膜燃料電池之水管理 弟六圖，在塵電片做動為低頻時 ：參聞 間而波動，並且造成耗氧量下⑯致排出水量隨時 :電=氣量充足，造成大量的水分產生並上 有二Γ:出陰極端，使得陰極端之水濃度不至於 有過多的水分淤積。 ％ 氧氣濃度分佈請參閱第七圖，在 =，，，如此將造成氧氣=== 片做動頻率調整至高頻，則會吸人較多之氧氣，其二1 耗率亦會下降至47% _29%， 旦Θ ;; 洛夕、*如α Ρ代表軋軋罝充足並可使得氫 ^耗率&昇並擁有較佳之發電效能。 氫氣消耗分佈，當屢電片做動之頻率為低頻時，盆陽 極端t氣=肖耗會隨著陰極端空氣之進氣量而改變，故在 :氫氣的/肖耗會隨著時間有大幅的波動，並造成氫 氣耗率降低。但在壓電片做動之頻率為高頻時，氫氣 的消耗就保持穩定並有助於電力產量穩定輸出。 曰本毛月對於微型燃料電池系統可縮小體積及減少重 里可增广口空札流率、化學反應速率與避免液態水之累 積又因壓電片之耗電量小故可增加整體燃料電池之 效率。 1351781. 【圖式簡單說明】 第，圖，係本發明之整電式燃料 係第-圖的局部放大示意圖… =意:本發明之壓電式燃料電池與外部控制電路電性 ί圖圖係、本發明之屢電式燃料電池内部流動反應動作示The anode current collecting plate 1 has a square body 1 , and the body U has a chamber 12 on one side thereof, and a first inlet 13 communicating with the chamber 2 is disposed on one side of the body 11 . The other side is provided with a first outlet 14 that communicates with the chamber 12. The cathode current collecting plate 2 has a square body 21, and the body 21 has a chamber 22, and a side of the body 21 is provided with a second inlet 23 communicating with the chamber 22, and the other A second outlet 24 communicating with the chamber 22 is disposed on the side, and an intake valve 25 and a discharge valve 26 are disposed above the second inlet 23 and the second outlet. In addition, the second inlet imaginary intake valve 邡 is controlled by an external control circuit for air (Air) input, and the second outlet _ discharge 阙 26 is controlled by an external control circuit to discharge the reaction After the gas. Further, a circular opening 27 is defined in the surface of the body 21, and the opening 27 communicates with the chamber 22. «• The membrane electrode group 3 is disposed between the chambers 21 of the chambers of the anode current collector plate, and the membrane electrode group 3 has an anode gas diffusion layer 31 from bottom to top. And disposed on the side of the anode diffusion layer 31: an anode catalyst layer 32, a proton exchange membrane 33 disposed on one side of the anode catalyst layer, and a cathode contact disposed on a side of the proton exchange membrane 33 The dielectric layer 34, the diffusion layer 35 constitutes a cathode gas diffusion disposed on the side surface of the cathode catalyst layer 34. The film 4' is placed on the opening 27 of the body of the cathode current collector plate 2 After the piezoelectric film 4 is energized, a vibration 'forming-compression pumping state is generated on the cathode current collecting plate 2 to control the pressure inside the cathode current collecting plate 2. The pressure of the P chamber to 21 is further controlled by the second inlet 23 Inhaling outside air in the cavity • Refer to the second, fourth and fifth figures, which is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection and internal flow reaction of the piezoelectric fuel cell of the present invention and the external control circuit. As shown in the figure: the piezoelectric type of the present invention When the fuel cell 1 is electrically connected to the external control circuit 5, the anode current collector 1 is first The port 13 has an intake valve 15 connected to the outside, and the first outlet port 4 is externally connected with a discharge valve 16. The intake valve 15 is electrically connected to the control circuit board 51 of the external control circuit 5. The control circuit board 51 is electrically connected to the control circuit board 51. The intake valve 25 and the discharge valve 26 of the cathode current collector 2 are electrically connected to the control circuit board φ 51, and the LSI film 4 is electrically connected to the control circuit board μ. Further, the anode catalyst layer 32 and the cathode catalyst layer 34 of the membrane electrode group 3 inside the piezoelectric fuel cell 1 are electrically connected to the DC-DC converter 52 and the control circuit board 51. Further, the boot battery 53 is electrically connected to the DC-DC converter 52. When it is actuated, the control circuit board 51 drives the intake valve 25 to open, and simultaneously causes the piezoelectric film 4 to generate upper and lower compression vibrations, and drums outside the piezoelectric film 4. Starting (expansion), the pressure of the internal chamber 22 of the cathode current collector 2 is lowered, and the outside air flows into the chamber 1351781. 22 of the cathode current collector 2 through the second inlet 23, at this time, the control circuit board 51 Controlling the intake valve a to open, to externally connect the hydrogen cylinder 54 The gas enters the chamber 12 of the anode current collecting plate 1 from the first inlet 13 to electrochemically react with the proton exchange membrane 3. After the air in the inner chamber 22 of the 5th cathode current collecting plate 2 is sufficient, 5 The control circuit board 51 drives the piezoelectric film 4 to cause the piezoelectric film 4 to generate the internal chamber 22 of the compressed cathode current collector 2, causing the internal pressure of the chamber 22 to rise, at which time the control circuit board 51 drives the intake valve 25 to close. The water and gas after the chemical reaction between the chamber 22 of the cathode current collecting plate 2 and the membrane electrode assembly 3 are discharged from the second outlet 24. When the power output is required, the control circuit board 51 enhances the piezoelectric thin film. The vibration frequency of 4 is chemically reacted with the intake valve 25 to draw in more air and hydrogen. According to the experiment of the present inventors, the distribution of fuel at different time points is known, and the oxygen supply time per unit 1 of the cathode current collector plate is determined by the frequency of the piezoelectric piece. When the fixed frequency is low frequency, most of the current loss is ♦ Due to insufficient concentration of oxygen, the concentration polarization loss is caused. Therefore, by adjusting the frequency of the piezoelectric sheet to a high frequency, sufficient air can be sucked into the cathode flow path per unit time. In this way, not only the generation of the current can be made more stable, but also the loss caused by the concentration polarization and the fluctuation of the current caused by the low frequency with time can be overcome. As a result of the ratio of the current to the chemical equivalent, the piezoelectric sheet is operated at a low frequency and the content representing the U is relatively less than the content of the Guan, which is called the fUelriCh, which results in a loss of fuel consumption and electricity generation rate. low. When the right side of the piezoelectric piece is operated at a high frequency, the cathode end attracts sufficient air A ΟΙ. == (iuellean) condition, and the electric generation rate is increased. Therefore, the use rate in this case... The six-figure diagram of the water management of the piezoelectric proton exchange membrane fuel cell in this case, when the dust cell is operated as a low frequency: fluctuating between the readings, and causing the amount of water discharged under the oxygen consumption at any time: Electricity = sufficient gas volume, causing a large amount of water to be produced and having two turns: the cathode end, so that the water concentration at the cathode end is not excessively deposited. % Oxygen concentration distribution, please refer to the seventh figure. In =,,, this will cause oxygen === The frequency of the piece is adjusted to high frequency, which will attract more oxygen, and the rate of 2 will also drop to 47. % _29%, Θ Θ ;; 洛 夕, *, such as α Ρ represents ample rolling 罝 and can make hydrogen consumption rate & and have better power generation efficiency. Hydrogen consumption distribution, when the frequency of the repeated action of the electric piece is low frequency, the oxygen consumption of the anode of the basin = the consumption of the air will change with the intake air of the cathode end, so the hydrogen/xiao consumption will be over time. Significant fluctuations and reduced hydrogen consumption. However, when the frequency at which the piezoelectric piece is operated is high frequency, the consumption of hydrogen gas is kept stable and contributes to stable output of power output.曰本毛月 can reduce the volume and reduce the weight of the micro fuel cell system, increase the flow rate of the mouth and the flow rate, avoid the accumulation of liquid water, and increase the power consumption of the piezoelectric piece, so it can increase the overall fuel cell. effectiveness. 1351781. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the electric fuel system of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric fuel cell of the present invention and an external control circuit. The internal flow reaction action of the electric fuel cell of the present invention is shown
第五圖’係本發明 作示意圖。 之屢電式燃料電池㈣流動另 一反應動 f六圖，係本發明之電流產生與水氣分 :七圖：係本發明之氧氣消耗曲線隨不 【主要元件符號說明】 佈圖。 同週期 之變化 〇 燃料電池10 陽極集電板1 本體11 籲腔室I2 第一入口 13 第一出口 14 進氣閥15 排放閥16 陰極集電板2 本體21 腔室22 第二入口 23 1351781. 第二出口 24 進氣閥25 排放閥26 開口 27 膜電極組3 陽極氣體擴散層31 陽極觸媒層32 質子交換膜33 陰極觸媒層34 陰極氣體擴散層35 壓電薄膜4The fifth figure is a schematic view of the present invention. The electric fuel cell (4) flows another reaction f map, which is the current generation and water gas of the present invention: seven figures: the oxygen consumption curve of the present invention is not [main component symbol description] layout. The same cycle change 〇 fuel cell 10 anode collector plate 1 body 11 call chamber I2 first inlet 13 first outlet 14 intake valve 15 discharge valve 16 cathode collector plate 2 body 21 chamber 22 second inlet 23 1351781. Second outlet 24 intake valve 25 discharge valve 26 opening 27 membrane electrode group 3 anode gas diffusion layer 31 anode catalyst layer 32 proton exchange membrane 33 cathode catalyst layer 34 cathode gas diffusion layer 35 piezoelectric film 4
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