200933967 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種燃料電池，尤指一種壓電式之質子 交換燃料電池。 ' 【先前技術】 傳統的質子交換膜燃料電池（PEMFC )之基本元件構 造包含雙極板、氣體擴散層、觸媒層、電解質層。而 PEMFC的原理為氫氣由陽極端雙極板之腔室擴散至陽極氣 體擴散層再到陽極觸媒層，藉由陽極觸媒層的白金觸媒，、 解離成帶正電的氫離子與電子。而氧氣亦經由陰極端之雙 極板和陰極觸媒層的觸媒白金接觸，還原成帶負電的氧離 子。帶正電的氫離子受到帶負f氧離子之靜電力影響，氳 離子經由質子交換膜的傳導被吸引到陰極端和氧離子化合 成水。而氫原子中帶負電的電子因無法穿透質子交換膜;^ 只能經陽極端的外部迴路傳至陰極產生直流電流。、 由於微型幫浦是驅動腔室内流體的關鍵元件，在近 來：發展出各式各樣的形式，當然’也各有其優缺點。例 3=泵/依闕來分類’可分為有閥與無閥，其中無閥 咖 reCtlfiCatl〇n P_S) * 利用流體流 懕：擴裝置_fuser)與漸縮裝置(n〇zzle)來產 以達到驅動液體的效果。因此漸擴與漸縮管取 2原本的被動_，避免了零件的損壞 型幫浦不僅可以龌動久鍤沒駚…岡式微 禮的優點，同時更有體積小、 w早、低成本以及高耐用性等的優勢。另外，因為只 5 200933967 單純運用幾何形狀以縮小空間，所以增加了許多設計難 度。 、 雖然無閥式薄膜泵的優點很多，但是有一個缺點，那 就是在單一方向淨流量是單純靠著前後兩端的漸縮與漸擴 裝置所狀成的壓力差，只要無閥式本身應用到流阻過高的 腔室時’就會造成單-方向淨流量不復存在而失去功用。 因=有閥式薄膜泵(Check_valve Pumps)即考慮將閥體加入 =中以增加泵的效率’幫助幫浦本身對抗較高的流阻， g回流所造成的損失。然而加入閥體的額外設計考量就 因而產生，其中包括該選擇怎樣的閥體、閥體本身的成 =閥體可靠度以及由於壓電片變形體積很小且振動頻率 =1】此閥體本身是否能跟得上振動的響應，是否有能 美么、皁一方向流量的功能，則需要深入研究。 =技術如專利申請號第941侧號之設計雖然提及 ❹二 =:::運用於燃料電池發電系統中，但仍是外接於 料成二專利因為將空氣幫浦外加於燃料電池 系統稷雜增加系統不穩定機率增加。 、 【發明内容】200933967 IX. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to a piezoelectric proton exchange fuel cell. [Prior Art] The basic element structure of a conventional proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) comprises a bipolar plate, a gas diffusion layer, a catalyst layer, and an electrolyte layer. The principle of PEMFC is that hydrogen diffuses from the chamber of the anode-side bipolar plate to the anode gas diffusion layer to the anode catalyst layer, and is dissociated into positively charged hydrogen ions and electrons by the platinum catalyst of the anode catalyst layer. . Oxygen is also reduced to a negatively charged oxygen ion via contact between the bipolar plate at the cathode end and the catalyst platinum in the cathodic catalyst layer. The positively charged hydrogen ions are affected by the electrostatic force of the negative f oxygen ions, and the conduction of the cesium ions through the proton exchange membrane is attracted to the cathode end and the oxygen ionized water. The negatively charged electrons in the hydrogen atom cannot penetrate the proton exchange membrane; ^ can only be transmitted to the cathode through the external loop of the anode terminal to generate a direct current. Since the micro-pull is a key component in the fluids driving the chamber, in recent times: various forms have been developed, and of course, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Example 3 = pump / 阙 阙 classification ' can be divided into valve and no valve, which is no valve coffee reCtlfiCatl〇n P_S) * using fluid flow: expansion device _fuser) and tapered device (n〇zzle) In order to achieve the effect of driving the liquid. Therefore, the divergence and the diminishing tube take 2 the original passive _, avoiding the damage of the parts. The pump can not only shake the long-term ambiguity... the advantages of the ceremonial ritual, but also the small size, early, low cost and high Advantages such as durability. In addition, because only 5 200933967 simply uses geometric shapes to reduce space, it adds a lot of design difficulties. Although the advantages of the valveless membrane pump are many, there is a disadvantage that the net flow in a single direction is simply the pressure difference formed by the tapered and divergent devices at the front and rear ends, as long as the valveless type itself is applied. When the flow resistance is too high, the chamber will cause the net flow in the single direction to disappear and lose its function. Because = Check_valve Pumps consider adding the valve body to = to increase the efficiency of the pump. Help the pump itself to resist the high flow resistance, the loss caused by g reflow. However, additional design considerations for the addition of the valve body result from the selection of the valve body, the valve body itself, the valve body reliability, and the small deformation volume of the piezoelectric piece and the vibration frequency = 1] the valve body itself Whether it can keep up with the vibration response, whether there is a function of beauty and soap flow, it needs to be studied in depth. =Technology, such as the design of the patent application No. 941 side number, although the reference to the second =::: is used in the fuel cell power generation system, but it is still externally used in the second patent because the air pump is added to the fuel cell system. Increased system instability increases. [Content of the invention]
:此，本發明之主要目的，在於解決傳統缺失 月匕供-種壓電式晴浦設燃料電池的腔室上，X ^分混合，再加上幫浦之特性可直接二=體 排出陰極集電板的腔室外。所以，本發明利用之壓電： 6 200933967 工氣幫浦由簡單的厭 &電溥膜設計而成，故不需在燃料電池 中外加額外的空齑暫 、繁浦’所以體積與重量會減輕許多。而 且’ k入陽極隼雷如a > ^ ,^ ^ >、冤板之虱氣可以固定流量輸入，而不需外 加風氣幫浦，甚雪祕 右㈤心加功率輸出時，只增加氩氣流量即 可0 為達上述之目的’本發明之可變流道之壓電式質子交 換膜燃料電池，句紅· 、 a τ电池包括.一陽極集電板、一陰極集電板、一 ❹壓電薄膜。其中’該陽極集電板具有一本 ^，:玄本體内具有-腔室，該本體的-側上設有一與該腔 至相通之第一入口，另-侧設有-與該腔室相通之第一出 口。忒陰極集電板具有一本體，該本體内具有一腔室，該 本體一侧設有一與該腔室相通之第二入口，侧設有一 與該腔室相通之第二出口，該第二入口及第二出口上各至 配置有it氣閥及排放閥，另於該本體表面上開設有一開 a該開口與δ亥腔室相通。該質子交換膜，係以配置在該 ©陽極集電板的腔室及陰極集電板的腔室間，該質子交換膜 包括有一陽極氣體擴散層，一配置於該陽極擴散層一側面 上之陽極觸媒層，一配置在陽極觸媒層一側面上之電解質 層，一配置於該電解質層一側面上之陰極觸媒層，一配置 於陰極觸媒層一側面上之陰極氣體擴散層組成。該壓電薄 膜係以配置於該陰極集電板的本體之開口上。 【實施方式】 茲有關本發明之技術内容及詳細說明，現配合圖式說 明如下： 7 200933967 睛參閲第一、二圖，係本發明之壓電式燃料電池及第 圖的局部放大示意圖。如圖所示：本發明之可變流道之 壓電式質子交換膜燃料電池10，包括··一陽極集電板 (Anode Collector)】、一陰極集電板（Cath〇deC〇1 lect〇r)2、 一膜電極組（Membrane Electrode Assembly，MEA)3 及一壓電 薄膜（PZT)4。其中， 該陽極集電板1，係具有一四方之本體丨丨，該本體11 ❹内具有一腔室12，該本體η的一側上設有一與該腔室以相 通之第一入口 13，另一側設有一與該腔室12相通之第一出 口 14。 該陰極集電板2，係具有一四方之本體21，該本體。 内具有-腔室22，該本體21的一侧上設有一與該腔室四相 通之第二入口 23，另一側設有一與該腔室22相通之第二出 口 24，該第二入口 23及第二出口以上各至配置有一進氣閥 25及排放閥26。另’該第二入口23的進氣閥四在外部控制 ❹電路的控制下，以供空氣（Air)輸入，而該第二出口⑽ 排放閥26在外部控制電路的控制下，以排放反應後的氣 體。又，於該本體21表面上開設有一圓形開口 27，該開口 27與該腔室22相通。 該膜電極組3，係以配置在該陽極集電板】的腔室n 及陰極集電板2的腔室21間，該膜電極組3由下往上依序 設有一陽極氣體擴散層31，—配置於該陽極擴散層31 一侧 面上=陽極觸媒層32，一配置在陽極觸媒層32 一侧面上之 質子交換膜33，-配置於該質子交換膜33 一侧面上之陰極 8 200933967 觸媒層34，一 散層35組成。 配置於陰極觸媒層34— 側面上之陰極氣體擴 之門Γ 配置於該陰極集電板2的本體21 i 電薄膜4通電後，於該陰極集電板2 生振動，形成一壓縮泵浦狀態，以控制陰極集電板2 ::室21的壓力’進而由第二入口 23吸入外 室21内部。 © ^閱第—四五圖，係本發明之壓電式燃料電池 與外部控制電路電性連結及内部流動反應動作示意圖。如 圖所示：本發明之壓電式燃料電池10與外部控制電路5電 性連結時，將陽極集電板i的於該第一入口13對外部連接 有一進氣閥15，而第-出口14對外連接有一置有一排放闕 16。該進氣閥15在外部控制電路5的控制電路板51電性連 結，該排放閥16也與控制電路板51電性連結。 該陰極集電板2的進氣閥25及排放閥26與控制電路板 ❹51電性連結，以及該壓電薄膜4與該控制電路板51電性連 結。另，該壓電式燃料電池10内部之膜電極組3的陽極觸 媒層32及陰極觸媒層34與該直流_直流轉換器52及控制電 路板51電性連結。又，該啟動電池53與該直流-直流轉換 器52電性連結。 當作動時，該控制電路板51驅動該進氣閥25打開，同 時使屢電薄膜4產生上、下壓縮振動，在壓電薄膜4外鼓 起（膨脹），導致陰極集電板2内部腔室22的壓力下降， 外部的空氣會經第二入口 23流入於該陰極集電板2的腔室 9 200933967 22内部，此時控制電路板51控制該進氣閥15打開，使外部 連結的氫氣瓶54的兔氣由第一入口 13進入於該陽極集電板 1的腔室12内部與該質子交換膜3進行電化學反應。 在吸入於該陰極集電板2内部腔室22的空氣充足後， 該控制電路板51會驅動壓電薄膜4，使該壓電薄膜4產生 壓縮陰極集電板2内部腔室22 ’造成腔室22内部壓力上 升，此時控制電路板51驅動進氣閥25關閉，使在陰極集電 ❹板2的腔室22與膜電極組3化學反應後的水及氣體由第二 出口 24排出。 當需要加電力輸出時，該控制電路板51會增強壓電薄 膜4的振動頻率與進氣閥25以吸入更多的空氣與氫氣進行 化學反應。 經本發明人實驗中可知燃料在不同時間點的分布情 形，陰極集電板的氧氣單位時間供應量是由壓電片的頻率 高低^決定，固定頻率為低頻率時，大部分的電流損失是 由於氧氣濃度不足造成濃度極化損失，因此將壓電片之頻 =調至高頻，即可在單位時_吸人充足的空氣至陰極流 ^如此’不僅可使電流之產生較為穩定並且可以克服濃 =化所造成之損失以及低頻時所造成之電流隨時間波動 的惜开4。 電流與化學當| s + _ =空氣之含_:於=:做=: 若在壓電二動生率皆偏低。 馮间頻率時，陰極端會吸入充足之空氣 200933967 ㈣料不足加1 lean)之條件，其使得燃料使用率 ' 篁產生率提咼。故在本案之壓電式質子交換膜辦-料 t產中生y⑽的條件下可節省燃料的使用並且提昇^ 本案之屢電式質子交換膜燃料電池之水管理，請 :二在壓電片做動為低頻時，其將導致排出水量隨 間而波動’並且造成耗氧量下降。 ❹ ❹ 時’由於空氣進氣量充心造成大量的水分產 壓電片之拍打而排出陰極端，使得陰 丄二 有過多的水分_。 度不至於 氧氣濃度分佈請參閱第七圖，在低頻時其氧氣 ，達98187%，如此將造成氧氣量不足之情況 做動頻率調整至高頻，則會吸入較多之氧 斤， 耗率亦會下降至47% -29%，即代表氧氣量足/、乳軋消 氣之消耗率提昇並擁有較佳之發電=置充足並可使得氣 極J氣消耗分佈，當壓電片做動之頻率為低頻時，且陽 低頻時，氫氣的消耗會隨著時間有大幅的波動，二= 軋W耗率降低。但在壓電片做動之頻率為高 ^， 的消耗就保持穩定並有助於電力產量穩定輪出。、風乳 曰本發明對於微型燃料電池系統可縮小體積及減少重 =加空氣流率、化學反應速率與避 :二因壓電片之耗電量小故可增加整體燃料電池^電 200933967 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖’係本發明之壓電式燃料電池示意圖。 第二圖，係第一圖的局部放大示意圖。 第三圖，係本發明之壓電式燃料電池與外部控制電路電性 連結不意圖。 第四圖，係本發明之壓電式燃料電池内部流動反應動作示 意圖。 〇第五圖，係本發明之壓電式燃料電池内部流動另一反應動 作示意圖。 ~ 第六圖，係本發明之電流產生與水氣分佈圖。 第七圖，係本發明之氧氣消耗曲線隨不同週期之變化。 【主要元件符號說明】 燃料電池10 陽極集電板1 本體11 ❹腔室12 第—入口 13 第一出口 14 進氣閥15 排放閥16 陰極集電板2 本體21 腔室22 第二入口 23 12 200933967 第二出口 24 進氣閥25 排放閥26 開口 27 膜電極組3 陽極氣體擴散層31 陽極觸媒層32 @質子交換膜33 陰極觸媒層34 陰極氣體擴散層35 壓電薄膜4This is the main purpose of the present invention, which is to solve the problem of the conventional missing moon-supplied piezoelectric-type plasma cell, the X ^ minute mixing, and the characteristics of the pump can directly discharge the cathode The chamber of the collector plate is outside. Therefore, the piezoelectric used in the present invention: 6 200933967 The gas pump is designed by a simple anaesthetic & electric film, so there is no need to add extra space in the fuel cell, and the volume and weight will be A lot less. Moreover, 'k into the anode 隼雷如 a > ^ , ^ ^ >, the helium of the raft can be fixed flow input, without the need for external wind pump, even snow secret right (five) heart plus power output, only increase argon The gas flow rate can be 0. For the above purpose, the piezoelectric proton exchange membrane fuel cell of the variable flow channel of the present invention, the sentence red, a τ battery includes an anode current collector plate, a cathode current collector plate, and a ❹Piezoelectric film. Wherein the anode current collector plate has a chamber, the body has a chamber, the body has a first inlet connected to the chamber, and the other side is provided with the chamber. The first exit. The cathode current collector plate has a body, the body has a chamber, the body side is provided with a second inlet communicating with the chamber, and the side is provided with a second outlet communicating with the chamber, the second inlet And the second outlet is provided with an air valve and a discharge valve, and an opening is formed on the surface of the body to communicate with the delta chamber. The proton exchange membrane is disposed between the chamber of the anode collector plate and the chamber of the cathode collector plate. The proton exchange membrane includes an anode gas diffusion layer disposed on one side of the anode diffusion layer. An anode catalyst layer, an electrolyte layer disposed on one side of the anode catalyst layer, a cathode catalyst layer disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer disposed on one side of the cathode catalyst layer . The piezoelectric film is disposed on an opening of the body of the cathode current collector plate. [Embodiment] The technical content and detailed description of the present invention will now be described with reference to the following drawings: 7 200933967 The first and second drawings are the enlarged views of the piezoelectric fuel cell of the present invention and the drawings. As shown in the figure, the piezoelectric proton exchange membrane fuel cell 10 of the variable flow channel of the present invention comprises an anode collector (Anode Collector) and a cathode collector plate (Cath〇deC〇1 lect〇). r) 2. Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) 3 and a piezoelectric film (PZT) 4. The anode current collecting plate 1 has a four-sided body 丨丨, the body 11 has a chamber 12 therein, and one side of the body η is provided with a first inlet 13 communicating with the chamber. The other side is provided with a first outlet 14 communicating with the chamber 12. The cathode current collector plate 2 has a square body 21, the body. There is a chamber 22, one side of the body 21 is provided with a second inlet 23 communicating with the chamber, and the other side is provided with a second outlet 24 communicating with the chamber 22, the second inlet 23 And an intake valve 25 and a discharge valve 26 are disposed above the second outlet. In addition, the intake valve 4 of the second inlet 23 is controlled by an external control circuit for air input, and the second outlet (10) discharge valve 26 is controlled by an external control circuit to discharge the reaction. gas. Further, a circular opening 27 is defined in the surface of the body 21, and the opening 27 communicates with the chamber 22. The membrane electrode assembly 3 is disposed between the chamber n of the anode current collector plate and the chamber 21 of the cathode current collector plate 2, and the membrane electrode assembly 3 is sequentially provided with an anode gas diffusion layer 31 from bottom to top. - disposed on one side of the anode diffusion layer 31 = anode catalyst layer 32, a proton exchange membrane 33 disposed on one side of the anode catalyst layer 32, and a cathode 8 disposed on one side of the proton exchange membrane 33 200933967 The catalyst layer 34 is composed of a dispersion layer 35. a cathode gas diffusion gate disposed on the side of the cathode catalyst layer 34. The anode film 21 disposed on the cathode current collector plate 2 is electrically connected to the cathode current collector plate 2, and generates vibration pumping on the cathode current collector plate 2 to form a compression pump. The state is to control the pressure of the cathode collector plate 2:: chamber 21 and is further sucked into the interior of the outer chamber 21 by the second inlet 23. © ^第第四五图, is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection and internal flow reaction of the piezoelectric fuel cell of the present invention with an external control circuit. As shown in the figure, when the piezoelectric fuel cell 10 of the present invention is electrically connected to the external control circuit 5, an inlet valve 15 is connected to the first inlet 13 of the anode current collecting plate i, and the first outlet is connected. 14 There is a discharge 阙 16 for the external connection. The intake valve 15 is electrically connected to the control circuit board 51 of the external control circuit 5, and the discharge valve 16 is also electrically coupled to the control circuit board 51. The intake valve 25 and the discharge valve 26 of the cathode current collector 2 are electrically connected to the control circuit board 51, and the piezoelectric film 4 is electrically connected to the control circuit board 51. Further, the anode catalyst layer 32 and the cathode catalyst layer 34 of the membrane electrode group 3 in the piezoelectric fuel cell 10 are electrically connected to the DC-DC converter 52 and the control circuit board 51. Further, the starter battery 53 is electrically coupled to the DC-DC converter 52. When it is actuated, the control circuit board 51 drives the intake valve 25 to open, and at the same time, the secondary electric film 4 generates upper and lower compression vibrations, and bulges (expands) outside the piezoelectric film 4, thereby causing the internal cavity of the cathode current collector plate 2. The pressure of the chamber 22 is lowered, and the outside air flows into the chamber 9 200933967 22 of the cathode current collector plate 2 through the second inlet 23, at which time the control circuit board 51 controls the intake valve 15 to open to externally connect the hydrogen gas. The rabbit gas of the bottle 54 enters the chamber 12 of the anode current collector plate 1 from the first inlet 13 to electrochemically react with the proton exchange membrane 3. After the air sucked into the inner chamber 22 of the cathode current collector 2 is sufficient, the control circuit board 51 drives the piezoelectric film 4 to cause the piezoelectric film 4 to generate a cavity of the cathode chamber 2 of the cathode collector plate 2 The pressure inside the chamber 22 rises, at which time the control circuit board 51 drives the intake valve 25 to close, so that the water and gas chemically reacted between the chamber 22 of the cathode current collecting plate 2 and the membrane electrode assembly 3 are discharged from the second outlet 24. When an electric power output is required, the control circuit board 51 enhances the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric film 4 and the intake valve 25 to inhale more air and hydrogen to chemically react. According to the experiment of the present inventors, the distribution of fuel at different time points is known. The oxygen unit time supply of the cathode current collector plate is determined by the frequency of the piezoelectric piece, and when the fixed frequency is low frequency, most of the current loss is due to Insufficient oxygen concentration causes concentration polarization loss, so adjust the frequency of the piezoelectric sheet to high frequency, which can be used to absorb enough air to the cathode flow in the unit. This not only makes the current generation more stable and can be overcome. The loss caused by the concentration = the fluctuation and the current caused by the low frequency fluctuate with time. Current and Chemistry When | s + _ = Air Contains _: Yes =: Do =: If the piezoelectric second rate is low. At the inter-Feng frequency, the cathode end will inhale sufficient air. 200933967 (4) The material is not enough to add 1 lean), which makes the fuel utilization rate '篁 rate increase. Therefore, in the case of the piezoelectric proton exchange membrane in this case, the use of fuel can be saved and improved. The water management of the electric proton exchange membrane fuel cell of this case, please: two in the piezoelectric sheet When the action is low frequency, it will cause the amount of discharged water to fluctuate with each other' and cause a decrease in oxygen consumption. ❹ ❹ When the air intake volume is filled, a large amount of water is produced by the piezoelectric piece and the cathode end is discharged, so that the yin 2 has excessive moisture _. Please refer to the seventh figure for the oxygen concentration distribution. At low frequency, the oxygen will reach 98187%. This will cause the oxygen to be insufficient. When the frequency is adjusted to high frequency, it will inhale more oxygen and consume more. Will drop to 47% -29%, which means that the amount of oxygen is sufficient, the consumption rate of the degassing of the milk is increased and the power generation is better = sufficient and the gas consumption of the gas J is distributed, when the frequency of the piezoelectric piece is At low frequencies and at low frequencies, hydrogen consumption fluctuates significantly over time, and the second = rolling W rate decreases. However, when the frequency of the piezoelectric piece is high, the consumption is kept stable and contributes to the stable rotation of the power production. The invention can reduce the volume and reduce the weight of the micro fuel cell system, and increase the flow rate of the chemical reaction rate and avoidance: the power consumption of the piezoelectric piece can be increased, so that the overall fuel cell can be increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The first figure is a schematic view of a piezoelectric fuel cell of the present invention. The second figure is a partially enlarged schematic view of the first figure. The third figure is not intended to electrically connect the piezoelectric fuel cell of the present invention to an external control circuit. The fourth drawing is a schematic diagram of the internal flow reaction operation of the piezoelectric fuel cell of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing another reaction of the internal flow of the piezoelectric fuel cell of the present invention. ~ Figure 6 is a diagram showing the current generation and water vapor distribution of the present invention. The seventh figure shows the oxygen consumption curve of the present invention as a function of different periods. [Main component symbol description] Fuel cell 10 Anode collector plate 1 Body 11 ❹ chamber 12 First inlet 13 First outlet 14 Intake valve 15 Discharge valve 16 Cathode collector plate 2 Body 21 Chamber 22 Second inlet 23 12 200933967 Second outlet 24 Intake valve 25 Discharge valve 26 Opening 27 Membrane electrode group 3 Anode gas diffusion layer 31 Anode catalyst layer 32 @ Proton exchange membrane 33 Cathode catalyst layer 34 Cathode gas diffusion layer 35 Piezoelectric film 4
1313