1343253 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及中藥製藥，具體地說，本發明涉及一種利用 微波技術特別是微波萃取蒸發技術煉製中藥的系統。 【先前技術】 中藥煉製源遠流長，包括胥'丹、丸、散、酊、錠等製 劑。迄今爲止，中藥煉製大多仍然採用明火、直接電熱和蒸 汽鍋爐等方法進行。 明火煉製作業條件差，煙熏、熱汽蒸騰，甚至影響操作 人員身體健康。明火和（電阻式）直接電熱過程中，易發生暴 沸、跑鍋、過熱結痂和焦化變質，生產效率低。使用蒸汽加 熱’對傳熱面的腐蝕、結痂垢堵塞等問題仍難以解決，附設 的蒸汽鍋爐車間增加基本投資及維修保養費用可觀，且嚴重 污染環境。 產生這些問題主要在於明火、電熱和蒸汽加熱都要靠傳 熱面傳熱以及熱源和傳熱面過熱；微波傳熱沒有傳熱面的槪 念，故能很好地解決這一癥結。 1945年偶然發現微波融化了雷達旁的巧克力糖。1965 年微波的工業應用’首先在烘乾面條中取得成功。近十來二 十年長足增長並推廣至眾多的領域。 微波用作電磁波，已廣泛應用於電子無綫電通訊和遙控 保安等資訊產業方面。將微波作爲能源，在宇航衞星計劃中 用於利用太陽能的遙控供電；在工業加工單元方面，微波應 用於萃取、加熱、烘乾、滅菌、燒結以及催化化學物理反應。 1343253. < < 微波滅菌只需數十秒至數分鐘即可；微波乾燥和燒結能保證 產品內外品質均勻’且效率提高數倍至百倍；微波萃取能提 高效率數倍乃至萬倍（用強酸王水進行微波萃取骨頭或貝殼 某些成份’效率快萬倍）；目前應用規模最大的是肉類解凍 以及固體物料乾燥，效率提高數倍至百倍。 工業上主要採用磁控管或速調管產生大功率的微波 能。2450MHz時’微波對水和空氣中的滲透深度，分別爲 2.3cm和12.2cm;在915MHz時，分別增加到20cm和 33.0cm。隨溫度升高微波在水中的滲透深度增加；例如，95乞 時對應2450MHz和915MHZ時，分別爲4.8cm和29.5cm。 而且915MHz磁控管工作效率一般比2450MHz磁控管高 10-20 °/〇。故工業上進行微波萃取蒸發濃縮操作，最好採用 915MHz的微波’以獲得較大的穿透深度和較高的工作效率。 微波用作加熱能源，與傳統的傳熱傳質方法不同，不存 在傳熱面。微波是利用微波高頻電磁波特性，通過波導管以 能量場的形式傳遞到介質中，使受影響的極性分子產生振 盪、旋轉、摩擦、遷移、運動，實現傳熱和傳質。微波場使 極性分子在一秒鐘內旋轉9.15或24.5億次。分子碰撞摩擦 產生很高的熱效應。例如，燒結介質能被熔融（達數百至過 千°C )。若介質以極性溶劑爲主，則會被加熱到沸點和被蒸 發濃縮。 在微波蒸發自來水的實驗中，不會在器皿表面上生成堅 硬的痂垢沉積，只出現混濁可見的浮游分散微粒。在明火、 直接電熱和蒸汽加熱時’由於傳熱面上溫度梯度處於高位， 1343253. 產生痂垢沉積及物料局部過熱焦化等弊病 發過程未見發生。傳統的傳質、傳熱和化 度’依賴傳熱面進行著有梯度的熱傳遞， 運動、熱對流分子遷移乃至沸騰的過程中 碰撞摩擦遷移的機遇，遠不及微波場所引 波能使工藝過程大大強化的機理所在。 已有關於微波技術在中藥方面獲得應 技術新方法在中草藥提取方面的應用”（時 年第12卷第5期）以及“微波能在醫藥工参 藥，2001年第32卷第9期附1附2)。但 固相物料的脫水乾燥，並且未有涉及固液 的蒸發濃縮之聯合應用和工業化設備的設 中國專利CN2096995U公開了 一種多 它採用電熱蒸汽鍋爐供熱並利用超聲波催 用於煎煮中藥湯劑。 中國專利CN 1386561A公開了 一種製 劑的微波萃取器。微波從用微波可穿透材 中央處進入，然後向四周透射到金屬外夾 隔離器之間形成的工作環隙，被加工物料 作靈活性將遇到困難，而且容易堵塞，較 大。 中國專利CN1391972A公開了 一種中 與上述發明專利CN 1 3 865 6 1 A描述的微波 於微波由外夾套導入，被加工物料置於中 ，而在微波萃取蒸 學物理反應過程速 所能激發出的布朗 ，介質中各分子的 發的效應。這是微 用的報導，見“新 珍國醫國藥，200 1 _中的應用”（中草 此兩篇報導只提到 相萃取及其萃取液 計。 功能煎藥提取機， 化萃取，但其主要 取分析化學用之試 料製成的隔離器自 套形的圓筒容器與 從環隙流過。其操 難實現工業化再放 藥微波萃取裝置， 萃取器不同之處在 央圓柱形容器中， 1343253. 爲消除物料不均勻而設置了攪拌裝置。它的中央容器可用非 金屬或氟塑料製造，以使微波能透入並作用於物料。此專利 與CN2 62 8 1 1 8 Y所述的微波萃取裝置均將微波發生器之磁控 管設置於與設備一體相連之外夾套層內，當非全屬或氟塑料 密封滲漏或破損，易發生危險《高電壓高頻元件不應在潮濕 環境工作，否則易產生工業安全問題》 中國專利CN] 2 7 1 569A公開了一種高效低耗提取收膏製 粒機，用於中成藥九的工業生產。該發明仍然採用蒸汽鍋爐 供熱。 至於浸膏乾燥技術，“真空轉鼓薄膜蒸發器在紫羅蘭 酮成品精餾中的應用”（遼寧化工，2001年第30卷第5期） 報導了真空薄膜蒸發器技術，以蒸汽作爲熱源。本發明爲了 革除蒸汽鍋爐，改爲轉鼓內置式的電熱使有機油介質蒸發保 持恆溫的供熱方式。 上述文獻和專利或者未提到將微波技術與加熱、萃取、 蒸發、濃縮、催化等眾多物理和化工操作單元結合，更好地 集中在一個設備內對物料作工業化處理，或者仍然使用電熱 或蒸汽作爲加熱源。本發明的目的正是把微波能源引入到中 藥煉製中，對現有中藥煉製系統進行改造《其他行業或領域 (例如，生物化工、染料、化粧品、食品、飲品加工以及化 工）的加熱、萃取、蒸發、濃縮、脫水、乾燥、催化等單元 操作的工藝過程，也可選擇採用本發明的新穎系統。1343253 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical, and more particularly to a system for refining traditional Chinese medicine using microwave technology, particularly microwave extraction evaporation technology. [Prior Art] Traditional Chinese medicine refining has a long history, including preparations such as 胥'an, pills, powder, sputum, and ingots. To date, most Chinese herbal medicine refining processes have been carried out using open flames, direct electric heating and steam boilers. The open fire refining operation conditions are poor, smoke, hot steam transpiration, and even affect the health of the operator. In the open fire and (resistive) direct electrothermal process, it is prone to bumping, running pot, overheating and coking and deterioration, and the production efficiency is low. The use of steam heating's problems such as corrosion of the heat transfer surface and clogging of the fouling surface is still difficult to solve. The attached steam boiler workshop adds considerable capital investment and maintenance costs, and seriously pollutes the environment. These problems are mainly caused by the heat transfer of the heat transfer surface and the heat source and the heat transfer surface of the open flame, the electric heating and the steam heating. The microwave heat transfer has no heat transfer surface, so the problem can be solved well. In 1945, it was discovered by chance that the microwave melted the chocolate candy next to the radar. The industrial application of microwaves in 1965 was first successful in drying noodles. In the past ten or twenty years, it has grown and expanded to many fields. Microwave is used as an electromagnetic wave and has been widely used in information industry such as electronic radio communication and remote control security. Using microwaves as an energy source, it is used in the aerospace satellite program for remote power supply using solar energy; in industrial processing units, microwaves are used for extraction, heating, drying, sterilization, sintering, and catalytic chemical physical reactions. 1343253. << Microwave sterilization only takes tens of seconds to several minutes; microwave drying and sintering can ensure the quality of the product inside and outside is uniform 'and the efficiency is increased several times to 100 times; microwave extraction can improve the efficiency several times or even 10,000 times (using Strong acid aqua regia for microwave extraction of certain components of bones or shells 'efficiency is 10,000 times faster; the largest application is currently the thawing of meat and the drying of solid materials, the efficiency is increased several times to a hundred times. The industry mainly uses magnetrons or klystrons to generate high-power microwave energy. At 2450 MHz, the depth of penetration of microwaves into water and air was 2.3 cm and 12.2 cm, respectively; at 915 MHz, it increased to 20 cm and 33.0 cm, respectively. The penetration depth of the microwave in the water increases with increasing temperature; for example, 95 乞 corresponds to 4.8 cm and 29.5 cm at 2450 MHz and 915 MHZ, respectively. Moreover, the 915MHz magnetron is generally 10-20 °/〇 higher than the 2450 MHz magnetron. Therefore, the microwave extraction and evaporation concentration operation is carried out industrially, and it is preferable to use a microwave of 915 MHz to obtain a large penetration depth and a high working efficiency. Microwaves are used as heating energy sources. Unlike traditional heat and mass transfer methods, there is no heat transfer surface. Microwave is the use of microwave high-frequency electromagnetic wave characteristics, transmitted to the medium in the form of energy field through the waveguide, so that the affected polar molecules can oscillate, rotate, rub, migrate and move to achieve heat transfer and mass transfer. The microwave field causes the polar molecules to rotate 9.15 or 2.45 billion times in one second. Molecular collision friction produces a very high thermal effect. For example, the sintering medium can be melted (up to hundreds to thousands of ° C). If the medium is predominantly a polar solvent, it will be heated to the boiling point and concentrated by evaporation. In the experiment of evaporating tap water in a microwave, no hard scale deposits were formed on the surface of the vessel, and only turbid visible scattered particles were observed. In the case of open flame, direct electric heating and steam heating, the temperature gradient on the heat transfer surface is high, 1343253. The occurrence of fouling deposits and local overheated coking of materials has not occurred. The traditional mass transfer, heat transfer and chemical degree 'depends on the heat transfer surface to carry out the gradient heat transfer. The opportunity of collision and friction migration during the movement, thermal convection molecular migration and even boiling process is far less than the microwave process. The mechanism of greatly strengthening. There have been applications of microwave technology in the acquisition of Chinese herbal medicines in the field of traditional Chinese medicine" (Vol. 12, No. 5) and "Microwave Energy in Pharmaceutical Pharmaceuticals, Vol. 32, No. 9, 2001. Attached 2). However, the dehydration and drying of solid phase materials, and the joint application and industrial equipment that does not involve the solid-liquid evaporation and concentration, the Chinese patent CN2096995U discloses that it uses an electric steam boiler to supply heat and uses ultrasonic waves to decoct the traditional Chinese medicine decoction. . Chinese patent CN 1386561 A discloses a microwave extractor for a formulation. The microwave enters from the center of the microwave permeable material and then is transmitted to the working annulus formed between the metal outer separators. The flexibility of the material to be processed will be difficult and the clogging will be large. Chinese Patent No. CN1391972A discloses that a microwave described in the above-mentioned invention patent CN 1 3 865 6 1 A is introduced into the microwave by an outer jacket, and the processed material is placed therein, and the speed of the physical reaction of the microwave extraction steaming process can be excited. Brown, the effect of the molecules in the medium. This is a report of micro-use, see "New Zhen Guo Medicine Chinese Medicine, Application in 200 1 _" (The two reports in Zhongcao only mention phase extraction and its extract. Functional decoct extractor, chemical extraction, but its The isolator made of the sample for analytical chemistry is self-sleeve cylindrical container and flows through the annular gap. The operation is difficult to realize the industrial re-discharge microwave extraction device, and the extractor is different in the central cylindrical container. 1343253. A stirring device is provided to eliminate material unevenness. Its central container can be made of non-metal or fluoroplastic to allow microwave energy to penetrate and act on the material. This patent and the microwave described in CN2 62 8 1 1 8 Y The extraction device sets the magnetron of the microwave generator in the jacket layer outside the device, and is dangerous when the non-all or fluoroplastic seal leaks or is damaged. "High-voltage high-frequency components should not be wet. Environmental work, otherwise it is easy to produce industrial safety issues. Chinese patent CN] 2 7 1 569A discloses a high-efficiency and low-consumption extraction granulator for industrial production of Chinese patent medicine. The invention still uses steam boiler heating. As for the extraction technology of the extract, "the application of the vacuum drum thin film evaporator in the distillation of the finished ionone" (Liaoning Chemical, 2001, Vol. 30, No. 5) reported the vacuum thin film evaporator technology with steam as the heat source. In order to remove the steam boiler, the invention replaces the built-in electric heating of the drum to evaporate the organic oil medium to maintain a constant temperature heating mode. The above documents and patents do not mention the microwave technology and heating, extraction, evaporation, concentration, catalysis, and the like. The combination of physical and chemical operating units, better centralized industrial treatment of materials in a device, or still using electric heat or steam as a heating source. The purpose of the present invention is to introduce microwave energy into the refining of traditional Chinese medicine, to existing Chinese medicine Refining system to transform the process of heating, extraction, evaporation, concentration, dehydration, drying, catalysis, etc. in other industries or fields (eg biochemical, dyes, cosmetics, food, beverage processing and chemicals), The novel system employing the present invention is selected.
此外，現有技術包括前面報導的文獻主要使用24 5 0MHz 微波，故需要採用攪拌器來強化操作。而本發明採用91 5MHZ 1343253. 微波；此頻率的微波在水中的滲透深度較2450MHz大6至8 倍。 【發明內容】 本發明需要解決的技術問題是以微波能源取代中藥煉 製工業上目前使用的明火、直接電熱以及蒸汽鍋爐加熱方 式’革除傳熱面上溫度梯度處於高位，產生痂垢沉積及物料 局部過熱焦化等弊病，並且降低投資和成本，使工業環境更 環保。 爲了實現上述目的，本發明提供一種微波煉製中藥的系 統’它具有工藝簡單、提取率高、成本低、無污染、產品質 量高等特點。 所述微波煉製中藥的系統包括微波發生器、微波萃取蒸 發濃縮器、浸膏乾燥脫水機、粉碎機、震動篩和藥粉包裝機， 其特徵在於：所述微波萃取蒸發濃縮器由微波換能器和萃取 蒸發室構成，其中所述的微波換能器包括微波可穿透的材料 製成的中央管、微波不能穿透的材料製成的外夾套管以及 上、下端盖；所述的萃取蒸發室用分隔板分隔成多個分隔 室’所述的各分隔室頂部與萃取蒸發室內的中央分配盤底部 相連，其間的物料流通關係是通過所述分配盤上以及分隔室 底部相封應的下通閥來控制，而微波換能器與萃取蒸發室兩 者之間通過上、下循環管構成迴路：所述上循環管從微波換 倉匕器出口延伸進入卒取蒸發室中央與所述中央分配盤連 接；所述下循環管配備有強制循環泵。 爲了 Pra濾固相物料碎片及減少操作堵塞，所述的微波換 1343253.. < » 能器還包括上、下端濾柵構件例如，所述濾柵構件可由上、 下層濾柵以及其間設置的多層瓷環構成。 所述的微波換能器中央管選用例如氟塑料、耐高溫鋼化 * 玻璃或陶瓷等微波可穿透的材料製成，而外夾套管選用例如 ^ 表面經拋光的鋁、銅或不銹鋼等微波不能穿透的材料製成。 按照萃取分段數目把所述的萃取蒸發室分隔成與萃取 分段數目相等的分隔室，分隔室的中央分配盤上之下通閥數 目與分隔室底部之下通閥數目和旁通閥數目也應與萃取分 ® 段數目相等。這樣的設計使得蒸發室斷面積是各個分隔室斷 面積的數倍’不但有利於蒸發和汽液分離，而且可以省卻常 規流程設計上的各分段萃取液儲罐。 在連接微波換能器與萃取蒸發室的下循環管段上，還裝 有強制循環泵’是爲了在蒸發濃縮過程中，由於物料黏稠度 增大至不利自然循環時’作爲強制循環泵使用。若要系統在 非沸騰狀態下萃取’也要使用循環泵。該循環泵出口還可引 出一條管道’與萃取蒸發室的加料口連接，在蒸發濃縮初期 ® 時’將萃取儲液從其他分隔室泵送到正在操作中之濃縮分隔 室’以維持最佳臨界液面高度，保證得到穩定的沸騰床自然 循環狀態。所述循環泵可選用隔膜泵、離心泵、納氏泵、活 塞泵等。 所述的萃取蒸發室頂部出口還可以連接冷凝器，例如列 • 管式冷凝器’使本發明的微波煉製中藥系統在低溫下進行萃 取，有利於蒸發的溶劑冷凝回流及回收物料中的易揮發組 分。當處理熱敏感物料’例如待加工的物料需要在常壓時的 -10- 1343253 * » • 1 * 沸點以下操作，以避免過熱分解、暴沸或變質時，可以在萃 取蒸發室頂部出口或者在冷凝器終端連接真空系統，本發明 的微波煉製中藥系統即可在真空狀態下操作。有時，在濃縮 * 收膏之後階段也會引入真空操作，以防止物料變焦硬。 』 爲了防止物料流失以及使蒸汽與液沫進一步分離，在萃 取蒸發室上部裝設有破泡除沫裝置。 本發明另一個特點是採用穿透深度較大的915MHz微 波’由此可以製成尺寸相對較大的微波換能器，以適應工業 β擴大生產。 根據實際生產能力的要求，還可以將微波換能器按並聯 疊加方式組成不同的組合，使生產能力以級數倍增。 根據本發明，所述的浸膏乾燥器可以是各種常規乾燥設 備。較佳地’採用油內熱式轉鼓薄膜蒸發乾燥脫水機。這種 乾燥脫水機以內置式電熱有機油並保持恆溫的方式供熱，不 但設備結構較緊揍，而且可達到革除蒸汽鍋爐的目的。 本發明系統中的粉粒包裝裝置包括粉碎機、震動篩和自 鲁 動包裝機及其他通用設備，均可按定型設備選取。 本發明的有益效果是：採用微波能源替代和革除依賴傳 熱面傳熱的明火、直接電熱和瓦特蒸汽等熱源，加熱均勻而 且消除了產生痂垢沉積及物料局部過熱焦化等弊病：眾多工 " 藝單元操作集中在一體化的多功能微波萃取蒸發濃縮器中 完成’萃取效率提高1 -3倍，浸膏脫水乾燥由現時需要數十 小時縮短至幾分鐘；設備投資按重量估計可減少5 -1 0倍， 也精簡了車間操作人員；以自動化無污染的微波裝置代替了 -11- 1343253. 9 ' 笨重又污染環境的明火、蒸汽設備；因此具有節約原料，縮 短工藝，易於控制，提高生產效率，降低能耗，減少投資成 本’保護環境，便於推廣等特點。 本發明的微波萃取蒸發濃縮器設計合理，加熱均勻，不 結痂垢，不焦化，恰當地利用了自然循環和強制泵輔助循 環’選擇性地採用真空和熱電敏感溫度計，因此可以按實際 生產需要作各種適應性調控。這是明火、直接電熱或蒸汽加 熱無法實現的。 下面結合附圖和具體實施方式對本發明系統作進一步 詳細的描述。 【實施方式】 第1圖所示的微波煉製中藥的系統是本發明其中—個實 施例。該實施例是由微波發生器1、微波萃取蒸發濃縮器36、 油內熱式轉鼓薄膜蒸發乾燥脫水機27、儲料斗3 1、機械粉 碎機32、震動詢33'自動包裝機；34等通過波導管2以及各 種管道和閥門依次連接而成；其中微波萃取蒸發濃縮器36 包括微波換能器3和萃取蒸發室9。 簡單地說’微波發生器1發出的微波通過波導管2導入 微波換能器3的外夾套管5內的環隙，再穿透中央管4將能 量傳遞給中央管4內的固液相物料，進行萃取蒸發濃縮（下 文將作詳細描述）；待萃取蒸發濃縮完成後，濃縮浸膏從萃 取蒸發室9下料口被送到料槽28，再由滾子29薄薄举粘附 在油內熱式轉鼓薄膜蒸發乾燥脫水機27的轉鼓表面^ ;蒸 發脫去水份的乾燥物料被刮刀3 0刮下，落入儲料斗3丨中. 1343253..In addition, the prior art, including the previously reported literature, mainly uses 2450 MHz microwaves, so a stirrer is needed to enhance the operation. The present invention uses 91 5MHZ 1343253. Microwave; the microwave penetration of this frequency is 6 to 8 times greater than that of 2450 MHz. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to replace the open flame, direct electric heating and steam boiler heating mode currently used in the Chinese medicine refining industry by microwave energy, and to remove the temperature gradient on the heat transfer surface to produce high scale deposits and materials. Local overheated coking and other ills, and reduce investment and cost, making the industrial environment more environmentally friendly. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a system for microwave refining of traditional Chinese medicines, which has the characteristics of simple process, high extraction rate, low cost, no pollution, and high product quality. The microwave refining Chinese medicine system comprises a microwave generator, a microwave extraction evaporation concentrator, an extract drying dehydrator, a pulverizer, a vibrating screen and a powder packaging machine, wherein the microwave extraction evaporation concentrator is converted by microwave And an extraction evaporation chamber, wherein the microwave transducer comprises a central tube made of a microwave permeable material, an outer jacket sleeve made of a material impervious to microwaves, and upper and lower end caps; The extraction evaporation chamber is partitioned into a plurality of compartments by a partition plate. The tops of the compartments are connected to the bottom of the central distribution tray in the extraction evaporation chamber, and the material circulation relationship therebetween is sealed by the distribution tray and the bottom of the compartment. The lower pass valve is controlled, and the microwave transducer and the extraction evaporation chamber form a loop through the upper and lower circulation tubes: the upper circulation tube extends from the microwave exchange buffer outlet into the center of the stroke evaporation chamber and The central distribution plate is connected; the lower circulation pipe is equipped with a forced circulation pump. In order to filter the solid phase material fragments of Pra and to reduce the operational blockage, the microwave exchange 1343253.. < can also include upper and lower filter members. For example, the grating members can be provided by upper and lower gratings and between them. Multi-layer porcelain ring. The central tube of the microwave transducer is made of a microwave permeable material such as fluoroplastic, high temperature resistant tempered glass or ceramic, and the outer sleeve is made of, for example, polished aluminum, copper or stainless steel. Made of materials that cannot be penetrated by microwaves. Dividing the extraction evaporation chamber into a compartment equal to the number of extraction sections according to the number of extraction sections, the number of valves on the central distribution plate of the compartment and the number of valves under the bottom of the compartment and the number of bypass valves It should also be equal to the number of extraction points. This design allows the evaporation chamber cross-sectional area to be several times the cross-sectional area of each compartment', which not only facilitates evaporation and vapor-liquid separation, but also eliminates the various fractional extraction fluid storage tanks in conventional process designs. On the lower circulation section connecting the microwave transducer and the extraction evaporation chamber, a forced circulation pump is also installed to use as a forced circulation pump during the evaporation concentration process due to the increase in material viscosity to an unfavorable natural circulation. If the system is to be extracted in a non-boiling state, a circulation pump is also used. The circulator pump outlet can also draw a pipe 'connected to the feed port of the extraction evaporation chamber, and at the initial stage of evaporation concentration, 'pump the extraction stock solution from other compartments to the concentrated compartment in operation' to maintain optimal criticality. The liquid level ensures a stable natural circulation of the fluidized bed. The circulation pump may be a diaphragm pump, a centrifugal pump, a Nessler pump, a piston pump or the like. The top outlet of the extraction evaporation chamber can also be connected to a condenser, such as a column/tubular condenser, to extract the microwave refining traditional Chinese medicine system of the invention at a low temperature, which facilitates condensation of the evaporated solvent and recovery of the recovered material. Volatile component. When handling heat sensitive materials, such as materials to be processed, it is required to operate below the boiling point of -10 1343253 * » • 1 * at atmospheric pressure to avoid overheating decomposition, bumping or deterioration, either at the top of the extraction evaporation chamber or at The condenser terminal is connected to the vacuum system, and the microwave refining Chinese medicine system of the present invention can be operated under vacuum. Sometimes, a vacuum operation is introduced during the concentration of the concentrated liquid to prevent the material from being hardened. In order to prevent material loss and further separation of steam and liquid foam, a foam defoaming device is installed in the upper part of the extraction evaporation chamber. Another feature of the present invention is the use of a 915 MHz microwave having a large penetration depth, whereby a relatively large-sized microwave transducer can be fabricated to accommodate industrial beta expansion. According to the requirements of the actual production capacity, the microwave transducers can also be combined in different combinations in a parallel superposition manner, so that the production capacity is multiplied by the number of stages. According to the present invention, the extractor dryer can be various conventional drying equipment. Preferably, an in-oil thermal drum thin film evaporative drying dehydrator is employed. The dry dewatering machine uses built-in electric heating organic oil and maintains a constant temperature to supply heat, not only the structure of the equipment is relatively tight, but also the purpose of removing the steam boiler. The powder packaging device in the system of the present invention includes a pulverizer, a vibrating screen, a self-unloading packaging machine, and other general-purpose equipment, all of which can be selected according to a sizing apparatus. The invention has the beneficial effects of using microwave energy to replace and remove heat sources such as open flame, direct electric heat and watt steam which are dependent on heat transfer surface heat transfer, uniform heating and eliminate defects such as deposit of scale deposit and local overheated coking of materials: numerous workers The operation of the art unit is concentrated in the integrated multi-functional microwave extraction evaporating concentrator to complete the extraction efficiency by 1-3 times. The dehydration and drying of the extract is shortened from the current tens of hours to several minutes; the equipment investment can be reduced by 5 -1 0 times, also streamlined the workshop operators; replaced the 11- 1343253. 9' bulky and polluting open flame and steam equipment with automated non-polluting microwave devices; therefore, it saves raw materials, shortens the process, and is easy to control and improve. Production efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and reducing investment costs 'protect the environment, easy to promote and so on. The microwave extraction and evaporation concentrator of the invention has reasonable design, uniform heating, no fouling, no coking, and proper use of natural circulation and forced pump auxiliary circulation to selectively use vacuum and thermoelectric sensitive thermometers, so that it can be used according to actual production needs. Make various adaptive adjustments. This is not possible with open flames, direct electric heating or steam heating. The system of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. [Embodiment] The system for microwave refining of traditional Chinese medicine shown in Fig. 1 is one of the embodiments of the present invention. This embodiment is composed of a microwave generator 1, a microwave extraction evaporation concentrator 36, an oil internal thermal drum film evaporation drying dehydrator 27, a storage hopper 31, a mechanical pulverizer 32, a vibration inquiry 33' automatic packaging machine; The waveguide 2 and various pipes and valves are sequentially connected; wherein the microwave extraction evaporation concentrator 36 includes a microwave transducer 3 and an extraction evaporation chamber 9. Briefly, the microwave emitted by the microwave generator 1 is introduced into the annulus in the outer jacket tube 5 of the microwave transducer 3 through the waveguide 2, and then passes through the central tube 4 to transfer energy to the solid phase in the central tube 4. The material is subjected to extraction and evaporation concentration (described in detail below); after the extraction and evaporation concentration is completed, the concentrated extract is sent from the lower opening of the extraction evaporation chamber 9 to the trough 28, and then adhered by the roller 29 in a thin manner. The surface of the drum of the oil-heating drum thin film evaporative drying dehydrator 27; the dry material which is evaporated to remove moisture is scraped off by the scraper 30 and falls into the storage hopper 3 .. 1343253..
i ' I 然後送到機械粉碎機3 2粉碎，震動篩3 3過篩，即得到固相 物料之提取粉劑’再由自動包裝機34包裝成藥包35。 —般地’油內熱式轉鼓薄膜蒸發乾燥脫水機的操作時間 ‘ 爲1 -2分鐘。實際生產運作時，若浸膏經過脫水機還含有較 - 多水分：需要將蒸發濃縮操作時間梢加延長，調整至合適。 現在參見第2d〜6圖，圖中示出本發明的微波萃取蒸 發濃縮器的結構示意圖’它包括微波換能器3和萃取蒸發室 9。除了微波換能器外’微波萃取蒸發濃縮器的其他部分， ^ 可用普通鋼、鋁、纖維塑膠、不銹鋼、搪瓷、陶瓷或襯塗材 料（玻璃、纖維塗層 '耐酸陶瓷、花崗岩、石英岩、輝綠岩、 石墨等以抗酸鹼腐蝕）製造。 微波換能器3是由中央管4置於外夾套管5內，加設上、 下端蓋6a、6b封口構成密封管，如第圖和2_2所示。中 央管4採用氟塑料、耐高溫鋼化玻璃或陶瓷等微波可穿透的 材料製成；外夾套管5採用表面經拋光的鋁、銅或不銹鋼等 微波不能穿透的材料製成。微波換能器3兩端還設有上、下 鲁 濾柵構件7 a、7 b，所述濾柵構件7 a、7 b例如由上、下層濾 柵以及其間設置的不同尺寸的數層瓷環構成。設置濾柵構件 . 是爲了隔濾固相物料碎片及減少操作堵塞。 從第2-】圖至2-6可見，萃取蒸發室9用分隔板16分 隔成分隔室I、II和II〗，用於三段萃取操作，按分段需要使 •用相應的分隔室。所述的分隔室上設置圓盤形中央分配盤 Η ’它通過下通閥12、13、14分別與各分隔室〗、Π、ΙΠ 相通。各分隔室底部也設置了下通閥1 7、1 8、1 9，用來控制i ' I is then sent to a mechanical pulverizer 3 2 for pulverization, and a vibrating screen 3 3 is sifted to obtain an extract powder of solid phase material, which is then packaged into a drug pack 35 by an automatic packaging machine 34. In general, the operating time of the 'in-oil thermal drum thin film evaporative drying dehydrator' is 1-2 minutes. In the actual production operation, if the extract passes through the dehydrator, it also contains more water: it is necessary to extend the evaporative concentration operation time and adjust it to the appropriate level. Referring now to Figures 2d to 6, there is shown a schematic structural view of the microwave extraction evaporation concentrator of the present invention, which comprises a microwave transducer 3 and an extraction evaporation chamber 9. In addition to microwave transducers, the other parts of the microwave extraction evaporation concentrator, ^ can be used in ordinary steel, aluminum, fiber plastic, stainless steel, enamel, ceramic or lining materials (glass, fiber coating 'acid-resistant ceramics, granite, quartzite, Phalanite, graphite, etc. are manufactured with acid and alkali corrosion resistance. The microwave transducer 3 is placed in the outer jacket tube 5 by the central tube 4, and the upper and lower end covers 6a, 6b are sealed to form a sealed tube, as shown in the figures and 2-2. The central tube 4 is made of a microwave permeable material such as fluoroplastic, high temperature resistant tempered glass or ceramic; the outer sleeve 5 is made of a material that is not transparent to microwaves such as polished aluminum, copper or stainless steel. The microwave transducer 3 is further provided with upper and lower Lu filter members 7 a, 7 b at the two ends, and the grating members 7 a, 7 b are, for example, upper and lower gratings and a plurality of layers of porcelain of different sizes disposed therebetween. Ring composition. The filter grid member is provided to isolate the solid material fragments and reduce the operational blockage. As can be seen from Fig. 2-] to 2-6, the extraction evaporation chamber 9 is partitioned into compartments I, II and II by a partition plate 16, for three-stage extraction operation, and the corresponding compartments are required for segmentation. . The compartment is provided with a disc-shaped central distribution disc ’ ' which communicates with the compartments Π, Π, ΙΠ through the lower-pass valves 12, 13, 14 respectively. The bottom of each compartment is also provided with a down valve 17 , 18 , 19 for control
1343253. I · I 各分隔室I、Π、1丨1與微波換能器3的連通。 微波換能器3與萃取蒸發室9兩者之間通過上循環管10 與下循環管38構成迴路，見第2-1圖。上循環管1〇從微波 換能器3出口延伸進入萃取蒸發室9中央與中央分配盤η 連接。下循環管38配備有強制循環泵8,以備在蒸發濃縮過 程中’如果物料稠度過黏，不利於自然循環時，通過強制循 環栗8實現物料強制循環。若系統在非沸騰狀態下萃取，也 需要使用循環泵8。此外，萃取蒸發室9的各分隔室I、II 和ΙΠ通過設置旁通閥與該循環泵8相連，並從泵出口引一 條管道接到萃取蒸發室頂部的加料口 3 7。這樣，在蒸發濃縮 初期時’適當控制中央分配盤11上面的下通閥〗2、13、14 以及分隔室底部相對應的旁通閥20、21、22的開關，循環 泵8就可以從靜態分隔室抽取萃取儲液由加料口 3 7泵送進 入中央分配盤1 1，使萃取儲液補充到正在操作之分隔室， 以維持在最佳液位操作，保證得到穩定的沸騰床自然循環狀 態。強制循環泵8可選用隔膜泵、離心泵、納氏泵、活塞泵 等。下通閥和旁通閥可選用柱塞閥或電磁閥等。 —般情況下，只在料液蒸發濃縮後期或進行非沸騰狀態 萃取時才啓動強制循環泵8。本發明萃取蒸發室採用了多個 分隔室設計，方便有效地利用高液位。從第2圖可以清楚看 到，分隔室與換能器構成U形循環迴路。蒸發濃縮時，微波 換能器3的中央管4內爲沸騰的汽液混合相，U型循環迴路 的另一端爲分隔室，其內爲經汽液蒸發分離後的純液相，由 此形成水壓差，推動液流由重度大的純液柱一方（即分隔 -14- 1343253 · I 1 · > 室）’向重度較小的汽液混合柱一方（即中央管4 )循環流動。 在操作過程中，只要純液柱水位足夠地高，就可以提供系統 自身循環流動的推動力。 • 爲了防止物料流失以及使蒸汽與液沫充分分離，本發明 - 的萃取蒸發室9還裝設破泡除沫裝置15。 按照蒸發要求’蒸發室的橫斷面積要足夠大，以保證蒸 汽的斷面流速足夠地小，帶出液滴量少。根據不同物料起泡 情況以及相應選用的容許斷面蒸汽流速，計算得到的必需蒸 ^ 發室斷面尺寸，遠遠大於單個萃取室的斷面尺寸。本發明的 分隔室設計有利於蒸發濃縮。如第2圖所示，蒸發室斷面是 每個別萃取液儲存室的三倍，對汽液分離有利。設備結構相 對地省工省料和更加緊湊，常規流程上的各分段萃取液儲 罐、泵和管件就被精簡掉了。 要處理某些熱敏感物料，例如薄荷、荆芥、連翹、麻黃、 細辛、砂仁、桂枝等’可採用諸如酒精等溶劑在低溫下萃取❶ 這時蒸發室頂部出口最好連接冷凝裝置，如列管冷凝器，使 蒸汽帶走的溶劑如酒精冷凝回流，並收集製得之具升散功能 的有用精油。假如物料介質工藝要求在常壓時的沸點以下操 . 作’例如某些成份要避免過熱分解、暴沸或變質；這時，只 要再接上真空系統’就可以讓本發明微波煉製中藥的系統在 該真空度的沸點（低於常壓沸點）操作。當濃縮收膏之後階 ' 段，要防止物料變焦硬，也要將本發明的系統轉入真空操 作。由於真空關係，系統的沸點下降，避免物料的過熱焦化。 需要注意’微波濃縮不要把溶劑蒸乾，否則物料可能會 1343253. 迅速升溫、冒煙 '焦化、著火 '爆炸。故收膏後期最好選定 適當的操作溫度，採用低溫低微波功率進行。 本發明另一個優點是微波換能器3可以根據實際生產能 ‘ 力的要求，按並聯方式組成不同的組合，使生產能力以級數 • 倍增’見第3圖。第3圖所示爲微波換能器並聯組合的示意 圖，其中蒸發萃取室並聯連接兩台微波換能器構成兩個U形 循環迴路。通過這樣的並聯組合，設備的萃取蒸發濃縮能力 可按算術級數1 ' 2、3、4……η倍地增加。只待通過模擬實 ^ 驗室系統實測數據處理後，即可對應工業用微波發生器功率 大小系列，配套上相應的換能器。本發明的設備可以定型 化、規範化、標準化。 爲方便控制和觀察，萃取蒸發室設置照明視窗23和觀 察視窗24、氣相溫度計25和液相溫度計26。若將視窗24 設計在I分隔區，可同時用作液面計。 可通過導入微波能源輸出功率來調整本發明系統的傳 質 '傳熱速度。液相測溫計採用供自動控制用的熱電敏感溫 度計，可調控微波能源輸出功率，隨意恆溫操控》 按照本發明的一優選實施方案中，使用的微波頻率爲 _ 9 1 5MHz，因此爲保證介質均能受到微波透射，微波換能器 的中央管的最大臨界半徑應小於微波在該介質中的有效滲 透深度。例如91 5MHz微波在95 °C水中的有效滲透深度約爲 • 3 0 cm ;故以水爲操作介質時，中央管的最大臨界半徑應爲 3 0 cm。而外夾套管與中央管的環隙尺寸，即徑向環隙和環隙 的高度，應各爲微波半波長（0.3 2 8m + 2=0.164m)的整數倍， 1343253·1343253. I · I The communication between each compartment I, Π, 1丨1 and the microwave transducer 3. The microwave transducer 3 and the extraction evaporation chamber 9 form a circuit between the upper circulation pipe 10 and the lower circulation pipe 38, see Fig. 2-1. The upper circulation pipe 1〇 extends from the outlet of the microwave transducer 3 into the center of the extraction evaporation chamber 9 to be connected to the central distribution plate η. The lower circulation pipe 38 is equipped with a forced circulation pump 8 in preparation for the forced circulation of the material by the forced circulation of the pump 8 when the material consistency is too thick and is not conducive to natural circulation during the evaporation concentration process. If the system is extracted in a non-boiling state, a circulation pump 8 is also required. Further, each of the compartments I, II and ΙΠ of the extraction evaporation chamber 9 is connected to the circulation pump 8 by providing a bypass valve, and a pipe from the pump outlet is connected to the feed port 37 at the top of the extraction evaporation chamber. Thus, in the initial stage of evaporation concentration, the switch of the bypass valve 20, 21, 22 on the bottom of the central distribution tray 11 and the corresponding bypass valves 20, 21, 22 at the bottom of the compartment can be controlled from the static The extraction chamber extracting and storing liquid is pumped from the feeding port 37 into the central distribution plate 1 1, so that the extracted liquid is replenished to the working compartment to maintain the optimal liquid level operation, ensuring a stable boiling bed natural circulation state. . The forced circulation pump 8 can be selected from a diaphragm pump, a centrifugal pump, a Nessler pump, a piston pump, and the like. A plunger valve or a solenoid valve may be used for the down valve and the bypass valve. In general, the forced circulation pump 8 is started only during the late stage of evaporation of the liquid or during the non-boiling extraction. The extraction evaporation chamber of the present invention employs a plurality of compartment designs to facilitate efficient use of high liquid levels. As can be clearly seen from Fig. 2, the compartment and the transducer form a U-shaped circulation loop. When evaporating and concentrating, the central tube 4 of the microwave transducer 3 is a boiling vapor-liquid mixed phase, and the other end of the U-shaped circulation loop is a compartment in which a pure liquid phase separated by vapor-liquid evaporation is formed, thereby forming The water pressure difference pushes the liquid flow from the heavily large pure liquid column side (ie, the partition -14 - 1343253 · I 1 · > chamber) to the less severe vapor-liquid mixing column side (ie, the central tube 4). During operation, as long as the pure liquid column water level is high enough, it can provide the driving force for the system's own circulating flow. • In order to prevent material loss and to sufficiently separate the vapor from the liquid foam, the extraction evaporation chamber 9 of the present invention is further provided with a foam defoaming device 15. According to the evaporation requirement, the cross-sectional area of the evaporation chamber should be large enough to ensure that the cross-sectional flow velocity of the vapor is sufficiently small to bring out a small amount of droplets. According to the foaming conditions of different materials and the corresponding allowable section steam flow rate, the calculated steaming chamber section size is much larger than the section size of a single extraction chamber. The compartment design of the present invention facilitates evaporation condensation. As shown in Figure 2, the evaporation chamber section is three times that of each of the extract storage chambers, which is advantageous for vapor-liquid separation. The equipment structure is relatively labor-saving and more compact, and the segmented extract tanks, pumps and fittings on the conventional process are streamlined. To treat certain heat sensitive materials, such as peppermint, schizonepeta, forsythia, ephedra, asarum, amomum, cassia twig, etc., can be extracted at low temperature by using a solvent such as alcohol. At this time, the top outlet of the evaporation chamber is preferably connected to the condensing device. For example, the tube condenser is used to condense and return the solvent taken away by the vapor, such as alcohol, and collect the useful essential oil with the function of lifting. If the material medium process is required to operate below the boiling point of atmospheric pressure, for example, 'some ingredients should avoid overheating decomposition, bumping or deterioration; then, just connect the vacuum system', the microwave refining system of the invention can be made. Operate at the boiling point of the vacuum (below the atmospheric boiling point). When the stage of the paste is concentrated, to prevent the material from being hardened, the system of the present invention is also transferred to a vacuum operation. Due to the vacuum relationship, the boiling point of the system is reduced to avoid overheating and coking of the material. Need to pay attention to 'Microwave concentration, do not evaporate the solvent, otherwise the material may be 1343253. Rapidly warm up, smoke 'coking, catching fire' explosion. Therefore, it is best to select the appropriate operating temperature at the end of the paste collection, using low temperature and low microwave power. Another advantage of the present invention is that the microwave transducer 3 can be assembled in a parallel manner according to the actual production energy requirements, and the production capacity can be multiplied by the number of stages. See Fig. 3. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a parallel combination of microwave transducers in which two evaporative extraction chambers are connected in parallel to form two U-shaped loops. With such a parallel combination, the extraction evaporative concentration of the device can be increased by an arithmetic progression of 1 ', 3, 4, ..., η times. Only after the actual measurement data of the simulation laboratory system is processed, it can correspond to the power series of industrial microwave generators, and the corresponding transducers are matched. The apparatus of the present invention can be finalized, standardized, and standardized. For ease of control and observation, the extraction evaporation chamber is provided with an illumination window 23 and an observation window 24, a gas phase thermometer 25 and a liquid phase thermometer 26. If the window 24 is designed in the I partition, it can be used as a level gauge at the same time. The mass transfer heat transfer rate of the system of the present invention can be adjusted by introducing microwave energy output power. The liquid phase thermometer adopts a thermoelectric sensitive thermometer for automatic control, which can regulate the microwave energy output power, and can be controlled at random temperature. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microwave frequency used is _ 9 15 MHz, so the medium is guaranteed. Both can be transmitted by microwave, and the maximum critical radius of the central tube of the microwave transducer should be less than the effective penetration depth of the microwave in the medium. For example, the effective penetration depth of the 91 5MHz microwave in 95 °C water is about 30 cm; therefore, when water is used as the operating medium, the maximum critical radius of the central tube should be 30 cm. The size of the annulus of the outer sleeve and the central tube, that is, the height of the radial annulus and the annulus, shall be integer multiples of the microwave half-wavelength (0.3 2 8m + 2 = 0.164m), 1343253·
• ' * II 以求使環隙產生駐波幹擾和共震的機會最少。爲防止發生微 波駐波共震，不能讓微波換能器空負荷操作。 根據工藝要求，決定蒸發萃取室的分隔室數目以及各段 * 分隔室的有效容積，並應滿足下式： • 物料固液相容積和=中央管內有效塡充容積+蒸發室 單段萃取液有效儲存液容積+連接管段之充液容積。 在本發明的系統內對實際操作的物料進行模擬實測，確 定本系統獲得穩定沸騰床自然循環操作時的最佳液面操作 ® 高度，這些都爲本領域技術人員能夠確定的。 在模擬實驗中，通過不同尺寸的中央管，根據實際物料 實測來決定其臨界尺寸。根據小功率模擬實測：8 0 0瓦微波 爐中，模擬中央管直徑從1 8 cm變至7 cm，每小時蒸發水量 無顯著差別，這提示微波技術與傳統傳熱傳質過程不同，不 存在傳熱面的槪念，提示建立穩定的沸騰床狀態之實測參數 的重要意義。 由模擬實驗測定穩定沸騰床狀態之最小靜液柱臨界 値，以及此時對應的中央管直徑。結合前述的有效容積等 式’計算得蒸發室直徑；其値應大於或取其等於實測容許蒸 發強度要求之直徑。 現在結合附圖說明本發明系統的操作方法。 將医I相物料切成粒、段及篩選清洗乾淨（粉狀物料先行 • 用小濾袋包裝），卸除上端螺旋蓋6a和上端濾柵構件7a，從 •中央管4上方之加料口加入。裝塡好固相物料後，裝回濾柵 構件7a ’將下卸渣口和上加料口的螺旋蓋6a、6b封口上緊。 -17- 1343253· * * ·(， 從萃取蒸發室的加料口 3 7加入適量的萃取溶劑，例如水， 直至達到最小靜液臨界高度，即系統獲得沸騰床自然循環操 作之最佳靜液面高度。然後，開啓微波發生器1。發出的微 波由波導管2導入換能器3的環隙，穿透中央管4，將能量 ‘ 傳給固液相物料介質，激發介質中的極性分子旋轉、震動、 摩擦生熱’達成萃取蒸發濃縮過程的傳質、傳熱工藝要求。 較佳地’加入的固相物料量可按有效充塡容積比計算確 $ 定’以使物料與溶劑在中央管4內穩定地沸騰。中藥萃取的 重量固液比—般是1: 3 - 1: 10，視乎所選取的溶劑和需處 理的物料而定。 本發明的系統運行的最佳狀態是穩定的沸騰床狀態，即 固相物料不能沉在中央管4底部，也不能升到中央管4頂 部’而是浮在管內不斷地翻騰。可通過控制微波源輸出功 率、物料用量和固液配比來調節系統的沸騰床狀態》 若需要在常壓沸點以下操作，可啓動強制循環泵8，進 彳了非沸騰床狀態萃取。處理熱敏感物料時，可使用酒精作爲 馨 溶劑’在萃取蒸發室頂部出口連接冷凝和/或真空系統，進 行低溫萃取。 . 如第2圖所示，按三段萃取要求，萃取蒸發室9被分隔 板16分成三個分隔室I、n、m，分別儲存一、二、三段萃 取液。 ' 進行第一段萃取時，打開下通閥1 2、1 7，關閉其餘的下 通閥和旁通閥，使分隔室I與微波換能器構成U形循環迴 路。這樣，來自微波換能器3的萃取液只能流往分隔室I。 -18- 1343253· 參1 · » 若控制中央管4內的物料處於沸騰狀態，汽液上升可推動循 環迴路的液體進入穩定的自然循環。由於採用了微波強化了 傳質傳熱’再加上本發明利用溶劑自然循環或強制泵循環流 動的合理結構，所以生產過程所需要的時間大大減少。 每隔適當時間，如20-30分鐘，從微波換能器3的下料 □取樣分析濃度。若連續兩次所測濃度値相等，即表明萃取 過程達到平衡濃度要求。第一段萃取完成。關閉下通閥1 2、 1 7 ’打開下通閥1 3、1 8，即讓分隔室II投入運作。然後從 萃取蒸發室9的加料口 37加入溶劑，進行第二段萃取。餘 下各段操作可類推。 依次完成一、二、三段萃取後，將各分隔室底部的下通 閥1 7、1 8、1 9關上。先打開下端螺旋蓋6b上之排液閥，將 中央管內存液排淨。然後卸除上、下螺旋蓋6a、6b及上、 下濾柵構件7 a ' 7 b。卸下固相料渣並將中央管4例如用水沖 洗乾淨。擰緊上、下螺旋蓋6a、6b，繼續進行蒸發濃縮操作。 蒸發濃縮時不需要裝設上、下濾柵構件7 a、7 b。 蒸發濃縮開始前，關閉與分隔室II、IΠ相通的下通閥 1 3、1 4、1 8、1 9 ’打開分隔室I相應的下通閥1 2、1 7。這時， 只有分隔室I與微波換能器3構成U形循環迴路。爲使II、 ΙΠ分隔室的萃取儲液不斷補充到分隔室I，以及使分隔室I 維持在最佳自然循環液位高度，關閉分隔室I的旁通閥20， 打開與分隔室Π和III相對應的旁通閥2 1和22，使分隔室 Π和III與強制循環泵8相連，由管道將泵出口連接到萃取 蒸發室9的加料口 3 7。這樣，分隔室11和111的萃取儲液就 -19- 1343253· 可以通過中央分配盤11上的下通閥】2補充進入分隔室I， 以維持自然循環的最佳液位高度；多餘的補充液會從分隔板 16頂部溢流回分隔室Π和111。 ' 分隔室II和III內的萃取儲液就這樣被強制循環泵8泵 • 送到操作中之分隔室I，直至料液耗盡。然後，關閉旁通閥 2 1、22，繼續蒸發濃縮操作。由於分隔室I沒有了萃取儲液 補充，其操作液位開始下降，即分隔室I內不能維持在自然 循環的最佳液位高度，同時物料粘度逐漸增大而導致循環不 W 理想；這時可以開啓強制循環泵以幫助物料循環。 蒸發濃縮過程中浸膏應含有合適的水份和溫度，確保浸 膏不發生物料過熱分解變質或焦化。猶其對熱敏感物料，最 好在蒸發濃縮後期引入真空，以避免發生這樣的問題。 蒸發濃縮完成後，浸膏被送到料槽2 8，由滾子29將浸 膏薄薄地粘附在油內熱式轉鼓薄膜蒸發乾燥脫水機27的轉 鼓表面上’大約1-2分鐘，浸膏就被蒸乾，由刮刀30刮下 ^ 乾燥物料’落入儲料斗3 1中；然後送到機械粉碎機32粉碎， 震動篩3 3過篩，即得到固相物料之提取粉劑，再由自動包 裝機3 4包裝成有防潮鋁箔層之密封包裝好的藥包3 5。若浸 . 膏經油內熱式轉鼓薄膜蒸發乾燥脫水機2 7乾燥得不充分， 只要稍微延長蒸發濃縮的操作時間即可》 以下’結合中成藥“風熱靈，，的製備，進一步描述本發明 的技術方案。 ' “風熱靈”是水翁花水煎提取物濃縮脫水粉劑，能防治風 熱流感疫症，包括“SARS”。曾有一患風熱流感病例，經注射 -20- 1343253. · > '' l 抗生素後高燒，兩日內煎服陳年水翁花】20g’熱淨康復。需 要注意，未經陳煉尤其未成熟之水翁花易使人嘔吐。 取600g水翁花，篩淨、揀除未成熟之細小淡色花蕾及 ^ 碎枝梗後，用清水漂洗，放入5000 cc耐熱玻璃容器內，加 • 入水至4000 cc刻度。置1，200W可調溫微波爐內，以最大功 率加熱至沸騰：繼以9 0 °C恆溫萃取1 2小時並濾取萃取液， 第一段萃取完成。再先後加入兩次清水至4000 cc刻度，完 成第二、三段萃取。微波功率調至最大、恆溫掣調至1 〇〇°C， ^ 將所得萃取液進行沸騰蒸發濃縮。 濃縮液慢慢變成膠稠狀，表面出現一層稠膜’即行調溫 至8 0°C，微波功率調至中等，直至有乾固感。這時應調至最 低微波功率和溫度調至50°C，減慢操作速度，並間斷翻動物 料。（若微波功率過高，會形成乾固包膜並引起乾透的表面 焦化。）經5 0°C慢速乾燥處理，用粉碎機將乾燥脫水後的物 料粉碎，過篩，即得到成品藥粉_“風熱靈”。 水翁花製備“風熱靈”的得率爲20%。 給一個患有風熱流行感冒的1 3歲女童沖服風熱靈6g。 服藥後數分鐘，該女童的喉痛及背惡寒退減、退燒。 . 以上，對本發明的優選實施方案進行了描述，但此方案 對本發明並沒有任何限制作用。在不脫離本發明精神的基礎 上，本領域技術人員可對本發明作各種改變和變換。這樣的 ' 改變和變換均落在本發明的保護範圍之內。 【圖式簡單說明】 第】圖是本發明的一種微波煉製中藥的系統。 1343253 第2- 1圖是本發明的微波萃取蒸發濃縮器主剖視圖， 第2-2圖是微波萃取蒸發濃縮器俯視圖， 第2-3圖中央分配盤及其上的下通閥的截面圖， 第2-4圖是分隔室的截面圖， 第2-5圖是分隔室底部下通閥的截面圖， 第2-6圖是分隔室底部旁通閥的截面圖。 第3圖是兩台微波換能器並聯組合的示意圖。 【元件符號說明】• ' * II in order to minimize the chance of interference and co-seismic interference in the annulus. In order to prevent the occurrence of microwave standing wave co-seismic, the microwave transducer cannot be operated at an empty load. According to the process requirements, determine the number of compartments in the evaporation chamber and the effective volume of each section* compartment, and should satisfy the following formula: • Material solid-liquid volume and = effective volume in the central tube + single-stage extraction in the evaporation chamber Effective storage volume + filling volume of the connecting pipe section. Simulated measurements of the actual materials in the system of the present invention determine the optimum level of operation ® height at which the system achieves a steady-state fluidized bed natural circulation operation, which can be determined by those skilled in the art. In the simulation experiment, the critical dimensions of the actual material are determined by the actual size of the central tube. According to the low-power simulation: in the microwave oven, the diameter of the simulated central tube changed from 18 cm to 7 cm, and there was no significant difference in the amount of evaporation per hour. This suggests that the microwave technology is different from the traditional heat and mass transfer process, and there is no transmission. The enthusiasm of the hot surface suggests the importance of establishing the measured parameters of the stable boiling bed state. The minimum hydrostatic column critical enthalpy of the steady ebullating bed state is determined by a simulation experiment, and the corresponding central tube diameter at this time. The diameter of the evaporation chamber is calculated in conjunction with the aforementioned effective volume equation; the enthalpy should be greater than or equal to the diameter required to determine the allowable evaporation strength. The method of operation of the system of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Cut the medical phase I material into pellets, sections and screens cleaned (powdered material first • packed in small filter bags), remove the upper screw cap 6a and the upper end grating member 7a, and add from the feeding port above the central tube 4. . After the solid phase material is mounted, the refilling filter member 7a' tightens the lower slag opening and the screw caps 6a, 6b of the upper feed port. -17- 1343253· * * · (, from the extraction port of the extraction evaporation chamber 3 7 to add an appropriate amount of extraction solvent, such as water, until the minimum hydrostatic critical height is reached, that is, the system obtains the best hydrostatic surface for the natural circulation operation of the fluidized bed Then, the microwave generator 1 is turned on. The emitted microwave is introduced into the annulus of the transducer 3 by the waveguide 2, penetrates the central tube 4, and transmits energy to the medium of the solid-liquid material to excite the polar molecules in the medium. , vibration, friction heat generation 'achieves the mass transfer and heat transfer process requirements of the extraction evaporation concentration process. Preferably, the amount of solid phase material added can be calculated according to the effective volume ratio to make the material and solvent in the center. The tube 4 is stably boiled. The weight-to-liquid ratio of the extraction of the traditional Chinese medicine is generally 1:3 - 1:10, depending on the solvent selected and the material to be treated. The optimal state of operation of the system of the present invention is stable. The state of the ebullating bed, that is, the solid phase material can not sink to the bottom of the central tube 4, nor can it rise to the top of the central tube 4, but floats continuously in the tube. It can control the microwave source output power, material dosage and solid-liquid distribution. More than Boiling bed state of the system system If it is necessary to operate below the normal pressure boiling point, the forced circulation pump 8 can be started to extract the non-boiling bed state. When the heat sensitive material is treated, alcohol can be used as the sweet solvent 'on the top of the extraction evaporation chamber The outlet is connected to the condensing and/or vacuum system for low temperature extraction. As shown in Fig. 2, according to the three-stage extraction requirement, the extraction evaporation chamber 9 is divided into three compartments I, n, m by the partition plate 16, and one is stored separately. , two or three stages of extract. ' For the first stage of extraction, open the lower valve 1 2, 17 7 and close the remaining lower and bypass valves to make the compartment I and the microwave transducer form a U-shaped cycle. In this way, the extract from the microwave transducer 3 can only flow to the compartment I. -18- 1343253· 参1 · » If the material in the central tube 4 is controlled to be boiling, the vapor rise can push the circulation loop The liquid enters a stable natural circulation. Due to the use of microwave-enhanced mass transfer heat transfer', coupled with the rational structure of the present invention using natural circulation of the solvent or forced pump circulation, the time required for the production process is greatly reduced. At appropriate time, such as 20-30 minutes, the concentration is sampled from the blanking □ of the microwave transducer 3. If the measured concentrations are equal for two consecutive times, it indicates that the extraction process reaches the equilibrium concentration requirement. The first extraction is completed. The valve 1 2, 1 7 'opens the lower valve 13 3, 18, so that the compartment II is put into operation. Then, the solvent is added from the feeding port 37 of the extraction evaporation chamber 9 for the second extraction. The remaining sections can be operated. After completing the first, second and third stages of extraction, close the lower through valves 17 , 18 , and 19 at the bottom of each compartment. First open the drain valve on the lower screw cap 6b to drain the central tube. Then, the upper and lower screw caps 6a, 6b and the upper and lower grating members 7 a ' 7 b are removed. The solid phase slag is removed and the central tube 4 is rinsed, for example, with water. The upper and lower screw caps 6a, 6b are tightened, and the evaporation concentration operation is continued. It is not necessary to install the upper and lower grating members 7a, 7b when evaporating and concentrating. Before the start of evaporation concentration, the lower-pass valves 1 3, 14 4, 18, 1 9 ' that communicate with the compartments II, I 关闭 are closed to open the corresponding lower-pass valves 1 2, 17 of the compartment I. At this time, only the compartment I and the microwave transducer 3 constitute a U-shaped circulation loop. In order to continuously replenish the extraction stock of the II, ΙΠ compartment to the compartment I, and to maintain the compartment I at the optimum natural circulation level, the bypass valve 20 of the compartment I is closed, opening and compartment Π and III Corresponding bypass valves 2 1 and 22 connect the compartments III and III to the forced circulation pump 8 which connects the pump outlet to the feed port 37 of the extraction evaporation chamber 9. Thus, the extraction stock of the compartments 11 and 111 can be replenished into the compartment I through the lower through valve 2 on the central distribution plate 11 to maintain the optimum liquid level of the natural circulation; The liquid overflows from the top of the partitioning plate 16 back to the compartments 111 and 111. The extraction stock in the compartments II and III is thus pumped by the forced circulation pump 8 to the compartment I in operation until the stock is exhausted. Then, the bypass valves 2 1 and 22 are closed, and the evaporation concentration operation is continued. Since the compartment I does not have the extraction liquid replenishment, the operating liquid level begins to decrease, that is, the optimum liquid level in the natural circulation can not be maintained in the compartment I, and the viscosity of the material gradually increases, resulting in an undesirable cycle; Turn on the forced circulation pump to help the material cycle. During the evaporation and concentration process, the extract should contain suitable moisture and temperature to ensure that the extract does not undergo superheat decomposition or coking. It is also preferred to introduce a vacuum in the heat sensitive material, preferably at the end of the evaporation concentration, to avoid such problems. After the evaporation concentration is completed, the extract is sent to the trough 2, and the extract 29 is thinly adhered by the roller 29 to the surface of the drum of the oil-driven thermal drum thin film evaporative dehydrator 27 for about 1-2 minutes. The extract is evaporated to dryness, scraped off by the scraper 30, and the dried material 'falls into the storage hopper 31; then sent to the mechanical pulverizer 32 for pulverization, and the vibrating sieve 3 3 is sieved to obtain the extracted powder of the solid phase material, and then It is packaged by a self-packaging machine 34 into a sealed packaged package 35 with a moisture-proof aluminum foil layer. If the dip. paste through the oil in the hot drum drying evaporative drying dehydrator 2 7 is not enough to dry, as long as the evaporative concentration of the operation time can be extended a little" the following 'in combination with the Chinese patent medicine" wind heat, preparation, further description of this The technical scheme of the invention. '"Wind-heating spirit" is a concentrated dehydrated powder of Shui Wenhua decoction extract, which can prevent and control wind-flush flu epidemic, including "SARS". There was a case of wind-heat flu, which was injected -20-1343253 · > '' l High fever after antibiotics, decoction in the next two days, watering flowers] 20g 'hot recovery. Need to pay attention to, not smelting, especially immature water is easy to vomit. Take 600g water, After sieving, removing the immature small pastel flower buds and ^ broken branches, rinse with water, put them into a 5000 cc heat-resistant glass container, add water to the 4000 cc scale, and set the 1,200W temperature-controlled microwave oven to the maximum. The power is heated to boiling: followed by constant temperature extraction at 90 °C for 12 hours and filtration of the extract, the first stage of extraction is completed. Then add two times of water to 4000 cc mark to complete the second and third stage extraction. Microwave power adjustment To the maximum, The temperature is adjusted to 1 〇〇 ° C, ^ The obtained extract is concentrated by boiling evaporation. The concentrated liquid gradually becomes a thick gel, and a thick film appears on the surface, that is, the temperature is adjusted to 80 ° C, and the microwave power is adjusted to medium. Until there is a dry feeling, then adjust to the lowest microwave power and temperature to 50 ° C, slow down the operation speed, and intermittently turn the animal material. (If the microwave power is too high, it will form a dry solid envelope and cause dryness. Surface coking.) Slowly drying at 50 °C, crushing the dried and dehydrated material with a pulverizer, and sieving, to obtain the finished powder _"Wind and Heat". Preparation of "Wind and Heat" by Water Wenhua The rate is 20%. Give a 13-year-old girl suffering from a wind-heat epidemic cold to Feng Ge Ling 6g. After a few minutes of taking the drug, the girl's sore throat and back aversion to cold and fever are reduced. Above, preferred for the present invention. The embodiments are described, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. Scope of protection of the invention BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a main cross-sectional view of a microwave extraction evaporation concentrator of the present invention, and Fig. 2-2 is a microwave extraction evaporation. Top view of the concentrator, sectional view of the central distribution plate and the lower-pass valve on the second to third figures, Figure 2-4 is a sectional view of the compartment, and Figure 2-5 is a sectional view of the lower-pass valve at the bottom of the compartment Figure 2-6 is a cross-sectional view of the bypass valve at the bottom of the compartment. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the parallel combination of two microwave transducers.
1 微 波 發 生 器 2 波 導 管 3 微 波 換 能 器 4 中 央 管 5 外 夾 套 管 6 a 上 J-UJ m 蓋 6b 下 端 蓋 7a 上 濾 柵 構 件 7b 下 濾 柵 構 件 8 泵 9 萃 取 蒸 發 室 10 上 循 環 管 11 中 央 分 配 盤 12 下 通 閥 13 下 通 閥 14 下 通 閥 -22-1 Microwave generator 2 Waveguide 3 Microwave transducer 4 Central tube 5 External clamping sleeve 6 a Upper J-UJ m Cover 6b Lower end cover 7a Upper grid member 7b Lower grid member 8 Pump 9 Extraction evaporation chamber 10 Tube 11 central distribution plate 12 down valve 13 down valve 14 down valve-22-