1321246 ΚΙ _Β7 _ 五、發明說明（/) 發明所屬之技術領域 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本發明係關於使用於液晶顯示裝置（以下，亦簡稱爲 LCD。）之偏光板之製造方法及具備有藉此方法製得的偏光 板之液晶顯示裝置。更詳細言之，係關於具有高光透過率 與高偏光率的偏光板之製造方法及液晶顯示裝置。 習知技術 LCD之使用於個人電腦等中，近年來急遽地增加著。 隨著LCD的用途之擴大，近年來有日益被使用於顯示器之 用途之趨勢。 偏光板之製造，係經由將PVA薄膜以具有雙色性之姚 . 或染料施以染色後，以硼酸或硼砂等進行交聯，製作成偏 光板。又，於染色製程及交聯製程之施行單軸拉伸，可在 ' 製程中施行，亦可在製程的前或後施行。染色製程及交聯 製程之後，通常係使用乾燥機進行乾燥，再用接著劑使其 與三乙醯纖維素（TAC)薄膜等之保護層貼合。 然而，用於液晶顯示裝置之偏光板，要求須透過率與 偏光度（率）皆高。亦即，使用於LCD等之顯示裝置之偏光 板，透過率若低，則偏光度雖高，透過之光的量會減少， 顯示會變暗。反之，透過率若高，則偏光度會降低致對比 會變差，因此，具有高透過率、高偏光度的特性之偏光板 是所殷切期望的。 然則，爲了將偏光板的透過率與偏光度（率）同時加以 提高，曾有過種種的嘗試，惟誠非易事。 發明所欲解決之課顆 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 1321246 A7 ^____ B7_____ 五、發明說明（i ) 本發明，爲解決習知的問題，而以提供兼具高透過率 與高偏光率之偏光板之製造方法及液晶顯示裝置爲目的。 用以解決課穎之羊跺 爲達成上述目的，本發明之偏光板之製造方法，係將 聚乙烯醇（PVA)薄膜以具有雙色性的性質之碘或染料染色 後，藉由交聯劑進行交聯，並在任一製程中使用輥施行拉 伸以製造偏光板；其特徵在於：以含具雙色性的性質之碘 或染料之染色浴將前述薄膜染色後，使其在含交聯劑之浴 中進行交聯時，由PVA成膜用原膜到染色處理後之拉伸倍 率爲1.01~ 4.5倍的範圍（惟，於染色浴中加入交聯劑之 . 場合也包含於染色中）；之後在含有交聯劑之交聯處理浴 以後之至少1浴中進行使其含有碘化物4~2〇重量％之浸漬 ' 處理，同時將交聯處理浴以後之拉伸倍率設爲3倍以下； 且，將自PVA成膜用原膜到最終製品之總拉伸倍率設爲 4.5~8倍之範圍。 上述中，所謂之「交聯處理浴以下」，除了包含交聯 處理浴之外，亦包含其他浴、或浴以外的拉伸（例如偏光 元件的乾燥中之拉伸）。又所謂之輥拉伸，係指除了於賴 間進行拉伸之外，亦包含沿著輥進行拉伸之場合。 上述方法中，碘化物以選自碘化鉀、碘化氫、碘化鋰 、碘化鈉及碘化鋅中之至少1種化合物爲佳。 上述方法中，染色浴溫度以20~45°C的範圍爲佳。 上述方法中，交聯浴溫度以5〇~7〇°C的範圍爲佳。 又，上述方法中，交聯劑以硼酸或硼砂爲佳。 5 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ---------------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1321246 A7 !__— B7 _ 五、發明說明（？） 本發明中’可對以上述方法製造之偏光板，以反射板 或半透過反射板施以積層，以形成反射型偏光板或半透過 反射板型偏光板。 又’可對以上述方法製造之偏光板，以相位差板或入 板施以積層，以形成橢圓或圓偏光板。 又’可對以上述方法製造之偏光板，以視角補償薄膜 施以積層，以形成偏光板。 又’可對以上述方法製造之偏光板，介在著接著劑或 黏著劑以亮度增進薄膜施以積層，以形成偏光板。 其次，本發明之液晶顯示裝置，其特徵在於，係於液 . 晶軍元之至少單側具備有依前述方法所製造之偏光板。 發明之實施形熊 本發明之偏光板之製造製程，係將偏光板的原材料之 PVA薄膜，經過膨潤、染色、拉伸、交聯、乾燥等之製程 ，而可得到具有偏光機能之偏光元件，其後，對該偏光元 件，用接著劑或黏著劑，與作爲保護層之TAC或聚對苯二 甲酸乙二醇酯（PET)等之薄膜貼合，製得偏光板。 偏光元件的製造製程中之膨潤、染色、拉伸、交聯的 4個製程’製程的先後順序，並無特別限定，且，可將該 • 4個製程分別施行或組合施行亦無妨。亦即，「拉伸製程 」通常以與「染色製程」及「交聯製程」同時施行者爲多 ’惟’以另外之製程施行亦可。又，染色製程及交聯製程 同時施行亦可。偏光板之製造，係於上述3製程之後，進 行乾燥’再將作爲保護層之三乙醯纖維素（TAC)薄膜、或 6 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格210x 297公爱） ---------------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1321246 A7 ____B7__ 五、發明說明（) 聚乙稀系樹脂或聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇醋（PET)薄膜等之薄 膜、聚苯乙烯系樹脂、聚碳酸酯系樹脂、聚降冰片烯系樹 脂或丙烯酸系樹脂的薄膜之透明薄膜，貼合於單側或兩側 而成。 本發明’係將經具有雙色性性質之含碘之染色浴染色 後之拉伸倍率（以下稱爲「前拉伸倍率」）定於l.〇l~4.5 倍的範圍。「前拉伸」係包含於染色浴前之施行洗淨、膨 潤、調濕、壓延等處理之場合的拉伸。將其後之交聯處理 浴以後的拉伸倍率（以下稱爲「後拉伸倍率」）定於3倍以 下而施行，並將前述前拉伸倍率與後拉伸倍率的合計之總 . 拉伸倍率定於4.5~8倍以下，依此進行製造。 此處，將前拉伸倍率定於1.01~4.5倍的範圍之理由 _ 在於，於此範圍內不會發生因染色造成之鬆驰或皺摺，且 拉伸之不均亦少之故。若未滿1.01倍，則薄膜會鬆垮， 於染色時該部分會發生染色不均之情形。又，若超過4.5 倍，則難以得到高透過率、高偏光度之偏光板。前拉伸倍 率以1.5~4.5倍的範圍爲佳，爲安定地得到高透過率、 高偏光度之偏光板，以2 · .0倍之範圍爲特佳。 又，將後拉伸倍率定於3.0倍以下之理由在於，在此 範圍下，PVA中的碘之定向性良好，拉伸薄膜之斷裂不易 發生之故，若超過3倍，則拉伸中的薄膜易發生斷裂之不 良情形。 以如此般的作法得到之偏光板，兼具有高透過率與高 偏光度兩方的特性。又，於染色浴中含有交聯劑之場合， 7 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） — If—— —-------- I------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1321246 A7 ___B7 五、發明說明（夂） 係作爲染色浴來使用’而非作爲交聯浴使用。亦即，係包 含於「前拉伸」。 此處，所謂之交聯處理以下之拉伸倍率（「後拉伸倍 率」）’並非單獨於交聯浴中的拉伸倍率，例如，於交聯 浴後設置有水洗浴之場合，亦包含該水洗浴中的拉伸倍率 ，再者，有偏光元件的乾燥處理之場合，亦包含該乾燥處 理中之拉伸倍率。亦即’係規定爲迄交聯浴之後的偏光元 件製作成爲止之拉伸倍率。 又’所謂之總拉伸倍率，係指自PVA成膜時之原膜起 至製作成偏光元件爲止之全拉伸倍率。總拉伸倍率若超過 • 8倍，由於拉伸中PVA薄膜易發生斷裂，故就品質上而言 非爲良好。另一方面，總拉伸倍率若未滿4.5倍，則拉伸 ' 不充分，難以得到高透過率、高偏光度之偏光板。總拉伸 倍率尤以設於5~7倍爲佳。 本發明之製造方法中，在染色後的含有交聯劑之交聯 處理浴以下之至少1浴中，宜使其含有碘化物4~20重量％ ，而以5~15重量％爲佳，尤以5~10重量％爲特佳，來施 行含浸處理。藉由將聚乙烯醇（PVA)薄膜染色後，於含有 交聯劑之交聯處理浴以下之至少1浴中，使其含有碘化物 4~20重量％，施行含浸處理，可得到光學特性良好，即高 透過率、高偏光度之偏光板。然而，於交聯處理浴之前的 浴中，即使令其含有确化物4~20重量％而施彳了含浸處理， 亦難以得到光學特性良好的偏光板，故於交聯處理後設置 碘化物的處理浴是重要的。 8 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公釐） -------------in--丨—訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1321246 A7 ____B7 五、發明說明（έ ) 因而，交聯處理之後的拉伸的方法，可爲：於交聯浴 中施行拉伸之方法、於交聯處理浴中施行拉伸後再於乾燥 處理中施行拉伸之方法、於交聯浴後設置含浸處理浴於含 浸處理中或其後的乾燥處理中再行拉伸之方法等，各種方 法均可適用。爲得到高透過率、高偏光度之偏光板，以在 交聯處理浴以後的浴中將經含浸處理之拉伸薄膜再行施以 拉伸等之複數次拉伸之方法爲佳。 作爲上述碘化物，可列舉出碘化鋰、碘化鈉、碘化鋅 、碘化鋁、碘化鉛、碘化銅、碘化鋇、碘化鈣、碘化錫、 碘化鈦等。其中尤以選自碘化鉀、碘化氫、碘化鋰、碘化 鈉及碘化鋅中之至少1種化合物爲佳。尤以使用碘化鉀爲 更佳。此等碘化物，可分別單獨使用或組合使用。 ' 本發明之製造方法中，染色浴，以具有雙色性的性質 之碘或染料的濃度爲0.0.2重量％以上的浴爲佳。通常可用 〇.〇2~1.0重量％的浴。染色浴的溫度，並無特別限定，惟 ，爲防止染色不均情形之發生，以2Q~45°C的範圍爲佳。 染色浴的溫度若未滿20°C，則PVA之膨潤不充分，於面 內會發生膨潤不均，致易發生染色不均，另一方面，若超 過45°C，則PVA的膨潤變高，會於面內發生膨潤不均， .或PVA部分地溶解之故，易發生染色不均情形。 交聯浴通常係使用硼酸或硼砂等之交聯劑濃度爲 〇·1~ 15重量％的浴。交聯浴的溫度，並無特別限定，以 5〇~7〇°c的範圍爲佳。理由在於，若爲此範圍的溫度，可 於充分進行交聯之同時，因拉伸導致之PVA薄膜的斷裂亦 9 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ---------------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1321246 ΚΙ ____Β7__ 五、發明說明（7 ) 不易發生。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 作爲設置於偏光元件（偏光薄膜）的單側或兩側作爲透 明保護層之保護薄膜材料’可使用適當的透明薄膜。作爲 其聚合物之例，通常係使用三乙醯纖維素之類的醋酸酯系 樹脂，惟並非侷限於此。 就偏光特性及耐久性等之觀點，特別喜用之透明保護 薄膜，係表面經鹼等皂化處理之三乙醯纖維素薄膜。又， 在偏光薄膜的兩側設置透明保護薄膜之場合，其表裏兩側 使用由相異的聚合物等所構成之透明保護薄膜亦可。 於保護層所使用之透明保護薄膜，只要不損及本發明 . 之目的，可施行硬膜(hard coat)處理或反射防止處理、基於 黏附（sticking)防止或擴散乃至反眩光(anti-glare)等之目的 ' 之處理等。硬膜處理係基於防止偏光板表面受損等之目的 所施行者，例如可將矽酮系等之適宜的紫外線硬化型樹脂 所提供之在硬度與平滑性等方面優異之硬化皮膜附加到透 明保護薄膜之表面的方式等來形成。 另一方面，反射防止處理係基於防止在偏光板表面之 外界光線的反射所施行者，可藉由參酌以往之反射防止膜 等之形成來達成。又黏附防止係基於防止與鄰接層之密接 .的目的，反眩光處理係基於防止外界光線在偏光板之表面 反射而妨礙偏光板透過光之視讀之目的所施行者，例如可 藉由噴砂方式或壓花加工方式等所進行之粗面化方式或透 明微粒子之配合方式等之適宜的方式對透明保護薄膜之表 面賦予細微凹凸構造來形成。 10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 1321246 A7 五、發明說明（牙） 在前述透明微粒子方面，可舉出例如平均粒徑爲 0.5〜20# m之二氧化矽或氧化鋁、氧化鈦或氧化鉻、氧化 錫或氧化銦、氧化鎘或氧化銻等，亦可使用具有導電性之 無機系微粒子’又，亦可使用由交聯或未交聯之聚合物粒 狀物等所構成之有機系微粒子等。透明微粒子之使用量一 般相對於透明樹脂100重量份爲2〜70重量份、尤其是 5〜50重量份。 透明微粒子配合之反眩光層可作爲透明保護層本身、 或是對透明保護層表面施行之塗佈層等來設置之。反眩光 層亦可爲兼具用以將偏光板透過光加以擴散來放大視角之 擴散層（視角補償機能等）者。又，上述反射防止層、黏附 防止層、擴散層與反眩光層等，可作爲設置該等層之片等 所構成之光學層而與透明保護層分別設置。 於本發明中，偏光元件（偏光薄膜）與作爲保護層之透 明保護薄膜之接著處理並無特別之限定，可藉由例如乙烯 醇系聚合物所構成之接著劑、或是硼酸或硼砂、戊二醛或 三聚氰胺、硝酸等之乙烯醇系聚合物之水溶性交聯劑所構 成之接著劑等來進行。尤其是，就與聚乙烯醇系薄膜有最 好的接著性的觀點考量，以使用聚乙烯醇系接著劑爲佳。 .相關之接著劑層可以水溶液之塗佈乾燥層等來形成，在該 水溶液之調製之際可依必要性來配合其他之添加劑或酸等 之觸媒。 依據本發明之偏光板，在實用之際可與其他之光學層 積層而作爲光學構件來使用。關於該光學層並無特別之限 11 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -·--------訂---------線丨Φ------------------------ 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 1321246 A7 __B7___ 五、發明說明（？） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 定，可使用例如反射板或半透過反射板、相位差板(也包含 1/2波長板、1/4波長板等之λ板）、視角補償薄膜或亮度提 升薄膜等之被使用在液晶顯示裝置等之形成上適宜的光學 層之1層或至少2層，尤其以：在前述本發明之偏光元件 與保護層所構成之偏光板進一步積層反射板或是半透過反 射板所形成之反射型偏光板或是半透過反射型偏光板；在 前述本發明之偏光元件與保護層所構成之偏光板進一步積 層相位差板所形成之橢圓或圓偏光板；在前述本發明之偏 光元件與保護層所構成之偏光板進一步積層視角補償薄膜 所形成之偏光板；或是，在前述本發明之偏光元件與保護 _ 層所構成之偏光板進一步積層亮度提升薄膜所形成之偏光 板爲佳。 ' 若對前述之反射板進行說明，則反射板係用以設置於 偏光板來形成反射型偏光板，反射型偏光板通常係設於液 晶單元之裏側，可形成將來自視讀側（顯示側）之反射光加 以反射來進行顯示之類型的液晶顯示裝置等，可省略背光 等之光源的內藏，輕易地謀求液晶顯示裝置之薄型化，此 等爲其優點所在。 反射型偏光板的形成可依必要性經由上述透明保護薄 膜等而於偏光板之單面附設由金屬等所構成之反射層之適 宜的方式來進行。亦即其具體例可舉出依必要性在經過消 光處理之透明保護薄膜的單面附設由鋁等之反射性金屬所 構成之箔或蒸鍍膜來形成反射層。 又尙可舉出在含有微粒子做成表面細微凹凸構造之上 12 I紙張尺度適用中關家^準（CNS)A4規格（21G X 297公釐) '" 1321246 A7 ___B7____ 五、發明說明（，。） 述透明保護薄膜之上具有反映該細微凹凸構造之反射層的 反射型偏光板等。表面細微凹凸構造之反射層，具有讓入 射光不規則反射、擴散以防止定向性或閃耀之外觀、抑制 明暗不均之優點等。形成具有細微凹凸構造之反射層來反 映透明保護薄膜之表面細微凹凸構造時，能以例如真空蒸 鍍方式、離子植入方式、濺鍍方式等之蒸鍍方式或鑛敷方 式等之適宜的方式將金屬直接附設於透明保護薄膜之表面 來進行。 又除了反射板直接附設於上述偏光板之透明保護薄膜 之方式，亦可改用：在參照該透明保護薄膜之適宜的薄膜 上設置反射層所得之反射片等。反射板之反射層通常係由 金屬所構成，其反射面在以薄膜或偏光板等所被覆之使用 ' 形態，從防止氧化所造成之反射率的降低、讓初期反射率 可長期維持、以及避免另外附設保護層等之觀點來看乃爲 所希望的。 又半透過型偏光板可藉由將上述反射層設計成可反射 、透過光之半透鏡等之半透過型之反射層來得到。半透過 型偏光元件通常係設於液晶單元之裏側，在較爲明亮之環 境來使用液晶顯示裝置的情形下，係將來自視讀側(顯示側 .)之入射光加以反射來顯示圖像，而在較爲陰暗之環境下， 則可使用內藏於半透過型偏光板之背光側的背光等之內藏 光源來顯示畫像；此爲半透過型偏光元件所能形成之類型 的液晶顯示裝置。亦即，半透過型偏光板對於形成上述類 型的液晶顯示裝置等(在明亮的環境下可節省背光等之光源 13 本紙張尺度適用中國國ϋ準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ------I I ------- —赢 1321246 A7 ___B7____ 五、發明說明（） 的使用能量，而在較爲陰暗的環境下則藉由內藏光源仍可 使用）是有用的。 其次，針對在前述本發明之偏光元件與保護層所構成 之偏光板進一步積層相位差板所成之橢圓或圓偏光板來說 明。 在將直線偏光轉變爲橢圓或圓偏光、或是將橢圓或圓 偏光轉變爲直線偏光的情形下，係使用相位差板等，尤其 是作爲將直線光轉變爲橢圓或圓偏光、或是將橢圓或圓偏 光轉變爲直線偏光的相位差板，係使用所謂的1/4波長板( 也稱爲λ/4板）。1/2波長板(也稱爲λ/2板)通常係在變換 直線偏光之偏光方向時來使用。 橢圓偏光板在將STN型液晶顯示裝置之液晶層之因複 ' 折射所產生之著色（藍或黃）加以補償，而進行無著色之黑 白顯示之情況可有效地利用。再者，控制了 3維之折射率 者，尙可將自斜向觀察液晶顯示裝置之畫面之際所產生之 著色也加以補償（防止），故爲所希望的。圓偏光板在例如 將畫像呈彩色顯示之反射型液晶顯示裝置之畫像的色調加 以調整之情況等可有效利用，又，尙具有反射防止之機能 〇 亦即’作爲前述相位差板之具體例子，可舉出將聚碳 酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯 或其他之聚烯烴、聚丙烯酸酯或聚醯胺般之適宜的聚合物 所構成之薄膜予以拉伸處理所成之複折射性薄膜或液晶聚 合物之定向薄膜、以薄膜來支撐液晶聚合物之定向層者、 14 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -# 訂---------線—· 1321246 A7 I--- —___B7___ 五、發明說明（) 或是傾斜定向薄膜等。作爲傾斜定向薄膜，可舉出例如對 聚合物薄膜接著上熱收縮性薄膜後藉由加熱所致之收縮力 的作用使得聚合物薄膜受到拉伸處理或是/以及收縮處理所 得者或是讓液晶聚合物傾斜定向所得者等。 其次’針對在前述本發明之偏光元件與保護膜所構成 之偏光板進一步積層視角補償薄膜之偏光板來說明。 視角補償薄膜係即使並非垂直觀看液晶顯示裝置之畫 面而是略爲斜向來看畫面的情況仍可見到較爲鮮明之畫像 而擴大了視角之薄膜。 作爲此種視角補償薄膜，可使用於三乙醯基纖維素薄 膜等塗佈上碟形液晶者、或是相位差板。相對於通常之相 位差板係使用在其面方向具有往單軸拉伸之複折射之聚合 物薄膜，作爲視角補償使用之相位差板，則是使用在面方 向具有往雙軸拉伸之複折射之聚合物薄膜、或是在面方向 往單軸拉伸且在厚度方向也拉伸之控制了厚度方向之折射 率的傾斜定向聚合物薄膜般之雙軸拉伸薄膜等。作爲傾斜 定向薄膜，如前所述，可舉出例如對聚合物薄膜接著上熱 收縮性薄膜後藉由加熱所致之收縮力的作用使得聚合物薄 膜受到拉伸處理或是/以及收縮處理所得者或是讓液晶聚合 .物傾斜定向所得者等。相位差板之素材原料聚合物可使用 與前面之相位差板所說明之聚合物爲同樣者。 於前述之本發明之偏光元件與保護層所構成之偏光板 黏貼亮度提昇薄膜所成的偏光板，通常係設於液晶單元之 裏側來使用。亮度提昇薄膜，來自液晶顯示裝置等之背光 15 本紙張^度適用中國國家標準"(CNSXA4規格（210 X 297公釐) ^- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ------丨丨訂--------線—▲ 1321246 A7 五、發明說明（G ) 或是來自裏側之反射等造成自然光之入射時，由於會顯示 出將既定偏光軸之直線偏光或既定方向之圓偏光加以反射 、而讓其他光透過之特性，所以讓亮度提昇薄膜與前述偏 光元件、保護層所構成之偏光板進行積層所得之偏光板， 除了讓來自背光等之光源的光入射而得到既定偏光狀態的 透過光’同時前述既定偏光狀態以外的光則是無法透過而 被反射。由該亮度提昇薄膜面所反射之光會進一步經由設 於其後側之反射層等反向而再度入射於亮度提昇板，其部 份或全部係以既定偏光狀態之光的形式透過而可謀求透過 亮度提昇薄膜之光的增量，且供給偏光元件難以吸收之偏 光來謀求在液晶顯示裝置等可利用之光量的增大，藉此來 提昇亮度。亦即，若不使用亮度提昇薄膜，而是以背光等 自液晶單元之裏側通過偏光元件來讓光入射的情況，則具 有與偏光元件之偏光軸不爲一致之偏光方向的光絕大多數 會被偏光元件所吸收，而不會透過偏光元件。亦即，雖依 所使用之偏光元件的特性而有所差異，但大約50%的光會 被偏光元件吸收，該被吸收的光相當於在液晶顯示裝置等 可利用之光量的減少，畫像會因而變暗。以亮度提昇薄膜 而言，若具有可被偏光元件吸收之偏光方向的光未入射於 ，偏光元件而是由亮度提昇薄膜做一次的反射後，進一步經 由設於其後側之反射層等反向而再度入射於亮度提昇板， 反覆地進行上述動作，則由於在這兩者間反射、反向之光 的偏光方向成爲可通過偏光元件之偏光方向的偏光會透過 亮度提昇薄膜而供給到偏光元件，所以可將背光等之光有 16 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂---------線—赢 1321246 A7 _B7 五、發明說明（#) 效率地使用於液晶顯示裝置之畫像的顯示上，可提升畫面 之亮度。 作爲前述亮度提昇薄膜，可使用例如電介質之多層薄 膜或折射率異向性不同之薄膜的多層積層體般之讓既定偏 光軸之直線偏光透過而其他的光則予以反射者(3M公司製 造「D—BEF」等）；膽固醇液晶層、尤其是膽固醇液晶聚 合物之定向薄膜或將該定向液晶層支撐於薄膜基材上者（日 東電工公司製造「PCF350」，Merck公司製造「Transmax 」）般之展現將左旋或右旋之一者的圓偏光加以反射而讓其 他光透過之特性者的適宜之物。 是以，就前述之透過既定偏光軸之直線偏光的類型之 " 亮度提昇薄膜而言，藉由讓該透過光直接在偏光板讓偏光 — 軸一致而入射，可抑制偏光板所造成之吸收損失同時有效 地透過。另一方面，就膽固醇液晶層般之透過圓偏光之類 型的亮度提昇薄膜而言，雖亦可直接入射於偏光元件中， 惟基於抑制吸收損失之觀點，讓該透過圓偏光經由相位差 板做直線偏光化後入射於偏光板乃爲所希望的。亦即，作 爲該相位差板，藉由使用1/4波長板，可將圓偏光轉換爲 直線偏光。 . 在可見光區等之寬廣波長範圍作爲1M波長板來作用 之相位差板，例如可藉由讓相對於波長550nm光等之單色 光作爲1/4波長板來作用之相位差層與展現其他相位差特 性之相位差層(例如作爲1/2波長板作用之相位差層)進行重 疊的方式等來得到。是以在偏光板與亮度提昇薄膜之間所 17 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（2KM297公楚) ' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ·# 訂---------線- 1321246 A7 __B7_ 五、發明說明（ir ) 配置之相位差板可爲1層或至少2層之相位差板所構成者 〇 又關於膽固醇液晶層也同樣地，藉由讓反射波長相異 者做組合成爲2層或至少3層重疊之配置構造，可得到在 可見光區等之寬廣波長範圍反射圓偏光者，可基於此得到 寬廣波長範圍之透過圓偏光。 又，本發明之偏光板亦可如上述偏光分離型偏光板般 由偏光板與2層或至少3層之光學層做積層而構成。是以 ，亦可爲上述之反射型偏光板或半透過型偏光板與相位差 板組合所得之反射型橢圓偏光板或半透過型橢圓偏光板等 。積層有2層或至少3層之光學層的光學構件，雖可在液 晶顯示裝置之製程中以依序個別積層之方式來形成，惟事 ' 先積層做成光學構件，具有在品質之安定性與組裝作業性 等方面優異可提升液晶顯示裝置等之製造效率的優點。又 在積層方面可使用黏著層等之適宜的接著方式。 於本發明所提供之偏光板或光學構件中，亦可設置用 以與液晶單元等之其他構件進行接著之黏著層。該黏著層 可藉由丙烯酸系等之參照以往技術之適宜的黏著劑來形成 。尤其’基於防止吸濕所致之發泡現象或剝落現象、防止 .熱膨脹等所致之光學特性的降低或液晶單元之彎曲、甚至 是以高品質形成耐久性優異之液晶顯示裝置之形成性等之 觀點’以使用吸濕率低且耐熱性優異之黏著層爲佳。又亦 可採用含有微粒子等而顯示光擴散性之黏著層等。黏著層 可依必要性設置於所需之面，例如，就本發明之偏光元件 18 P氏張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） 一 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) — ------訂------！-線―赢 1321246 A7 _________JB7__ 五、發明說明（4) 與保護層所構成之偏光板的保護層來說，可依必要性於保 護層之單面或雙面設置黏著層。 當設置於偏光板或光學構件之黏著層露出於表面的情 況’基於避免該黏著層在供做實用之前受到污染之目的， 以隔板做預接覆蓋乃爲所希望的。隔板可藉由在參照上述 透明保護薄膜等之適宜的薄片體上依必要性設置矽酮系或 長鏈院系、氟系或硫化鉬系等之適宜的剝離劑所成之剝離 塗層之方式來形成。 又形成上述偏光板或光學構件之偏光薄膜或透明保護 薄膜、光學層或黏著層等之各層，亦可藉由例如水楊酸酯 系化合物或二苯甲酮系化合物、苯并三唑系化合物或氰基 丙烯酸酯系化合物、鎳錯化物系化合物等紫外線吸收劑來 ' 處理之方式等適宜的方式賦予紫外線吸收能力。 本發明所提供之偏光板，可適宜地使用在液晶顯示裝 置等之各種裝置的形成上。液晶顯示裝置能以將本發明之 偏光板配置於液晶單元之單側或雙側所成之透過型或反射 型、或是透過·反射兩用型等之具有參照以往之適宜構造 者來形成。是以形成液晶顯示裝置之液晶單元可爲任意， 可使用例如在薄膜電晶體型方面代表性之主動式矩陣 (active matrix)驅動型者、在扭轉向歹ij(twist nematic)型或超 扭轉向列型方面代表性之單純矩陣驅動型者等適宜類型的 液晶單元。 又於液晶單元之兩側設置偏光板或光學構件之情況， 兩側之偏光板或光學構件可爲相同也可爲不同者。再者於 19 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) *丨丨丨丨丨丨丨訂·_丨—丨丨丨丨-- 1321246 A7 ________B7____ 五、發明說明（v7 ) 液晶顯示裝置之形成之際，可在適宜的位置配置1層或至 少2層之例如稜鏡列片或透鏡列片、光擴散片或背光件等 之適宜的構件。 窗施例 以下用實施例及比較例就本發明更進一步具體地加以 說明。 實施例1 使用庫拉雷公司製PVA(9X75RS)施以輥拉伸。於第1 染色浴（碘濃度〇·〇3重量％與碘化鉀濃度〇.5重量％的水 溶液，30°C )中，施行前拉伸至拉伸倍率成爲3倍之後， 於第2交聯浴（硼酸濃度5重量％與碘化鉀濃度8重量％的 ’ 水溶液，55°C )中，施以2倍之後拉伸，並經乾燥處理。 - 總拉伸倍率設爲6.〇倍。將所得偏光元件與TAC(三乙醯 纖維素）薄膜以PVA系接著劑施行貼合，製作成偏光板。 當時的透過率/偏光度=44.1 %/99·95%。 實施例2 使用庫拉雷公司製PVA(9X75RS)施以輥拉伸。於第1 染色浴（碘濃度Q.Q3重量％與碘化鉀濃度Q.3重量％的水 溶液，30°C )中，施行前拉伸至拉伸倍率成爲3倍之後， 於第2交聯浴（硼酸濃度5重量％與碘化鉀濃度1Q重量％ 的水溶液，55°C )中，施以1.33倍之後拉伸，其後再施 以1.5倍之拉伸’並經乾燥處理。總拉伸倍率設爲6 . 0倍 。將所得偏光元件與TAC (三乙醯纖維素）薄膜以PVA系接 著劑施行貼合’製作成偏光板。當時的透過率/偏光度 20 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210^ 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .0 t^i IE ^^1 I n If tit t— n n e^i I— n ^^1 ^^1 1321246 A7 ____ B7___ 五、發明說明（β ) = 44.0%/ 99.96% ° 實施例3 使用庫拉雷公司製PVA(9X75RS)施以輥拉伸。於第1 染色浴（碘濃度〇.〇3重量％與碘化鉀濃度0.3重量％的水 溶液，30°C )中，施行前拉伸至拉伸倍率成爲3倍之後， 於第2交聯浴（硼酸濃度5重量％的水溶液，55°C)中，施 以2倍之後拉伸，再含浸於第3浴（碘化鉀濃度10重量％ 的水溶液，5 5°C )中（1倍），於乾燥處理中施行拉伸至總 拉伸爲6.0倍，製作成偏光元件。將所得偏光元件與 TAC (三乙醯纖維素）薄膜以PVA系接著劑施行貼合，製作 成偏光板。當時的透過率/偏光度=44.1%/99.95%。 比較例1 • 使用庫拉雷公司製PVA(9X75RS)施以輥拉伸。於第1 染色浴（碘濃度0.03重量％與碘化鉀濃度5重量％的水溶 液，3〇°C )中，施行前拉伸至拉伸倍率爲5倍之後，於第 2交聯浴（硼酸濃度5重量％與碘化鉀濃度1重量％的水溶 液’ 55°C)中，施以1.04倍之拉伸，其後再施以1.15倍 之拉伸，並經乾燥處理。總拉伸倍率爲6.0倍。將所得偏 光元件與TAC (三乙醯纖維素）薄膜以PVA系接著劑施行貼 .合，製作成偏光板。當時的透過率/偏光度 =44 . 〇%/99.6% ° 比較例2 使用庫拉雷公司製PVA(9X75RS)施以輥拉伸。於第1 染色浴（碘濃度0.03重量％與碘化鉀濃度5重量％的水溶 21 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) i·! —訂·！ ----!線」1321246 ΚΙ _Β7 _ V. OBJECT DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (/) Technical field to which the invention pertains (please read the note on the back side and then fill in this page) The present invention relates to a polarizing plate used in a liquid crystal display device (hereinafter, also simply referred to as LCD). A manufacturing method and a liquid crystal display device including the polarizing plate produced by the method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a polarizing plate having high light transmittance and a high polarizing ratio, and a liquid crystal display device. Conventional Technology LCDs have been used in personal computers and the like, and have been rapidly increasing in recent years. With the expansion of the use of LCDs, there has been a trend in recent years for use in displays. The polarizing plate is manufactured by passing the PVA film to have a dichroic color. After the dye is dyed, it is crosslinked with boric acid or borax to prepare a polarizing plate. Moreover, the uniaxial stretching performed in the dyeing process and the cross-linking process can be carried out in the 'process, or can be performed before or after the process. After the dyeing process and the crosslinking process, it is usually dried by a dryer, and then adhered to a protective layer of a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film or the like with an adhesive. However, a polarizing plate used for a liquid crystal display device requires high transmittance and a high degree of polarization (rate). In other words, when the transmittance of the polarizing plate used for a display device such as an LCD is low, the degree of polarization is high, the amount of transmitted light is reduced, and the display is darkened. On the other hand, if the transmittance is high, the degree of polarization will be lowered and the contrast will be deteriorated. Therefore, a polarizing plate having characteristics of high transmittance and high degree of polarization is eagerly desired. However, in order to improve the transmittance and the degree of polarization (rate) of the polarizing plate at the same time, there have been various attempts, but sincerity is not easy. The course to be solved by the invention 4 The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 1321246 A7 ^____ B7_____ V. Invention Description (i) The present invention solves the conventional problem, It is intended to provide a method for producing a polarizing plate having a high transmittance and a high polarization ratio, and a liquid crystal display device. In order to achieve the above object, the method for producing a polarizing plate of the present invention is to dye a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film with iodine or a dye having a dichroic property, and then perform a crosslinking agent. Cross-linking and stretching using a roll in any process to produce a polarizing plate; characterized in that the film is dyed with a dye bath containing iodine or dye having dichromatic properties, and then subjected to a crosslinking agent When the crosslinking is carried out in the bath, the stretching ratio of the original film for film formation by PVA to the dyeing treatment is 1. 01~ 4. 5 times the range (only, adding a crosslinking agent to the dye bath). The case is also included in the dyeing process; after that, in the at least one bath after the cross-linking treatment bath containing the crosslinking agent, the impregnation of the iodide is contained in an amount of 4 to 2% by weight, and the crosslinking treatment bath is performed. The draw ratio is set to 3 times or less; and the total draw ratio from the original film for PVA film formation to the final product is set to 4. 5 to 8 times the range. In the above, the "crosslinking treatment bath" includes, in addition to the crosslinking treatment bath, stretching other than the bath or the bath (for example, stretching during drying of the polarizing element). The term "roll stretching" refers to the case where stretching is carried out along the rolls in addition to stretching. In the above method, the iodide is preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of potassium iodide, hydrogen iodide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, and zinc iodide. In the above method, the dye bath temperature is preferably in the range of 20 to 45 °C. In the above method, the crosslinking bath temperature is preferably in the range of 5 〇 to 7 〇 °C. Further, in the above method, the crosslinking agent is preferably boric acid or borax. 5 The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) --------------------- Order -------- - Line (please read the precautions on the back and fill out this page) 1321246 A7 !__— B7 _ V. Inventive Note (?) In the present invention, the polarizing plate manufactured by the above method can be used as a reflecting plate or a semi-transmissive reflection. The board is laminated to form a reflective polarizing plate or a semi-transmissive reflecting plate type polarizing plate. Further, a polarizing plate manufactured by the above method can be laminated with a phase difference plate or an entrance plate to form an elliptical or circular polarizing plate. Further, a polarizing plate manufactured by the above method can be laminated with a viewing angle compensation film to form a polarizing plate. Further, a polarizing plate manufactured by the above method may be laminated with a brightness enhancing film via an adhesive or an adhesive to form a polarizing plate. Next, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that it is attached to a liquid. At least one side of the crystal military element is provided with a polarizing plate manufactured according to the foregoing method. The invention relates to a manufacturing process of a polarizing plate of the present invention, which comprises subjecting a PVA film of a raw material of a polarizing plate to a process of swelling, dyeing, stretching, cross-linking, drying, etc., thereby obtaining a polarizing element having a polarizing function. Thereafter, the polarizing element is bonded to a film of TAC or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a protective layer with an adhesive or an adhesive to obtain a polarizing plate. The order of the four processes of swelling, dyeing, stretching, and cross-linking in the manufacturing process of the polarizing element is not particularly limited, and the four processes may be carried out or combined. In other words, the "stretching process" is usually carried out at the same time as the "dyeing process" and the "cross-linking process". In addition, the dyeing process and the cross-linking process can be carried out at the same time. The manufacture of polarizing plates is carried out after the above three processes, and is dried. The triethylene cellulose (TAC) film as a protective layer, or 6 paper scales are applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification 210x 297 public) --------------------- Order --------- line (please read the note on the back and then fill out this page) 1321246 A7 ____B7__ V. (Description of the Invention) A film such as a polyethylene resin or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a polystyrene resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polynorbornene resin or an acrylic resin. The transparent film of the film is bonded to one side or both sides. The present invention is characterized in that the stretching ratio (hereinafter referred to as "pre-stretching ratio") after dyeing with an iodine-containing dyeing bath having a dichroic property is set at 1. 〇l~4. 5 times the range. The "pre-stretching" is a stretching which is carried out before the dyeing bath, such as washing, swelling, humidity control, and calendering. The draw ratio (hereinafter referred to as "post draw ratio") after the subsequent crosslinking treatment bath was set to be 3 times or less, and the total of the front stretch ratio and the rear stretch ratio was totaled. The draw ratio is set at 4. It is manufactured 5 to 8 times or less. Here, the front draw ratio is set to 1. 01~4. The reason for the range of 5 times is that no slack or wrinkles due to dyeing occur in this range, and unevenness in stretching is also small. If it is less than 1. At 01 times, the film will be loose, and uneven dyeing will occur in this part during dyeing. Also, if it exceeds 4. At 5 times, it is difficult to obtain a polarizing plate having high transmittance and high polarization. The front stretching ratio is 1. 5~4. The range of 5 times is better, and the polarizing plate with high transmittance and high polarization is obtained stably. The range of 0 times is particularly good. Also, the post-stretching ratio is set at 3. The reason why it is less than 0 times is that, in this range, the orientation of iodine in PVA is good, and the fracture of the stretched film is unlikely to occur, and if it exceeds 3 times, the film during stretching is liable to be broken. The polarizing plate obtained in such a manner has both high transmittance and high polarization. Also, where the dye bath contains a cross-linking agent, 7 paper scales are applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) — If — — — — I--- ---Order---------Line (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) 1321246 A7 ___B7 V. Invention instructions (夂) Use as a dye bath instead of as a cross-linking bath use. That is, the system is included in "pre-stretching". Here, the stretching ratio ("post stretching ratio") of the cross-linking treatment is not a stretching ratio in the crosslinking bath alone, and for example, when a water bath is provided after the crosslinking bath, The stretching ratio in the water bath, and in the case of drying treatment of the polarizing element, also includes the stretching ratio in the drying treatment. That is, the drawing is defined as the stretching ratio at which the polarizing element after the joint shower is completed. Further, the term "total stretching ratio" refers to the total stretching ratio from the original film at the time of PVA film formation to the production of a polarizing element. If the total draw ratio exceeds 8 times, the PVA film tends to be broken during stretching, so it is not good in quality. On the other hand, if the total draw ratio is less than 4. When the thickness is 5 times, the stretching is insufficient, and it is difficult to obtain a polarizing plate having high transmittance and high polarization. The total stretching ratio is preferably set at 5 to 7 times. In the production method of the present invention, it is preferable to contain 4 to 20% by weight of iodide in at least one bath below the crosslinking treatment bath containing the crosslinking agent after dyeing, and preferably 5 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably The impregnation treatment is carried out in an amount of preferably 5 to 10% by weight. After dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, it contains 4 to 20% by weight of iodide in at least one bath below the cross-linking treatment bath containing a crosslinking agent, and is impregnated to obtain good optical characteristics. , that is, a polarizing plate with high transmittance and high polarization. However, in the bath before the crosslinking treatment bath, even if it is impregnated with 4 to 20% by weight of the confirmed compound, it is difficult to obtain a polarizing plate having excellent optical characteristics, so that iodide is provided after the crosslinking treatment. The treatment bath is important. 8 The paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 x 297 mm) -------------in--丨-订--------- Please read the precautions on the back and fill out this page.) 1321246 A7 ____B7 V. INSTRUCTIONS (έ) Therefore, the method of stretching after cross-linking treatment can be: a method of stretching in a cross-linking bath, a method in which stretching is carried out in a joint treatment bath, followed by stretching in a drying treatment, a method in which an impregnation treatment bath is provided in an impregnation treatment or a drying treatment in an impregnation treatment or the like after the crosslinking bath, and the like, and various methods may be used. Be applicable. In order to obtain a polarizing plate having a high transmittance and a high degree of polarization, it is preferred to subject the impregnated stretched film to a plurality of stretchings such as stretching in a bath after the crosslinking treatment bath. Examples of the iodide include lithium iodide, sodium iodide, zinc iodide, aluminum iodide, lead iodide, copper iodide, cesium iodide, calcium iodide, tin iodide, and titanium iodide. Among them, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of potassium iodide, hydrogen iodide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide and zinc iodide is preferred. It is especially preferable to use potassium iodide. These iodides may be used singly or in combination. In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the dyeing bath has a concentration of iodine or a dye having a dichroic property of 0. 0. More than 2% by weight of the bath is preferred. Usually available 〇. 〇2~1. 0% by weight of the bath. The temperature of the dyeing bath is not particularly limited. However, in order to prevent the occurrence of uneven dyeing, it is preferably in the range of 2Q to 45 °C. If the temperature of the dyeing bath is less than 20 ° C, the swelling of PVA is insufficient, and uneven swelling occurs in the surface, resulting in uneven dyeing. On the other hand, if it exceeds 45 ° C, the swelling of PVA becomes high. Will cause uneven swelling in the face. Or the PVA is partially dissolved, and uneven dyeing is likely to occur. The crosslinking bath is usually a bath having a crosslinking agent concentration of lanthanum of 1 to 15% by weight such as boric acid or borax. The temperature of the crosslinking bath is not particularly limited, and is preferably in the range of 5 〇 to 7 〇 ° c. The reason is that if the temperature in this range is sufficient, the PVA film may be broken due to stretching at the same time as the temperature of the paper. 9 The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) - -------------------- Order --------- line (please read the notes on the back and fill in this page) 1321246 ΚΙ ____Β7__ V. Invention Note (7) is not easy to occur. (Please read the precautions on the back side and fill out this page.) As a protective film material provided on one side or both sides of the polarizing element (polarizing film) as a transparent protective layer, a suitable transparent film can be used. As an example of the polymer, an acetate-based resin such as triacetyl cellulose is usually used, but it is not limited thereto. A transparent protective film which is particularly preferred from the viewpoints of polarizing characteristics and durability is a triacetyl cellulose film whose surface is saponified by alkali or the like. Further, when a transparent protective film is provided on both sides of the polarizing film, a transparent protective film made of a different polymer or the like may be used on both sides of the front and back surfaces. The transparent protective film used in the protective layer is not damaged by the present invention. For the purpose, it is possible to perform a hard coat treatment or a reflection prevention treatment, a treatment based on sticking prevention or diffusion, or even anti-glare. The hard coat treatment is carried out for the purpose of preventing the surface of the polarizing plate from being damaged. For example, a hardened film excellent in hardness and smoothness, which is provided by a suitable ultraviolet curable resin such as an anthrone, can be attached to the transparent protection. The surface of the film is formed in a manner or the like. On the other hand, the anti-reflection treatment is performed based on the prevention of reflection of external light on the surface of the polarizing plate, and can be achieved by considering the formation of a conventional anti-reflection film or the like. Adhesion prevention is based on preventing adhesion to adjacent layers. The purpose of the anti-glare treatment is based on the purpose of preventing external light from being reflected on the surface of the polarizing plate and obstructing the reading of the light transmitted through the polarizing plate. For example, it can be roughened by sandblasting or embossing. A fine concavo-convex structure is formed on the surface of the transparent protective film by a suitable method such as a method of blending transparent microparticles. 10 The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). 1321246 A7 V. Description of the invention (tooth) In the case of the aforementioned transparent fine particles, for example, the average particle diameter is 0. 5~20# m of cerium oxide or aluminum oxide, titanium oxide or chromium oxide, tin oxide or indium oxide, cadmium oxide or cerium oxide, etc., or inorganic fine particles having conductivity can also be used. Organic fine particles or the like composed of polymer particles or the like which are not crosslinked. The amount of the transparent fine particles used is usually 2 to 70 parts by weight, particularly 5 to 50 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the transparent resin. The anti-glare layer to which the transparent fine particles are combined may be provided as the transparent protective layer itself or a coating layer applied to the surface of the transparent protective layer. The anti-glare layer may be a diffusion layer (viewing angle compensation function, etc.) which is used to diffuse the polarizing plate through the light to amplify the viewing angle. Further, the antireflection layer, the adhesion preventing layer, the diffusion layer, the anti-glare layer, and the like may be provided as an optical layer formed of a sheet or the like provided with the layers, and the transparent protective layer. In the present invention, the subsequent treatment of the polarizing element (polarizing film) and the transparent protective film as the protective layer is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an adhesive composed of a vinyl alcohol polymer or boric acid or borax or pentane. An adhesive or the like which is composed of a water-soluble crosslinking agent of a vinyl alcohol polymer such as dialdehyde or melamine or nitric acid is used. In particular, in view of the best adhesion to the polyvinyl alcohol-based film, it is preferred to use a polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesive. . The adhesive layer to be formed may be formed by applying a dried layer of an aqueous solution or the like, and may be blended with other additives or a catalyst such as an acid as necessary in the preparation of the aqueous solution. The polarizing plate according to the present invention can be used as an optical member in combination with other optical layers in practical use. There is no special limit for this optical layer 11 (Please read the note on the back and fill out this page) -·--------Book---------Line 丨Φ---- -------------------- This paper scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 1321246 A7 __B7___ V. Invention description (?) (Please read the precautions on the back and fill out this page.) For example, a reflector or a semi-transmissive reflector, a phase difference plate (including a λ plate of a 1⁄2 wavelength plate, a 1⁄4 wavelength plate, etc.), or a viewing angle can be used. A compensation film or a brightness enhancement film or the like is used in one layer or at least two layers of an optical layer suitable for formation of a liquid crystal display device or the like, and in particular, a polarizing plate composed of the polarizing element and the protective layer of the present invention is further laminated. a reflective polarizer or a semi-transmissive polarizing plate formed by a reflector or a semi-transmissive reflector; and an ellipse or a circle formed by a phase difference plate in the polarizing plate formed by the polarizing element and the protective layer of the present invention a polarizing plate; further comprising a viewing angle compensation film on the polarizing plate formed by the polarizing element and the protective layer of the present invention The polarizing plate is formed; or a polarizing plate comprising the polarizing plate of the present invention and the polarizing plate of the protective layer is further laminated with a polarizing plate formed by the brightness enhancing film. 'When the reflector is described above, the reflector is used to form a polarizing plate to form a reflective polarizer. The reflective polarizer is usually disposed on the inner side of the liquid crystal cell and can be formed from the viewing side (display side). In the liquid crystal display device of the type in which the reflected light is reflected and displayed, the light source such as a backlight can be omitted, and the thickness of the liquid crystal display device can be easily reduced. The formation of the reflective polarizing plate can be carried out by a suitable method of attaching a reflective layer made of metal or the like to one surface of the polarizing plate via the transparent protective film or the like as necessary. In other words, a reflective layer formed by depositing a foil or a vapor-deposited film made of a reflective metal such as aluminum on one side of the transparent protective film subjected to the matting treatment may be used as a specific example. In addition, it can be exemplified by the application of fine particles on the surface of the fine concavo-convex structure. The paper is applicable to the CNS A4 specification (21G X 297 mm) '" 1321246 A7 ___B7____ V. Invention description (, A reflective polarizing plate or the like having a reflective layer reflecting the fine uneven structure on the transparent protective film. The reflective layer having a fine uneven structure on the surface has an advantage of irregularly reflecting and diffusing the incident light to prevent the appearance of directionality or glare, and suppressing unevenness of light and dark. When a reflective layer having a fine concavo-convex structure is formed to reflect the fine uneven structure of the surface of the transparent protective film, an appropriate method such as a vapor deposition method such as a vacuum deposition method, an ion implantation method, or a sputtering method, or a mineral deposition method can be employed. The metal is directly attached to the surface of the transparent protective film. Further, in addition to the manner in which the reflecting plate is directly attached to the transparent protective film of the polarizing plate, a reflecting sheet obtained by providing a reflecting layer on a suitable film of the transparent protective film may be used instead. The reflective layer of the reflecting plate is usually made of metal, and its reflecting surface is covered by a film or a polarizing plate, and the reflectance caused by oxidation prevention is lowered, the initial reflectance can be maintained for a long period of time, and the reflection is avoided. It is desirable to attach a protective layer or the like. Further, the transflective polarizing plate can be obtained by designing the reflective layer as a semi-transmissive reflective layer such as a semi-lens that can reflect and transmit light. The semi-transmissive polarizing element is usually disposed on the inner side of the liquid crystal cell, and in the case of using a liquid crystal display device in a relatively bright environment, it will come from the viewing side (display side). The incident light is reflected to display an image, and in a relatively dark environment, the image can be displayed using a built-in light source such as a backlight embedded in the backlight side of the semi-transmissive polarizing plate; this is a semi-transmissive type. A liquid crystal display device of a type that can be formed by a polarizing element. That is, the semi-transmissive polarizing plate is suitable for forming a liquid crystal display device of the above type (a light source that can save backlights and the like in a bright environment). The paper size is applicable to the China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). (Please read the notes on the back and then fill out this page) ------II ------- - Win 1321246 A7 ___B7____ V. Inventive Note () Use energy, in a darker environment It is still useful by using a built-in light source.) Next, an elliptical or circular polarizing plate formed by laminating a phase difference plate in the polarizing plate composed of the polarizing element and the protective layer of the present invention will be described. In the case of converting linearly polarized light into elliptical or circularly polarized light, or converting elliptical or circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light, a phase difference plate or the like is used, particularly as a linear light to be converted into an elliptical or circularly polarized light, or an elliptical Or a phase difference plate in which a circularly polarized light is converted into a linearly polarized light, and a so-called quarter-wavelength plate (also referred to as a λ/4 plate) is used. The 1/2 wavelength plate (also called the λ/2 plate) is usually used when changing the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light. The elliptically polarizing plate can be effectively utilized by compensating for the color (blue or yellow) generated by the complex refraction of the liquid crystal layer of the STN type liquid crystal display device, and performing black-white display without coloring. Further, since the three-dimensional refractive index is controlled, it is desirable to compensate (prevent) the coloring which occurs when the screen of the liquid crystal display device is observed obliquely. The circularly polarizing plate can be effectively used, for example, in the case of adjusting the color tone of the image of the reflective liquid crystal display device in which the image is displayed in color, and has a function of preventing reflection, that is, as a specific example of the phase difference plate. A film made of a polymer such as polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene or other polyolefin, polyacrylate or polyamide may be used. Oriented film of a birefringent film or liquid crystal polymer formed by stretching, or an oriented layer supporting a liquid crystal polymer by a film, 14 paper size applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ( Please read the notes on the back and fill out this page. -# 订---------线—· 1321246 A7 I---____B7___ V. Invention description () Or inclined oriented film. As the obliquely oriented film, for example, the polymer film may be subjected to a stretching treatment or a shrinkage treatment by a shrinking force by heating after the polymer film is subsequently applied to the heat-shrinkable film, or the liquid crystal may be obtained. The polymer is oriented obliquely and the like. Next, a description will be given of a polarizing plate in which a viewing angle compensation film is further laminated on a polarizing plate comprising the polarizing element and the protective film of the present invention. The viewing angle compensation film is a film in which the viewing angle is enlarged even if the screen of the liquid crystal display device is not vertically viewed but the image is slightly obliquely viewed. As such a viewing angle compensation film, it can be used for a disk-shaped liquid crystal coated with a triacetyl cellulose film or the like, or a phase difference plate. A polymer film having a biaxially stretched birefringence in a plane direction thereof is used as a conventional phase difference plate, and a phase difference plate used as a viewing angle compensation is used to have a biaxial stretching in the plane direction. The refracted polymer film or a biaxially stretched film such as an obliquely oriented polymer film which is uniaxially stretched in the plane direction and stretched in the thickness direction and which controls the refractive index in the thickness direction. As the obliquely oriented film, as described above, for example, the polymer film is subjected to stretching treatment or/and shrinkage treatment by the action of shrinkage force by heating after the heat-shrinkable film is applied to the polymer film. Or let the liquid crystals aggregate. Oblique objects are oriented and the like. The material of the phase difference plate may be the same as the polymer described in the previous phase difference plate. The polarizing plate formed by adhering the polarizing plate of the polarizing element and the protective layer of the present invention to the polarizing plate is usually provided on the inner side of the liquid crystal cell. Brightness enhancement film, backlight from liquid crystal display device, etc. This paper is applicable to Chinese national standard "(CNSXA4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ^- (please read the note on the back and fill in this page) --- ---丨丨定--------Line—▲ 1321246 A7 V. Invention description (G) Or when the natural light is incident from the reflection from the inside, it will show the linear polarization of the given polarization axis. Or a polarizing plate obtained by laminating a brightness-increasing film and a polarizing plate composed of the polarizing element and the protective layer, in addition to light from a light source such as a backlight, or a light that is reflected by a circularly polarized light in a predetermined direction and transmitted by other light. When the incident light is incident, a transmitted light of a predetermined polarization state is obtained, and light other than the predetermined polarization state is reflected and cannot be transmitted. The light reflected by the brightness enhancement film surface is further reversed via a reflective layer provided on the rear side thereof. Re-incident on the brightness enhancement plate, part or all of which is transmitted in the form of light in a predetermined polarization state, and can increase the light of the film through the brightness enhancement, and supply the polarizer It is difficult to absorb the polarized light to increase the amount of light that can be used in a liquid crystal display device or the like, thereby increasing the brightness. That is, if a brightness enhancement film is not used, a backlight or the like is used to pass the polarizing element from the back side of the liquid crystal cell. In the case where light is incident, most of the light having a polarization direction that does not coincide with the polarization axis of the polarizing element is absorbed by the polarizing element and does not pass through the polarizing element, that is, depending on the characteristics of the polarizing element used. However, there is a difference, but about 50% of the light is absorbed by the polarizing element, and the absorbed light is equivalent to a decrease in the amount of light available for use in a liquid crystal display device, and the image is thus darkened. Light having a polarization direction that can be absorbed by the polarizing element is not incident, and the polarizing element is once reflected by the brightness enhancement film, and then again incident on the brightness enhancement plate via the reflection layer provided on the rear side thereof. When the above operation is performed repeatedly, the polarization direction of the light reflected and reversed between the two becomes polarized light that can pass through the polarization direction of the polarizing element. It is supplied to the polarizing element through the brightness enhancement film, so it is possible to apply 16 units of paper to the National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) for the light of the backlight (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page). ) -------- order --------- line - win 1321246 A7 _B7 five, invention description (#) efficient use of the display of the image of the liquid crystal display device, can enhance the brightness of the picture As the brightness-enhancing film, for example, a multilayer film of a dielectric material or a multilayer laminated body of a film having a different refractive index anisotropy can transmit a linear polarized light of a predetermined polarization axis and other light is reflected (3M Company manufactures "D" -BEF", etc.); an oriented film of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, particularly a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer, or a support of the directional liquid crystal layer on a film substrate ("PCF350" manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation, "Transmax" manufactured by Merck) A suitable object that exhibits a characteristic that reflects the circularly polarized light of one of the left-handed or right-handed and transmits other light. Therefore, in the case of the above-mentioned type of linearly polarized light that transmits a predetermined polarization axis, the brightness-enhancing film can suppress the absorption by the polarizing plate by allowing the transmitted light to directly enter the polarizing plate to make the polarization-axis coincide. The loss is effectively transmitted at the same time. On the other hand, a brightness-enhancing film of a type that transmits a circularly polarized light like a cholesteric liquid crystal layer may be directly incident on a polarizing element, but the transmitted circularly polarized light is made via a phase difference plate based on the viewpoint of suppressing absorption loss. It is desirable to be incident on the polarizing plate after linear polarization. That is, as the phase difference plate, circularly polarized light can be converted into linearly polarized light by using a quarter-wavelength plate. . A phase difference plate that functions as a 1M wavelength plate in a wide wavelength range such as a visible light region can be, for example, a phase difference layer that functions as a quarter wave plate with respect to monochromatic light of a wavelength of 550 nm or the like, and exhibits other phases. A phase difference layer of a difference characteristic (for example, a phase difference layer functioning as a 1/2 wavelength plate) is superimposed or the like. It is based on the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2KM297 public) between the polarizing plate and the brightness enhancement film. (Please read the note on the back and fill in this page.) · #订--- ------Line - 1321246 A7 __B7_ V. Description of the invention (ir) The phase difference plate can be configured as a phase difference plate of one layer or at least two layers, and also for the cholesteric liquid crystal layer. The arrangement in which the reflection wavelengths are different is combined into two or at least three layers, and a circular polarization can be obtained in a wide wavelength range such as a visible light region, and a circularly polarized light having a wide wavelength range can be obtained based thereon. Further, the polarizing plate of the present invention may be formed by laminating a polarizing plate and two or at least three optical layers as in the above-described polarizing-separating polarizing plate. In other words, the reflective elliptically polarizing plate or the semi-transmissive elliptically polarizing plate obtained by combining the above-mentioned reflective polarizing plate or semi-transmissive polarizing plate and phase difference plate may be used. An optical member in which two or at least three optical layers are laminated may be formed by sequentially laminating in a process of a liquid crystal display device, but the first layer is formed into an optical member to have stability in quality. Excellent in terms of assembly workability and the like, and the manufacturing efficiency of a liquid crystal display device or the like can be improved. Further, a suitable bonding method such as an adhesive layer can be used for the lamination. In the polarizing plate or the optical member provided by the present invention, an adhesive layer for adhering to other members such as a liquid crystal cell may be provided. The adhesive layer can be formed by an acrylic or the like which is a suitable adhesive according to the prior art. In particular, it is based on the prevention of foaming or peeling caused by moisture absorption and prevention. From the viewpoint of reduction in optical characteristics due to thermal expansion or the like, bending of a liquid crystal cell, or formation of a liquid crystal display device having excellent durability and high durability, it is preferable to use an adhesive layer having a low moisture absorption rate and excellent heat resistance. . Further, an adhesive layer containing fine particles or the like to exhibit light diffusibility can be used. The adhesive layer can be placed on the desired side according to the necessity. For example, the P-slice scale of the polarizing element of the present invention is applied to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public) one - (please read the back Precautions fill in this page) — ------Book ------! -Line-win 1321246 A7 _________JB7__ V. INSTRUCTIONS (4) For the protective layer of the polarizing plate composed of the protective layer, the adhesive layer may be provided on one or both sides of the protective layer as necessary. When the adhesive layer provided on the polarizing plate or the optical member is exposed on the surface, the pre-attachment with the spacer is desirable for the purpose of preventing the adhesive layer from being contaminated before being used for practical use. The separator may be provided with a release coating layer formed of an appropriate release agent such as an ketone-based or long-chain system, a fluorine-based or a molybdenum-sulfide-based material, as needed, in consideration of a suitable sheet such as the transparent protective film. Way to form. Further, a polarizing film or a transparent protective film, an optical layer or an adhesive layer of the polarizing plate or the optical member may be formed, and may be, for example, a salicylate compound or a benzophenone compound or a benzotriazole compound. An ultraviolet absorber such as a cyanoacrylate compound or a nickel complex compound can impart ultraviolet absorbing ability in a suitable manner such as a method of treatment. The polarizing plate provided by the present invention can be suitably used in the formation of various devices such as liquid crystal display devices. The liquid crystal display device can be formed by a suitable structure in which a polarizing plate of the present invention is disposed on one side or both sides of a liquid crystal cell, or a transmissive type or a transflective type. The liquid crystal cell forming the liquid crystal display device may be any, and an active matrix driving type representative, for example, in the form of a thin film transistor, may be used, in a twist nematic type or a super twist direction. A liquid crystal cell of a suitable type such as a simple matrix driven type representative of a column type. Further, when a polarizing plate or an optical member is provided on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, the polarizing plate or the optical member on both sides may be the same or different. In addition, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) is applicable to 19 paper scales (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) *丨丨丨丨丨丨丨定·_丨—丨丨丨丨-- 1321246 A7 ________B7____ V. Inventive Note (v7) When the liquid crystal display device is formed, one layer or at least two layers such as a reticle or a lens strip, a light diffusing sheet or the like may be disposed at an appropriate position. A suitable member such as a backlight. Window Example The present invention will be further specifically described by way of examples and comparative examples. Example 1 Roll stretching was carried out using PVA (9X75RS) manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. In the first dye bath (Iodine concentration 〇·〇3 wt% and potassium iodide concentration 〇. 5 wt% aqueous solution, 30 ° C), before stretching until the draw ratio is 3 times, in the second cross-linking bath (boric acid concentration 5% by weight and potassium iodide concentration 8% by weight of 'aqueous solution, 55 ° C In the case, it is stretched 2 times and dried. - The total draw ratio is set to 6. 〇 times. The obtained polarizing element and a TAC (triethylene fluorene cellulose) film were bonded together by a PVA-based adhesive to prepare a polarizing plate. The transmittance / polarization at that time = 44. 1%/99.95%. Example 2 Roll stretching was carried out using PVA (9X75RS) manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. In the first dye bath (iodine concentration Q. Q3% by weight and potassium iodide concentration Q. 3 wt% aqueous solution, 30 ° C), before stretching until the draw ratio is 3 times, in the second cross-linking bath (boric acid concentration 5% by weight and potassium iodide concentration 1Q% by weight aqueous solution, 55 ° C) In, apply 1. Stretch after 33 times, then apply 1. 5 times stretched' and dried. The total draw ratio is set to 6. 0 times. The obtained polarizing element and a TAC (triethylene fluorene cellulose) film were bonded by a PVA-based adhesive to prepare a polarizing plate. Transmittance/Polarization at the time 20 This paper scale applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210^297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page). 0 t^i IE ^^1 I n If tit t— n n e^i I— n ^^1 ^^1 1321246 A7 ____ B7___ V. Description of invention (β ) = 44. 0%/ 99. 96% ° Example 3 Roll stretching was carried out using PVA (9X75RS) manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. In the first dye bath (iodine concentration 〇. 〇3 wt% and potassium iodide concentration 0. 3 wt% aqueous solution, 30 ° C), before stretching, until the draw ratio is 3 times, and then doubled in the second cross-linking bath (aqueous solution having a boric acid concentration of 5% by weight, 55 ° C) After stretching, it was further immersed in a third bath (10% by weight of potassium iodide solution, 5 5 ° C) (1 time), and was stretched to a total stretch of 6. 0 times, made into a polarizing element. The obtained polarizing element and a TAC (triethylene fluorene cellulose) film were bonded together by a PVA-based adhesive to prepare a polarizing plate. The transmittance / polarization at that time = 44. 1%/99. 95%. Comparative Example 1 • Roll stretching was carried out using PVA (9X75RS) manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. In the first dye bath (iodine concentration 0. 03% by weight and an aqueous solution having a potassium iodide concentration of 5% by weight, 3 ° C), before stretching to a stretching ratio of 5 times, in a second crosslinking bath (boric acid concentration of 5 wt% and potassium iodide concentration of 1 wt%) In the aqueous solution '55 ° C), apply 1. Stretching at 04 times, followed by 1. Stretched 15 times and dried. The total draw ratio is 6. 0 times. The obtained polarizing element and TAC (triethyl fluorene cellulose) film were applied as a PVA-based adhesive. In combination, it is made into a polarizing plate. Transmittance / polarization at the time = 44. 〇%/99. 6% ° Comparative Example 2 Roll stretching was carried out using PVA (9X75RS) manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. In the first dye bath (iodine concentration 0. 03% by weight and potassium iodide concentration 5% by weight of water soluble 21 This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (please read the notes on the back and fill out this page) i·! ! ----!line"