TWI310111B - Lighting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

1310111 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a display apparatus and an optical apparatus. / [Prior Art] 'The side light type backlight of the liquid crystal display device is provided with a light source on the side of the light guide plate, and a small reflection is arranged on the side of the reflective surface of the majority of the light guide plate. The way the material is reflected to the liquid crystal side. Since the light source is diffused light, the closer to the light source, the more the probability of radiation to the liquid crystal side needs to be reduced. The basic structure shown in FIG. 47 is that the diameter and density of the white paint spot in the vicinity of the light source become smaller, and the farther away from the light source, the larger. (Patent Document 1). However, since there are still the following problems only for the basic structure, it is necessary to use a diffusion >1 (diffuse sheet), a reflection sheet, a prism sheet, or the like in combination. Since the light reflected by the small dots near the light source has a high beam density, it is easy to become a bright spot, and it is necessary to use a diffusion sheet in combination. Since it does not reflect by diffuse reflection points, the more light is behind the light guide plate, the more the light source is reduced, and the efficiency is significantly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to use the reflector. The light reflected by the diffuse reflection point radiates light within the critical angle to the liquid crystal side at the exit angle of the light guide plate, and is multi-reflected on the side of the reflection surface. The light that is irradiated to the critical angle of the liquid crystal is not the vertical direction but the oblique light from the light source side. Since the oblique light causes a decrease in luminance, a method of disposing a cymbal between the light guide plate and the liquid crystal panel and converting it into a vertical direction is often employed (Patent Document 2). Since the diffuse reflection method is accompanied by the reflection of the base passengers, there is also a repeated trial evaluation to make the brightness uniform, which is a problem of inefficiency. To avoid this problem, many proposals have made it close to parallel rays. Arranged to the incident parallel light about 45 in an interactive manner. Metal vapor deposition A light guide plate provided with a reflection plate behind the light guide plate of the reflection surface and the horizontal surface is proposed (Fig. 48, Patent Document 3). Since the light source is diffused light and inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the light source, the beam density is lowered, so that the brightness unevenness becomes large, and there are many elevation angle components near the light source, so it is necessary to reuse the light reflection through the horizontal plane. board. Since the above proposal has a large number of elevation rays in the portion close to the light source, the long side surface is made i to 丨0 by the distance from the light source. The range of the short side is gradually increased in the range of 30 to 50° on the basis of the incident surface, and a light guide plate with improved brightness unevenness is proposed (Fig. 49, Patent Document 4). The distance from the source and the function of the tilt are not displayed. A quadrangular pyramid having a larger reflection area away from the light source is formed on the bottom surface, and a lens with a reflecting surface of the quadrangular pyramid as a focus is disposed on the light-emitting surface of the light guide to emit parallel light to the liquid crystal side (FIG. 5) 0, Patent Document 5). Since the quadrangular pyramid is recessed, the parallel light cannot be incident. Since the reflective surface of the bottom surface is much wider than the quadrangular pyramid, the reflected light in the bottom surface illuminates the far lens surface and is multi-reflected, so that the efficiency is lowered due to multiple reflections. Light tracking is difficult. A plurality of annular parabolic mirrors are arranged on the light guide plate, and a combined parabolic Fresnel ref lection mirror is proposed in Fig. 7 1310111 (Fig. 51 (1), Patent Document 6 ). The light that can be collimated in the direction of the radiation from the point source is limited to the direction of the parabolic mirror, so a mirror is used in combination. If the light from the mirror used in combination is reflected by the two parabolic mirrors, there is a problem of being reflected in a direction shifted from the parallel light. • Patent Document 6 also proposes a method in which a sawtooth Fresnel surface reflection is derived from a linear light source provided in a caustic of a parabolic mirror, as shown in Fig. 51 (2). The parallel light reflected by the mirror is mixed with the direct light from the light source, and the beam density of the parabolic mirror is very large, so it is difficult to uniformize the brightness. A multiple beam splitter method in which the s is further adjusted to reduce the transmittance (tj~ansniission fact or linearly) by a distance of 45° from the light source is proposed (Patent Document 7, Figure 5 2 ). Since the light source is diffused light, the diffused light passes through the beam splitter near the light source, and the beam splitter that reaches the far side is only a parallel light component, so even if the transmittance of the beam splitter is set to a straight line It will also become uneven. An example showing 10 equal parts is shown that the thickness becomes 30 mm in a face size of 300 mm in width, which affects the weight and material cost. In order to reduce the thickness, it is difficult to increase the number of divisions in film thickness control, and sputtering * is a multi-process, and the manufacturing cost becomes high. In a portable machine, a light source using a white light-emitting diode is used for a light guide plate in which a concentric circular fine reflective material is disposed. However, since the bright spot is more remarkable than the case of the line light source, the diffusion sheet is used in combination. As shown in Fig. 54, the directivity of the light source is changed to 1310111 darkness, so that the number of light sources is increased to alleviate (Patent Document 8). - The most orthodox shape of the direct light type is the Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) arranged in a box type. Since the tube type is likely to occur when the thin type is used, it is possible to achieve uniformity by leaving the light source and using the shape of the mirror, the diffusion sheet, and the like (Patent Document 9). Although the method of using the cosine function back-mirror is to show the uniformity of the beam density (Patent Document 1 〇), it is difficult to make the thickness thinner due to the distance from the light source and the pitch of the cold cathode tube. The reduction of the number of light sources. The shape of the mirror is proposed in many ways. Although the ray trajectory is displayed, the uniformity is not clear since most of them are not processed quantitatively. The more the thickness of the diffusion sheet is increased, the more uniform the brightness is, but the efficiency is lowered by absorption. The color display of the liquid crystal is displayed by an additive color mixing method in which a color filter (c〇1〇r f i lter) in which pixels (p i xe丨) are divided into red, green, and blue pigments is dispersed. The color filter is a method in which an unnecessary wavelength component is absorbed by a coloring material. Since the dye is soluble, it has good dispersion, and the transmittance in the transmissive region is high. The advantage of the screen is that the transparent electrode and the alignment WaH_ntfiim 2 become high-temperature due to the process of the color filter substrate (suW). Since the dye has heat resistance and light resistance, the pigment method has become mainstream. The color of the light == is the white light that is irradiated with the pigment particles +, and is carried out according to the reflection=spectral characteristics. When the color light does not hit the medium and penetrates, the color is turned on, and if the pigment content is too high, the transmittance of the transmission region is lowered. And 9 1310111 needs to be micronized and darkened. In order to improve the transmittance, the insulating property is steep, the pigment dispersion ratio and the film thickness are controlled. By the color filter, 2/3 of the unnecessary band is absorbed, and even if it is absorbed in the transmission region, the light transmittance (Hght-transmittance) is 3% or less. The spectrum of the three-wavelength cold cathode tube also contains a plurality of spectra other than three wavelengths. If the spectrum is sufficiently separated, the transmittance of the transmission region is also lowered, and the light transmittance is further lowered. The transmittance of the color filter is the lowest among the liquid crystal devices, and secondly, the transmittance of the entire liquid crystal display device is 8% or less due to about 45% of the polarizing plate. The colored light using the pigment particles becomes scattered light even when incident parallel rays. When the scattered light is incident on the liquid crystal molecules of the vertical alignment and the bend alignment, even in the black display mode, light leakage occurs due to the oblique light, and the contrast is lowered. In the case of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, it is impossible to detect a change in the alignment state due to voltage application in the scattered light. The color filter manufacturing method in the liquid crystal substrate can be produced by a small number of processes, but it is often difficult to use high resolution. Therefore, a photo etching method is often used. However, cleaning, photoresist coating, exposure, and development are performed on the black matrix (b 1 ackmatri X ), red, green, and blue 4 ' layers by photolithography. The curing process is long and requires expensive equipment, so the proportion of the price of the liquid crystal panel is the most expensive. Because of the high luminous efficiency of cold cathode discharge tubes, 10 1310111 is often used for backlighting, but the luminescence spectrum is in accordance with the wavelength conversion characteristics of fluorescent materials, and also contains many spectra other than the three primary colors. In the film NTSCUational Television System c〇mmittee: National Television System Committee) about 70% ° If the NTSC ratio is increased by increasing the density of the color filter, the transmission rate is reduced, and the power consumption (p〇wer consumption) is increased. Since the requirement for color reproduction (d〇1〇r reproduction characteristics) is strong in television, the power consumption is increased by 0. • Since the cold cathode tube method is driven by a high voltage of several hundred V according to the impedance of the operation, An inverter that needs to be boosted by a transformer to the necessary secondary voltage. Since the inverter has a swi tching element and an electromagnetic field noise of the transformer, this countermeasure must be taken. Even if the inverter is required to be highly insulated, it will hinder miniaturization. Since the cold cathode tube requires an inverter and has a problem of miniaturization, etc., it is used as a white light-emitting diode in a portable use or the like. The white light-emitting diode is a method in which a blue phosphor generated by a blue light-emitting diode is irradiated to a complementary yellow light phosphor, which is converted into white light by blue and yellow additive color mixing, and is often used for white lighting applications and the like. In the case of liquid crystal display, the reproducibility of red or the like is poor in the two-color color mixing method, and therefore, an additive color mixing method in which blue light is irradiated to yellow, red, green, or red phosphor materials is employed. However, in order to perform wavelength conversion on the blue light by the fluorescent material, the imbalance ratio is increased by a factor of 2, and even after the change over time, there is no dispute. It is equivalent to the change with time of the fluorescent material. 1310111 Although there are also three-color chips placed in the same package, the offset from the focus of the small package is large, which is unbalanced due to the directivity of the three wafers. In the use of the color reproducibility, the method of mixing the light of the red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes by the color separation 稜鏡* (dlchr〇1C prism) is adopted (Patent Document 11). The three separate optical systems make the size bigger and more expensive. The ratio of the price of the color enamel film is high, and the light use efficiency is reduced to -30% or less. It is easy to reduce the number of segments of the electrode "(4) elbow electr〇de) to 1/3". At that time, the division method is proposed. The time division method is to divide the display period of the kneading plane by 6.6 mS into red, green, and blue 'each 5.6 mS to switch the visual residual image color mixing. The liquid crystal correctly expresses the color tone. (t 〇ne ), the color is a flat period in which the rising period and the falling period of the liquid crystal response are deducted, and if the ratio of the flat period is low, the brightness and the contrast are both lowered. If the moving period is played in the time division mode, red occurs. The three green, blue, and blue images are offset by the resultant color separation (c〇l〇r break-up) on the observer's omentum. The way to prevent this is to insert white in the fourth cycle. A black or intermediate color method or the like is proposed (Patent Documents 1 2, 1 3), but the response speed is 2 mS or less in the 4-minute 'cutting method. The response speed due to the nematic liquid crystal is 5 〇. mS~1〇〇mS, so it is limited to the soundtrack alignment, ferroelectric High-speed liquid crystal material such as ferroelectric liquid crystal or antiferroelectric liquid crystal. 12 1310111 Ferroelectric liquid crystal responds at high speed, and on the other hand, due to zigzag defect caused by herringbone a structure. The light leak makes the alignment control difficult. There are difficulties such as easy to be broken and not self-repairing. If the point source is placed at the focus of the parabolic mirror, the light source can be obtained from the light source to the mirror. The distance from the square of the distance is inversely proportional to - the distribution is concentrated near the optical axis and cannot be uniformly illuminated. Parallel light is also mixed by direct diffused light from the light source. φ parabolic mirror, if a shallow parabolic mirror is used, although the sum of the beams However, if the rear projector is straightened from the rear, the size of the rear projector becomes longer. Therefore, the lens is returned to the lens and the lens is wide-angled, so that the depth can be shortened (Fig. 5, 6). The wide-angle lens of the patent 3 horizontal 1000_, vertical 560mra with an angle of view 60. A wide-angle lens of about 50 〇mm low aberration a wide-angle lens Therefore, because of the countermeasures, the depth of the convex mirror is shortened by using a mirror. Because of this countermeasure, the depth is about 40 Omm, so the vertical limit. 'Because the scanner is to synchronize photography with illumination. In the source, the amount of light is wasted, so the line source is often used. Due to the limitation of narrow-width components such as cold cathode tubes, the display of wavelength characteristics of liquid crystal backlights, etc., although the spectrum of the three primary colors is narrow, the energy source is only used for photography. The situation 'If there is a lack of wavelength, the information ^ (chevron) is prone to light leakage and the layer is structured to parallel light, so the beam density is not only the light source, so the unevenness is projected to the firefly by the projection L. In the depth of the perspective of the face. Because of the increase, it becomes a high proposal. But deeper to use the I line, the surface light source needs to be sacrificed. The method of color mixing can also be lacking, and it is impossible to reproduce the correct color in 1310111. The metai halide lamp is an envelope and also has a halide close to white light, including many ine spectra. Although the xenon iamp has good spectral continuity, but because it contains the line spectrum, it is white by the filter (f i 1 ter ) • it is converted into 6504K. Although incandescent bulbs have spectral characteristics according to Planck's radiation law, they are used without knowing the color temperature (c〇1〇rtemperature) because of their short lifetime. Therefore, the ratio of the infrared line is high, and the efficiency of visible light is 7% or less. These light sources are large in shape and spherical, so a 3-wavelength cold cathode tube of a line source is often used. However, there are various types of fluorescent materials that are line spectra and cannot capture the correct color. [Patent Document 1] [Patent Document 2] [Patent Document 3] [Patent Document 4] [Patent Document 5] [Patent Document 6] # [Patent Document 7]

[Patent Document 8] [Patent Document 9] [Patent Document 1 〇 J [Patent Document 1 1 j [Patent Document 1 2 ;] [Patent Document 1 3 J [Patent Document 1 4 J 曰 特 特 6 6-3 1 3883 Bulletin 曰 特 特 曰 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 7 7 7 7 7 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰Bulletin No. 85020 曰 National Special Publication No. 2006-1 1 445 曰 National Special Opening 2 0 0 5 - 3 5 3 5 0 6 曰 National Special Opening 200 Bu 1 3880 曰 National Special Opening 200 1 - 1 741 Publication No. 2 曰 National Special Publication No. 2005-183005 曰 National Special Opening 2 0 0 2- 1 9 1 0 5 5 曰 National Special Opening 2 0 0 1 - 2 8 1 6 2 No. 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 7-311383 (Patent Document 17) Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-311383 (Patent Document 17) Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. Japanese Patent Publication No. 2000-44614 [Patent Document 2 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 6 1 - 2 9 2 6 0 1 [Invention] The diffuse reflection mode of changing the density of white paint points according to the distance of the light source and the white paint point is that the part close to the light source has a low density of white paint, so it is easy to become a bright spot, and the need to use a diffusion sheet together affects light efficiency, price, and thickness. . Since the portion close to the light source has a low white paint density, it is necessary to prevent the reflection plate from being transmitted to the back of the light guide plate. Since the diffuse reflection in the light guide plate is oblique light, the contrast is lowered, so that the need to convert the probability center into the vertical direction by the cymbal is generated. In order to perform multiple reflections, the evaluation was repeated, and the brightness was degraded 'developed to be inefficient. = sentence Since the color filter absorbs an unnecessary wavelength and obtains the three primary colors, the light transmittance is about 30% or less, and the transmittance in the liquid crystal device is low, and the transmittance of the entire liquid crystal device becomes 8% or less. The coloring in the most color filter is based on the reflection of the pigment particles, 1310111 becomes the scattered light, so the hair is caused by the oblique illumination in the vertical alignment and bending mode, and the black and liquid crystal molecules are caused by the current alignment. Leaking light makes you slant eyes. The color filter is Kameyama to reduce the contrast. k ^ Fine is printed by the photographic etching method, such as the humming matrix, red, green, and blue. Therefore, the black matrix 夕 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 占 液晶 液晶 液晶 液晶 液晶 液晶 液晶The ratio of 1 to i is the same as that of the 3 wavelength white light, and the luminescence spectrum of the tube is the spectrum other than the wavelength of the wavelength 3 of the primary color. The cold cathode tube method, the Thai π two-converter, will affect the size, price, and efficiency. The color of the blue light-emitting diode is irradiated to the mixed color of the red and green phosphors. The color balance of the color system (c〇i〇r baiance) is significantly affected by the blending ratio of the phosphor material. Putting the red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes in the same package, the simple color mixing method of mixing the three colors of light will cause the color balance to collapse according to the direction of viewing. The use of color separation to achieve balance of components is an optical system that is complicated and expensive. The 6 mS deducts the display time by about 3 mS, and becomes about 2. 6 mS, the division of the field period is 1. 6 mS. the following. In the three-division method, there is a problem that high-speed motion is shifted to red, green, and blue, and the color separation is displayed. Although a four-division method or the like is proposed, a high-speed response liquid crystal of about 2 ms or less is required in the four-division method. . Since the rear projector directly projects to the screen from the rear, the size of the rear becomes longer. Therefore, the depth is shortened by using a wide-angle lens through a mirror. In a screen with a width of 1000 mm and a length of 560 mm, a wide-angle lens of 16 1310111 is used at a viewing angle of 60 degrees, and the depth becomes about 50,000 mm. Depth is a limitation in utilization.

As shown in Figures 2(1) to (3), the illumination device is a parallel light conversion means for forming parallel light from a light source such that the transparent material layer is interposed between the light source and the liquid crystal sub-pixel (liquid Between the crystal subpixeG., the color of the 俾 light source 1 对应 corresponds to the color of the control liquid crystal sub-pixel, so as to prevent the uncontrolled color of the light from the light source from mixing with the control color - using parallel light, by parallel light conversion The non-parallel light component generated by the means is an illumination device which can remove the color filter Φ light sheet by total reflection by the groove 3 provided in the plate-shaped body. "Because of the interface with air having a lower refractive index than the transparent material The total reflection is performed under conditions larger than the critical angle, so as shown in Fig. i and Fig. 2 (3), a light shielding groove composed of an air layer is provided between the parallel light which is different from the color in the light guide plate. In addition to the method of forming the groove, the groove may be post-processed by laser processing or the like to form a total reflection layer. The shape of the light guide plate i as seen from the side is as shown in Fig. 2 (2) and Fig. 3 (2). Provided in the light guide plate 1 in which the parallel light propagates The plane spacing is dispersedly arranged in a terrace-like convex reflecting surface 5. The needle-to-convex convex reflecting surface 5 is described later, and the convex reflecting surface 5 expands the direction of the parallel light in a direction slightly and reflects it, by being distributed to the next The combination of the stripe elements described in the item can be collected as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 2. The number of the light source and the number of layers can be collected. The transparent substance is methyl methacrylic acid (PMMA). Resin, alicyclic acrylic resin, cyci〇〇ief resin, polycarbonate (PC), air, etc. are suitable. 131〇111 air is shown in the real. The stripe distribution element is a cross-sectional view in which the in-band 1 of the incident portion is formed as a matrix. In the reflection / • first 1/3 of the light transmission position, the oblique reflection surface 7 makes the rest to 0 The oblique reflection surface 7 which is reversed to the three sub-transmission/reflection distinguishing portions in the same stripe by the reflection-to-side reflection surface 8 is aligned in the mirror direction. In the face 7, the light-transmitting substance is suitable for the material. It can also be achieved by forming the tilt of the planar substrate laminate. By transmitting the oblique reflection surface 7 of the transmission/reflection difference portion to the transmission away from the adjacent side. The incident portion of the same color in the unit of the reflection distinguishing unit. In the example of Fig. 2 (3), the blue light B and the red light R of the green to the terrace-shaped light guide plate 1 are propagated to the upper portion. It can be made into a continuous stripe. According to this structure, the liquid crystal facing surface provided in the stripe distribution element is disposed on the other color in the terrace-like light guide plate 1, and is irradiated by a light source. The number of light sources is compared to the configuration of the 1st pixel. The reflection/transmission distinguishing portion is a structure of the two oblique reflecting surfaces 7 of the transmitting portion 6 for distributing the reflected light not to be adjacently inclined to have a substantially single light to make the incident two obliquely on both sides The liquid crystal pair, the 'reverse reflection of the composite reflection light with good reflection type' can be used as the part of the reflection of the light G, which can be used as the side of the reflection of the side.

The maximum tilt of the I310lll shade is 3 5. 3 °. At this time, the reflected light is obliquely reflected to the water of 9.5 °, which is proportional to the thickness of the stripe distribution element to the far side. The maximum tilt and maximum tilt light angle Θ ' 3 (1) for reflecting the reflected light reflected by the inclined reflecting surface 7 without being shielded by the adjacent reflecting surface 7 is obtained as follows: [Formula 1] tan$r=tan (λ/2 —2*0s) — cot (2 · β s) _ cot 2 Θ s— 1 2 cot 0 s =tan ^ s/ 2 t a. n 2 0 s= 1 / .2 0s=ta: a~1 {1/f 2) =35.26* Θ r= tan =19*4 7 The reflected light of the transmissive portion 6 of the transmission/reflection difference function is distributed in both directions, so that the opening area is 1 / 3. When the emitted light is irradiated to the liquid crystal sub-pixels under the traveling light, the aperture ratio is lowered, so that the proportion of the black frame occupying the screen increases, and the illuminating portion becomes a bright spot. As shown in the figure, a concave lens is disposed in the transmissive portion 6 of the transmission/reflection distinguishing function to illuminate the liquid crystal sub-pixel size to avoid bright spots. In the vertical alignment, in order to fix the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules collapse, the point-symmetric pretilt (PRtiU) is carried out. However, in the diffusion mode, the birefringence is reduced in the vertical alignment mode and the curved alignment mode. (Patent Document 14). A number of configurations such as the patent documents 14, 15 and the like are proposed, and the inclination r which the light beam can be distributed in the flat direction of the liquid crystal sub-pixel is shown as a representative example, as shown in FIG. 1/3, if it is in the flat-1/3. 4, by the beam to expand the tilting into a light guide plate, the double pre-tilt is patented by the method of the 19 1310111 method. By making the alignment structure close to the beam expanding direction, the birefringence of the molecule can contribute to the improvement of the contrast. . If the light source is located in the exit path of the parallel light, the light source parallel light 'also applies direct ray to the reflection flat. As shown in Fig. 2(2), the light source is disposed by the focus of the off-axis parabolic concave mirror or the off-axis parabolic mirror-spherical mirror having a focus at the position offset by the path of the parallel light, so that the parallel light is not blocked by the light source on the light guide plate. . By arranging the light-emitting diodes at the throwing points in the thickness direction and the width direction of the light guide plate, and by arranging the light-emitting diodes in the order of the liquid crystal stripes, a plurality of parallel lights can be supplied. The terrace-shaped light guide plate that receives light from the light source as viewed from the side is a terrace-like structure in which a convex surface is disposed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal side as shown in Fig. 2 ( 2 )'. The convex reflecting surface 5 reflects parallel rays from the light source toward pixels located slightly perpendicular to each other, and has a convex reflecting surface for expanding the pixel size because the convex reflecting surface ratio is small. As shown in Fig. 3 (2), if the convex _ is inclined to a critical angle or more, the entire reverse specular reflection layer may be reflected. In the light source side of the convex reflecting surface 5, the relationship between the formula "' Θ d and the incident angle Θ 1 is satisfied with the horizontal plane: , [Formula 2] $ds:9 0^ - θα by the total reflection condition 01&gt ; 0C, there is a need for the following formula: [Formula 3] Prevents the liquid crystal from not only obscuring the traveling light, but also offsetting the mirror. The mirror is approximately concave and can transmit the focal plane of the object. Face 5 shots. The tilt angle used is 20 1310111 " <9 0® ~θ c Since the light source is not a complete point source, it has parallel tolerance, so 0 d A takes tolerance (allowance). ' Distance to the irradiated body 1 When the width of the light guide plate is thicker than the thickness of the liquid crystal transparent substrate, if the width of the transmissive portion of the sub-pixel is ψ, the width of the circumference of the inclined portion along the convex surface of the light guide plate is d, and the radius of curvature of the convex reflecting surface is Γ It is expressed by the following formula: [Formula 4] Γ = 2 · t · d / (w, d/v~2> Since it is a light guide plate of a terrace-like structure, it can be changed by changing the thickness t caused by the position. The radius of curvature Γ is uniformly irradiated to the width of the transmissive portion of the pixel. The beam expansion ratio is the largest at the thinnest portion of the light guide plate, and the thickness of the liquid crystal transparent substrate is constant, which is 3. In the embodiment, it is because the beam expands light.疋scattered light' can also be applied to high-resolution Lu sub-dispersed liquid crystals where parallel light is necessary. Since parabolic mirrors are inversely proportional to the 2-density of the beam density and the distance between the light source and the point on the reflecting surface, the reflected light The beam distribution is farther from the optical axis - lower. The object line is of the following formula.

[Formula 5]

y 2»! 4 p X ° The distance between the point (x, y) on the parabola and the focus (p, 〇) is h, 21 1310111 then [Equation 6]

Px = x + P = y 2 / ( 4 p ) 屮 P is inversely proportional to the second power of the beam density and the distance between the source and the point on the reflecting surface, so if the beam density is expressed as a function of y [Equation 7] I = I〇/ (y2/ (4 p) +p) 2

Α η is 1, and the range of 〇 to 4 is y ′, then the distance from the optical axis is reduced as shown in Figure 7. The total beam is 积分 to y integral with 〇 to 4 [Form 8] /〇 〇/ (y2/ (4 P) +P) 2 dy .., =I 〇/ 2 p . [ y / (y 2/ (4p) +P) +2tan (2y)] =1. 5 1 · The curve showing the integral of I〇 is shown in Fig. 8. If the range of the optical axis close to the parabolic mirror is used in the light guide plate, and the reflection area of the light guide plate is set to an inverse function and corrected, the thickness increase can be suppressed to make the beam density uniform. The positional function curve of the step difference in the 1.41p parabolic mirror of the focus of the X coordinate and the y coordinate is shown in Fig. 9. The envelope of the cross section of the light guide plate is shown in Fig. 1. Although the parabolic mirror can generate parallel light, the beam density characteristic is The farther away from the optical axis, the lower the beam. In order to make the beam density in the open end of the parabolic mirror even, the beam concentrated near the optical axis needs to be diffused to the peripheral side, at = 22 1310111. The principle diagram ' 0 1 is the flat end Returning to parallel light. Figure 11 shows the angle at which the beam is first enlarged by the angle '0m' is the tilt angle of the mirror. The overall image of the density is shown in Fig. i, and the total light is integrated so that the coordinate beam is connected to the coordinate beam in the open end of the parabolic mirror, and the line is equalized at the open end on the mirror, and the line is uniformized. Diffusion of the ray trajectory. 'The total beam is equally divided in the vertical direction of the optical axis at the open end. The y coordinate on the beam-beam mirror that divides the total beam is obtained by the beam-lubricity distribution. The X coordinate is also obtained. When the point is connected to the point at the opening end, the diffusion angle can be obtained. In Fig. 11, the parallel light of the parabolic mirror 9 is emitted, and similarly, the angle of the inclination of the mirror is increased from One half of the diffusion angle of the parallel light increases. In order to find the tilt of the mirror, the slope of the tangent of the parabolic mirror 9 (sl〇pe) m and the slope of the normal line are required to be -1/m. [Formula 5]

The slope of the point (X 0,y 〇) on the parabola of y 2® 4 p X is differentiated by ,, resulting in [Equation 9] 2 * y * dy/dx - 4 p Equation by tangent, m is [Formula 1 0 ] y —ya-dy/dx* (x-xo) =2 |>/y,(χ-χβ Λ y 2 ρ / yd * (χ χ,〇) Λ m— 2 p/yti 1310111 The line is orthogonal to the tangent, so [Equation 11] -1 /m - y〇/2 p The slope of the mirror is increased under the envelope of the parabolic line. The mirror surface is connected with a fine step. By dividing the paraboloid - the surface, the tangential slope from the half line of the diffusion angle for uniform parallel light is also increased, and can be diffused at a uniform density in the open end of the mirror. The fine mirror surface has a fine step difference and the connection is utilized although The manufacture of the evaporation is possible, but the grinding is difficult, and the error caused by the differentiation may be included. Therefore, the increase in the inclination is made to form the continuous curved method in the beam density uniformizing mirror 22 of Fig. 11. Since the super-symmetric movement is performed To the rear, the beam density distribution curve must be calculated again, but the beam density distribution and the integral curve are small by repeated calculations. Convergence error • The beam expansion in the point of the y coordinate displayed on the mirror is shown in Fig. 13' as a broken line showing the beam density distribution, and the solid line shows the integral curve of the light* in Fig. 14. By the above method The curve is [Formula 1 2 ]

y 2: β · ρ · X — b XC 4, 5<a<7. 5 , 〇Sb, OSc a is the axial length of the mirror, and the beam type of the parabolic mirror of the micro-mirror due to the positive focal length The steaming includes the continuation of the thin line, the integral, and the extremely dense state of the beam density. 24 1310111 The situation of the second item is that the X is longer and the larger the mirror is not conspicuous. a = 5. 8, b = 2. 5, ο can be returned to parallel. It is not necessary to return the width of the interface with the slope of the shirt. The shallow reflector of x<2 has a small contribution', and it is not necessary to use the correction of the second term, and the uniformity is improved by the .b 'c '. X long, that is, caliber 丫7, the further the beam density decreases from the optical axis, so as a ' shows the comparison of the beam density to homogenize the mirror C = 2, p = l in the curve and parabola diagram in Figure 15 The diffused light is incident on the positive focal length refracting surface, and the light 'according to this' can obtain the angle of the refracting surface of the parallel light which is uniform in beam density to the parallel light, as shown in FIG. The positive focal length refracting surface is converted to be parallel to the optical axis θ 3 as [Formula 1 3 ] 03 青in In order to determine the diffusion angle, the line and the lens curve are obtained. The display is converted into a positive focus and a refraction surface. The curve of the refractive surface shown by the curve of Fig. 16 (2) is converted into a refractive area which is changed from the case where the beam density is uniform to Fig. 16 (1). The crystallization is performed by the flat convex lens [Equation 14] θ1) 0 3 ' to form a continuous reflection of the incident light incident on the light guide plate into parallel light. The complex reflection of the mirror without uniform beam density, showing the refracted light converted by the plane, can be obtained by refracting the light-transmitting material, as shown in Fig. 16 (2). Parallel light can also use astigmatism and convergence light. An example of the astigmatism illumination to the air lens is the angle Θ 2 is 25 1310111 0 S ί SL~1 (a Xj/nia β i) by converting the refractive surface into a flat rod & taking the bounds of the tenth axis for the optical axis [Formula 1] 5] The slope of the surface is not so thin that the plano-convex lens with the thickness of the side mirror is thin.

An example of a ~-Fresnel lens is shown in Fig. 6(3). If it is incident on a light guide I with a positive focal length fold, the envelope of the terrace is fixed, and the envelope becomes a straight line. The thinning method is possible. The parallel light generating method which does not use a parabolic mirror is proposed as an inner tilting parabola. In Patent Document 18, the optical axis is inclined to the inner side. The purpose is considered to be [the case of using a xenon lamp due to proximity to the liquid crystal panel. Since the light portion becomes a shadow of the light source, only the central portion of the liquid crystal panel becomes a dark image] 'The reflected light of the inner inclined parabolic mirror is a convergent light, and therefore returns to parallel light by the two lenses. Lu has a parabolic mirror in Patent Document 19. The beam density is proposed as a 'mountain distribution' by an af〇cal system composed of two spectacles. Although the relationship between the non-focus system and the Yamagata is not revealed, it can be considered as As described above, the portion close to the compensation becomes the shadow of the light source. The illumination device having the concave mirror is reflected by the direct light from the light source overlapping mirror, so that the light beam is easily concentrated near the optical axis. In the manner of homogenizing the mirror according to item 8 of the application scope, the optical axis of the shadow conical circle due to the direct light and the axis of the mirror of the Fresnel light guide 10 is in the four patents. The 1310m 2nd power is inversely proportional, so the closer the distance to the illuminated surface is, the more uneven it is. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 17, a direct light is arranged by arranging a light-shielding body with an opening in front of the light source to alleviate the front side of the light source due to the concave mirror reflection. The light beam concentration caused by the overlap of the light and the direct light from the light source 'sets the size and density of the open hole of the light-shielding body by the beam density of the light reflected by the concave mirror to make the light beam uniform/homogenize the illumination mode. The light-shielding body with the opening in front of the light source of the concave mirror is replaced by a convex mirror, and the efficiency is increased by the convex mirror to the concave mirror. The light beam concentration caused by the overlap of the concave mirror reflected light and the direct light from the light source in front of the light source is coordinated with the concave mirror reflection. The beam density sets the ratio of the direct light from the light source and the reflected light from the convex mirror to the opening ratio of the open hole of the convex mirror to make the beam uniform. Illumination method. A convex mirror with an opening is arranged in front of a light source having a concave mirror, and is reflected to the concave mirror to alleviate the concentration of the light beam caused by the overlap of the reflected light from the concave mirror and the direct light from the light source in front of the light source, and the concave mirror will be from the light source. The direct light and the beam density reflected by the convex mirror reflect the amount of transmitted light by the area of the opening of the convex mirror, and the method of homogenizing the light beam forming the opening by the concave lens 11 is as shown in Fig. 18. A concave mirror with an opening is disposed in front of the light source of the depth parabolic mirror, and is reflected by the light source to the rear parabolic mirror 'to make the direct light from the light source coincide with the incident angle of the reflected light reflected by the parabolic mirror and reflect 'to make the direction uniform The beam is uniformized, and by matching the beam density reflected by the parabolic mirror, the opening ratio of the opening portion of the front concave mirror is set to illuminate the beam, and the illumination mode is displayed.

Η2, the fold 1310111 of the low refractive index layer, FIG. 19, and the example in which the opening portion is used as the concave lens 11 is thinner in the case where the illumination type liquid crystal display device is thinner than the second power of the distance of the light source, so that it is easy A tube photo takes place. In order to form and uniformity, as shown in Fig. 21, by converting the direction of the light incident into the plane direction with the inclined reflecting surface, and reflecting the light in the plane direction to the liquid crystal panel with the inclined reflecting surface, uniform illumination can be obtained. In the case of the direct illumination type liquid crystal display device, when the light direction incident on the light guide plate from the direct downward direction is converted into the planar direction by tilting, since the reflective surface portion is not illuminated, it becomes a propagation in the direction of the light source. . The light source is disposed outside the end portion, and the liquid crystal of the triangular prism portion surrounded by the reflecting surface needs to be illuminated for both directions of reflection. As shown in Fig. 2, by using the inclined surface of the triangular prism portion as the separation surface, it is possible to separate into a component which is reflected in the plane direction of the light guide plate and which is formed directly above the inclined surface. The reflection/transmission separation can be separated by angle or by a beam splitter. The critical angle separation can be achieved by disposing a layer having a smaller refractive index than the light guide plate. If the refractive index of the light guide plate is nl, the critical angle 0 c is [Equation 1 6 ] 0 c = s in {η ι/ π 2) The control of the diffusion angle can be solved by applying the patent range 8 to any The setting of the parallelism of the emitted light of the item is realized. According to the case of the beam splitter, it is based on the area ratio of the illumination, etc. Figure 20. The beam and the distance are transmitted from the front to the 反射 reflecting surface and reflected, and the reflection/transmission and the transmissivity at the end of the opposite pixel are set to 12, and the reflection/transmission ratio is set. In the liquid crystal display device of the triangular prism portion surrounded by the reflective surface, the light-emitting liquid crystal display device directly under the plane of the light guide plate is converted into the light guide plate by the oblique reflection surface. •Bright. As shown in Fig. 23, an opening portion is provided in the vicinity of the v-shaped intersection of the two inclined surfaces, and the light incident from the opening is reflected to the opening of the opening portion. The upper side of the v-shaped inclined reflecting surface which is arranged in a terrace shape is arranged. . By the structure in which the reflecting surface on the opposite side of the reflecting surface is emitted to the liquid crystal side, the brightness of the triangular prism portion surrounded by the two inclined surfaces and the surface of the light guide plate outside the triangular portion can be made uniform by the opening area setting. Since a terrace-like inclined surface is disposed directly above the opening, a shadow portion is generated. Therefore, the path of the portion incident to the shadow is set to a part of the inclined reflecting surface. Fig. 25 shows a structure in which a point light source composed of a white light-emitting diode is placed at a focus of a parabolic mirror. Fig. 26 shows a structure in which a point light source composed of three primary color light-emitting diodes is placed at a focus of an off-axis objective lens. In the illuminating liquid crystal display device in which the light incident from the directly below to the light guide plate is converted into the plane direction of the light guide plate by the inclined reflecting surface, as shown in FIG. 24 by the two inclined faces on the opposite side Near the intersection of the v-shape • An opening made up of a concave lens is provided to obtain the light of the triangular prism portion directly above. By diffusing the light incident from the opening portion into the triangular portion directly above by the concave lens, the brightness of the triangular prism portion of the two inclined surfaces and the light guide plate surface other than the triangular prism portion can be equalized by the setting of the opening portion area. Is a 29 l3l 〇lll light direction which is incident on the light guide plate by the oblique reflection surface and is incident on the light guide plate, and is converted into the plane direction of the light guide plate. In the illuminating liquid crystal display device, the opening portion formed by the concave-lens is provided in the vicinity of the intersection of the two inclined surfaces facing the v-shape, and the light incident from the opening is diffused to the upper right corner by the concave lens. The partial structure is as shown in Fig. 24 by means of an exit surface formed by a Fresnel lens surface, which emits light parallel to the triangular prism portion. By arranging the concave mirror and the convex mirror by shifting the focus position to the optical axis direction to offset the position of the incident/extracting light, a beam expander with a focal length of the converted beam width can be constructed (beain expander) ) / Compressor dual-purpose components. The beam expander/compressor dual-purpose component is a component that can be used as a beam expander or as a compressor depending on the direction of travel of the light. The Galiee type of the combined concave lens and the convex lens is large in size due to the limitation of the refractive index, but the degree of freedom of aberration correction by the four-sided refractive surface is often used. Since the beam expander/compressor dual-purpose element consists of mirrors at the same curvature focal length as half of the lens, miniaturization is possible. However, it is difficult to polish the parabolic mirror, and the degree of freedom of aberration correction is small. The optical path can be formed by a transparent material with good formability and dimensional stability. (〇Ptical path) The surface of the concave spherical mirror 'convex spherical mirror is formed by vapor deposition. If it is constituted by a spherical spherical mirror, it will become as shown in Fig. 27. Curvature A circular mirror is a circle that is in contact with the optical axis of a parabolic mirror. Compared with the parabolic mirror, the aberration shown in FIG. 28 is generated. In order to correct the aberration, as shown in FIG. 29, by using the incident/ejection interface formed by the optical path medium as the aberration correction curve, a kind of optical path can be used. The media makes aberration corrections. 30 1310111 constituting a beam compressor arrary that compresses and emits a light beam from a line source to an axial direction, and the stone is continuous from the concave mirror of the frame Z 7 in the oblique direction, and becomes the composition of FIG. If the incident light is obliquely incident from the vertical direction of the upper side of the drawing, the convex mirror can be reflected to the depth direction of the paper surface. If the parabolic mirror or the curved circular cylindrical mirror outside the axial direction is combined in the vertical direction of the paper surface so that the lengths in the depth direction are equal, a beam compressor which can constitute an absolute value ratio of the focal length can be formed. The beam expander/compressor dual-purpose component is shown in Figure 3 2. This configuration can be totally reflected by setting the incident angle to the parallel optical axis to be equal to or greater than the critical angle, and can be constructed at low cost because the steam mirror is not required. It is suitable for the line source that is distinguished by the color, and the illumination method is directly underneath. If the light of other colors is blocked and the light guide plate of the light guide plate is separated from the color, the aperture ratio and the injection efficiency become 1 / The number of colors. Since σ Μ right is suitable for compressing the beam of the line source into a beam of 1/color number, and entering the opening, the parallel light component can be emitted without being shielded, so that the emission efficiency can be prevented from being lowered. A beam compressor that condenses the beam in the axial direction of the line source into a 1/color number is displayed in each color, and the compressed beam is incident on the color guide light in a perspective view (Fig. 3). The light guide is replaced with a Fresnel meniscus lens. The light of the light guide plate formed by laminating the light beams into the respective layers is converted into a planar direction by the inclined & And reflected to the LCD surface. When a line source that differs by color is applied to the sidelight mode, the joint portion of the light guide plate that is laminated differently from the & color is shielded into another color and the q 3 1 1310111 port's aperture ratio, Μ φ 4 thousand is emitted. The political rate becomes 1 / color number. Therefore, if the beam of the line light f is compressed into a beam compressor of the w color number and incident on the opening _ 卩, the flattened light component can be emitted without being shielded. Since the 'line source is arranged in the thickness direction, the beam of light emitted from the beam compressor becomes a distribution according to the arrangement of the light sources in the thickness direction of the light guide plate. By using the beam beam expander 胄6 beam beam pressure and the end device to emit light to the entire thickness of the light guide plate, 'all colors can make the light amount distribution uniform. Fig. 35 (1) is a structure having a terrace-like convex reflecting surface in both directions. When the display surface of the liquid crystal display device is the xy plane and the horizontal direction of the paper is the X axis, the first minute oblique reflection surface having the terraced shape inclined to the y Z plane will be incident on the y-axis direction from the side surface of the light guide plate. Parallel light is converted into a x-axis direction. When the inclined reflecting surface having the small step difference dispersed in the terrace shape is long, the convex curved surface having the long side on the liquid crystal panel side and the short convex reflecting surface on the opposite side are different from the position of the second minute oblique reflecting surface, and the beam can be enlarged to a certain degree. Direction length. When the light beam converted into the X direction in the light guide plate is irradiated to the second minute oblique reflection surface which is distributed and arranged in a terrace shape, the light beam is enlarged by the convex full reflection surface and reflected to the liquid crystal panel located in a slightly vertical direction. . The convex cylinder • the total reflection surface can reduce the length of the far side by increasing the length of the radius of curvature of the incident side to make the density of the light beam incident on the liquid crystal panel uniform. Since the light guide plate of this configuration can achieve uniform beam density with one light-emitting element, it is suitable for a small-sized liquid crystal display device such as a portable device. Since the beam is enlarged by the convex mirror, the diffusion sheet is not required, and the front brightness can be improved efficiently. By setting the oblique reflection surface of the light guide plate to be above the critical angle, the process of vapor deposition 32 1310111 can be eliminated, and the price can be reduced by only one light-emitting element and the light guide plate. The screen is set to xy · · ming for the parallel light incident portion on the xz plane disposed on the xy plane in the preceding paragraph. In order to obtain the light in the 'axis direction of the projection view arranged on the xz plane, the mirror of the first terrace-like structure is arranged in a zigzag-shaped micro-cylindrical convex mirror or a micro-cone to be tilted into a terrace shape. According to this, the reflection center is converted into the X-axis direction by a microcircular convex mirror. The cylindrical convex surface of the mirror disposed obliquely to the z direction with respect to the xy plane is projected onto the xy flat screen, which can be displayed on the xz plane. When the number of terraced segments is small, it is irradiated until the xy is recurved into a trapezoidal shape, and in the lower part of the terrace, the display image in the φ screen becomes trapezoidal, and the gap display performance is generated. Therefore, the trapezoid is required to have no visual effect. Distortion) The number of terraced segments. Because it is overexposed, the processing accuracy of the high mirror is selected to satisfy the range of the display. When a rear view projector is used to form a rear projector, the width of the 560 mm in the longitudinal direction is set to 10 times, and the short side dimension of the element is 56 mm. Others can be constructed with a simple structure, and the display element moves to a plane. The element is projected on the y y axis in the yz plane and the mirror is in the X direction cylinder convex mirror or the tiny 'expanded beam and the second terrace The elements in the vertical direction of the profiled surface can also magnify the image plane of the mirror. If it is repeated or repeated, it will damage the distortion (trapezoid. The number of high divisions, the performance and manufacturing are required to be horizontal 1 〇 0 0 mm, the depth becomes the space to be displayed on the screen 33 1310111 1 0 0mm constitutes the back 30mm, in addition to the thickness of the frame, can be about the depth of the projector. • " In the light source of the shadow device is a surface light source, because the amount of light is wasted, the line source is often used. The line source requires cold cathode tube If the width is narrow, the wavelength characteristic will be sacrificed. Although the light spectrum of the three primary colors is narrow, the additive color mixing is still possible. However, if the wavelength of the light source for photography is missing, the information is missing. The color reproduction is impossible. The fluorescent material of each color of the 3-wavelength cold cathode tube system is a line spectrum, and the metal dentate lamp is high-efficiency and shows that the envelope of the spectral distribution is close to the characteristic of white light, but the cause Contains many line spectra' so it is not suitable for the light source for photography. Although the spectrum of the xenon lamp is good, but because of the line spectrum, it is whitened to 6504K by the calender. The incandescent bulb has a Prang. Spectral characteristics of the law of radiation. If Planck's law of radiation is expressed in terms of energy per unit volume, then [Equation 1 7] 8sn; hc 1 exp (hc/ (k λΤ)) - 1 h: Planck's constant 6. 626xl (T34Js c: speed of light 2. 9979xl 〇 8m / s

k: Boltzmann's constant 1.3807x 10'23J/K Planck's law of radiation is the fusion of Wien, s displacement law and Rayleigh-jeans iaw And development. The value of λ is proportional to Planck's distribution curve and is set to the maximum. Let's set the formula of 34 1310111 as follows: [Formula 1 8 ] . 0=hc/ (lmkT) ·. If you use the schema solution to find the following formula: / [Formula 19 ] exp (― |〇. + β./ S — 1 :: 0 _ then Figure 37, /3 = 4. 965, the peak wavelength becomes: [Formula 2 0 ]; U=hc/ (泠kT) = 2 , 8 9 7 8 X 1 Ο—3 /T (m * K) is consistent with Wien's displacement law. If the unit wave is expressed by the spectral radiance Le, the radiation beam per unit solid angle (sr), length and width (m), Then [Formula 2 1 ]

Le (λ»Τ) ^ 2 h c2___1_ A5 exp (he/ (klT)) — 1 White light Thermal radiation The entire black body line and the dimensional displacement are set to temperature. Since the lamp is 650 4K for the reference white light and 5500K for the photo, the radiation law curve is shown in Fig. 38. Because of the contribution of the lattice vibration, etc., the Planck's law of displacement is very different from that of the perfect black body. The peak wavelength produced by the Wien law in the fully black body of 2800K becomes 1 〇 3 5 nm, but the actual ballast 2800K has a sharp edge at about 400 nm, and the ratio to the black body is about 0. 4 1310111 The higher the wire temperature, the more stupid # w η卩 is shorter, so the usual incandescent bulb is set to a color temperature of about 2800 。. The Planck's law of radiation distribution is defined by the wide wavelength of the visible light. The efficiency of visible light is obtained by the accumulation of the knife. The visible light in 2800 • is 7%. 'Infrared gas 〇. 4. 疋 is 93 /β. Others have lower efficiency due to convective heat transfer with enclosed gas, etc., blue light that emits blue light-emitting diodes to yellow phosphors, white light that is whiteized by complementary colors The diode is often used, but the blue has a sharp spectrum, and the red region is insufficient. Because of the wavelength conversion by the phosphor, the absorption of the blue greatly changes according to the ratio of the phosphor, and the generation is directed. Problems such as chromaticity caused by sex. The red, green, and blue three-color light-emitting diodes are housed in the same package because the spectrum is discontinuous, so it is used for display. The luminous intensity of the light-emitting diode (lumin 〇us in tensj ty) The half value of the peak value of the peak is 2〇nra~6〇nni, so if 6 colors to 9 colors are used, the visible light area can be covered. The dichroic shape of the white light which is 5500K is shown in Fig. 39. The compound and the quaternary compound light-emitting diode have a lattice constant and an energy gap which vary according to the composition ratio of the compound, so the composition is uneven, and the quantum well layer is thick. Inhomogeneous, etc., the illuminating wavelength characteristic is a Gaussian distribution curve. Since the slanted portion of the Gaussian distribution curve is non-linear, it has a waviness curve of about 5% when connected by a half-value wavelength of each color. ° Although the ripple is very small compared to the source of the line spectrum, if the convex portion of the corrugation is absorbed, 36 1310111 can obtain a smooth curve. The ripple is high because the composition of the lower part of the curve is overlapped with the adjacent peak wavelength. Occurs, so the method of absorbing the lower adjacent/knife of the curve is considered. Considering that the organic color ^ u 6 is not absorbed by the photon being vibrated by the 7 Γ vibration, it exhibits the phenomenon of the absorption wavelength of the complementary groove. If there is an absorption peak on the outer side of the hair domain, the lower part of the absorption luminescence knows the spectrum, then it can be corrugated. Convex. ** The interference filter composed of a thin film has a steep characteristic, so that when the wavelength is added to the lower wavelength of the spectrum, a smooth curve can be obtained. • If the absorption wavelength of the dye is equal to the peak wavelength of the light-emitting diode, the absorption curve is also Gaussian, so it can be flattened. In Examples 526 to 530 nra, there are known 100 kinds of tetraphenylphthalocyanine manganese in the absorption of the dye, and the dye is added to the light-transmitting material layer of the light-emitting body having an emission wavelength of 528 nm to suppress the degree of waviness, thereby achieving smooth curvature. A wide variety of pigments are known at one wavelength, and the sharpness of each of the light-emitting diodes can be alleviated by matching the wavelength of the light emission. Since the emission curve of white light generated by the respective color light-emitting diodes is not infrared light or ultraviolet light, it is highly efficient, and it does not have the advantage of not causing ultraviolet light damage, and is suitable for display of art products and cultural assets. The parallel light is incident into the beam compressor, and the beam of the light guiding rod can be converted into a wide beam by the line source. - If the light-emitting element wafers are densely arranged and additive color mixing is performed, the focus of the mirror with the focus can be reflected by white light. Since the color mixing method of the puncturing prism is synthesized by being consistent with the light in the refracting direction and the reflecting direction, it can be precisely controlled by adjusting the amount of the light source in accordance with the refractive index and the reflectance (Patent Document 11), but the size becomes large and expensive. . The electron region of the wavelength portion suppresses the isolation, such as the in-diopter line. It is preferable to select the light that is incident on the long color separation direction. Although the 1310111 light scattering method is not synthesized in the same direction, the scattering color dependence does not recognize the inconsistency of the direction and becomes uniform in the same package. The wafer arrangement of the color light-emitting elements is performed in a positive manner. Only in the transparent resin package, the color is fading, so the diffusing material is mixed into the light-transmitting resin, but the diffuse reflection occurs in the source portion. Therefore, the color near the light source is strongly enhanced. This phenomenon is alleviated. When the thickness of the light-scattering layer is mixed and the amount is mixed, the absorption is increased and the efficiency is lowered. Since the white light-emitting diode composed of the blue light-emitting diode and the light-emitting body is different in directivity and directivity of the light-emitting element, the color tone varies depending on the direction of viewing. Description will be made for the color mixing method according to the present invention. As shown in Fig. 4 1 (1), when a 7-color LED chip is arranged, in the & = section, as shown in Fig. 41 (2), it can be represented by a three-color LED. The directivity of the body is equal, and for the sake of simplicity, the luminous intensity of the illuminating-polar body is equal, and the wavelength of the illuminating intensity sought is illustrative. The right side is linearly arranged in the vertical direction of the three colors of the substrate 59 in the vertical direction of the three parallel light mirrors in the direction of the angle "the three light on the straight line on the focal plane of the η connected focal light source to the focus of the optical path Long according to Snell's law, etc., it becomes 3 points on the synthetic light proportional to the luminous intensity of the light source, because the parallel rays from the light sources on the plane point at fX: therefore all the parallel rays are connected to the focus on the spherical surface. The refractive index is nl, and the refractive index of the null + ° and the second ritual is n2, and the lens is oriented without color mixing. The triangle (color is close to the light. It is a diffused yellow fluorescent body, -Α*. The convexity of each flat wafer is separated by a straight line from each color 1 aw). The optical path length of the focal length is 38 1310111. The width of the optical path length in the air is dlx'. The 9-th structure of the optical path length is expanded. The two-spray αζχ of the machine & A machine is not shown by the following formula: The curve of the focal plane is shown in Fig. 40. [Formula 22] η, · diK+n2 . d2s=—If the factor is set on the focal plane 4 2 垆埤 from a. scattered, so for "" _ loose material layer, then Color is synthesized

The acres of the field were first exposed to white. Due to the expansion of the slave A u diffuser as the book near the focal point - 收 effectively spread. In the case of using a small diffusing material, the transparent refractive material is composed of a reflective material like a white pigment.

The direction of returning to the light source is less, and the read transmittance of the handle is higher. In the case of a bubble, the refractive index ratio is the largest, and the scattering effect can be greatly obtained by suppressing absorption by total reflection of light irradiated to the side surface of the bubble. Since the diffuser layer is intended to limit the direct light component, it is possible to diffuse evenly using the rough surface of the uneven surface. Even if the mirror is used, the focal plane can be formed on the diffuser layer.

In the case of the reflecting surface, direct light from each light source is incident on the path of the light expansion and the path through the mirror. Since the direct light is inversely proportional to the distance from the light diffusing portion, the arrangement of the light source A is easily colored. When the radius of the light diffusion layer is increased, the uniformity is made larger than that of the lens. If the mirror is used as a rice bowl conical shape, as shown in Fig. 43 (1), the light beam having a complementary peripheral portion has a function of enhancing the color of the peripheral portion. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 4 3 ( 2 ), when the vicinity of the opening is contracted like a wine glass, the reflection direction can be converged over the optical axis position of the light-emitting diode. Since the light passing through the mirror is reversed by the mirror image, the arrangement of the 39 1310111 light source is reversed. When the colors of the light of the two paths are mixed, the colors are equal after the combination of the sizes, so that the entire light diffusing layer can be in a state of no color. In the figure, although the reflected light is longer and has a smaller intensity than the direct light, since the reflecting surface is wide over the circumference, the same amount of light as the direct light can be reflected. • The method of mixing the lens with the focal plane allows the focus to be shortened by the refractive index. However, the peripheral light is totally reflected above the critical angle to the substrate side to become stray light. • The method of using the mirror is due to the color mixing of the direct light, so it is necessary to approximate the distance from each light source. The optical axis direction becomes longer. In order to combine these lenses, the range above the critical angle in the lens is taken as the shape of the mirror, and the miniaturization and high efficiency can be achieved. It is an element for converting parallel light incident from one end in the axial direction of the rod-shaped light guiding material into a line light source which emits parallel light having a uniform beam density on the side. Is a beam expander that is arranged in a terrace-like parabolic cylinder or a total reflection of the interface formed by the cylinder on the opposite side of the exit surface to convert the positive focal length of the refractive index plane into a parallel light at the focal position As a conversion element. A light source is converted into a light guiding rod, characterized in that the element is arranged in the longitudinal direction in accordance with the radius of curvature of the thickness of the light guiding rod, and the parallel light having a uniform beam density is emitted as a line light source. In order to mount a transparent electrode or a color light-emitting sheet, the counter substrate of the liquid crystal panel is often made of a glass plate by heat resistance and chemical resistance. In the lateral electric field method, there is no transparent electrode on the counter substrate (Patent Document 16 or the like), and since the counter substrate having no color filter is not exposed to high temperature during the process, it is easy to adopt 40 1310111. A liquid crystal holding substrate composed of a polymer material. The process is shortened by adding a stripe distribution function to the liquid crystal holding substrate. In the case where the liquid crystal substrate and the stripe are distributed to the light guide plate, since the light guide plate is incident on the stripe after being polarized by the polarizing plate, a low birefringence and a transmittance are required. Polymethyl methacrylate has a small birefringence, but has a hydrophilic group (hydrophi 1 ic group), which deteriorates dimensional stability due to moisture absorption. - Considering that the polymethyl methacrylate copolymer is a hydrophilicity of a hydrazine-based _ 〇 _, = 氧 oxygen atom by a hydrogen bond. Water absorption It is known that water absorption is improved by copolymerization with a hydrophobic monomer such as cycl hexyl methacrylate. Since the ether 1 inkage and the carbonate linkage are -〇- in the main chain, the polydecyl methacrylate copolymer is provided in the side chain (side cha i η ) Therefore, compared with polycarbonate, the influence of hydrogen bonding becomes large. Therefore, the alicyclic acrylic resin has a small birefringence and a water absorption ratio proportional to the molar fraction of the fluorenyl phthalate monomer. In the method of low birefringence, a monomer having a reverse polarization direction and a birefringence-free alicyclic acrylic resin have been developed (Patent Document 20 and Patent Document 21). The low water absorption of 0.01% or less is achieved by the polyolefin and the cyclic olefin of the cyclic olefin. The birefringence is as low as that of polymethyl methacrylate (Patent Document 2 2). 1310111 It is important that the light-transmitting polymer maintains transparency and has a birefringence ratio and a water absorption ratio in a well-balanced manner. Since the mechanism for expanding the light beam receives the pressure at the time of liquid crystal injection, it is stable to arrange the concave lens on the side of the light guide plate. This can be achieved by using a mirror that reflects light reflected by the transflective portion to the liquid crystal side as a convex mirror. [Effects of the Invention] Since the parallel light direction is converted by the terrace-shaped light guide plate and distributed to the same stripe by the stripe distribution element, the loss caused by the colorless filter can improve the transmission efficiency of the liquid crystal device to 3 times. Since the beam density distribution generated by the parallel light conversion elements is compensated by the step difference setting of the terrace-shaped light guide plate, illumination with uniform brightness is possible. Since the terrace-shaped light guide plate expands the parallel light in the direction of the target and totally reflects it, the loss is less compared with the scattering method, and the design efficiency is improved and the component cost is reduced. Since the light of the three primary color light-emitting diodes is distributed to the respective stripes, the color development characteristics can be reproduced. The direct-back type backlight can be formed by the three primary color light-emitting diodes, the direction conversion element, the terrace-shaped light guide plate, and the stripe distribution element. By directly combining the beam compactor array, the direct-type backlight can be formed by the line source and the direction conversion element, the terrace-shaped light guide plate, and the stripe distribution element which are distinguished by color. [Embodiment] [Embodiment 1] 42 1310111 A description will be given of an embodiment of the present invention with diagonal 510 fflffl (20. i type), xga (1024, side light and an example of Fig. 2, etc. The drawing size is 408_ The vertical 3〇6_, the pixel pitch is 39^m, and the sub-pixel pitch is 1 3 3 ym. The convex reflective surface of the light guide plate that supplies the field-shaped cross section by converting the light from the light source into parallel light is disposed. The light guide plate in the stripe direction is a polymer sheet having a thickness of 反射·58 mm disposed between the mirror and the transmissive portion.

The field-shaped light guide plate is a sub-mode in which the parallel light is supplied from the light source to the step orthogonal to the stripe direction, and the non-parallel light is totally reflected by the groove interface with the air to form a width of 1.6 mm and 192, and the injection is compressed. forming. In order to achieve high brightness and uniformity, two lamps are disposed on both sides of the light source. The transparent material may be a methacrylic resin, an alicyclic acrylic resin, a cycloolefin resin, a polycarbonate, a polystyrene, an acrylonitrile copolymer resin, an ultraviolet curable acrylic resin or the like. In order to utilize the provision of the grooves, total reflection by air having a lower refractive index than the transparent material. On the side of the reflecting surface facing the liquid crystal side, a terrace-like structure in which 5 丨 2 cylindrical convex reflecting surfaces are arranged at equal intervals is provided. Since the terrace-like section difference of the light guide plate is smaller than the pixel size, the convex reflection surface for expanding into the pixel size reflects the parallel light from the light source toward the pixel of the liquid crystal located in the slightly vertical direction, and the convex reflection surface does not need to be inclined by the whole It is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost by forming a reflective layer above the critical angle of reflection. Since the beam density of the parabolic mirror has a distance dependence from the optical axis, the step difference on the bottom side of the light guide plate far from the optical axis is increased to uniformize the brightness. 43 1310111 The stripe distribution element is required to be inclined to the surface accuracy of the mirrors on both sides. Therefore, in addition to the fluidity, it is suitable for precision molding of cycloolefin resin, polycarbonate, UV-curable acrylic resin, etc., and it can also be highly transparent and low. Birefringent high mobility polymethyl methacrylate and the like. The thickness of the sheet was 0·58 mm', and the mirror portion was vapor-deposited on the liquid crystal side and the terrace-shaped light guide plate side to form an inclined surface for the reduction mirror. Since the aperture ratio of the transmissive portion is reduced to 1/3, a concave lens is disposed in the opening portion as shown in Fig. 4, and the beam is enlarged to have a sub-pixel size. _ The light source is a focus of a parabolic mirror that is common to both the thickness direction and the width direction of the light source portion of the terrace-shaped light guide plate. The light-emitting diodes of 64 colors are alternately arranged in the order of red, green, and blue. The light-emitting diode is offset from the position where the reflected light of the parabolic mirror 9 is not shielded as shown in Fig. 2(2). In this embodiment, 64 light-emitting diodes each having a luminous intensity of 250 mcd are disposed on both sides, and a luminance of 307 cd/m2 is obtained at a light transmittance of 40%. [Embodiment 2] An example of a multi-lamp method in which a three-wavelength cold cathode tube is used in a direct-light illumination type will be described with reference to Fig. 21 and the like. Equipped with a cold cathode tube to homogenize the focal length of the concave mirror of the beam distribution. A light-shielding body with an opening is arranged in front of the cold cathode tube to limit direct light, prevent the occurrence of unevenness of the tube, and a light-shielding body with an opening It is made of a reflective material and is reflected to the concave mirror direction to improve light utilization efficiency. The diffused light that has passed through the opening hole and the non-parallel light that is used to make the beam density uniform by the concave mirror are incident on the convex refractive surface and return to parallel light. At 45. The parallel light reflected by the reflecting surface to the surface of the light guide plate is reflected by the inclined surface above the critical angle of the terraced shape to the liquid crystal direction to correct the beam density of the light source portion. Therefore, the size of the inclined surface and the position of the light guide plate are closed. Be sure. If the configuration of Fig. 21 is provided at both ends, the two-lamp type D can be illuminated directly above the portion of Fig. 24. Therefore, since it is used in the intermediate portion, it is possible to use a large number of lights. For both ends, it can also be used together with Figure 2. - [Embodiment 3] An example in which a terrace-shaped light guide plate, a stripe distribution element, and a three-color cooling tube are applied to the under-light illumination type will be described with reference to Fig. 26. The three-color light source unit is a caustic line in which a cold cathode tube is disposed in a uniform beam mirror, and a body having an opening is disposed in front of the cold cathode tube to restrict direct light and prevent tube unevenness from occurring. The diffused light generated by the opening hole by the light-shielding body as the reflecting material is attached to the concave mirror, and the diffused light generated by the concave mirror and the diffused light is incident on the positive focal length refractive surface of the light guide plate. Return to light. The parallel light of φ 3 colors is condensed by the beam compressor to 1/3, and the color is incident on the through-field of the terrace-shaped light guide plate corresponding to the color of the cold cathode tube. Since the light-transmitting areas are 64 colors, an array of 64 light and contractors is provided. The beam compressor is miniaturized by means of a concave mirror and a convex mirror. Since the beam compressor composed of the Fresnel meniscus lens has a shape, it is easy to form. The terrace-shaped light guide plate 1 is a tilted reflection surface constituting a triangle directly above the beam compressor, and is reflected in a planar direction to be arranged in a terrace shape. Because of the rate of turning into a cathode opening, the beam is homogenized and paralleled. The beam pressure is a trapezoidal cylindrical cylinder. 45 1310111 The convex surface is totally reflected toward the incident portion of the stripe distribution light guide plate. The illumination of the portion surrounded by the triangular prism is the same as the configuration of FIG. 23, and is totally reflected by the open D portion provided at the tip end, and is totally reflected by the convex inclined surface arranged in a terrace shape, and is reflected to the triangular reflection-like inclined reflection surface. Upper side. Since the side of the inclined reflection surface is also a mirror, the reflection to the upper portion is incident on the stripe distribution element 2. A shadowed portion is formed by arranging a convex inclined surface arranged in a terrace shape in the upper portion of the opening portion. Therefore, a path of a portion incident to the shadow is provided. The stripe distribution element is the same as in the first embodiment. $ [Embodiment 4] An embodiment in which a white light-emitting diode of the light guide plate of Fig. 35 is used in accordance with a liquid crystal display device such as a portable telephone is described. The plate light guide and the part source light will be the type of the body light, and the light source will be set to the side of the focus plate, and the outer light axis guide will be flattened by the mirror. The light line is flat to the donor. The astigmatism is large. The large surface of the terrace is expanded. The surface of the plane is reflected by the second plane. The convex surface is convex to the first shape. , the ladder to the same side is not the first section by the shot and the opposite, the convex section is oriented upwards in the deep ladder from the longitudinal two-distance surface of the paper until the end of the shot to the broadcast surface, the surface beam is opposite Convex ο large. The degree of divergence is the same as that of the full-scale spread. The upper diameter is reduced by the half-angle rate. The side-down section of the light is emitted. The crystallographic liquid is directed to the square finger. The half-shooting rate of light and diameter is due to the curvature. The small piece is diminished. On the segment expansion, the mirror must be large in the direction of the edge, and the light is not enlarged. Because of the fact that the board is not required to shoot, the anti-use of the factor 46 1310111 is only made up of a light-emitting diode and a light guide plate, so it is manufactured at the simplest and low price. [Embodiment 5] A rear projection of a rear projection is constructed using a terrace mirror as shown in Fig. 36. Since it is composed of a mirror and air, it is described as a screen size of _1000mm and 560mra, and the enlargement ratio is 1〇--the short-side dimension of the image display element is 56ιηηη and the empty finger to the screen and 8 6mm. . If the number of terraces is 50, the _ difference of the yz mirror is 2.0 mm. The shape of the mirror is set to be: the radius of curvature of the reference surface is 31. 4 mm, and the deepest radius of curvature on the screen surface side is a cone having a radius of curvature of 62.9 mm on the reference surface/display element side and a radius of curvature of 239 mm on the side of the screen member. Convex mirror. This is reflected by the position of the mirror and is illuminated by a screen. The diameter of the radius of the upper section is from 2.7 mm to the radius of the upper section of 9. 4 mm. [Embodiment 6] ' A negative focal length optical system is disposed in the light guide plate emitting portion, and the liquid crystal sub-pixel size is applied to the vertical alignment liquid crystal, and the contrast is shown in Fig. 5. In the vertical alignment, the pretilt is formed in a point symmetrical manner due to the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are collapsed. According to Patent Document 15, the contrast is lowered if the liquid crystal molecules are not caused to be within 3 ° of the vertical direction. In fact, since it is not vertical light, it can be mirrored by a polar camera. In the horizontal and vertical depths, the deepest 207mm, & / display element xy surface inverse convex mirror on the X-direction side of 30mm. The curvature of the segment determines the radius of the semi-large beam to be a good method, so the tilting of the straight alignment will be considered as an improvement.

I3101H will also damage the contrast. The configuration of the alignment direction, [Embodiment 7] is useful for improving the contrast of the liquid crystal molecules in such a manner that the beam is enlarged. An example in which the substrate and the mosquito-dispensing element which hold the liquid crystal are held together, and the process is simplified, is shown in Fig. 6. Since the liquid crystal is held by the substrate stack m or the color filter 'forming a transparent electrode or an alignment film', the process becomes high temperature, and heat resistance is required. Since the light-transmitting polymer is rich in heat, dimensional stability, and gas permeability, it is inferior to inorganic glass. Therefore, inorganic glass is often used as a substrate for holding a liquid crystal.

In the case of the transverse electric field method, since the transparent substrate is not required in the counter substrate, it is not required to be treated at the post temperature, and since the glass transition temperature of the polymer material is not limited, the use of a polymer material having good moldability is possible. Although the polymer film has gas permeability, the stripe distribution member is subjected to a mirror-evaporated film, and the gas permeability is lowered. The streak distribution member is covered with a mirror-evaporated film in addition to the incident portion on the side of the terrace-shaped light guide plate, and is coated with oxidation preventing of the vapor-deposited metal. The surface on the liquid crystal side is a transmission/reflection distinguishing portion, and 2/3 thereof is a mirror portion. Since the sputtering film is dense, it has low gas permeability, and is used for the purpose of preventing oxidation and moisture absorption in the package of |t and gas barrier. Although the transmissive portion exposes the translucent resin, it is possible to perform the gas barrier and the flattening by flattening after covering the inclined portion of the mirror and covering the material with high gas barrier properties. Since the liquid crystal injection pressure is applied, the negative focal length refractive surface 6 of the transmission/reflection difference portion is disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal. [Embodiment 8] A white light-emitting element which constitutes a continuous spectrum using seven types of light-emitting diodes having different wavelengths, and a white light-emitting element 48 1310111 as a light source for scanning a light source of a line light source conversion element will be described with reference to Figs. 44 and 45. An example of a line source. The seven types of light-emitting diodes have peak wavelengths of 440, 487, 52Y, 565, 62, 633, and 657 nm which are continuous at a half value width. In order to arrange seven kinds of light-emitting elements in the vicinity of the center of the substrate, the lens is sealed in a position shallower than the focal plane. The peripheral portion of the mirror is formed by a steeply inclined surface of the substrate and transmitted, and is incident on the mirror. The parallel light emitted from each of the light-emitting elements is a focal plane that is converged by the positive focal length index surface to converge on a spherical surface having the same effective optical path length of each color. Since the direct focus surface does not become a mixed color, the diffusion layer is randomly refracted and reflected at the focal plane, so that the mixed color becomes white light. The diffusion layer may be any of a rough surface, a white pigment dispersion, and a transparent fine particle dispersion having a different refractive index. Unlike the opalescent package of the light-emitting diode, it is possible to mix a thin layer near the focal plane. If the luminous intensity of each of the light-emitting diodes can be set in accordance with the color temperature of the white light, the current value can be used at any color temperature. If a white light-emitting element is disposed at the focus of the off-axis parabolic mirror of Fig. 45, parallel light can be emitted. Since the beam density of the parabolic mirror is further away from the optical axis, the segment difference of the convex reflecting surface is set to be the same as that of Fig. 9, and the beam density can be made uniform. The convex reflecting surface is set to a critical angle or more for parallel light, and total reflection can be utilized. It can be used as a beam expander that converts the beam-expanded light into parallel beam by the positive focal length refracting surface of the exit surface. Since each beam expander has a different distance from the exit surface, parallel light of a uniform beam density can be realized by gradually changing the radius of curvature. [Embodiment 9] A structure in which the light source size is larger than the thickness of the line light source conversion element when the light source is converged by the light is converted into a line light source is shown in Fig. 46. [Simple description of the drawing] / Because of the convenience of explanation, the details are expanded, so it does not necessarily become a relationship. The axisymmetric property diagram is only shown in a positive range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a terrace-like light guide plate distribution member in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a view showing the light traces in the terrace-shaped light guide plate and the stripe distribution element in the embodiment of the present invention by a trigonometric method. Fig. 3 (1) is a view showing the reflected light of the transmission/reflection distinguishing portion of the stripe distributing element. Fig. 3 (2) is a view showing total reflection caused by the inclined reflecting surface of the terrace-shaped light guiding plate. Fig. 4 is a view showing a beam expansion of transmitted light of a transmission/reflection distinguishing portion of a stripe distribution element. Fig. 5 is a view showing the beam expansion of the transmitted light of the transmission/reflection distinguishing portion in the vertical alignment liquid crystal and the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. Fig. 6 is a view showing a state in which a function of distributing stripes is used in common for a liquid crystal transparent base. Fig. 7 is a view showing a beam density distribution of a parabolic mirror in a range in which y is positive. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the distribution of the beam density integral of the parabolic mirror in a range in which y is positive. Fig. 9 is a view showing a step distribution of a light guide plate for homogenizing the density of parallel light beams reflected by a parabolic mirror. 50 1310111 Figure ίο is a diagram showing the thickness distribution of a light guide plate for homogenizing the beam density. Fig. 11 is a view showing the slope of the oblique reflected light and the reflecting surface for making the beam density of the parabolic mirror uniform. • Fig. 12 is a diagram showing an angular state in which obliquely reflected light for homogenizing the beam density of the parabolic mirror is converted into parallel light by a refractive surface. Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the oblique distribution of obliquely reflected light for equalizing the beam density. Figure 14 is a graph showing the integration of the beam density distribution and the beam density reflected by the beam density uniformizing mirror. Fig. 15 is a view showing a curve in which the beam density is uniformized by a mirror or a parabolic mirror in a range in which y is positive. Fig. 16 (1) is a view showing parallel light having a uniform beam density reflected by the beam density uniformizing mirror and the plano-convex lens. Fig. 16 (2) is a view showing parallel light having a uniform beam density reflected by the beam density uniformizing mirror and the positive focal length refractive surface. Fig. 16 (3) is a view showing parallel light having a uniform beam density reflected by the beam density uniformizing mirror and the phenanthrene lens. Fig. 17 is a view showing a state in which the reflected light reflected by the beam density uniformizing concave mirror is - and a convex mirror that reflects direct light from the light source to the light shielding body or the convex mirror and a light transmitted through the opening portion thereof is incident on the light guiding plate. Fig. 18 is a view showing a state in which a lens is diffused to an opening for transmitting direct light. Fig. 19 is a view showing a state in which direct light in front of a light source is reflected by a concave mirror, and the concave mirror reflection is made uniform as a beam density, and the transmitted light of 5 1 I310111 transmitted through the opening of the front concave mirror is irradiated. Fig. 20 is a view showing a state in which the transmitted light transmitted from the opening of the front concave mirror is diffused by the lens. Fig. 21 is a view showing a state in which the light guide plate is inclined by a direct-back type backlight mode, and the reflecting surface converts parallel light having a uniform beam density into a parallel direction. Fig. 22 is a view showing a state in which the direction of the light above the critical angle is converted by the reflection surface inclined in the two directions by the direct-back type backlight method, and the transmitted light is within the critical angle of the liquid crystal irradiation in the upper portion.

Fig. 23 is a view showing a state in which the reflection is performed by the reflection surface inclined in the two directions by the direct-back type backlight method, and the liquid crystal is irradiated to the opening portion by the oblique reflection surface of the back-back portion in the upper portion. Fig. 24 is a view showing a state in which the reflection surface of the two sides in the direct-back type backlight is tilted in the direction (four), and the liquid crystal in the upper right portion is a concave mirror and is irradiated to the entire upper portion. Fig. 25 is a view showing a state in which a direct-light type backlight direction composed of a point light source and a concave mirror is converted by a reflection surface inclined in two directions, and a liquid crystal is irradiated to the opening portion by the oblique reflection surface of the back-back portion in the upper right portion. Fig. 26(1) shows that the direct-back type backlight direction is formed by the two-way terraces by the reflection surface inclined to the two directions by the color plate, and the oblique reflection surface of the point light source and the concave mirror is irradiated to the opening portion. An oblique view of the state in which the transmitted light P liquid is displayed by back-to-back color. Figure 26 (2: γ, '文77 兀 进 进 图 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 Fig. 28 is a diagram showing aberrations caused by a dual-purpose component of a retractor having a curvature mirror and a spherical mirror. Fig. 29 is a diagram showing an integral beam formed by a curve of an incident/ejecting surface. Beam expander/compressor 2. Diagram of the difference. • Figure 3〇(1) is a diagram showing the beam compression and light formed by the mirror. • Figure 3 0 (2) shows the beam compressor array. Figure 31 is a view showing a direct-type backlight using a three-color cold p-beam compressor array, which is incident on a reflective surface that is incident on a terrace-like light guide obliquely in two directions. The part transmits light to be distributed to the state of the color display of the treaty. Fig. 32 is a view showing a beam compressor array formed by a meniscus lens. φ Fig. 3 3 (1), (2> is a display side light type using three colors Cold compression by a beam of mirrors Fig. 34 (1), (2) 疋 shows a state in which the side light type is cooled by three colors by a beam compressor composed of a meniscus lens, and the beam is expanded. Fig. 35(1) shows a flat beam expander composed of a concave mirror made up of a point source and a beam uniformity in a first direction constituting a terrace-like shape (a curved circular mirror or a frame electrode of an image sensor array using components) 'With the 'plate', by tilting the liquid crystal by the two: element when the column is in the state of the cathode tube, when converting the axis direction to the cathode tube, the device converts the axis to convert the reflection surface to the depth of the light 53 1310111 direction The structure in which the light is converted into the second terrace-like reflecting surface and the second terrace-like reflecting surface is irradiated to the backlight of the liquid crystal panel. FIG. 35(2) shows that the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface are not The reflecting surface is a convex mirror, and a part of the state in which the light beam is irradiated to the liquid crystal is enlarged. Fig. 3 6 (1) is a display of the first direction switching reflecting surface which irradiates the parallel light to the projected original to form a terrace shape, and converts the light in the depth direction. In the direction of the second terraced reflecting surface, FIG. 35(2) is a partial view showing a state in which the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface are convex mirrors, and the light beam is enlarged and irradiated to the screen. Figure 37 is a graph of the stone solution = hc / (also mkT). Figure 38 is a graph showing the spectral characteristics of each color temperature according to Planck's law of radiation. Figure 39 is shown by half value width A method of forming a continuous spectrum of white light by successively emitting light-emitting diodes of various wavelengths, displaying characteristics of each element by thin lines, displaying synthetic characteristics by light lines, and smoothing characteristics by filters with thick solid lines, The dotted line shows the spectral characteristics of 55 〇〇 κ.

Fig. 40 is a graph showing a curve of a focal plane when light of a light-emitting diode which is not disposed on a y-axis plane is refracted by a refractive surface of a positive focal length. Fig. 41 (1) (2) shows a state in which the flat light radiated from each of the light-emitting diode chips on the substrate is refracted by the positive focal length refractive surface, and the color is mixed by the focal plane. Fig. 42 is a view showing a state in which the diffusing material is disposed in the vicinity of the focal plane in the vicinity of the focal plane, and the mixed color is reflected and reflected. Figure 43 (1) shows the use of a mirror to diffuse a multi-color illuminator with a diffusion layer.

The light of the light 1310111 The state of the color of the light of the polar body. Fig. 43 (2) is a diagram showing the effect of improving the color mixing effect by using a light-colored cup-shaped reflecting surface. Fig. 4 is a view showing a state in which the mixed color of the parallel light and the peripheral light of the lens are irradiated to the mirror and mixed. Figure 4 5 (1) shows that the terrace surface of the linear light source conversion element in a rod shape is paralleled by the point source and the beam density uniformizing the concave mirror; the large beam is reflected and 'refractive with the exit surface of the cylindrical lens A diagram of the structure of a parallel light. Fig. 45 (2) is a view showing parallel light which is continuous by the convex reflection lens exit surface. Fig. 46 is a view showing a configuration in which a beam condenser converges a light beam when the light source size is larger than that of the line light source converting element, and is converted into a line light source. Fig. 47 is a view showing a configuration of a conventional light guide plate. Fig. 48 is a view showing the configuration of another conventional light guide plate. Fig. 49 is a view showing the configuration of a conventional light guide plate in which the slope in the vicinity of the light source is negative and the distance is increased. Fig. 50 is a view showing a configuration of a conventional light guide plate in which a quadrangular pyramid and a mirror are disposed at the focal point of the exit surface side lens. Fig. 51 (1) is a view showing the configuration of a light guide plate which is constituted by a small parabolic clock spot and a light source. Fig. 51 (2) is a diagram of a well-known J-no-plate of the parallel light reflected by the parabolic mirror by the sawtooth reflection. Figure 52 is a view showing an equal light guide plate obtained by a beam splitter. 53 is a reflection anti-expansion and degree diagram of a mirror showing a conventional diagram of a direct-type backlight. The segment shoots the surface and knows it. 55 1310111 Build and light The color of the light The color of the light Figure 5 4 is a diagram showing the unevenness of the sidelights of the conventional portable machine. Fig. 5 is a view showing a configuration in which a three-color light-emitting diode is mixed by a conical mirror. Figure 5 is a diagram showing the construction of a conventional rear projector. Fig. 5 is a view showing a conventional dispersion state in which a three-color light-emitting diode is mixed with a diffusion material. [Description of main component symbols] 1 (R), 1 (G), 1 (B): terrace-shaped light guide plate 2: stripe distribution element 3: groove 4: opening portion 5: convex reflection surface 6: transmission portion 7: transmission Reflector 8 of the reflection difference portion: Counter mirror 9: Parabolic mirror 1 0: Point source 1 1 : Concave lens 1 2: Polarizer 1 3 : Transparent substrate 1 4 : Liquid crystal layer 1 5 : Light 56 1310111

16: alignment film 17: TFT 18: alignment control inclined portion 19: transparent electrode 20: liquid crystal molecule 21: alignment control tomography 22: beam uniformization concave mirror 23: positive focal length refractive surface 24: convex mirror 25: slit 26: line light source 27 : Light guide plate 28 : Concave mirror 29 : Reflecting surface 30 : Corner column 31 : Mirror 32 : Light rays within the critical angle 33 : Total reflected light 35 : Refractive surface 36 : Negative focal length refracting surface 37 : Low refractive index layer 38 : Light source 39 : Light-transmitting substance 40: Focus 57 1310111 41 : Incidence surface 42: Exit surface 4 3 : Liquid crystal panel 44 : Beam compressor array 4 5 : Parallel light source element 4 6 : Parallel surface 4 7 : Depth-direction conversion reflecting surface 48: Directivity Range 49: Dead angle 50: Light-emitting diode 51: Screen 5 2: Projected original 5 3: Philippine lens 5 4: Beam compressor 5 5: Beam expander 56: Projection device 57: Lens 5 8: Diffusion material Layer 59: Substrate 60: Diffusion material 6 1 : 稜鏡 6 2 : diffuse reflection point layer 6 3 : Parallel light 6 4 : Scattered light 58 1310111 6 5 : Beam splitter 66: Shading or convex mirror

59

Claims (1)

1310111 X. Patent application scope: 1 illumination device, characterized in that: the light from the light source is converted into parallel light by means of parallel light conversion means, and the light is transmitted to the light guide plate by the means of radiation, by the groove provided on the light guide plate The groove totally reflects the non-parallel light component of the flat light, and shields the light source from the plurality of colors. The m of the other color is set at the bottom of the light guide plate from the curvature of the convex reflecting surface. The light beam is reflected to the light source sub-pixel direction to supply the light of the color. The illuminating device of claim 2, wherein the illuminating device is provided with an incident portion of an element of the streak having three incident pixels assigned to each of the same stripe The amount of light passing through 1/3 of the light emitted from the illumination device is transmitted through the liquid crystal sub-pixels located in the vertical direction of the incident portion. The remaining 2/3 of the light is reflected by the reflection surface inclined in the stripe direction, and the reflected light is provided by The liquid crystal on the opposite side of the stripe distribution element is reflected by the reflective surface and incident on the two liquid crystal sub-pixels, so that the three sub-pixels allocated to the same stripe are more suitable for the light from the light source of the plurality of colors, and are distributed to the plurality of colors. Stripes. 3. The illumination device of claim 2, wherein the stripe distribution element assigned to the stripe direction is configured to reflect and distribute the reflected light of the inclined reflecting surface of the transmission/reflection distinguishing portion to away from the adjacent The position of the transmission/reflection difference unit unit 'focuses the incident portion of the same color, and the reflective surface is disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal in the stripe distribution element on the terrace-shaped light guide plate that is propagated by other colors, so that the number of light sources is larger than that of the pixel The number is still small and is assigned to the stripes. 60 1310111 ^, as in the scope of application of the second or third item of the illumination device, by expanding the beam into the portion of the liquid crystal sub-pixel by the 侔钕-, · knife assembly, ', from the optical subsystem' The liquid crystal sub-pixel transmits a bright spot and increases the substantial aperture ratio. 5. If the lighting device of the patent application scope 帛1 is applied, the conversion means is to arrange the off-axis parabolic mirror of the first component such as * or the outside - in the position of the exiting path of the detachment; ρ reflected by the mirror; The reflected light entering is not blocked by the light source, but ip·· is transmitted to the light guiding member. 6. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the incident angle above the boundary angle is transmitted to the convex reflection surface of the light guide plate in the light guide plate and is totally reflected, or the surface is mirrored. Performing reflection, expanding the beam and reflecting it to the object according to the size of the illuminated surface, to the curvature of the convex reflecting surface, and the illumination device according to the first or sixth aspect of the patent application, in order to eliminate the parallel light conversion means The reflection of the parabolic mirror _ the effect of the lowering of the optical axis beam density is increased by making the reflection surface difference of the convex reflection surface disposed on the guide tube inversely proportional to the beam density; the beam density direction is converted and reflected. 8. The illumination device of claim 1, wherein the slope of the mirror of the concave mirror is increased more than the slope of the tangent of the parabola; the light of the light source disposed at the focus of the concave mirror is further enlarged than the parallel light; the open end of the concave mirror becomes The uniform beam density 'includes: by the fact that the open end is more provided with a positive focal length refractive surface, the 'distributed negative density, the anti-soil parallel light spherical mirror 'light source' causes the incident light to be incident on the convex The direction of the reflection of the emitter. The light is further away from the circle k of the light plate to uniformly transmit the parallel light conversion means for converting the parallel light into a 1310111 beam by the k'. 9. The illumination device of claim 1 or 8, wherein the reflected light from the light source disposed at the focus of the concave mirror is parallel to the parallel light by a curved mirror represented by the following formula The direction also enlarges the beam, and the beam density in the opening of the concave mirror becomes constant, y2 = a · ρ · X - b X ^ 4.5 < a < 7.5, 〇 $ b, x: the optical axis direction ' y : the optical axis is positive The intersection direction coordinate, p: the focus coordinate, includes: a parallel light conversion means for converting the diffused reflected light into parallel light having a uniform beam density by providing a positive focal length refractive surface to the opening. 1 0, such as the scope of patent application! The illuminating device of item 8, wherein the parallel light conversion means provided with the concave mirror at the rear of the light source is provided with a light-shielding body having an opening in front of the light source to restrict direct light, and the light source reflected from the concave mirror is lightened in front of the light source The light beam concentration caused by the direct light overlap of the light source is set to the opening ratio of the opening hole of the light shielding body by the density of the reflected light beam reflected by the concave mirror to make the light beam uniform and supply the parallel light. 11. The illuminating device of claim 1 or 8, wherein the opaque mirror with the opening is a convex mirror with an opening, and the concave mirror reflected to the rear of the light source is synthesized and reflected by the cooperation. The direct light of the light source and the beam density of the concave mirror reflected by the convex mirror set the opening ratio of the opening hole of the convex mirror with the opening to alleviate the concentration of the light beam caused by the overlap of the reflected light from the concave mirror and the direct light from the light source in front of the light source. The beams are all sentenced to supply parallel light. 1 . The illumination device of claim 1 or 8 wherein 62 1310111 synthesizes and reflects direct light and beam density from the light source by a concave lens formed on the surface of the &amp; The beam is reflected by the concave mirror and the direct beam concentration from the light source in front of the source area of the convex mirror, and the beam is made uniform to supply parallel light. 1 3. For example, the first or the eighth item of the Shenqing patent range is reversed by a concave mirror at the front by a parabolic mirror with a focal depth or a concave mirror with an item and a ninth item that makes the beam density uniform. : The source is a concave mirror that is reflected to the rear, and the incident angle of the reflected light reflected from the concave mirror from the light is made uniform, and the beam is made uniform, and the opening is provided in the opening of the front concave mirror by the back concaveness. The opening is supplied to supply parallel light. 1 . The illuminating source light of claim 1 is subjected to parallel light conversion, and the parallel light incident directly under the light guide plate is converted into a flat right under illumination type liquid crystal display device by the opposite direction. The convexly convex reflecting surface will propagate in parallel planes of the parallel light. 15. In the first or the 14th aspect of the patent application, the light reflected by the inclined reflecting surface and the light incident directly under the transmitted light plate 1 are separated into components that are reflected to the light guiding blade and transmitted directly to the upper portion of the inclined surface. Also, the opening portion of the mirror 'fit &amp; the amount of light emitted by the mirror reflected light' illuminates the light illuminating device caused by the overlapping of the glare light, wherein the reflected light passing through the light source is disposed in front of the light source of the eighth application patent range The direct light is reflected by the front light, and the light beam is reflected by the direction mirror to make the light beam evenly arranged. In the V-shaped reflecting surface of the line light, the surface direction is reflected and dispersed into a terrace-shaped large light beam. The illuminating device that is irradiated to the liquid item is set to have a v-shaped inclined reflecting surface portion which is irradiated by the plane direction of the guide plate opposite to the direct illumination 63 1310111 illuminating liquid crystal _ 千 &amp; $ 1 . + 1 6. The illumination device of claim 1 or 14, wherein the reflecting surface is disposed on the extension of the opening portion, and is disposed near the intersection of the inclined surface disposed in the opposite direction The light incident on the opening is reflected to the upper side of the v-shaped inclined reflecting surface, and the reflecting surface on the inclined reflecting surface side is emitted to the liquid crystal side. This is surrounded by the v-shaped inclined surface by the setting of the opening area. The brightness of the corner post portion and the light guide plate surface other than the triangular ridge portion are equalized. In the illumination device of the first or the fourth aspect of the patent application, the opening portion formed by the concave lens is provided in the vicinity of the intersection of the inclined faces facing the v-shape, and the opening portion is formed by the concave lens. The structure in which the incident light is diffused to the right upper portion of the prism portion is equalized by the triangular column portion surrounded by the inclined surface facing the v-shape and the light guide plate surface other than the triangular column portion by the setting of the opening area. The illuminating device of claim 1 or claim 14, wherein an opening portion formed by a concave lens is provided in the vicinity of an intersection of the inclined faces that are opposite to the V-shape, and the light incident from the opening is diffused by the concave lens The three-corner portion of the upper right portion emits light parallel to the triangular prism portion by the Fresnel lens exit surface. 1. The illumination device of claim 1 or 4, wherein the parallel light incident means disposed behind the parallel light conversion element of the line source light is provided with a beam beam in the axial direction of the line source The beam compressor array is compressed into a 1/color number, and the emission positions of the respective colors are shifted to form a parallel light that is distinguished by color. The oblique reflection surface that is converted into a planar direction by the light path propagates to the plane direction. 64 1310111 20, such as the scope of patent application! The illuminating device of the nineth item, wherein the beam retractor array is a concave mirror having a coaxial cylindrical reflecting mirror having a focal length and a positive and negative polarities on a cylindrical side, and the axial direction of one of the mirrors is oblique An array of continuous beam compressors that are incident obliquely and reflected to the counter-reflecting facet, and the elements that are reflected by the reflected light and converted beam are formed. - 21. The illumination device of claim 20, wherein the beam/compressor array is provided with a convex mirror at a position where the off-axis concave spherical mirror is equal to the focus position and the optical axis direction, and the absolute value of the focal length is converted to a beam width a component of a beam expander/ &gt;1 dual-purpose component that forms a mirror surface on an optical path medium made of a transparent material, which is corrected by a spherical mirror by the curvature aberration of the incident/ejection surface Aberration. 2. The illuminating device according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the first terrace-like convex reflecting surface having a terrace-like step on the plane when the display surface of the liquid crystal display device is regarded as the Xy plane Parallel rays incident on the side of the light guiding element to the y-axis direction expand the beam in the direction of the x-axis and perform direction conversion. 'The light that is converted into the X direction and expands the beam is irradiated to the second step having a terrace shape on the xy_ plane. The convex reflecting surface expands the light beam to the liquid crystal panel located in a slightly vertical direction and reflects. 23. The illuminating device of claim 6 wherein the display surface is an xy plane to display the direction of the transmitted light as the z-axis, and the projection display element is disposed on the xz plane to illuminate the parallel light in the y-axis direction. In the second terrace, the image is converted in the X-axis direction by expanding the image in the X-axis direction by the first terrace-like convex mirror having a terrace-like step on the yz plane, and irradiating the second terrace with a terrace-like step on the xy plane. The convex reflecting surface enlarges the anamorphic image on the display surface located on the surface of the surface 65 1310111 and reflects the reflected light to enlarge the display image on the screen. 24. In the illumination of the first or sixth aspect of the patent application, by using a convex reflecting surface arranged in a terrace shape, the light beam in the long axis direction of the light guiding object is enlarged, and the light beam is fixed on the emitting surface side. And a rod shape in which the element having the focal length of the focal length and the convex focus is converted into the parallel light is arranged along the exit surface (the line source is emitted. _ 2 5, as in the first or sixth aspect of the patent application) Illumination of the item | Using a plurality of light-emitting diodes having different wavelengths, the wavelength of the luminescence intensity is too 'as a continuous spectral characteristic curve, and the absorption of the pigment having the absorption in the corrugation absorbs the nonlinear synthetic characteristics of the inclined portion due to the wavelength characteristic. The corrugation is used as a continuous spectroscopic characteristic curve, and the diffused color mixture of the diffusing layer is equal to the amount of light from the member, and is used as white light. [6] The lighting device of claim 25, which is emitted from the respective light emitting elements to the same The parallel rays of the direction are connected to the focal element _ group basic elements, and the set of basic elements is applied to all the direction lines to form a focal plane, and a plurality of light emitting diodes are disposed in the spitting lens The light-emitting diode is disposed at the center of the substrate. In the vicinity, the front end of the concave mirror is contracted at the vicinity of the opening of the concave mirror, and is reflected at a position passing over the optical axis of the light-emitting diode, and the reverse display element is placed by the light scattering layer, wherein the in-mass propagation pitch and the opposite focus a 丨 structure, in which each of the illuminating elements is generated by a convex wavelength of a half value; and the use of a point in the focal plane of the parallel light transparent resin portion using a point as a 66 1310111 The direct light cancels the coloring and the color mixing. 2 8. The lighting device of claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal holding substrate comprises a structure in which three sub-pixels in each same stripe have one incident portion, so that 1 / 3 of the light amount passes through the liquid crystal sub-pixel located in the vertical direction of the incident portion, and reflects the remaining 2/3 of the light amount with the reflecting surface inclined in the stripe direction. Emitted light provided by the liquid crystal element in the stripe allocation reflecting surface of the reflector sideways, and enters the two sub-pixels of the liquid crystal. 67