1288206 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種防止引擎重覆啟動之控制裝置及方法，尤 指一種根據啟動開關的On-of f與曲軸角度感測器訊號 (Crankshaft position sensor)，控制啟動馬達的On-off，以防 止引擎重覆啟動，並能達到具有體積小、成本低、再啟動迅速、 易於加裝等優點，且能有效應用於各型引擎上之目的者。 【先前技術】 請參看第一、二圖所示，汽車引擎的啟動系統是由電瓶(1〇)、 啟動開關（11)、啟動馬達（12)(Starter)等所組成。啟動馬達（12) 則由馬達（12)、電磁闕（120)(Solenoid)、超速離合器（121)(〇ver running clutch)、小齒輪（122)(Pini〇n)等構成。啟動開關啟動 時，啟動馬達(12)開始運轉，同時電磁閥（12〇)激磁，而推動小齒 輪(122)與環齒輪(123)嚙合，帶動引擎點火運轉，當引擎轉速大 於啟動馬達轉速時，由於超速離合器的構造限制只能馬達帶動引 擎單向傳動，而引擎無法帶動馬達，所以保護馬達不會因為過度 迴轉(Overrun)而損壞，當引擎已順利點火，而將啟動開關關閉 時’電磁閥不激磁’電磁閥中的回動彈簧推動小齒輪與環齒輪分 離，引擎即正常獨自運轉。 隨者科技的進步’汽車料振動與料愈來愈小，而車室内 部的隔音效果也愈來愈好，在車輛靜止而引擎以急速運轉時，車 1288206 内A乎感覺不到㈣的振動與噪音，駕駛人經常會誤以為引擎已 媳火’而再度啟動，由於鮮轉速已高於啟動馬達的轉速，啟動 馬達f的小齒輪無法與㈣飛輪之輪触合，造成兩錄之輪齒 相互心擊而純，_只是啟動馬達上的小齒輪損壞，重者造成 引擎飛輪上賴齒輪也都損壞，必須吊引擎才能修理，轉成本 極高為昂貴，因此如何設計一個防重覆啟動裝置以保護引擎，是 值得研究並且具有實用性的主題。 目刖大心市售的汽車，於車輛引擎啟動運轉後，並無保 護電路將_馬達之絲電路_，_經常發生重覆啟動的 情形。而少部分汽車(如賓士與雷諾等)職辆處峨械方式 增加-娜護裝置，敎完錢，必須細_财可再度發 動雖二有效c疋在車輛突然總火時，要再啟動時需要較久 時間，在緊練瞒，可齡造成安全_。崎要以此方式 升級使財車輪，因為必須大幅更_賴點火_，也不是 很好的方式’因此有必要進行—個錢、再啟義速、低成本、 容易加裝輪錄啟純置之鄕。在㈣有關引擎啟動研究 有不少文獻’例如本尚司、本田聰、與鳥山正雪所創作之中華 民國發明專利第114881號「引擎啟動兼辅助裝置」專利前案， 它具備有馬達其轉子連結削擎之曲柄軸彻馬達進行引擎 啟動和剌擎進行轉矩獅。林_所創作之中華關新型專 利公告編號第_號「手動、鶴雙則、判擎啟動裝置」 1288206 專利則案’電池有電時’以馬達啟動，無電時，以拉繩啟動器 啟動馬達。賴春霖所創作之中華民國新型專利公告編號第 561912號「遙控模型飛機引擎的啟動裝置」。莊繁昌所創作之中 華民國新型專利公告編號第47r5666號「彳丨擎啟動賴測裝置」， 匕由連接電源的CDI組為中心，該cdi組並分別連接交流發 電機、脈衝感應組及局壓線圈組，可自動檢知啟動器狀態。大 都集中在引擎啟動裝置的改善，而並未發現有防重覆啟動的相 關研究。有關單晶片在引擎上的應用，戀年，周進行機車引 擎控制單元研製（參考讀··刪年，周重石，，機車引擎控制 單7〇研製”，第十六屆機械工程研討會論文）。2〇〇2年，謝文祥 等人以8051單晶片製作出噴射引擎燃料控制器，成功應用於三 菱LANCER/VIRAGE 4G93引擎上（參考文獻：謝文祥、賴俊安、 陳建勳、蕭家正、與郭峰言，”8051單晶片引擎燃料喷射控制系 統之研製，，，國立虎尾技術學院學報，第五期，ρρ· 151_162，2〇〇2 年）。李福星與曾劭鈞、郭恆禎、及黃得裕也進行相關的引擎控 制研究（參考文獻：1 ·李福星與曾劭鈞，，，高速機車引擎喷射 控制系統建立與實驗分析，，，第十九屆機械工程研討會論文， 2002年。2 ·郭恆禎，即時控制韌體與驅動電路研製，碩士論 文，華梵大學機電工程研究所，2003年。3 ·黃得裕，汽車引 擎電腦的設計與實作，碩士論文，國立交通大學電機與控制工 程學系，2003年。）有鑑於習知技術中，尚無一種具有體積小、 1288206 成本低廉等優點，而能普遍有效應用於各型車輛上，以避免因 重覆啟動對引擎造成傷害的引擎保護裝置，本發明人乃積極深 入研究。 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的，在於提供一種具有體積小、成本低廉等優點， 而能普遍有效應用於各型車輛上，以避免因重覆啟動對引擎造成 傷害之裝置與方法。本發明之技術特點，係以單晶片抓取曲軸角 度感測器所量測之曲軸旋轉的脈波訊號；再利用該脈波訊號計算 出引擎之轉速；將所計算出的引擎轉速與預設的門檻轉速做比 對；判斷引擎轉速大於或小於預設之門檻轉速；依判斷結果輸出 啟動指令訊號；及將該啟動指令訊號輸出予啟動馬達電源繼電 器，並依該啟動指令訊號控制啟動馬達電源繼電器呈〇N或〇FF的狀 態，而達到防止引擎重覆啟動之功效。 【實施方式】 請配合參看第三至五圖所示，本發明防止引擎重覆啟動之方 法，係應用在裝設有曲轴角度感測器的引擎上，其主要方法技術 内容，係包括有： 以單晶片抓取曲軸角度感測器所量測之引擎曲軸旋轉的脈波 訊號； 利用該脈波訊號計算出引擎之轉速； 將所計算出的引擎轉速與預設的門檻轉速做比對； 1288206 判斷引擎轉速大於或小於預設之門檻轉速； 依判斷結果輸出啟動指令訊號；及 將該啟動指令訊號輸出予啟動馬達電源繼電器，並依該啟動 指令訊號控制啟動馬達電源繼電器呈0N或off的狀態。 為達成上述本發明之技術，發明人乃進行防止引擎重覆啟動 裝置的系統化設計與製作，針對其原理、構造、電路等進行詳細 的分析與設計，使所設計的防重覆啟動裝置具有體積小、成本低、 再啟動迅速、易於加裝等的優點，而能確實應用於各型引擎上。 研究方法與進行步驟如下·· 按引擎剛啟動時，引擎是由啟動馬達來帶動運轉，此時引擎 轉速大約在250 rpm左右，而引擎啟動轉速會隨電瓶内所儲存電 置的大小而财不同，電容量大，則馬達帶_轉速高，電容量 小，則馬達帶動的轉速低，而當引擎被帶動後能於正確地點火後， PT自行運轉，此時轉速瞬間提升至1⑽以上，然後降至 700〜800 rpm的怠速運轉。 引擎防止重覆啟動裝置的主要關鍵在於引擎啟動狀態的判 疋’而判斷引擎啟動狀態的關鍵在於引擎的轉速，當引擎高於某 -門檻轉速’則為啟動狀態；低於某—門檻轉速則為未啟動狀態。 門檻轉速如輕定得太侧引擎尚未自行點火轉，啟動馬達之 電源即被切斷停止帶動引擎啟動，峨定得太高時，等於沒有本 !2882〇6 裝置一樣，因此所設定之門檻轉速必須比由啟動馬達所帶動的引 擎轉速稍為高一些，才能使引擎順利啟動，於本發明中設定門檻 轉速為300rpm，一則可使啟動馬達能將引擎帶動至足夠啟動的轉 速，二則是當引擎點火運轉後，由啟動轉速提升至怠速轉速的時 間不到兩秒鐘，且引擎轉速一超過3〇〇φιη，啟動馬達之電源立即 被切斷，因此不會有重覆啟動馬達情況發生。此外必須在每隔一 定時間即監測轉速是否停止，以切換啟動馬達之電源。 引擎轉速可由曲軸角度感測器來量測，曲軸位置感測器是利 用來计算引擎轉速及曲轴位置，以控制點火正時及汽油喷射之操 作’它的原理是一種脈波發電機，當曲軸旋轉時，磁阻環的缺口 通過曲轴感測器，會使磁場產生變化而感應產生一組交流脈衝， 送到電子控制器上，其功能為提供曲軸位置訊號，以檢測上死點 k號及計算引擎轉速、作為燃料喷射及點火正時之計算。因此可 利用單晶片來抓取曲轴位置感測器訊號，再以其訊號波形推算出 感測器之量測值與引擎轉速間的轉換公式，即可量得引擎轉速。 由於引擎轉速是由曲軸角度感測器輸出訊號，透過單晶片以量測 訊號的脈波寬度的方式來得知目前引擎轉速。因此，欲算出防重 覆啟動之設定門檻轉速，必須由訊號輸出形式及量測訊號的方式 兩者之關係來求得。由於不同型式的引擎，曲轴角度感測器輸出 訊號的形式會略有不同，在此以MITSUBISNILANCER/VIRAGE 4G93型引擎為例來說明如下： j2882〇6 如第六圖所示為曲軸角度感測器輸出訊號，由圖中可看出曲 軸轉一圈時有兩個脈波訊號，每個脈波訊號週期為18〇。，其中高 · 電位佔7CT，低電位佔11G。。因為引擎轉—財兩個職，若週期 . T為0·1秒，則每轉一圈需時〇·2秒，也就是每秒有5轉或每分鐘 有3〇〇轉，周期與轉速公式為1288206 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a control device and method for preventing repeated restart of an engine, and more particularly to an On-of f and crank angle sensor signal according to a start switch (Crankshaft position) Sensor), which controls the On-off of the starter motor to prevent the engine from being restarted, and can achieve the advantages of small size, low cost, quick restart, easy installation, and can be effectively applied to various engines. . [Prior Art] Please refer to the first and second figures. The starting system of the automobile engine is composed of a battery (1〇), a start switch (11), and a starter motor (12). The starter motor (12) is composed of a motor (12), an electromagnetic enthalpy (120) (Solenoid), an overrunning clutch (121) (〇ver running clutch), a pinion gear (122) (Pini〇n), and the like. When the start switch is started, the starter motor (12) starts to operate, and the solenoid valve (12〇) is energized, and the push pinion (122) is engaged with the ring gear (123) to drive the engine to ignite when the engine speed is greater than the starter motor speed. Because the structure of the overrunning clutch can only drive the engine to drive in one direction, and the engine can't drive the motor, the protection motor will not be damaged by overrun. When the engine has been successfully ignited, the start switch will be turned off. The valve does not excite the 'return spring in the solenoid valve to push the pinion off the ring gear, and the engine runs normally alone. With the advancement of technology, the vibration and material of automobile materials are getting smaller and smaller, and the sound insulation effect inside the car interior is getting better and better. When the vehicle is stationary and the engine is running at a rapid speed, the vibration of the vehicle 1288206 is not felt (4). With the noise, the driver often mistakes the engine for igniting and restarts. Since the fresh speed is higher than the starting motor speed, the pinion of the starting motor f cannot be engaged with the wheel of the (four) flywheel, resulting in two recorded teeth. Mutual attack and pure, _ just the pinion gear on the starter motor is damaged. The heavy ones cause damage to the gears on the engine flywheel. The engine must be hoisted for repair. The cost is extremely high, so how to design an anti-restart device To protect the engine is a subject worth studying and practical. After seeing the car that is commercially available, there is no protection circuit in which the motor circuit _, _ often restarts. And a small number of cars (such as Brunswick and Renault, etc.) are in a mechanical way to increase the number of devices - the protection device, the money must be fine, the money can be re-launched, although the two effective c疋 in the sudden total fire of the vehicle, to start again It takes a long time, and when it is tight, it can cause safety. Saki wants to upgrade the fortune wheel in this way, because it must be significantly more _ igniting _, is not a good way, so it is necessary to carry out - a money, re-initial speed, low cost, easy to install the wheel After that. In (4) there are a lot of literatures on engine start-ups, such as the patents of the "Initiative and Auxiliary Equipment for the Start-up and Auxiliary Device" of the Republic of China Invention Patent No. 114881, which was created by Benshang, Honda, and Toriyama Masato. The engine of the Crankshaft is equipped with an engine for starting the engine and the engine for the torque lion. Lin _ created the Huaguan new patent announcement number No. _ "manual, crane double, the engine start device" 1288206 patent case 'when the battery is powered' start with the motor, when there is no electricity, start the motor with a rope starter . Lai Chunlin created the Republic of China New Patent Bulletin No. 561912 "Starting Device for Remote Control Model Aircraft Engine". Zhuang Fanchang's creation of the Republic of China new patent number No. 47r5666 "彳丨擎Starts the device", which is centered on the CDI group connected to the power supply. The cdi group is connected to the alternator, pulse induction group and local pressure. The coil set automatically detects the status of the starter. Most of them focused on the improvement of engine starters, and no related research on anti-restart was found. Regarding the application of single-chip on the engine, the year of the love engine, the development of the locomotive engine control unit (Reference reading ······················································ In 2, 2 years, Xie Wenxiang and others made the injection engine fuel controller with 8051 single chip, which was successfully applied to the Mitsubishi LANCER/VIRAGE 4G93 engine (References: Xie Wenxiang, Lai Junan, Chen Jianxun, Xiao Jiazheng, and Guo Fengyan, "The development of the fuel injection control system for the 8051 single-chip engine," Journal of National Huwei Institute of Technology, Issue 5, ρρ·151_162, 2〇〇2 years). Li Fuxing and Zeng Yi, Guo Hengyu, and Huang Deyu also conducted related engine control research (References: 1 · Li Fuxing and Zeng Wei,, establishment and experimental analysis of high-speed locomotive engine injection control system,,, the 19th mechanical engineering seminar Paper, 2002. 2 · Guo Hengyi, Instant Control Firmware and Drive Circuit Development, Master thesis, Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hua Fan University, 2003. 3 · Huang Deyu, Design and Implementation of Automotive Engine Computer, Master thesis, National Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Jiaotong University, 2003.) In view of the conventional technology, there is no such thing as small size, low cost of 1288206, etc., and can be widely applied to various types of vehicles to avoid repeated start-up. The inventors of the present invention have actively studied in depth the engine protection device that causes damage to the engine. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method that has the advantages of small size, low cost, and the like, and can be generally and effectively applied to various types of vehicles to avoid damage to the engine caused by repeated starting. The technical feature of the invention is that the pulse wave signal of the crankshaft rotation measured by the crank angle sensor is captured by a single wafer; the engine speed is calculated by using the pulse wave signal; and the calculated engine speed and the preset are calculated. The threshold speed is compared; the engine speed is determined to be greater than or less than the preset threshold speed; the start command signal is output according to the judgment result; and the start command signal is output to the start motor power relay, and the motor power is started according to the start command signal. The relay is in the state of 〇N or 〇FF, and achieves the effect of preventing the engine from being restarted. [Embodiment] Please refer to the third to fifth figures. The method for preventing the engine from being restarted is applied to an engine equipped with a crank angle sensor. The main methods and technical contents include: The pulse signal of the engine crankshaft measured by the crank angle sensor is captured by a single chip; the engine speed is calculated by using the pulse signal; and the calculated engine speed is compared with a preset threshold speed; 1288206 determines that the engine speed is greater than or less than the preset threshold speed; outputs a start command signal according to the judgment result; and outputs the start command signal to the start motor power relay, and according to the start command signal, the start motor power relay is 0N or off. status. In order to achieve the above-described technology of the present invention, the inventor has carried out systematic design and fabrication of an engine re-starting device, and detailed analysis and design of the principle, structure, circuit, etc., so that the designed anti-restart device has It has the advantages of small size, low cost, quick restart, easy installation, etc., and can be applied to various engines. The research method and the following steps are as follows: · When the engine is just started, the engine is driven by the starter motor. At this time, the engine speed is about 250 rpm, and the engine start speed will vary depending on the size of the electricity stored in the battery. If the electric capacity is large, the motor belt has a high speed and a small electric capacity, and the motor-driven rotation speed is low. When the engine is driven, the PT can operate automatically after the engine is ignited, and the speed is instantaneously raised to 1 (10) or more, and then the speed is instantaneously increased to 1 (10) or more. It is idling down to 700~800 rpm. The main key of the engine to prevent the restarting device is the judgment of the engine starting state, and the key to judge the engine starting state is the engine speed, when the engine is higher than a certain threshold speed, it is the starting state; below a certain threshold speed Is not activated. If the threshold speed is too light, the engine will not self-ignite, and the power of the starter motor will be cut off to stop the engine. If it is too high, it will be the same as the 2882〇6 device, so the threshold speed is set. It must be slightly higher than the engine speed driven by the starter motor to enable the engine to start smoothly. In the present invention, the threshold speed is set to 300 rpm, one can enable the starter motor to drive the engine to a sufficient starting speed, and the other is when the engine After the ignition operation, the time from the starting speed to the idle speed is less than two seconds, and the engine speed exceeds 3〇〇φιη, the power of the starting motor is immediately cut off, so there is no repeated starting of the motor. In addition, it is necessary to monitor whether the rotation speed is stopped at every certain time to switch the power of the starter motor. Engine speed can be measured by a crank angle sensor, which is used to calculate engine speed and crankshaft position to control ignition timing and gasoline injection operation. Its principle is a pulse generator, when the crankshaft When rotating, the gap of the reluctance ring passes through the crank sensor, which causes a change in the magnetic field to induce a set of AC pulses to be sent to the electronic controller. The function is to provide a crank position signal to detect the top dead center k and Calculate engine speed, as fuel injection and ignition timing calculations. Therefore, the single-chip can be used to capture the crank position sensor signal, and then the signal waveform is used to calculate the conversion formula between the measured value of the sensor and the engine speed, and the engine speed can be measured. Since the engine speed is output by the crank angle sensor, the current engine speed is known by measuring the pulse width of the signal through a single chip. Therefore, in order to calculate the set threshold speed of the anti-restart start, it must be determined by the relationship between the signal output form and the measurement signal. Due to different types of engines, the output angle of the crank angle sensor will be slightly different. Here, the MITSUBISNILANCER/VIRAGE 4G93 engine is taken as an example to illustrate the following: j2882〇6 as shown in Figure 6 is the crank angle sensor. The output signal, as shown in the figure, shows that there are two pulse signals when the crankshaft makes one revolution, and each pulse signal period is 18〇. Among them, the high potential accounts for 7CT and the low potential accounts for 11G. . Because the engine turns to two positions, if the cycle. T is 0·1 second, it takes 〇·2 seconds per revolution, that is, 5 revolutions per second or 3 turns per minute, cycle and speed. Formula is
接著’以單晶片制峰角度感測器的輸出訊號，單晶片是以計 數器計算簡高電⑽之脈波寬度來得知峨的聊_。本發 明中8051單晶片所使用的振堡頻率為12MHz,則振盪週期為 1/12μ8，❿8〇51單晶片每一機械週期包含12個振盪週期，所以 機械週期頻率為1MHz，機械週期為叫，當計時/計數a模式為i 時，可虿測範圍為50至65535ps。因為8051單晶片以1 μ8的 機械週期時間來計數脈波寬度，若感諸出訊號高電位所佔之角 度為70 ’而單晶片計數值為η，賊輸出訊號週期為 (2) Τ = ηχ^ 將(2)式代入(1)式，可得 rpm =— 3n (3) 因此/、要利用單晶片置取曲轴角度感測器輸出的高電位訊 號什數值η ,代入(3)式，即可求出引擎轉速。 八中單曰曰片微電腦（Single Chip Microcomputer)，乃是將微 電腦基本架構中的五大單元（輸入單元、記憶單元'算數邏輯單 11 1288206 f 元、控制單元、輸出單元）漠縮做在單一 lc晶片上，因此單晶片 微_可以用單-的晶片獨立執行微電腦的功能。使用單晶片來 糾·腦系統具有很多優點，例如，體積小、成本低、實用度 高、接線簡單、週邊元件少、程式可燒錄於EPROM、研發簡單、 擴充性同、與程式撰寫容易等。目前市面上，可見面很多積體電 路廠商所推出的單晶片，例如mTEL(MCS_48、mcs_5i、mcs_96 系列）、MOTOROLA (MC6805、MC68HZ16、麵、及 68330 系 列）、MICROCHff (PIC16C5X 與 Ρΐαπχ 系列）、TI (TM·^ · 等。其中以INTEL公司所生產的MCS系列，使用較普遍，所以 本發明採用8位元的MCS-51來發展系統防止重覆啟動裝置，它 具有下列特性： 1·是一個8位元CPU。 2·含有 4Kbytes ROM/EPROM，8052 有 8Kbytes。 3·含有 128 bytes RAM，8052 有 256 bytes。 4·有四個8位元I/O。 ® 5·有二個16位元計時/計數器。8052有三個。 6· —組全雙工串列通訊埠。 7·有五個中斷源，包括二個外部中斷、二個計時中斷、及一個串 列中斷，此五個中斷源可以分成二層中斷優先順序，而8052 多了一個計時中斷。 再者，關於單晶片程式規劃，本發明的防重覆啟動單晶片程 12 1288206 式包含有主程式、轉速量測中斷副程式、轉速量測溢位中斷副程 式、及啟動馬達繼電器控制副程式等四部份，分別說明如下： · (1)主程式部份：如第七圖所示為主程式流程圖，程式一開始即做 資料區的規劃，包括轉速量測溢位時之預設值（TH〇、Tl〇皆為 FEH)與設定防重覆啟動之門檻值（300RPM)。接著，設定主程 式與中斷副程式之起始位址，主程式起始位址為〇〇H、轉速量測 中斷副程式起始位址為03H、轉速量測溢位中斷副程式起始位址 為0ΒΗ。將程式堆疊區位址移到3FH，清除資料記憶區（位址為鲁 20H、21H) ’啟動馬達電源繼電器設定為QN的狀態。設定計時/ 計數器0溢位暫存器TF0=：l、中斷〇型態控位元IT〇=1 (降緣觸 發）、外部中斷〇為最高優先ΕΧ〇=ΐ、計時/計數器〇為模式i之 工作模式M1=0、M0=1、致能外部中斷GATE=1、c/^ = 〇，呼叫 啟動馬電源達繼電ϋ控綱程式。最後，以迴圈特轉速量測中 斷。 ⑵轉速量測中斷副程式部份··如第八圖所示為轉速量測中斷副程 _ 式’當·腳輸人訊號的第-個下降緣，促使外部情Q產生中 斷時，即由主程式等待迴圈跳至轉速量測中斷副程式中執行，— 進入轉速量測中斷副程式後將A暫存_容推人堆疊區，接著關 閉計數器0停止量測，再將量測值存人資料記憶區，清除計數器 内暫存器之量測值，再度啟動計數器〇，準備下一次的量測，由堆 宜區取出A暫存n内容，返回絲式中_，繼續執行迴圈。 13 1288206 ⑶轉速里測溢位中斷副程式部份··如第九圖所示為轉速量測溢位 中斷獻式’當計數器計數值超過沾您5時，即產生溢位中斷跳 · 至轉速量測溢位中斷副程式中執行，一進入轉速量測溢位中斷副· 私式後’將A暫存_容推人堆疊區，接著_計數器G停止量 測’以植溢位設定值，移入計數器〇暫存器彻與几〇中，由 堆疊區取出A暫存H内容，返回巾_，繼續執行。 (4)啟動馬達繼電器控制副程式部份：如第十圖所示為啟動馬達繼 電器控制副程式，當程式一進入啟動馬達電源繼電器控制副程式φ 時’立即將量測值移入A暫存器，接著做轉速比對的工作，當量 測值不等於門檻值時跳至NSMH做大於或小於門權值的比較，大 於時啟動馬達電賴電H設定為〇N，轉於及小於陳值時則啟 動馬達電源繼電器設定為OFP。啟動馬達電源繼電器〇N_〇FF狀 態没疋完後即跳回主程式中，執行迴圈等待中斷。最後，當引擎 熄火後，程式即停止。當再度發動引擎時，單晶片重置程式重新 執行。 · 睛參看第四、五圖所示，本發明防止引擎重覆啟動之裝置， 主要包括有： 一引擎曲軸角度感測器（20); 一包括有輸入單元、記憶單元、算數邏輯單元、控制單元及 輸出單元之微電腦（21); 一連接該微電腦（21)而使該微電腦（21)接地之導線(22); 14 1288206 一用以連接該引擎曲軸角度感測器（20)及該微電腦（21)之導 線(23); 一用以連接該微電腦（21)與車子之啟動開關（3〇)的導線 (24);及 一用以連接該微電腦（21)與車子之啟動馬達電源繼電器（31) 的導線(25)。 為達成上述本發明之裝置的具體實施，茲將其介面電路設計說 明如下。 如第五圖所示為本發明的介面電路圖，此控制器電路為單晶片 與引擎間的介©’它使單魏曲糾度細器的輸出 訊號，並將單晶片的㈣訊號正確地傳達湘料紅，以控制啟 動馬達的電源，同時也提供單晶片基本的運作電路和所需的電源電 路。其各部分功能如下： ⑴感測器訊號輸入：曲轴角度感測器輸入單晶片的數位訊號，由單 晶片上的中斷訊號接腳INTO接收，引擎曲轴角度感測器是以頻率 的型式輸人單晶片’必須以帽訊號接腳產生中斷使計數器啟動 來計算其頻率週期長度，方可量出引擎之轉速。 ⑵繼電器輸出：啟動馬達電源繼電器控制是經由單晶片做轉速量 測及轉速_•’以決定啟動馬達電源繼妓之〇N書狀態冬啟 動馬達電馳電器是ON驗態時，由單晶片上物p23輸出^ 位訊號，經由7404反相器IC，將低電位轉換成高電位，來驅動電 15 1288206 晶體，而使電流導通’繼電器作動；反之’當啟動馬達電源繼電器 是OFF的狀態時，由單晶片上埠腳P2.3輸出高電位訊號，經由期 反相器’將高電位轉換成低電位，使電晶體截止不導通，此時的電 晶體是當成一開關使用。 (3) 電源供應：由於引擎上所提供的電源為12至14伏特之電壓， 而控制器上晶片所用的電壓為5伏特，因此需將12伏特之電壓降 為5伏特。此外引擎上的電源會隨著負載的增加，如點亮車燈、打 開空調設備、與引擎啟動時瞬間的電壓降等因素，造成電源的電壓鲁 產生不穩疋的情形，因此控制器的電源除了降壓外，必須穩壓，以 減少因電壓變動而造成電路的不正常工作，此部份電路本發明可利 用7805的穩壓lC(32)來達成穩壓及降壓的功能。 (4) 防重覆啟動裝置絲：如細、五_示為防重覆啟動装置安 裝於引擎系統情形，控制器訊號輸入端接到y擎上之曲轴角度感測 器’控制器之控制訊號端分別接至點火開關ST端及啟動馬達5丁端 肇 子控制器之電源正極線接至點火開關IG端，最後須將控制器之 電源負極與引擎之接地相連接。 本發明元成程式撰寫及介面電路設計製作，將之連接引擎實驗 \、、、進行測減，將程式先載入單晶片模擬器進行測試，並以數位儲 八波器π己載分析各部分訊號，找出錯誤的原因，進行各項修正設 2。在完全沒問題後，將程式燒錄至89C51單晶片取代模擬器，而 完成本裝置的研製。 16 1288206 、上所述僅為本發明之—可行實施例並非用以限定本發明 之專利範圍’凡舉依據下列申請專利範圍所述之内容、特徵以及其 精神而為之其他變化的等效實尬 幻寻欢貫苑，皆應包含於本發明之專利範圍 内。 綜上所述，本發明所具體界定於申請專利範圍之技術特徵， 未見於同峨術而具新穎性’且較習知技術具進步性，並能供產 業充份糊’已符合發明專利要件，爰依法具文提出巾請，謹請 鈞局依法核予專利，以維護本申請人合法之權益。 · 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係習知引擎啟動系統之簡單示意圖； 第二圖係習用之啟動馬達構造簡單示意圖； 第三圖係本發明之防重覆啟動的方法流程示意圖； 第四圖係本發明之裝置配合引擎之架構簡單示意圖； 第五圖係本發明之裝置暨介面電路示意圖； 第六圖係本發明曲軸角度感測器輸出訊號示意圖； _ 第七圖係本發明之主程式流程示意圖； 第八圖係本發明之轉速量測中斷副程式流程示意圖； 第九圖係本發明之轉速量測溢位中斷副程式流程示意圖；及 第十圖係本發明之啟動馬達繼電器控制副程式流程示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 (10)電瓶 （11)(30)啟動開關 （12)馬達， (120)電磁閥 （121)超速離合器 （122)小齒輪 17 1288206 (123)環齒輪 (22)(23)(24)(25)導線 (20)感測器 （21)微電腦Then, the output signal of the peak angle sensor is made by a single chip, and the single chip is used to calculate the pulse width of the simple high power (10) by the counter to know the _ _. In the present invention, the 8051 single-chip uses a vibration frequency of 12 MHz, and the oscillation period is 1/12 μ8. The ❿8〇51 single-chip includes 12 oscillation periods per mechanical cycle, so the mechanical cycle frequency is 1 MHz, and the mechanical cycle is called. When the chronograph/count a mode is i, the detectable range is 50 to 65535 ps. Because the 8051 single chip counts the pulse width with a mechanical cycle time of 1 μ8, if the angle at which the signal is high is 70 ' and the single chip count is η, the output signal period of the thief is (2) Τ = ηχ ^ Substituting (2) into equation (1), you can get rpm = - 3n (3) Therefore, you should use the single-chip to take the high-potential signal value η of the crank angle sensor output and substitute it into equation (3). The engine speed can be found. The Single Chip Microcomputer is a five-unit unit (input unit, memory unit 'arithmetic logic unit 11 1288206 f element, control unit, output unit) in the basic structure of the microcomputer. On the wafer, therefore, the single-chip micro_ can perform the functions of the microcomputer independently with a single-chip. Using a single chip to correct the brain system has many advantages, such as small size, low cost, high practicality, simple wiring, few peripheral components, programs can be burned in EPROM, simple development, scalability, and easy programming. . At present, there are many single-chips introduced by integrated circuit manufacturers, such as mTEL (MCS_48, mcs_5i, mcs_96 series), MOTOROLA (MC6805, MC68HZ16, surface, and 68330 series), MICROCHff (PIC16C5X and Ρΐαπχ series), TI. (TM·^·, etc. Among them, the MCS series produced by INTEL Company is more commonly used, so the present invention adopts the 8-bit MCS-51 to develop a system to prevent the repeated starting device, which has the following characteristics: 1· is a 8-bit CPU. 2· Contains 4Kbytes ROM/EPROM, 8052 has 8Kbytes. 3. Contains 128 bytes RAM, 8052 has 256 bytes. 4. Has four 8-bit I/O. ® 5· Has two 16-bit Timing/Counter. There are three 8052. 6·-Group full-duplex serial communication. 7· There are five interrupt sources, including two external interrupts, two timing interrupts, and one serial interrupt. It can be divided into two layers of interrupt priority order, and the 8052 has one more time interrupt. Moreover, with regard to single-chip programming, the anti-restart start single-wafer process 12 1288206 of the present invention includes a main program, a speed measurement interrupt subroutine, The four parts of the speed measurement overflow interrupt subroutine and the starter motor relay control subprogram are as follows: · (1) Main program part: As shown in the seventh figure, the main program flow chart is displayed at the beginning of the program. Make the planning of the data area, including the preset values when the speed measurement overflows (TH〇, Tl〇 are all FEH) and set the threshold for the anti-restart start (300RPM). Then, set the main program and the interrupt subroutine. The starting address, the starting address of the main program is 〇〇H, the starting address of the speed measurement interrupt subroutine is 03H, and the starting address of the speed measurement overflow interrupt subprogram is 0. The program stacking area address is shifted. To 3FH, clear the data memory area (address is Lu 20H, 21H) 'Start the motor power relay is set to QN state. Set the timer / counter 0 overflow register TF0 =: l, interrupt 〇 type control bit IT 〇=1 (falling edge trigger), external interrupt 〇 is the highest priority ΕΧ〇=ΐ, chronograph/counter 模式 is mode i working mode M1=0, M0=1, enable external interrupt GATE=1, c/^ = Hey, call to start the horse power supply relay control program. Finally, measure the speed in the loop (2) The speed measurement interrupt subprogram part ·· As shown in the eighth figure, the speed measurement interrupt subroutine _ type 'when the first falling edge of the foot input signal causes the external situation Q to generate an interruption, That is, the main program waits for the loop to jump to the speed measurement interrupt subroutine to execute. - After entering the speed measurement interrupt subroutine, the A temporary storage _ volume pushes the stacking area, then turns off the counter 0 to stop the measurement, and then measures The value is stored in the data memory area, the measured value of the register in the counter is cleared, the counter is started again, and the next measurement is prepared. The contents of the temporary storage n are taken out from the heap area, and returned to the silk type _, and the execution continues. ring. 13 1288206 (3) The overflow test interrupt interrupt subroutine part ·· As shown in the ninth figure, the speed measurement overflow interrupt is issued. 'When the counter count value exceeds 5, the overflow interrupt jumps to the speed. The measurement overflow interrupt interrupt is executed in the subroutine. After entering the speed measurement overflow interrupt, the sub-private type, 'A temporary storage _ capacity pushes the stacking area, then _ counter G stops the measurement' to set the overflow level setting value. Move into the counter 〇 register and a few ,, take the A temporary storage H content from the stacking area, return the towel _, continue to execute. (4) Start the motor relay control subprogram part: as shown in the tenth figure, start the motor relay control subroutine. When the program enters the start motor power relay control subroutine φ, 'immediately shift the measured value into the A register. Then, the work of the speed comparison is performed. When the equivalent value is not equal to the threshold value, jump to NSMH to make a comparison greater than or less than the gate weight. When it is greater than the start, the motor power supply H is set to 〇N, and the value is less than the value. When the starter motor power relay is set to OFP. Start the motor power relay 〇N_〇FF state, then jump back to the main program and execute the loop waiting for interrupt. Finally, when the engine is turned off, the program stops. When the engine is restarted, the single chip reset program is re-executed. · See the fourth and fifth figures, the device for preventing the engine from being restarted mainly includes: an engine crank angle sensor (20); an input unit, a memory unit, an arithmetic logic unit, and a control a microcomputer (21) of the unit and the output unit; a wire (22) connecting the microcomputer (21) to ground the microcomputer (21); 14 1288206 for connecting the engine crank angle sensor (20) and the microcomputer (21) a wire (23); a wire (24) for connecting the microcomputer (21) to the start switch (3) of the car; and a starter motor power relay for connecting the microcomputer (21) to the car (31) wire (25). In order to achieve the specific implementation of the apparatus of the present invention described above, the design of its interface circuit will be described below. As shown in the fifth figure, the interface circuit diagram of the present invention is a single chip between the single chip and the engine. It makes the output signal of the single-wei curve correcting device and correctly transmits the (four) signal of the single chip. In order to control the power of the starter motor, it also provides the basic operating circuit of the single chip and the required power supply circuit. The functions of each part are as follows: (1) Sensor signal input: The digital signal of the input signal of the crank angle sensor is received by the interrupt signal pin INTO on the single chip, and the engine crank angle sensor is input in the frequency type. The single chip 'must generate an interrupt with the cap signal pin to enable the counter to start to calculate the length of its frequency cycle to measure the engine speed. (2) Relay output: start motor power supply relay control is based on single-chip speed measurement and speed _• ' to determine the start of the motor power supply 妓 〇 书 书 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬 冬The p23 output ^ bit signal, through the 7404 inverter IC, converts the low potential to a high potential to drive the electric 15 1288206 crystal, and makes the current conduct 'relay action; otherwise' when the start motor power supply relay is OFF state, The high-potential signal is output from the pin P2.3 on the single chip, and the high-potential is converted to a low potential through the inverter, so that the transistor is turned off, and the transistor is used as a switch. (3) Power supply: Since the power supplied from the engine is 12 to 14 volts, and the voltage on the chip on the controller is 5 volts, the voltage of 12 volts is reduced to 5 volts. In addition, the power supply on the engine will increase with the load, such as lighting the lights, turning on the air conditioning equipment, and the voltage drop instantaneously when the engine starts, causing the voltage of the power supply to be unstable, so the power supply of the controller. In addition to buck, it must be regulated to reduce the abnormal operation of the circuit due to voltage fluctuations. This part of the circuit can use the 7805's voltage regulator lC (32) to achieve voltage regulation and buck function. (4) Anti-restart starter wire: If the anti-repetition starter is installed in the engine system, the controller signal input terminal is connected to the control signal of the crank angle sensor 'controller on the y engine The positive pole of the power supply connected to the ignition switch ST end and the starter motor 5 and the scorpion controller is connected to the ignition switch IG end, and finally the negative pole of the controller is connected to the ground of the engine. The invention is designed and produced by the element programming and interface circuit, and is connected to the engine experiment, and is tested and reduced. The program is first loaded into the single-chip simulator for testing, and the digital storage octave is used to analyze each part. Signal, find out the cause of the error, and make various corrections. After completely no problem, the program was burned to the 89C51 single chip to replace the simulator, and the device was developed. 16 1288206, the above is only the present invention - the feasible embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is equivalent to the contents, features and spirits of the following claims. All of them should be included in the patent of the present invention. In summary, the present invention is specifically defined in the technical features of the scope of the patent application, is not found in the same art and has novelty 'and is more advanced than the prior art, and can be used for the industry to be full of paste' has met the requirements of the invention patent , 爰 具 具 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出 提出[The following is a simplified schematic diagram of the conventional engine starting system; the second drawing is a simplified schematic diagram of the conventional starting motor structure; the third drawing is a schematic flow chart of the method for preventing the repeated starting of the present invention; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a device and interface circuit of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an output signal of a crank angle sensor of the present invention; _ seventh figure is the main body of the present invention Schematic diagram of the program flow; the eighth diagram is a schematic diagram of the speed measurement interrupt subroutine flow of the present invention; the ninth diagram is a schematic diagram of the speed measurement overflow interrupt subroutine flow of the present invention; and the tenth diagram is the starter motor relay control of the present invention Schematic diagram of the subprogram flow. [Description of main component symbols] (10) Battery (11) (30) Start switch (12) Motor, (120) Solenoid valve (121) Overrunning clutch (122) Pinion 17 1288206 (123) Ring gear (22) (23 ) (24) (25) wire (20) sensor (21) microcomputer
(31)穩壓1C(31) Voltage regulator 1C
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