1287042 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種應力消除方法，特別是指一種工 件殘留應力的消除方法。 【先前技術】 -般經由鑄造、輥壓、冷力熱處理、銲接等不同 加工程序的工件，均普遍存在有殘留應力，而該殘留應力 在材料本身可承受的限度内，通常是無法以肉眼得知，因 此，設計者的設計條件往往忽略此殘留應力的問題，惟， 此-殘留應力是許多銲接缺陷及破壞發生的原因，可能合 造成構件變形，導致構件接合、組裝時困難，及材料易^ 龜裂等問題，是提昇品質必須相當重視的問題。 而目前消除殘留應力的方法很多，概略可分成熱處理 與機械處理兩種。 利用加熱消除殘留應力的方法稱為應力消除退火（1287042 IX. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a stress relieving method, and more particularly to a method for eliminating residual stress of a workpiece. [Prior Art] - Residual stress is generally present in workpieces that are processed through different processing procedures such as casting, rolling, cold heat treatment, welding, etc., and the residual stress is usually invisible to the naked eye. Therefore, the design conditions of the designer often ignore the problem of residual stress. However, this residual stress is the cause of many welding defects and damage, which may cause deformation of the components, resulting in difficulty in joining and assembling the components, and easy material. ^ Problems such as cracks are issues that must be taken seriously when improving quality. At present, there are many methods for eliminating residual stress, and the rough can be divided into heat treatment and mechanical treatment. The method of eliminating residual stress by heating is called stress relief annealing (
Stress-Relief Annealing)。主要是以適當的溫度（再結晶温度 )均勾地加熱該工件，然後持溫一段時間，使該工件在高溫 時產生再結晶，晶粒重新成長，釋放殘存於材料内部的應 力。惟，此方法必須精確控制加熱溫度、持溫時間及冷卻 速率，才能完全釋放殘留應力，及避免工件收縮不均，反 使殘留應力增加的情形，不但設備較為昂貴、程序及控制 條件相當繁雜，且上述設備會受場地的大小而有所限/ 利用機械方式消除殘留應力的方法可以錘擊（pee_ )為代表，主要是對銲件的焊道進行錘擊，使銲道表面產 5 1287042 並產生壓鈿應力，消除殘留在銲道上 之拉伸應力。惟，此太、、土 μ杳& , 匕方法的貫作經驗多於科學的數據，有 技制不易、精確度無法掌控的缺失。 另有一種以機械式振動消除工件殘留應力的方法，雖 然可以使工件在發生共振時，達到消除殘留應力的目的， 惟^由於振動頻率與共振頻率習習相關，也直接影響消除 殘二應力的效果，因此，在無法確實知道共振振 的情形下’根本無法提昇應力消除的效果，對於 的設定，也會因為1的不同，無法獲得-客觀的桿準。 【發明内容】 铩旱 因此’本發明之目的’即在提供—種能以機械式#動 消除殘留應力的工件殘留應力的消除方法。 η式振動 驟.：n:rr留應力的消除方法是包含下列步 驟.乂驟-.ι備-可改變振動頻率的機械式振動 :動：是與一工件連結’可在振動過程中，將二 该工件，使該工件產生共振。步驟二：製備一 與該加速規電連接的-示波器，該加速以與該工件t ，可量測振波的振幅與頻率，並顯示在該示、° 三：由該示波器觀測該工件的J£振# Π 。步驟 卞刃、微波，並調整該機 動器的振動頻率，至該示波器顯示出該工件發生古 ^ 波。 Χ Ν頻共振 本發明的功效是能在工件發生高頻共振波時 除殘留應力的效果。 捉歼肩 【實施方式】 1287042 、有關本ι明之刚述及其他技術内容、特點與功效，在 μ下配合參考圖式之_個較佳實施例的詳細說明中，將可 清楚的呈現。 參閱目1、圖2’本發明玉件殘留應力的消除方法的較 佳實施例包含下列步驟： 、步驟一 ··製備-可調整振動頻率的機械式振動器i。該 振動器1在本實施例是以-偏心凸輪(.圖未示)轉動造成振動 ’其頻率與轉速成正比，可藉由調整振動器i的轉速，造 成不同頻率的振動。該振動器1是設置在一工件4上，並 將振動時的振波傳遞至該工件4，使該 表㈣成有-銲道41，及與該銲道41相隔：^ 1cm、1.5cm、2.5cm的位置，標示有四個應力量測點a、B 、C、D。 γ驟一·製備一加速規2及一示波器3。該加速規2是 设置在該工件4 ± ’可量測共振發生時振波的振幅與頻率 。該示波器3是與該加速規2電連接，且能顯示振波的振 幅與頻率。 步驟三：操作者可藉由該加速規2與該示波器3量測 及頌示該工作4是否有共振而產生共振波，如圖3 ,及能在 漸漸提高該振動器1振動頻率的過程中，從該示波器3觀 察到該工件4是否發生高頻共振波，如圖4，使該工件4在 特定的頻率產生高頻共振約二十分鐘，並在高頻共振的過 程中釋放能量。 藉此，以無震動（〇ΗΖ)的試片，及經整體共振（58112：)的 1287042 5式片做為對照組，與本發明經高頻共振（48HZ)消除殘留應 力的甙片4進行比較，參閱圖2、圖5，主要是針對前述試 片4里/則與该銲道41相隔〇.5cm、lcm、1.5cm、2.5cm的 四個應力量測點A、B、c、D，參閱圖5的實驗數據，可以 明顯的看出，在無震動（0ΗΖ)時，工件的最高應力值高達 55〇mpa，最低應力值也有約250mpa、在整體共振（58HZ)時 ，工件的最高應力值約為43〇mpa，最低應力值約為16〇mpa ，及在發生高頻共振（48HZ)時，工件4的最高應力值不超 k 250mpa，最低應力值也僅有約i25mpa，顯然，當工件4 在南頻共振的過程中所測得的殘留應力值最低，消除殘留 應力的效果也最好。 據上所述可知，本發明之工件殘留應力的消除方法具 有下列優點及功效： 本發明是以機械式振動消除殘留應力，再搭配該加速 規2與該不波器3量測及顯示該工件4發生高頻共振波的 時機’不但可以有效地消除大部分的殘留應力，大幅的減 少能源的浪費、不受到施卫場地的限制，且能簡化程序、 降低成本’使本發明更具實用性及方便性。 以上所述只是本發明之一較佳實施例而已，當不能以 此限定本發明實施之範圍’即大凡依本發明巾請專利範圍 及發明說明内容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍屬本 發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 8 1287042 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1是一正視圖 方法的較佳實施例； 說明本發明— 工件殘留應力的 消除 的一工件； 中該工件發生整 工件發生高 工件的殘留Stress-Relief Annealing). The workpiece is heated at a suitable temperature (recrystallization temperature), and then held for a period of time to cause the workpiece to recrystallize at a high temperature, and the crystal grains re-grow and release the stress remaining inside the material. However, this method must accurately control the heating temperature, holding time and cooling rate in order to completely release the residual stress, and avoid uneven shrinkage of the workpiece, and the residual stress is increased, which is not only expensive, but also complicated in procedures and control conditions. And the above equipment will be limited by the size of the site / the method of mechanically eliminating residual stress can be represented by hammering (pee_), mainly by hammering the weld bead of the weldment, so that the surface of the weld bead is 5 1287042 and The compressive stress is generated to eliminate the tensile stress remaining on the weld bead. However, the experience of this method is too much, and the experience of the method is more than the scientific data. There is a lack of technical skills and the lack of precision. There is another method of eliminating the residual stress of the workpiece by mechanical vibration. Although the workpiece can achieve the purpose of eliminating residual stress when resonance occurs, the vibration frequency is related to the resonance frequency, and directly affects the effect of eliminating the residual stress. Therefore, in the case where the resonance vibration cannot be surely known, the effect of stress relief cannot be improved at all, and the setting of the pair may not be obtained due to the difference of 1 - an objective alignment. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for eliminating residual stress of a workpiece capable of eliminating residual stress by mechanical movement. Η-type vibration step.: The method of eliminating the residual stress of n:rr includes the following steps. Step--Machine-mechanical vibration that can change the vibration frequency: motion: is connected with a workpiece 'can be in the process of vibration, The workpiece is resonated by the workpiece. Step 2: preparing an oscilloscope electrically connected to the accelerating gauge, the accelerating with the workpiece t, measuring the amplitude and frequency of the vibration wave, and displaying the indication, the third: the J of the workpiece observed by the oscilloscope £振# Π . Steps 卞blade, microwave, and adjust the vibration frequency of the machine until the oscilloscope shows that the workpiece has an ancient wave. Ν Ν Frequency Resonance The effect of the present invention is the effect of removing residual stress when a high frequency resonance wave is generated in a workpiece.歼 歼 【 【 【 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 870 Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2', a preferred embodiment of the method for eliminating residual stress in a jade article of the present invention comprises the following steps: Step 1, Preparation - A mechanical vibrator i capable of adjusting the vibration frequency. In the present embodiment, the vibrator 1 is caused by the rotation of an eccentric cam (not shown), and its frequency is proportional to the number of revolutions. By adjusting the rotational speed of the vibrator i, vibrations of different frequencies are generated. The vibrator 1 is disposed on a workpiece 4, and transmits vibration waves during vibration to the workpiece 4, so that the watch (4) is formed with a bead 41 and separated from the bead 41: ^ 1 cm, 1.5 cm, The 2.5cm position is indicated by four stress measurement points a, B, C, and D. γ 一 一 · Prepare an accelerometer 2 and an oscilloscope 3. The accelerometer 2 is set to the amplitude and frequency of the vibration wave when the workpiece 4 ± 'measures resonance occurs. The oscilloscope 3 is electrically connected to the accelerometer 2 and is capable of displaying the amplitude and frequency of the vibration wave. Step 3: The operator can generate a resonance wave by measuring and indicating whether the work 4 has resonance by the acceleration gauge 2, as shown in FIG. 3, and can gradually increase the vibration frequency of the vibrator 1 From the oscilloscope 3, it is observed whether or not the workpiece 4 generates a high-frequency resonance wave. As shown in Fig. 4, the workpiece 4 is caused to generate high-frequency resonance at a specific frequency for about twenty minutes, and the energy is released during the high-frequency resonance. Thereby, the test piece without vibration (〇ΗΖ) and the 1480742 type piece of the overall resonance (58112:) are used as a control group, and the slab 4 of the present invention which eliminates residual stress by high-frequency resonance (48HZ) is performed. For comparison, referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, mainly for the four stress measurement points A, B, c, D of the test piece 4/with the bead 41 being separated by 5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2.5 cm. Referring to the experimental data of Figure 5, it can be clearly seen that in the absence of vibration (0 ΗΖ), the highest stress value of the workpiece is as high as 55 〇 mpa, the minimum stress value is also about 250 mpa, and the highest workpiece is at the maximum resonance (58 Hz). The stress value is about 43 〇mpa, the minimum stress value is about 16 〇mpa, and when high-frequency resonance (48HZ) occurs, the highest stress value of the workpiece 4 does not exceed k 250mpa, and the minimum stress value is only about i25mpa, obviously, When the workpiece 4 has the lowest residual stress value measured during the south frequency resonance, the effect of eliminating the residual stress is also the best. According to the above description, the method for eliminating residual stress of the workpiece of the present invention has the following advantages and effects: The present invention eliminates residual stress by mechanical vibration, and then measures and displays the workpiece with the acceleration gauge 2 and the non-waver 3 4 The timing of high-frequency resonance waves' can not only effectively eliminate most of the residual stress, but also greatly reduce the waste of energy, not subject to the limitation of the guarding site, and can simplify the procedure and reduce the cost, making the invention more practical. And convenience. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, that is, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made by the scope of the invention and the description of the invention are still It is within the scope of the patent of the present invention. 8 1287042 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a preferred embodiment of a front view method; illustrating the present invention - a workpiece in which workpiece residual stress is eliminated; in which the workpiece is generated, the workpiece is high, and the workpiece remains.
圖2是-頂視圖，說明該較佳實施例中 圖3是一示意圖，說明該較佳實施例 體共振時的共振波； 圖4是一示意圖，說明該較佳實施例 頻共振時的共振波；及 ^ 圖5是一示意圖，說明該較佳實施例中兮 應力分佈圖。 Λ 1287042 【主要元件符號說明】 1 "… ……振動器 2…*· ♦…♦加速規 3…… ……示波器 4…… ……工件 41… •…桿道 A · *......應力量測點 B..........應力量測點 C"…··…應力量測點 D..........應力量測點Figure 2 is a top plan view showing a preferred embodiment of Figure 3, which is a schematic view showing the resonance wave of the preferred embodiment when the body is resonant; Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the resonance of the preferred embodiment of the frequency resonance Waves; and Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the stress distribution map of the preferred embodiment. Λ 1287042 [Description of main component symbols] 1 "... ......Vibrator 2...*· ♦...♦Acceleration gauge 3............Oscilloscope 4.........Workpiece 41... •...Rodway A · *.... ..stress measurement point B..........stress measurement point C"...··...stress measurement point D..........stress measurement point
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