TWI264415B - Heat transfer fluids with heteroatom-containing nanocapsules - Google Patents
Heat transfer fluids with heteroatom-containing nanocapsules Download PDFInfo
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- TWI264415B TWI264415B TW94142040A TW94142040A TWI264415B TW I264415 B TWI264415 B TW I264415B TW 94142040 A TW94142040 A TW 94142040A TW 94142040 A TW94142040 A TW 94142040A TW I264415 B TWI264415 B TW I264415B
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- Prior art keywords
- nanocarbon
- heteroatomic
- sphere
- heteroatom
- solution containing
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002088 nanocapsule Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOCC(C)O JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QUBBAXISAHIDNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylbenzene Chemical group CCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C QUBBAXISAHIDNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QNCMDFVHPFYZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;2-methylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCO.CC(C)CO QNCMDFVHPFYZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 bis-methyl ethyl Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006612 decyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
1264415 九 '發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於一種液冷式散熱裝置所需使用的流體,特別關於一 種δ異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶液,作為熱導管(heat pipe)或具微流管 之導熱模組内熱傳導流體之應用。 【先前技#ί】
一知電腦、電子、電器、通訊及機械等產品,在經過一段時間 之運轉過程後,會持續消耗電功率而產生熱能,該熱能對設備本身 的穩定及效能的影響相當大,為了使電子產品之各項電子組件正常 操作必需確保該電子產品係在一預設之溫度範圍内操作,因此熱 散功能乃是在設計各項電子產品時極為重要之課題之一。但是隨著 產品,計不斷的創新改進,使得產品之使用時間更長,相對地也造 ^更多的熱能產生,並且隨著電子產品的尺寸越來越小,而使得熱 =越來越集中(即所熱點),而傳統❹空氣冷卻(散熱片或是 扇)之單純散熱設計,除了具有增加產品的體積及衍生鳴音等 、…、卜,亦無法有效地快速導出或分散熱能。 為解決上述問題,業界提出使用熱⑽叫㈣成水冷式散 ::波置一般來說,係以純水料冷卻液。然而,純水的熱傳 導度不佳’隨著筆記型電腦之運算速度加快及製程微小化的趨 勢’需要藉添加高導熱材於流體中,卩更高導熱效率的流體作 為液々式政熱ι置之導熱流體,提升整體系統散熱效能。 【發明内容】 本發明之目的在於提供一種包含異原子奈米破球之導熱洛 液’以作為散熱裝置之冷卻液。藉由異原子奈米碳球高熱傳導 0424-A21384TWF(N2);P029400l4A01;phoelip 5 ⑧
正 醇 1264415 度(大於1800W/mK)、高表面積及質輕的性質,增加冷卻液的熱 傳導效率,進而提昇散熱裝置的散熱能力。此外,異原子奈米 碳球之直徑小於 lOOnm,且及易於分散於液體中,非常適用於 具有微米流道(管徑約數個至數十個μηι)之散熱裝置中。 為達上述目的,本發明所述之含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶液, 包含一流體,以及複數之異原子奈米碳球分散於該流體中,其中該 異原子奈米碳球之重量百分比係介於〇·〇ΐ〜l〇wt%,較佳係介於 〜4wt%,以該含異原子奈米碳球之溶液總重為基準。 本案發明所用的異原子奈米碳球(Hetero-Nanocapsules)是一種 換雜異原子的奈米碳材,具有封閉的多層石墨層結構外殼,該石墨 層的紐成以化學式C(D)X來表示,其中,C表示碳原子,具有sp2的 混成執域結構,D可為氮、硼、磷或硫原子,與碳原子形成鍵結,χ 為0.0001至〇_1之數字。此種具有異原子之奈米碳球可為中空形狀, 或在内部含有金屬或金屬化合物。 本發明所述之異原子奈米碳球可添加至習知任何液冷式散熱I 置或熱導管(heat pipe)所使用之導熱流體中,以形成本發明所述之勺 含異原子奈米碳球之溶液。在本發明之較佳實施例中,該導熱#胃 可為水、油或是有機溶液,例如:醇類、醚類、酮類、酸、驗、匕 類、或芳香族溶劑,像是:水、甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、曰 丁醇、異丁醇、t-丁醇、t-戊醇、乙二醇、乙二醇單甲基醚、乙— 單乙基醚、丙二醇單乙基醚、苯乙烯、醋酸乙酯、曱笨、二 ’ 甲乙酮、丙酮或其混合。 以下藉由數個實施例及比較實施例並配合所附圖式,以更進 步說明本發明之方法、特徵及優點,但並非用來限制本發明之範圍 本發明之範圍應以所附之申請專利範圍為準。 0424-A21384TWF(N2);P〇2940014A01 ;phoelip 6 1264415 【實施方式】 本發明所述之異原子奈米碳球為一種由封閉的多層石墨層結構 所組的多面體碳簇。奈米碳球外殼的石墨層,中間部份都是六員環, 而在邊角及轉折部份則有五員環組成,每一個唆原子皆為Sp2構迕。 奈米礙球的特殊層石墨結構使其具有高的熱傳導性、導電性、纟士構 強度、穩定性等優點。 该異原子之奈米碳球’其设層為完整封閉的多面體結構,這點 與全碳的奈米碳球相同,但在此異原子奈米碳球之多面體碳镇的外 部石墨殼層中,部分的碳原子為氮、硼、磷、或硫等異原子所取代, 則有別於一般的奈米碳球,如第1圖所示。這使得原來純碳結構的 石墨殼層因氮、硼、磷、或/及硫等異原子的存在,具有多電子或電 洞的特性,而成為一種具異原子特性的奈米碳粒子,請參照第2圖, 係顯示摻雜硼(B)之異原子奈米碳球在室溫下的電子自旋光譜 (ESR),從圖中可知,該摻雜硼之異原子奈米碳球帶有未成對電子 (Lone pair) 〇 奈米碳球石墨層上有少量的碳被氮、硼、磷或/及硫所取代,並 不致改變石墨的六員環或五員環結構,其上每個原子(包括摻雜的異 Φ 原子)仍為sp2混成執域構造,仍具有類石墨的特性與許多未飽和雙 鍵的構造。由於N或B原孑較會傾向sp3的構形,因此,異原子出 現在奈米碳球石墨殼層會導致石墨層間的熱傳導與電子傳遞的能力 較純碳的石墨層高。請參照第3圖’係為異原子奈米碳球的高解析 度電子顯微鏡(HRSEM)照片。 本發明之特徵之一在於,利用異原子奈米碳球石墨層上摻雜了 氮、磷、硼或硫之多電子或缺電子的特性,使其對極性溶液(水相) 有較佳親和力,使其得以分散溶於溶液中。此外,藉由氮、磷、硼 或硫等異原子的反應性,可鍵結(或配位鍵結)氫原子、烷基、烷氧基、 0424-A21384TWF(N2);P02940014A01 iphoelip 7 1264415 鹵素、虱氧基、氨基、金屬原子或有機金屬錯合物,使其帶電荷後 而更增加對溶液的分散性。在異原子上的鍵結與一般官能基化修飾 的不同點在於:異原子鍵結時會變為SP3構形,並不破壞石墨層的 完整;而一般官能基化修飾則會打開雙鍵而破壞石墨層的結構完整 (破壞雙鍵共振),也破壞了石墨面的熱傳導性。例如,以摻雜氮(N) 奈米碳球(Doped-NNanocapsules)為例,當N原子上鍵結氫質子(H+) 後,會將電荷轉移到N原子上,使Doped-N Nanocapsule粒子帶正 電荷(如第4圖所示),而增加異原子奈米碳球與極性流體(例如:水、 醇類等有機溶劑)之間的作用力(溶解度),因此不需要額外使用任何 > 之界面活性劑即具有極佳之分散性。此外,奈米碳球由於其粒徑介 於1〜100nm(多數約30〜40nm)之間,在使用微流道設計之散熱裝置 中具有非常好的流動性能。 在習知技術中’有以奈米碳材例如奈米碳黑或奈米碳管、中空 或内含金屬的純碳奈米碳球等,作為知:幵流體熱傳導效果之添加 劑。然而’純碳石墨結構的導熱與導電具方向性,在平行石墨層的 平面具高導熱(電)性,在垂直石墨層的方向導熱(電)性極差。因此外 層石墨層無法有效傳導熱到碳簇顆粒的内部。此外,影響奈米流體 _ 熱傳導性的因素,除了流體與溶質本身的熱傳導度外,所添加的奈 米粒子在流體中的運動性也有很大的影響;異原子奈米竣球含電子 或電洞、在極性溶液中具有較其它純碳奈米碳球(或碳材)更易分散、 與改質的優點,因此更適合作為奈米導熱流體的添加材。 異原子奈米碳球的外殼為多層石墨結構,内部可為中空的 (hollow),或是填充具磁性之金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬碳化物、金屬 硫化物、金屬氮化物、金屬化物、或金屬合金於其内部,金屬的 含量可為O.lwt%至8〇wt%。該金屬或其化合物可包含%、v、Cr、
Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Y、Zr、Mo、Ru、Rh、pd、La、Ce、pr、Nd、 0424-A21384TWF(N2);P029400l4A01;Ph〇elip 8 1264415
Ta、Os、Ir、Pt、Th、
Gd、Tb、A卜 Zn、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Lu、 或U專金屬原子或其組合。 為使異原子奈米碳j求更易於均勻的分散在該流體中,本發明進 v藉由化學反應的方式’將特定之分子與異原子奈米碳球石墨層 上之異原子(N、B、p或S原子)鏈結,使得異原子奈米魏鍵結(或 配位鍵結)氫原子、烧基、絲基、錢、氫氧基、氨基、金屬原 子或有機金屬錯合物,使其帶電荷後而更增加對流體(例如:水、醇
類等有機,合劑)之間的分散性,因此本發明不需要使用任何額外之界 面活性劑即具有極佳之分散性。 含異原子奈米碳球之溶液的製備 將lOOmg之摻雜氮(N)異原子奈米碳球(D〇ped_N 與分散溶於l〇Gg之水中,配製成G.lwt%的異原子奈米碳球水溶液。 異原子奈米碳球流體性質鑑定 分別取純水與上述O.lwt%的摻雜氮(N)異原子奈米碳球,並測 量其熱傳導度,測量結果如下表1所示: 表1 純水 0.1 wt%(Doped-N Nanocapsules)水溶 液 熱傳導度 (W/mk) 0.64 — 0.92 由表1可知,添加異原子奈米碳球的水溶液之熱傳導度係為鉦 添加奈米碳球純水的1·4倍,因此以異原子奈米碳球作為添……、 確實可大幅提昇原溶液(例如水)的熱傳導度。 ’ 0424-Α21384TWF(N2);P02940014Α01 ;phoelip 9 1264415 雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發 明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍内,當可作 各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範 圍所界定者為準。
0424-A21384TWF(N2);P02940014A01 ;phoelip 10(D
1264415 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係顯示本發明一具體實施例之具有異原子之奈米碳球的 外層結構示意圖。 第2圖係顯示摻雜硼(B)之異原子奈米碳球在室溫下的電子自 旋光譜(ESR)。 第3圖係顯示本發明一具體實施例之摻雜氮(N)之異原子奈米 碳球的高解析度電子顯微鏡(HRSEM)照片。 第4圖係顯示摻雜氮(N)之異原子奈米碳球與帶正電荷的氫離 子反應後,氫原子鍵結於多電子的N上而將電荷轉移到異原子奈米 > 碳球上的N原子位置。 【主要元件符號說明】 無0
11 0424-A21384TWF(N2);P02940014A01;phoelip
Claims (1)
1264415 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶液,包含: 一流體;以及 複數之異原子奈米碳球,分散於該流體中。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶 液,其中該異原子奈米碳球之重量百分比係介於0.01〜l〇wt%,以該 含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶液總重為基準。 3·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶 液,其中該異原子奈米碳球為一種外殼為封閉石墨層以球中球的結 > 構所組成,具有C(D)x化學組成的多面體型奈米碳簇材料。其中, C表示碳原子,具有sp2的混成軌域結構,D可為氮(N)、或硼(B)、 或磷(P)、或是硫(S)原子,與碳原子形成鍵結,X為0.0001至0.1之 數字。 4.如申請專利範圍第3項所述之含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶 液,其中該異原子奈米碳球之封閉石墨殼層上摻雜之異原子(D)可鍵 結(或配位鍵結)氫原子、烷基、烷氧基、鹵素、氫氧基、氨基、金 屬原子或有機金屬錯合物。 | 5.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶 液,其中該異原子奈米碳球為内部為中空的。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶 液,其中該異原子奈米碳球之内部填充有金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬 石炭化物、金屬硫化物、金屬氮化物、金屬硼化物、或金屬合金。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶 液,其中該金屬為 Sc、V、Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Y、Zr、Mo、Ru、 Rh、Pd、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、A1、Zn、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、 Lu、Ta、Os、Ir、Pt、Au、Th、U、或其組合0 0424-A21384TWF(N2);P02940014A01;phoelip 12
1264415 液,第1項所述之含異原子奈米破球之導熱溶 Q…:、原子奈米碳球之直徑係介於WOO-。 申明專利範圍第1項所述之含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶 攻’/、中H體係包含水、有機溶劑或其混合。 10·如申睛專利範圍第9項所述之含異原子奈米碳球之導熱溶 液,其中該有機溶劑包含醇類。 /、 ^ U·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之含異原子奈米碳球之導熱 /容液其中该流體係為水、甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正
丁醇異丁醇、t-丁醇、卜戊醇、乙二醇、乙二醇單甲基醚、乙 二 甲苯、甲乙酮、丙酮、礦物油或其混合 醇單乙基醚、丙二醇單乙基醚、苯乙烯、醋酸乙酯、甲苯、 Ψ ^ , m ^ ^ ___ 、.
0424-A21384TWF(N2);P02940014A01;phoelip 13
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TW94142040A TWI264415B (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2005-11-30 | Heat transfer fluids with heteroatom-containing nanocapsules |
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GB0612955A GB2432842B (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2006-06-29 | Heat transfer fluids with heteroatom-containing carbon nanocapsules |
US11/480,362 US7396521B2 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2006-07-05 | Heat transfer fluids with hetero-nanocapsules |
FR0606124A FR2893948B1 (fr) | 2005-11-30 | 2006-07-05 | Fluides de transfert thermique avec nanocapsules de carbone contenant des heteroatomes |
KR1020060063975A KR100826773B1 (ko) | 2005-11-30 | 2006-07-07 | 헤테로-나노캡슐이 들어 있는 열전달유체 |
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US9241510B2 (en) | 2011-04-23 | 2016-01-26 | Ics Solutions B.V. | Apparatus and method for optimizing and controlling food processing system performance |
US8893518B2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2014-11-25 | Ics Solutions B.V. | Accelerating, optimizing and controlling product cooling in food processing systems |
US9955711B2 (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2018-05-01 | Jbt Food & Dairy Systems B.V. | Method and apparatus for increased product throughput capacity, improved quality and enhanced treatment and product packaging flexibility in a continuous sterilizing system |
US9131729B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2015-09-15 | Ics Solutions B.V. | Safe and efficient thermal transfer media for processing of food and drink products |
TWM446226U (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2013-02-01 | Tan Xin Technology Dev Inc | 渦輪增壓器之殼體 |
WO2014207091A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Nanocyl S.A. | Fluide caloporteur |
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US5723059A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 1998-03-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Fluid density adjustment for functional fluids |
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US7402835B2 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2008-07-22 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Heteroatom-containing diamondoid transistors |
TW577856B (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2004-03-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Organically functionalized carbon nanocapsules |
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FR2893948B1 (fr) | 2009-12-18 |
TW200720186A (en) | 2007-06-01 |
GB0612955D0 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
DE102006029276A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
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JP2007153727A (ja) | 2007-06-21 |
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US20070122335A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
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