1221877 (1) 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於搭載於機車的氣冷式內燃機的冷卻風通 路0 【先前技術】1221877 (1) 发明 Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a cooling air passage 0 of an air-cooled internal combustion engine mounted on a locomotive [prior art]
以往的氣冷式內燃機，是如以下的構造。在該內燃機 ，在氣缸頭的前部，是並排設置有：兩個排氣口與對應的 兩個排氣閥，在後部則並排設置有：兩個進氣口與對應的 兩個進氣閥，在上述四個閥所包圍的位置設置有火星塞， 在氣缸頭與氣缸頭外殻之間，設置有朝向左右方向的凸輪 軸，設置有：通過兩個排氣閥之間、及兩個進氣閥之間， 朝前後方向貫穿氣缸頭的冷卻風通路，且設置有連通於上 述前後方向冷卻風通路的橫方向冷卻風通路（例如，參照 專利文獻1 )。在該例子中，在周圍具有間隙且包圍著火 星塞的主體部的火星塞裝卸孔是被設置在氣缸頭，該火星 塞裝卸孔也連通於上述前後方向冷卻風通路。 在該內燃機被搭載於機車的狀態，當機車行駛時，空 氣會從前後方向冷卻風通路的前方開口流入，其中一部分 的空氣會從上述火星塞裝卸孔通往內燃機的上部外側，另 一部分會從橫方向冷卻風通路通往內燃機的側部外側，其 餘的空氣會從前後方向冷卻風通路的後方開口通往後方。 在該空氣流通的過程，氣缸頭與火星塞會被冷卻。 -5- (2)1221877 〔專利文獻1〕 曰本特公昭62 - 【發明內容】 〔發明欲解決的課題 在傳統技術中， 且不容易進行火星塞 路的氣冷效果，並且 可進行有效的氣冷。 〔用以解決課題的手 本發明是用來解 室的上部設置閥門機 間，沿著排氣口與進 冷式內燃機，在上述 述前後方向的冷卻風 向冷卻風通路設置火 卻風通路朝向上述橫 〇 本發明的這種構 路之中設置冷卻用散 冷卻。在橫方向冷卻 是彎曲成將冷卻風導 火星塞的過熱。 43050號公報（第2圖、第3圖）° ] 冷卻風通路的氣冷的效果並不夠。而 的裝卸。本發明’希望提昇冷卻風通 將火星塞設置在容易裝卸的位置’而 段及效果〕 決上述的課題，第1發明，是在燃燒 構，在上述燃燒室與上述閥門機構之 氣口設置前後方向的冷卻風通路的氣 排氣口與進氣口之間，設置連通於上 通路的橫方向冷卻風通路，在同橫方 星塞，並且設置有從上述前後方向冷 方向冷卻風通路彎曲的冷卻用散熱片 造，由於是在燃燒室上方的冷卻風通 熱片，所以可以有效地將燃燒室周邊 風通路內設置火星塞，冷卻用散熱片 引向同火星塞的方向，所以可以防止 -6 - (3) 第2發明，是針對第1發明的氣冷式內燃機，使上述 排氣口中心線傾斜於內燃機前後方向，以加寬上述前後方 向冷卻風通路的前方開口。 本發明的這種構造，前方開口的開口面積會變大，可 &將大量的空氣導入至冷卻風通路，所以可以提高空氣流 所造成的氣冷的效果。 【實施方式】 第1圖是本發明的一實施方式的氣冷式內燃機1的主 要部分縱剖面圖，是顯示頭閥式凸輪軸型單氣缸內燃機的 上部。在圖中箭頭F是指出前方。在圖中，內燃機1的主 要部分的外殻，是由：氣缸體2、氣缸頭3、氣缸頭外殻 4所構成。在氣缸體2中，活塞5進行上下運動，在氣缸 頭3的下面側形成有燃燒室6。在氣缸頭3形成了聯繋於 燃燒室6的排氣口 7與排氣口 9。在排氣口 7的內側端設 置有用來開閉該通路的排氣閥8。在排氣口 7的外側端是 連接著省略圖示的排氣管。在進氣口 9的內側端是設置有 用來開閉其通路的進氣閥1 〇。在進氣口 9的外側端是連 接著省略圖示的化油器。 排氣閥8是讓其軸部8 a前傾而設置在靠近氣缸頭3 前側，在軸部8a的上部突出部安裝有將排氣閥8朝向關 閉方向彈壓的閥彈簧1 1。進氣閥1 0是讓其軸部1 Oa前傾 而設置在靠近氣缸頭3後側，在軸部1 〇a的上部突出部安 裝有將進氣閥1 〇朝向關閉方向彈壓的閥彈簧1 2。 (4)1221877The conventional air-cooled internal combustion engine has a structure as follows. In this internal combustion engine, two exhaust ports and two corresponding exhaust valves are arranged side by side in the front part of the cylinder head, and two intake ports and two corresponding intake valves are arranged side by side in the rear part. A spark plug is provided at a position surrounded by the four valves, and a camshaft facing left and right is provided between the cylinder head and the cylinder head housing, and is provided between two exhaust valves and two Between the intake valves, a cooling air passage passing through the cylinder head in the front-rear direction is provided, and a lateral cooling air passage communicating with the cooling air passage in the front-rear direction is provided (for example, refer to Patent Document 1). In this example, a spark plug attachment hole is provided in the cylinder head with a clearance around the main body of the spark plug, and the spark plug attachment hole also communicates with the cooling air passage in the front-rear direction. In the state where the internal combustion engine is mounted on a locomotive, when the locomotive is traveling, air flows in from the front opening of the cooling air passage in the front-rear direction, and a part of the air passes from the above-mentioned spark plug loading and unloading hole to the upper side of the internal combustion engine, and the other part passes The cooling air passage in the horizontal direction leads to the outside of the side of the internal combustion engine, and the remaining air flows from the rear opening of the cooling air passage in the forward and backward direction to the rear. During this air circulation, the cylinder head and the spark plug will be cooled. -5- (2) 1221877 [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-[Summary of the Invention] [The problem to be solved by the invention is in the conventional technology, and it is not easy to perform the air-cooling effect of the Mars plugging road, and it can perform effective Air-cooled. [Hand to solve the problem The present invention is to provide a valve room in the upper part of the solution chamber, and along the exhaust port and the intake cooling internal combustion engine, the fire air path is provided in the cooling air path to the cooling air path in the front-rear direction described above and the fire air path is directed to the above. In the structure of the present invention, cooling cooling is provided. Cooling in the lateral direction is overheating that bends the cooling wind to the spark plug. Publication No. 43050 (Figures 2 and 3) °] The effect of air cooling of the cooling air passage is insufficient. And loading and unloading. The present invention "desired to improve the cooling air flow and install the spark plug in a position that is easy to attach and detach". In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the first invention is to set the front and rear directions of the combustion structure and the gas port of the combustion chamber and the valve mechanism. Between the air exhaust port and the air inlet of the cooling air passage, a horizontal cooling air passage communicating with the upper passage is provided, and a star plug is arranged in the same horizontal direction, and the cooling of the cooling air passage curved from the front-back direction cold direction is provided. Made of fins, because the cooling air passes through the fins above the combustion chamber, it can effectively set a spark plug in the wind path around the combustion chamber, and the cooling fins are directed in the same direction as the spark plug, so it can prevent -6 -(3) The second invention is directed to the air-cooled internal combustion engine of the first invention, wherein the center line of the exhaust port is inclined to the front-rear direction of the internal combustion engine to widen the front opening of the cooling air passage in the front-rear direction. According to the structure of the present invention, the opening area of the front opening becomes large, and a large amount of air can be introduced into the cooling air passage, so the effect of air cooling by air flow can be improved. [Embodiment] Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of an air-cooled internal combustion engine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and shows an upper portion of a head-valve camshaft-type single-cylinder internal combustion engine. Arrow F in the figure indicates the front. In the figure, the casing of the main part of the internal combustion engine 1 is composed of a cylinder block 2, a cylinder head 3, and a cylinder head casing 4. In the cylinder block 2, a piston 5 moves up and down, and a combustion chamber 6 is formed on a lower surface side of the cylinder head 3. An exhaust port 7 and an exhaust port 9 connected to the combustion chamber 6 are formed in the cylinder head 3. An exhaust valve 8 for opening and closing the passage is provided at the inner end of the exhaust port 7. An exhaust pipe (not shown) is connected to the outer end of the exhaust port 7. An intake valve 10 is provided at the inner end of the air inlet 9 for opening and closing the passage. The outer end of the air inlet 9 is a carburetor which is not shown in the drawing. The exhaust valve 8 is provided with the shaft portion 8a leaning forward and is positioned near the front side of the cylinder head 3. A valve spring 11 is provided on the upper protruding portion of the shaft portion 8a to urge the exhaust valve 8 in the closing direction. The intake valve 10 is a valve spring 1 having a shaft portion 10a tilted forward and close to the rear of the cylinder head 3. A valve spring 1 that urges the intake valve 10 toward the closing direction is attached to an upper protruding portion of the shaft portion 10a. 2. (4) 1221877
藉由氣缸頭3與氣缸頭外殼4形成了閥門室1 3，這 裡收容有用來將上述排氣閥8與進氣閥1 〇開閉的閥門機 構。在以排氣閥8與進氣閥1 〇所形成的V字型的空間， 是將相對於內燃機1的前後方向垂直相交的左右方向的凸 輪軸1 4可旋轉地支承在氣缸頭3與氣缸頭外殻4的配合 面之間。在該凸輪軸14是形成有：用來將排氣閥8開閉 驅動的排氣用凸輪1 5、與用來將進氣閥1 0開閉驅動的進 氣用凸輪1 6。A valve chamber 13 is formed by the cylinder head 3 and the cylinder head housing 4, and a valve mechanism for opening and closing the exhaust valve 8 and the intake valve 10 is housed therein. In the V-shaped space formed by the exhaust valve 8 and the intake valve 10, a left-right camshaft 14 that intersects the front-rear direction of the internal combustion engine 1 is rotatably supported by the cylinder head 3 and the cylinder. Between the mating surfaces of the head shell 4. The camshaft 14 includes an exhaust cam 15 for driving the exhaust valve 8 to open and close, and an intake cam 16 for driving the intake valve 10 to open and close.
在排氣閥8的上方是將排氣用搖臂1 7可擺動地支承 在排氣用搖臂軸1 8，其中一端是經由推桿1 9而連接於排 氣閥的軸部8 a的上端，另一端則是經由被支承在滾子軸 2 〇的排氣用滾子21而連接於排氣用凸輪1 5。在進氣閥 10的上方是將進氣用搖臂22可擺動地支承在進氣用搖臂 軸23，其中一端是經由推桿24而連接於進氣閥的軸部 l〇a的上端，另一端則是經由被支承在滾子軸25的進氣 用滾子26而連接於進氣用凸輪1 6。 第2圖則是從後方來看上述內燃機1的主要部分的橫 剖面的視圖。在圖中，在氣缸頭3，在其右側部安裝著火 星塞27，其前端的電極27a是突出於燃燒室6內。凸輪 軸1 4的其中一端是突出於鏈條室2 8內，在其突出端固定 著從動鏈輪29。在曲軸固定著驅動鏈輪（沒有圖示）’ 在鏈條室2 8中，在上述驅動鏈輪與從動鏈輪2 9之間繞掛 著凸輪鏈條3 0。當曲軸旋轉時，會經由凸輪鏈條3 0來旋 轉驅動凸輪軸1 4。 -8- (5)1221877Above the exhaust valve 8, an exhaust rocker arm 17 is swingably supported on the exhaust rocker shaft 18, and one end thereof is connected to a shaft portion 8a of the exhaust valve via a push rod 19 The upper end and the other end are connected to an exhaust cam 15 via an exhaust roller 21 supported on a roller shaft 20. Above the intake valve 10, an intake rocker arm 22 is swingably supported on the intake rocker shaft 23, and one end thereof is an upper end of a shaft portion 10a connected to the intake valve via a push rod 24. The other end is connected to the intake cam 16 via an intake roller 26 supported by a roller shaft 25. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the internal combustion engine 1 as viewed from the rear. In the figure, a spark plug 27 is attached to the right side of the cylinder head 3, and an electrode 27a at the front end thereof protrudes into the combustion chamber 6. One end of the cam shaft 14 is projected into the chain chamber 28, and a driven sprocket 29 is fixed to the projected end. A driving sprocket (not shown) is fixed to the crankshaft. In the chain chamber 28, a cam chain 30 is wound between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket 29. When the crankshaft rotates, the camshaft 14 is driven to rotate via the cam chain 30. -8- (5) 1221877
桌3圖是第2圖的III 一 III剖面圖，是表不上述內燃 機的水平剖面。在圖中，是顯示將火星塞27卸下，露出 火星塞安裝部3 1的狀態。箭頭F是指向前方，沿著鏈條 室2 8的周壁2 8 a的氣缸頭中央側，形成有朝前後方向貫 穿於氣缸頭的前後方向冷卻風通路3 2。鏈條室周壁2 8 a 與排氣口周壁7a所夾著的空間是前方開口 33，鏈條室周 壁2 8 a與進氣口周壁9 a所夾著的空間是後方開口 3 4。並 且，形成了 ：連通於上述前後方向冷卻風通路32，通過 排氣口周壁7 a與進氣口周壁9 a之間，通往內燃機的側邊 的橫方向冷卻風通路3 5。火星塞3 1的兩側的外側是側邊 開口 3 6。如圖所示，是使排氣口 7的中心線A相對於內 燃機的前後方向線B朝向加寬前方開口 3 3的方向傾斜角 度α，以加大前方開口 33的開口面積，將大量的空氣導 入至冷卻風通路。Table 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 2 and shows the horizontal section of the internal combustion engine. The figure shows a state where the spark plug 27 is removed and the spark plug mounting portion 31 is exposed. The arrow F is directed forward and along the central side of the cylinder head of the peripheral wall 28 of the chain chamber 28, a front-to-back cooling air passage 32 is formed to penetrate the cylinder head in the front-to-rear direction. The space sandwiched between the chain chamber peripheral wall 2 8a and the exhaust port peripheral wall 7a is the front opening 33, and the space sandwiched between the chain chamber peripheral wall 2 8a and the intake port peripheral wall 9a is the rear opening 34. In addition, a lateral cooling air passage 35 is formed which communicates with the cooling air passage 32 in the front-rear direction and passes between the peripheral wall 7a of the exhaust port and the peripheral wall 9a of the air intake to the side of the internal combustion engine. The outer sides of the Mars Plug 3 1 are side openings 3 6. As shown in the figure, the center line A of the exhaust port 7 is inclined toward the direction of widening the front opening 33 with respect to the front-back direction line B of the internal combustion engine by an angle α, so as to increase the opening area of the front opening 33 and send a large amount of air. Into the cooling air passage.
在前後方向冷卻風通路3 2與橫方向冷卻風通路3 5的 連接部、以及橫方向冷卻風通路3 5中，形成有三片冷卻 用散熱片。是前散熱片3 7，中散熱片3 8，後散熱片3 9。 圖面的中散熱片3 8，後散熱片3 9的陰影部分，是爲了補 強而增厚的背厚部，其頂部是聯繫到冷卻風通路的頂部。 第4圖是從斜後上方來看上述冷卻用散熱片的立體圖 。中散熱片3 8、後散熱片3 9的頂部的陰影部分，是聯繫 到冷卻風通路的頂部的背厚部3 8a、3 9a的頂部的剖面。 在第1圖，在橫方向冷卻風通路35內描繪有三枚散熱片 的縱剖面。在第2圖，是以從內燃機後方來看設置在冷卻 -9 - (6) 風通路的上述三枚散熱片的方式描繪。 本實施方式的氣冷式內燃機的構造如以上的方式構成 °搭載著該內燃機的機車在行駛時，會產生行駛氣流，該 行駛氣流會從前後方向冷卻風通路3 2的前方開口 3 3流入 ’氣流的一部分會藉由三片散熱片的導引作用，經過橫方 向冷卻風通路3 5，通過火星塞27兩側，從側邊開口 3 6 流出。另一部份的氣流會通往三片散熱片間，從前後方向 冷卻風通路3 2的後方開口 3 4流出。 在車輛行駛中，藉由行駿氣流，來冷卻面向前後方向 冷卻風通路3 2與橫方向冷卻風通路3 5的氣缸頭的外壁面 。特別是，燃燒室6的高溫，會經由燃燒室頂部外殼40 (第2圖）傳達到前、中、後的散熱片3 7、3 8、3 9，藉 由前後方向冷卻風及橫方向冷卻風來進行冷卻。藉由這些 冷卻作用，防止氣缸頭的過熱，來防止氣缸頭周圍的密封 惡化的情形。在火星塞3 0的電極3 0a所產生的高溫，會 傳達到火星塞3 0的外側露出部，藉由上述的橫方向冷卻 風加以冷卻，防止火星塞的過熱所導致的惡化，延長火星 塞的使用期限。而本發明的火星塞是傾斜設置在橫方向冷 卻風通路中，所以容易從內燃機的側部進行裝卸，而讓維 修性提昇。 如第3圖所不，是使排氣口 7的中心線A相對於內 燃機的前後方向線B朝向加寬前方開口 3 3的方向傾斜角 度α，以加大前方開口 3 3的開口面積，將大量的空氣導 入至冷卻風通路，可以提高行駛氣流的氣冷效果。 -10- (7)1221877 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖是本發明的一實施方式的氣冷式內燃機的主要 部分縱剖面圖。 第2圖是從後方來看上述內燃機的主要部分的橫剖面 的視圖。Three cooling fins are formed in a connection portion between the front-back cooling air passage 32 and the horizontal cooling air passage 35, and the horizontal cooling air passage 35. It is the front heat sink 3 7, the middle heat sink 3 8 and the rear heat sink 3 9. The shaded parts of the middle fins 38 and the rear fins 39 in the figure are thick portions of the back thickened for reinforcement, and the top is connected to the top of the cooling air passage. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the cooling fins as viewed obliquely from the rear and above. The shaded portions on the tops of the middle fins 38 and the rear fins 39 are cross-sections of the tops of the back thick portions 38a and 39a connected to the tops of the cooling air passages. In Fig. 1, a longitudinal section of three cooling fins is drawn in the cooling air passage 35 in the horizontal direction. In Fig. 2, the three fins provided in the cooling -9-(6) air passage are viewed from the rear of the internal combustion engine. The structure of the air-cooled internal combustion engine of the present embodiment is configured as described above. When a locomotive equipped with the internal combustion engine travels, a driving airflow is generated, and the driving airflow flows from the front opening 3 2 of the cooling air passage 32 in the front-rear direction. Part of the airflow will be guided by the three fins, pass through the cooling air passage 35 in the horizontal direction, pass through the sides of the Mars plug 27, and flow out from the side opening 3 6. The other part of the airflow will lead to the space between the three fins and flow out from the rear opening 3 4 of the cooling air passage 3 2 in the front-rear direction. While the vehicle is running, the outer wall surfaces of the cylinder heads facing the front and rear cooling air passages 32 and the lateral cooling air passages 35 are cooled by the traveling airflow. In particular, the high temperature of the combustion chamber 6 is transmitted to the front, middle, and rear fins 37, 38, 39 through the combustion chamber top case 40 (Figure 2), and is cooled by front-to-back cooling air and lateral cooling. The wind comes to cool. These cooling effects prevent the cylinder head from overheating and prevent deterioration of the seal around the cylinder head. The high temperature generated at the electrode 3 0a of the Mars plug 30 will be transmitted to the exposed part of the outside of the Mars plug 30 and cooled by the above-mentioned lateral cooling air to prevent the deterioration of the Mars plug and to prolong the Mars plug. Period of use. However, the spark plug of the present invention is inclinedly disposed in the cooling air passage in the horizontal direction, so it is easy to attach and detach from the side of the internal combustion engine, thereby improving the maintainability. As shown in FIG. 3, the center line A of the exhaust port 7 is inclined toward the direction of widening the front opening 33 with respect to the front-back direction line B of the internal combustion engine by an angle α, so as to increase the opening area of the front opening 33. A large amount of air is introduced into the cooling air passage, which can improve the air cooling effect of the traveling airflow. -10- (7) 1221877 [Brief description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of an air-cooled internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the internal combustion engine as viewed from the rear.
第3圖是上述內燃機的氣缸頭的水平剖面圖（第2圖 的III 一 III剖面）。 第4圖是從斜後上方來看冷卻用散熱片的立體圖。 〔圖號說明〕 1 :氣冷式內燃機 2 :氣缸體 3 :氣缸頭 4 :氣缸頭外殻Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view of the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine (section III-III in Fig. 2). FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the cooling fins as viewed obliquely from the rear and upward. [Illustration of drawing number] 1: Air-cooled internal combustion engine 2: Cylinder block 3: Cylinder head 4: Cylinder head housing
5 :活塞 6 :燃燒室 7 :排氣口 7a :排氣口周壁 8 :排氣閥 9 :進氣閥 9a :進氣口周壁 1 〇 :進氣閥 1 1 :閥彈簧 -11 - (8)1221877 12 ： 13 ： 14 ： 15 : 16 ·· 17 : 18: 19 ·· 20 ： 21 ： 2 2 ： 23 ： 24 ： 25 ： 26 ： 27 ： 27a ： 28 ： 28a : 29 ： 30 ： 31 : 32 ： 33 ： 閥彈簧 閥門室 凸輪軸 排氣用凸輪 進氣用凸輪 排氣用搖臂 排氣用搖臂軸 推桿 滾子軸 排氣用滾子 進氣用搖臂 進氣搖臂軸 推桿 滾子軸 進氣用滾子 火星塞 電極 鏈條室 鏈條室周壁 從動鏈輪 凸輪鏈條 火星塞安裝部 前後方向冷卻風通路 前方開口 -12- (9) (9)1221877 3 4 :後方開口 3 5 :橫方向冷卻風通路 3 6 :側邊開口 3 7 :前散熱片 3 8 :中散熱片 3 8a :中散熱片的背厚部 3 9 :後散熱片 3 9a :後散熱片的背厚部 40 :燃燒室頂部外殻 -13-5: Piston 6: Combustion chamber 7: Exhaust port 7a: Exhaust port peripheral wall 8: Exhaust valve 9: Intake valve 9a: Inlet peripheral wall 1 〇: Intake valve 1 1: Valve spring-11-(8 ) 1221877 12: 13: 14: 15: 16 ·· 17: 18: 19 · · 20: 21: 22: 23: 24: 25: 26: 27: 27a: 28: 28a: 29: 30: 31: 32 ： 33 ： Valve spring valve chamber camshaft exhaust cam intake air intake cam exhaust rocker exhaust rocker shaft push rod roller shaft exhaust roller intake air intake rocker intake rocker shaft push rod Roller shaft intake roller spark plug electrode chain chamber chain chamber peripheral wall driven sprocket cam chain spark plug mounting part front and rear cooling air passage opening -12- (9) (9) 1221877 3 4: rear opening 3 5 : Horizontal cooling air passage 3 6: Side opening 3 7: Front heat sink 3 8: Middle heat sink 3 8a: Back thick part of middle heat sink 3 9: Back heat sink 3 9a: Back thick part of rear heat sink 40: Combustion chamber top shell-13-