TW574561B - Bistable nematic liquid-crystal display device with improved optical mask - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bistable nematic liquid-crystal device comprising: alignment means, which orient the liquid crystal, means designed to apply electrical signals which allow switching, by breaking the anchoring on at least one of the two substrates, between two distinct textures, and means designed to promote the establishment of that one of the said textures giving the off state in the liquid crystal covering the inter-electrode spaces.

Description

574561

The invention relates to the field of liquid crystal displays. More specifically, the present invention relates to a bi-stable retention-broken liquid crystal display. The two stable structures are widely used as computers with a curvature of 8 η ° AA L ^ 1 6U. Film speculation, watches and many other materials used to display information ^^: machine, television and video. Their surface is usually divided into constituent monomers (numbers, texts, primes), and their states are independent. A small component (like the quality standard to be optical contrast, this or the number of contrast ratios is defined. An area that will be placed on the screen in the open state 'and the value of the same area in the closed state (is to be considered Transmitted or reflected # is determined by the operation of the principle of transmission or reflection). The characteristic of the situation is that the closed state of transmission or reflection is that the transmission or reflection is more than providing a displayed message into an image-a liquid crystal display is a very The weight is usually transmitted or reversed or reflected by a crystal display. The degree of the display is as low as possible. The better the lower the better. It is called the contrast. The ratio of the intensity of the light. The design is not open, but it is ideal. A high quality and better quality. For example, a contrast ratio of less than 10 corresponds to a dull or faded image. With a contrast value of 20, the shirt looks more brave and sharper. If the latter size of the display state is observed under normal circumstances, the display is smaller than the eye resolution limit, the display The area under consideration for measuring this contrast may contain many pixels. 574561 ____Sorting number 91119601 _ ^ --------- Five 'description of the invention (2) A liquid crystal display usually includes, as shown in the attached Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, two parallel substrates 1 2 ′ 2 2 each provided with electrodes 10, 2 0 on their inner surfaces, and filled with a liquid crystal substance 30 between the two electrodes. The opposite electrode 10 The area where 20 intersects each other forms the pixel. The displayed image is formed by a large number of pixels placed in the desired optical state. The optical state of each pixel, that is, whether it is on or off, is A suitable electric field applied between the electrodes 10 and 20 forming the pixel is determined by the addressing circuit used. Most liquid crystal displays are monostable. In these displays, a single structure is in the absence of an electric field. Generated under the conditions of an electric field. This structure gradually changes in an electric field to provide an increasingly bright (or gradually closed) state. A bi-stable display has at least two states, theoretically without an external electric field Stable for infinite time. One of these two states is off and the other is on. The stability of these two states is based on the fact that the energy of these two structures is actually the same, And there is an energy barrier that prevents one structure from naturally transitioning to another. Adjacent pixels are not in contact, but are separated by a non-addressable area called the inter-pixel area (see Figure 3). In Figure 3 The figure shows a pixel with the same interval and a pixel-to-pixel interval. For example, when the display is organized into passive matrix patterns, the columns of electrodes are fixed to a soil plate 12, which The row electrode 20 is fixed to the other base plate 22, and the electrode

Page 7 574561 Case No. 91119601 V. Description of the invention (3) 10 and 20 cross each other at 90 degrees to surround the area, in which the area is' rich 'and the areas between the pixels are' regardless of whether it is in the area The space between this electrode can make it not lowered to a composing technology and the display underneath. . In this case, the pixel p is spaced from each other by the column electrode 10 and the row electrode 20 corresponding to the space between the electrodes, such as the column base plate 12 or the row base plate 22. #Electrode is separated from its neighbors, and 1: the key material determined by the nature and thickness of the polar material and the other characteristics used in order to prevent the presence of an obstacle layer The state is bad and the nature of the contrast is greatly reduced. For example, or the reflected light may make a 0.23 long square image of a display exaggerate / a display with a pitch and a pitch interval of 0.02 pixels, which will have a width of 15% of a complete area. Bu Puzi should be used as a resident area under unfavorable conditions that are approximately equal to the opening of all the curtains. The contrast measured in a pixel gap is always good. The display is in an area surrounding several pixels. The measured value in this pixel is a low value, even when the small contrast is high. Using a negative contrast to display a mode of wedge, f (that is, when the electric field is zero, has a formula), can make the limit compared to the column mode in parallel polar elements. However, this solution found that the contrast loss of the contrast display becomes acceptable, and Wanmu cannot be applied to high-resolution displays.

574561 Correction 7 and W-Ξ Ξ 2, ϊ The lateral electric field generated when the pixel is addressed will distort the adjacent electric s and crystal structure and turn it into an optically open state. Negative contrast may also need to be used—a disadvantage ^ Zhuangli Ilan "The closed state of negative contrast TN is better than the closed state of positive contrast" because of its poor color reception (Chr_tiSffl), it limits the display. All methods used in the function are based on the opaque layer between the pixels or the electric stop light transmission or reflection. i ΐ Use the mask or envelope as a photomask. The second and second process of using a metal as a photomask and preventing shorts between pixels can also have a non-reduced reflectance of about 5 to 3%, thereby limiting the contrast during reflection. m] said that λ uses bis-absorbent (colored or black) polymers to act as a 疋 ° %% color molecule. The low optical density makes them use thick pairs (> 0.5 " m). Enough for two minutes 1%). Etching these layers will therefore produce & generation of non-uniform electric fields such as r-bands in the display. It will induce magnification to partially cover the electrode ^ \ twisting ^ area. If the state of the reticle is lightened to 2 = :: some blemishes, the damage caused by opening and reflection can be reduced. Also, for these

Page 9 ^ / 4561

Correction & 疋 Poor ^ This means maintaining a sufficient level. This shows the other importance of the photomask. Some of the substrates have a very thick polymer layer. The etching must be widened so that the contrast between the photomask and the electrode is maintained, but to the detriment, it is the lighting state. brightness. Another solution is to use an anti-reflective and isolating function [4], an absorption = shielding layer, and-an optimal composite layer used to provide the optical properties of transmission and reflection. , Or use its 5th trial ~ she re-evaluated without excessively increasing its thickness. 4 锄 冬 ® ^ Fu Wei's, containing a non- "metal- or semiconductor-containing dielectric group with absorption properties [5] Chu's structure: The method includes additional manufacturing operations and the use of expensive materials. It is because the opaque material must be deposited on the electrode and / or removed from the active area. These operations must be precise, as it must create opaque bands with a width of 0.001 or 0.02 mm without infringing pixels or causing unobstructed areas. The additional cost incurred is particularly so in the case of passive matrix displays. Highly unknown, the sTN_LCD monochrome display state can be its reference price, and its manufacturing process does not use vacuum precipitation. In the case of a bistable nematic liquid crystal monomer, by modifying or improving the manufacturing operation, Invention does not use substances added to make the inter-pixel gap is covered (block of f). It uses the properties of bi-stable display, these properties will be briefly review.

Page 574 561

Modification «^ 4 on the board 8 1 6] proposed a bistable display whose status is at the grassroots level). It is caused by the & sample flat or almost flat position (the monostable state is a solid state between the two surfaces of the base plate with its liquid crystal structure (the conclusion is the same. In one of the states In this case, the molecule is actually parallel or evenly twisted with a half chain.) In another state, the molecule's original knot M to H plane is' from one base plate to another base plate (relatively The conversion of Yu, "Η" is structured with 1 8 0. Distorted). Between these two structures, at least in a strong electric field, a hydrodynamic effect is used to destroy one of the surfaces. The monostable position is obtained. 2 ί ί: The space between the pixels is covered by the production of a bistable monomer, and the liquid crystal is closed permanently by the gap between the elements. This is a natural distortion condition It is set to be particularly suitable for covering the two layers of the pixel toilet, so it is beneficial to provide a closed state structure in it. Second: Compared with the structure of the two bn states, these conditions reduce it to ignore, and cry Observe in transitive, reflective or mixed The goal of optimizing the optical polarization configuration of the two-two-biter is to aim at the pixel structure or the uniform structure. For example, it is best to propose Linhui according to today's proposal based on the reflection of the two-polarization in the reflective form. All the requirements in the 7 patents are filed =

Page 11 574561

Correction

According to the invention, 'the bi-stable nematic liquid crystal display includes a photomask for prime elements: / formation ~ image a)-a nematic liquid crystal substance confined between two parallel base plates on the opposite inner surface of the base plate An electrode is provided to apply an electric p to the liquid crystal 'at least the front base plate and the front electrode are optically transparent b) a leveling layer or used to orient the liquid crystal, and at least' stable or In the absence of an electric field, a metastable apparent structure is produced between the electrodes. One of the structures is not distorted or passed through a 90 °. And +90. One angle between them is distorted, while the other has a structure of about 180 °. Additional distortion of the angle ^ c) the thickness of the electrode liquid crystal layer 4 is chosen to be close to the product of Δη; or, close to the integer multiplied by the wavelength, ^ 2 to 数值 a number (depending on the display's The operation mode is reflective / transmissive or transflective), again. It is the middle wavelength of the useful page of the display, and Δη & the first two of the birefringence of liquid crystals at this wavelength: the meter is used to apply a power signal to the liquid crystal covering the electrode. The liquid crystal can be placed between the obvious structures. Conversion, ili ;; the structure of which is still maintained in it after the two are removed; this is beneficial; it is achieved by destroying the retention on at least one of the two base plates; e) designed to improve the coverage of the electrode The creation of one of the # off-state structures in the interstitial liquid crystal. The girl is born. Hereby, 1 and Γ must understand that the number and arrangement of polarizers are optimized in accordance with the display photon fine-grained mode (transmissive 'or reflective type).

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According to the other advantages of the present invention: one of the same in 2 contains several different parts, in order to make it possible for the pixel (pixel); several independent image element distances are generated on the phase plate The array; the distance array; the electric field; the independent picture element (pixel) is provided with an independent device that can be applied; the independent picture element (pixel) can be organized into a variety of passive; the independent picture element ( (Pixels) can be organized into a variety of features. The purpose and advantages will become clearer after reading this detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying illustrations for non-limiting examples, where: The display can have two stable structures in the LCD covering their pixels. Adding a chiral dopant to the liquid crystal can obtain bistable properties. . When there is no one that can produce spiral dope, a liquid crystal has a uniform azimuth orientation without torque. Its free pitch is infinite. = Two. When the concentrated liquid with the spiral line exists, when the liquid crystal passes along its axis, the orientation of the liquid crystal rotates along its spiral line. In this case, the liquid is °°, χ α, and has a limited free pitch (the distance along the axis is staggered with the pitch).

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574561 ---- Case No. 9H19601_Main ^ Amendment 5. After the description of the invention (9), the azimuth direction rotates 360. ). As the dope concentration increases, the free pitch decreases. The free distortion qG of a liquid crystal is defined by the expression of 2 7Γ / Pq, where PQ is the free pitch of the liquid crystal. After examining a sample of the liquid crystal having a thickness d, it is known that the natural distortion is defined by d ·. In the absence of any moment, after examining the liquid crystal layer, it is learned that the natural distortion is therefore the angle at which the directional member has been rotated. The bistable nature is obtained by adjusting the natural distortion of the liquid crystal thickness over the pixel to a value of 90 °. The conditions for retention on the surface, in two possible-distorted and uniform-structures, indicate that the liquid crystal is about 90 in equilibrium with respect to it. Distortion. Then these two states are equal and the two ~ are constructed into a bi-stable state. The energy of these two states is therefore the same and the two structures become bistable. One is less than 90. The natural distortion of is beneficial to the uniform structure, while ^ is greater than 90 on the one hand. The natural distortion of B is beneficial to the twisted structure. In this section, we should pay attention to the good characteristics of retention on the surface as well as the energy of the structure. For example, for the natural distortion of 90 ° of the liquid crystal in the thickness of the monomer, a retention configuration with a parallel pretilt angle that is sufficiently high will be beneficial to the twisted structure ', however, the configuration with the same but non-parallel pretilt angle: ΐ ί uniform structure. In actual situations, in order to ensure the bi-stable state, the balance is not absolutely necessary, because the existence-can prevent the transfer of the structure from the-to the structure of the energy barrier. For example, the natural distortion $ is adjusted in a certain range of the center without losing both the hyperbolic and uniform structure). However, outside this range, the lowest energy structure is the only stable (refer to the figure

Page 14 574561 Amendment No. 91119601 _ ^ 5th, description of the invention (1〇) 4) ° The device developed by the present invention, leisure α A, is used to create and generate liquid crystals covering the pixel gap. The structure of the closed state will now be proposed. The first device uses different liquid crystals to add materials to adjust the thickness of the electrode liquid crystals of the laminate so that the distortion of the pixel area will be lost, and the difference is sufficient for all the required to generate the uniform opening. The structure or if it is a space between the electrodes, it is thick and uniform. The space between the image and the image and the 90 ° two junctions cause the distortion in the control state. The thickness is in the image. Local gaps between twists One of the ideal flat structures between primes-structure and time, structure is not structured 'The difference in degree of generation in the inactive area (gap between pixels) is that the natural distortion using selective removal or enrichment must be close To 9 0., and the uniform structural energy is equal, adding or removing matter at each base reduces or increases the natural distortion in the. The difference between the distortion and the liquid day in the gap The thickness is directly proportional. When a balance distortion has a significant difference, the bi-stable is advantageous (for example, an advantage of about 5. to 10). According to this first device, the thickness difference is determined to be a sufficient Stable value (this structure may depend on the configuration of the polarizing mode used). ：: The twisted structure of the state, opened on at least one base plate =. The recess is favorable for it and can be in the pixel gap. Indirect formation—a liquid crystal reticle (see Figure 5). The right dagger produces a closed structure of the uniform material between the electrodes.

574561 θ — case bid 911 〖5. 5. Description of the invention (11) precipitation, at least on a base board 6) 〇 Correction can achieve the same result (see the figure for example, let's take a reflective display as the back- Reflector, the display; full: with / Ω 0 · 13. The thickness d of the liquid crystal covering the pixel is chosen to be 1. 1 Γ: Xi, U-shaped maximum thickness is equal, the formula is d · one by one- One of them is the mid-wavelength of the dull region. This distortion structure is therefore related to: ": The natural balance distortion that produces the bi-stable state of the pixel is adjusted at the time of manufacture-to 90. It is used on each substrate. The space between the electrodes is set to 10 1 ^ in the thickness of the liquid crystal covering the interstitial space between the pixels. This natural distortion becomes about 9 8. (compared to) 9,, 丄 ^ ^-ΛΛ ^, and phase 4 to 1 · 2 // m-Here we ignore the example of a small area in the space between the electrodes of the two base fathers.) This distortion is a closed form with sufficient reflectivity;: light surrounds the pixel with a low image duty,: B ί The thickness of the liquid crystal in the gap between the two must be kept close enough to the 'close 2 Si: I The optical state in the gap will be maintained in high yield: Yu.I Ϊ 盍 the thickness of the liquid crystal of the pixel and the gap i between the pixel and the thickness of the liquid crystal which covers the pixel are about 15%, which is satisfied. This The conditions determine that the apparent surface level of the gap is on the electrode or the space between the electrodes is used to pit or add materials, and the method of etching or precipitation is on page 16574561. Modified tea number 91119601. V. Invention The choice of note (12) should consider whether it is the same as the conventional production of display. For example, if a plasma etching device is used to produce electricity, Taiping. For example, a slight depression requires neither an additional photomask nor a :::: (However, it may be necessary to modify the etching coefficient.) The known process developed by the present invention to form a liquid crystal photomask to this case 'where the closed state is produced by the twisted structure is applied The setup includes manufacturing an electrode with a buildable gap thickness, allowing = one to be installed in the gap between the pixels. The operation is: the two-curved structure i 日 蚪 / 1 ΛΑ + k, which requires fi Electrodes (such as the thickness of about 40 ⑽ I k can not match the optical < electrical aspect of the display) sometimes this limit is matched to the specifications of ... or to some other manufacturing Until the formation of the helix-concentrated dope, the thickness of the displayed liquid crystal can slightly hinder the fact that it provides a certain limit to increase to a point near the point. Any depressions are very insignificant and can be selectively in the helix. The method of the thick liquid component and the liquid crystal mask is to adjust the liquid crystal to produce a portion 1 until the desired device appears in the gap between the pixels. It is designed to make the pixel and the gap between the pixels different. The range of natural distortion of the bistable match in the bit pixel that exists between this distortion and the uniform structure. For example, the composition that can generate the helix thick liquid can be the limit of the bistable state in the pixel without exceeding its gap. 'Compared with the pixel in the gap between pixels, that is, the natural distortion can also exceed this limit. , So it is enough to build the twisted structure. By reducing this to the limit, the same method can be applied to

IH P.17 574561 V. Description of the invention (13) " " " " " " " " '^^^ 9_Fix the gap between pixels with -protruding gaps — W to build the uniform structure Another method, especially the interlayers of liquid crystals in the space of the μ-state structure, is conducive to providing the key to precipitate in this liquid phase in a manner such as t conditions. For example, the leveling layer may have a reduced thickness on the surface of the electrode in the recessed inter-electrode space, which reduces the retention energy of its azimuth. = There is an extra thickness, and therefore the local drop in brush force on the surface, and the bit applied by the liquid crystal layer in the direction of these four trapped positions :: combination 'is conducive to the use of a curved structure. spear! Swipe with the effect of _ on the display to establish torsional reinforcement. It is also possible to use ^ = f in the two states. The inverse result can be used to select the azimuth direction of the space between the electrodes to align the structure. In the same way it is beneficial for those that are warped or both to get the same result. The selective correction of 'can be used after the table' to use a temporary process that can be distinguished from p = "I; II! Yu: Γ's full night:] such as = display is: when it is beneficial to be built on this pixel The recess in the gap in is sufficiently large, what has been observed is;; ::: Page 18 574561 ---- MM V. Description of the invention (14)

疋 is unstable, and the twisted structure e 彳 "when it is composed of a thick electrode of silver and 有: 丨. If the depression continues ^ ^ ^ s„, / Λ40 nm) 5 ^ # Twisted state established. This state is not affected by the temporary processing, but a clear one can be obtained: the display is subjected to a heat treatment by the next display program, and another device can often obtain the same result after filling. When one of the methods described above is used, Jie said, ^, the LCD uses the liquid crystal itself to block the non-addressable area of the display and form a U-shaped umbrella to cover the wind and liquid. A contrast value greater than a few tens. Whether the operation is transmissive, reflective or transflective, the self-level liquid crystal reticle has the advantageous properties, and they have many advantages over other masking technologies that have been discussed, including the opaque layer Shen Dian and the rest of the time:-The low transmission and reflectivity of the LCD mask, these are suitable for producing high contrast, transmissive, reflective or transflective displays;-using an additional mask to partially block This pixel causes no degradation to occur in the off state; 9p-no homogeneity of the electric field occurs in the display;-there is no interference from the liquid crystal level outside the image update period, so there is no contrast when this stored image is observed Degradation occurs,

574561

-No precipitating or leveling operation of the LCD mask. Although the above method is based on passive moments, they can be applied to the two base-boards. As a result, an addressable domain (inter-pixel gap) is formed. Array display as an example, any particular arrangement of his electrode area (pixels) or non-addressable area

[1] A. Lien, "Simulation of two-dimensional lateral field effect of a 90-degree TN-LCD unit" 'It) RC Eurodisplay '90 Digestif] European Patent EP 0532 311 (Scheffer) 17/03/1993 Publications: [3] U.S. Patent No. 5 307 1 89 (Nishiki) published on 26/04/1. [5] US patent US 5 686 980 (Kobayashi) published 1 1/1 1/1 997. [6] French patent number 2 740 894 (Durand).

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. ^ Figure 1 As described above, a traditional pixel obtained at the intersection of two mutually perpendicular electrodes is displayed as an image; the diagram is briefly explained ^ Figure 2 is described above as an image showing a cross by rain : 5 various arrays formed by the mouth, the electrode is placed on the mother side of the liquid crystal substance to form a space between the pixel and the electrode; Figure 3, also as described above, shows such a variety of images A cross-sectional view of the matrix; Figure 4 shows the stability of the structure in an image, with natural distortion in the thickness of the liquid crystal as a function of the corresponding function; Figure 5 'shows an image in a gap between pixels in accordance with the present invention. Structure, using the removal of matter, leading to a parallel (PO or twisted (Tw) structure in the pixel (hence leading to an indeterminacy) and a highly optimized curvature structure in the gap between the pixels; And β π FIG. 6 shows an image in accordance with the present invention. The structure of a one-pixel space = -parallel structure, adding material to the material, results in a stable (parallel (Pα) or twisted ⑺) structure =. Productivity) and produce a superb parallel structure in the inter-pixel gap. ^ Explanation of drawing number: 4 # f ....... 10 ’20 liquid crystal material ..... 30 base board ... 12, 22 pixels .... 4〇

"Gap" pixels ..... ;;; P

The LCD molecules have a flat-bar surname followed by D 仃 ,, ·. The structure of Pa LCD molecules is distorted ...

Page

Claims (1)

574561 * ^ 91119601 — • I Ml., Must, rrsiW ^ Patent Application Scope Patent Application Scope A bi-stable nematic display device with a liquid crystal photomask includes: Features a) —Nematic liquid crystal material is limited to phase Between two parallel base plates with electrodes on the facing inner surface, in order to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal, at least the front base plate and the front electrode are optically transparent; b) a leveling layer on the electrode or The two structures that are stable or sub-one in the absence of an electric field are non-distorted or twisted within a range of 90, while the other structures are curved; the principle is used to orient the liquid crystal and produce a stable and obvious structural transformation; where Of it. To + 9 0. The full-angle range between the range is about 1 80. Additional angle twist c) The thickness 4 of the electrode liquid crystal layer is selected to make the product of d · close to ⑽ or ，, close to an integer multiplied by the wave or other between these two values, is The display has an intermediate wavelength in the spectral band but a birefringence of the liquid crystal at this wavelength; d) It is designed to apply power to the liquid crystal covering the electrode. The power signal can make the liquid crystal in the obvious structure and really make it A structure that uses the destruction of the retention on one of the two base plates of the Xuan Zang Pan to achieve a closed-shaped liquid crystal in the space between the electrodes ... The 2 steps ===: 1 spin term; ir device /, which is characterized by Its progress-what is the natural distortion in the thickness of the liquid crystal between the electrodes 574561 6. Scope of patent application 9. The device described in item 8 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the independent image is provided with a separate device for applying the electric field at 7 ° prime (pixel). 10. The device according to item 8 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the independent image elements (pixels) are formed into a multiplexed passive matrix. 1 1. The device described in item 8. of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the independent image elements (pixels) are grouped into a multiplexed active matrix. Θ 1 2-A method for producing a bistable nematic liquid crystal display with an improved photomask, which is characterized in that it includes the steps as follows: a) Placing a nematic liquid crystal substance on the inner surface of the opposite surface provided with an electrode In order to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal between two parallel substrates, at least the substrate d and the front electrode are optically transparent; b) forming a leveling layer or processing on the electrode to orient and generate the liquid crystal Both have obvious structural transformations in the steady or metastable state in the absence of an electric field; the structure of either is undistorted or at 90. To + 9 0. Twist within the range of octave, while the other structures pass through about 180. The angle is outside the range of Δη, or the middle of the band c) Control the thickness of the liquid crystal layer covering the electrode d to make the product of d close to or again W, which is close to an integer multiplied by the wavelength. He is located at these two values. G is the useful spectral wavelength of the display and Δη is the birefringence of the liquid crystal at this wavelength; σ9 d) provides a device designed to cover the liquid symbol of the electrode, the power signal can make the liquid crystal After the electric field is removed and the structure is maintained, the conversion between the structures is maintained on at least one of the two base plates ^. It is used to break 574561 ---- Ά 911lflRm 6. Apply for a patent The range year and month correction e) provides a device designed to enhance the establishment of the closed state structure in the liquid crystal covering the space between the electrodes. 1 3 · The method as described in item 12 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that it includes the step of manufacturing a liquid crystal of different thickness between the active part corresponding to the pixel and the non-active part between the pixels. . 14. The method according to item 13 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the difference in liquid crystal thickness between the active portion and the non-active portion is less than 15% of the thickness of the liquid crystal covering the active portion. 15 · The method as described in item 13 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the difference between the thickness of the liquid crystal between the active and non-active parts is less than 5% and 10% of the thickness of the liquid crystal covering the active part between. 16. The method according to item 3 of the patent application scope, characterized in that the difference in the thickness of the liquid crystal is generated by removing the substance of the active part. 17 The method according to item 16 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the removal substance is controlled so as to form a twisted structure corresponding to the closed state. ~ 18 · The method as described in item 6 of the scope of the patent application, characterized in that the material removal work at a local position in the space between the electrodes on each base plate is performed in the same procedure at the rest of the electrode Using a wet meal engraving or plasma-expansion money engraving procedure. 19. The method according to item 3 of the scope of the patent application, characterized in that the thickness difference of the liquid crystal is obtained by adding a substance to the non-acting portion. 2 0 The method according to item 1g of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the addition of the substance is controlled so as to correspond to the closed state in the space between the electrodes. Page 25 574561-~ ii! 1960l_ year month day correction ________ VI. Patent Application Scope Obtain a uniform structure. 21 · The method according to item 13 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the thickness difference of the liquid crystal is sufficient to control the thickness of the electrode by a method such that the natural distortion in the thickness of the liquid crystal covering the space between the electrodes produces an on state. Structurally unfavorable. 22. The method according to item 12 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that it includes a step f, in which the composition that can generate the spiral dope is adjusted in a way to make the natural distortion in the thickness of the liquid crystal covering the space between the electrodes unfavorable The structure that generates the open state and its feature is that the natural distortion covered in the thickness of the liquid crystal of the pixel is within a range that allows the twisted and uniform structure to be bistable. = _ The method as described in item 22 of the claim / patent scope, characterized in that the device has a pixel gap slot, and is characterized in that the step of modulating the helical pole that can be generated includes reducing this component until a bi-stable Included in the method described in Shen Xiang% Jiang: Erwei Item 22, which is characterized by the device's spiral line debate, V * 2 9 gap slot, and the step characterized by modulating the pole that can generate a spiral ^ The composition is reduced until it is obtained—a bistable state that can be beneficial = the retention or level characteristic of the pot ' in the space between the electrodes, because a closed-state structure is produced. z b · The method described in φ Ertaizhi <, ^ has-step range item 12, characterized in that it includes the step of precipitating a liquid level layer in a specific way in this way 574561 The space between the trapped electrodes has an extra thickness compared to its thickness on the electrodes, which can reduce the retention energy of its azimuth. 27. The method according to item 2 of the patent application scope, which is characterized in that it includes an azimuth process in two directions, so that the azimuth direction in the space between the electrodes can be selectively modified so as to cover the electrode The natural distortion in the liquid crystal layer of the interstitial space is not conducive to the on-state structure therein. 28. The method as described in item 12 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that it includes an electrical, mechanical or thermal treatment of the device to induce a temporary correction to the natural distortion, and control coverage The retention characteristics in the liquid crystal space between the electrodes, such a temporary treatment is disadvantageous to the structure in which the on-state is generated. ', J 2 9. The method as described in item 12 of the scope of the patent application, characterized in that the thickness of the liquid crystal during the filling operation is to be maintained at the structure which is not conducive to the on state, and then in the final operation of the process The liquid crystal layer filling the device is given its nominal thickness. 30. The method according to item 29 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the procedure for filling the device is performed so that the thickness of the liquid crystal is greater than the final nominal thickness. 'The liquid crystal layer is then reduced to its final value at the end of its manufacturing process. In order to obtain a bistable state in a pixel while maintaining the structure, the “nominal thickness” is detrimental to the open state between the pixels. 31. The method according to item 2 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that at least one of the electrodes contains several different parts, the purpose of which is to generate several independents on the same substrate on the same device. Image elements (pixels) become possible. 574561 _Case No. 9H19601_Year Month Amendment_ VI. Patent Application Range 3 2 · The method described in item 31 of the patent application range is characterized in that the independent image elements (pixels) are provided with a separate device to apply The electric field. 3. The method according to item 31 of the scope of patent application, characterized in that the independent picture elements (pixels) are formed into a multiplexed passive matrix. 34. The method according to item 31 of the scope of patent application, wherein the independent picture elements (pixels) are grouped into a multiplexed active matrix. Page 28