TW490649B - Drive circuit of a single matrix-type organic electrically triggered light emission pixel - Google Patents
Drive circuit of a single matrix-type organic electrically triggered light emission pixel Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
- G09G3/3258—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the voltage across the light-emitting element
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0243—Details of the generation of driving signals
- G09G2310/0251—Precharge or discharge of pixel before applying new pixel voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0252—Improving the response speed
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
- G09G2330/02—Details of power systems and of start or stop of display operation
- G09G2330/021—Power management, e.g. power saving
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Control Of El Displays (AREA)
Description
490649 五、發明說明d) 【發明領域 ^發明係為一種單一像素的驅動電路,特別是一種關 於有機電激發光矩陣式單-像素的驅動電路。 【發明背景】
有日機電激發光(Orgamc Electr〇 — Luminescence ;0EL &主w八疋由玻璃基板、透明正電極銦錫氧化物(1 το )、有機 $薄膜(HTUEML)及金屬負電極(Cath〇de)所形成。 ::力:,壓於此有機電激發光顯示器日夺,電子與電洞分別 自極與負電極注入於有機電激發光膜層。冑子與電洞 成激子(EXClt〇n)而釋放出光。有機電激發光 '李统σ,w戶:使用 < 有機電激發光薄膜之不同可概分成兩 料或顏料材料之小分子發光元賴Ql —e —=子;t —則使用共輛性高分子材料 ° ^ # ii ^ έ 〇 ymei: based device)則被稱為pled 效激;?顯示器具有自發光無需背光源、發光 r m μ — *作屯壓、快速應答、無視角限制、掉作严产 犯圍廣、耗電量低、製造成本低 市?:乍:度 等多項優‘點’符合多媒體時代性要:度:$薄 顯示器之明日之星。 σ ^ ^之要未,可謂是 近來由於顯示面板(p a n e丨)解 +
Rate亦隨著升高,但是〇LED 又々而/增加’Puei 容的影響,當操作頻率隨之增 OLED因兀件特性及寄生電容的充放電 、:右), 關閉(丁_ 0⑴的現象,如第w所示,^有于 V [匕」接在低電位
10^4,、,= 用以控制電晶體4 0的開關而使OLED元件 4^;Γ周整加在資料線30上的脈波寬度及振幅大 操作頻率:“:化因二缺點在於當掃瞄線20及資料線3〇的 於脈】Π二因。生:有= 知㈣無法順咖f §卿;;『=^3== 日士 a路如$1A圖所示’冑電晶體4Q替代為_NpN電晶體Η 守,同樣0LED兀件1〇無法順利進行關閉(Turn 〇f f)。 所以設計一0LED的驅動電路以期能使0LED的操作頻率 挺升,並符合高解析度的要求為一被關注的議題。、 【發明之概述及目的】 本發明主要在於提出一種單一像素(Slngle Pixel)驅 動電路,該驅動方式係以一個電晶體元件加以控制,加速 〇LED元件在充放電時的工作速度’達到需求的工作頻率、 (1 MHz )。 本發明主要在習知驅動電路中增加一放電用旁通電晶 體’用以解決寄生電容造成的反應延遲的效應,以加快電 荷的排除。該電路至少包含:一有機電激發光元件;一第 一電晶體;一第二電晶體;該第一電晶體與該第二電晶體 係為互補式結構,使得資料線利用第一電晶體在驅動〇LED 元件時,第二電晶體是OFF的狀恶並不會造成功率的消耗 ,另外當資料線處於低電位狀態時,第一電晶體是〇FF的 狀態,而當第二電晶體排除多餘電荷後將處於次臨限狀態
490649 五、發明說明(3) ’故整個路徑上只有第一電晶體的漏電流造成功率的消耗 約是p ico W的等級。 ^ 本發明所提之第一電晶體與第二電晶體可以NPN電晶 月豆、PNP電晶體、NM0S與PM0S替代。 再者’本發明所提之驅動電路,更可以配合一電阻的 使用達到線性控制電壓的目的,且該電阻更可以一主動 的電晶體負載替代。 有關本發明之詳細内容及技術,茲就配合圖式說明如 【發明之詳細說明】 由於整個0LED顯示器是採矩陣形式排列,而每一個 0LED兀件形成一個像素(pixel ),所以矩陣形式排列中每 矣列形成一條掃目苗線(Scan Line),每一行形成一條資料 、、、乳(D a t a L i n e ) ’而罪控制掃目苗線(s c a ^ [ i n e )及資料線 (Data Llne)上的電位來控制〇LED的發光行為。 、為解決習知有機電激發光矩陣式單一像素驅動電路备 f順利進行關閉(Turn 〇ff)的問題,本發明藉由控制掃瞄 …Scan Line)與VDD的運用,達到控制〇LED的目的,本發 明更提出一種在習知驅動電路中增加一放電用旁通電晶體 ,用以解決寄生電容造成的反應延遲的效應,以加快電^ ^除。第2圖為本發明第一實施例中之有機電激發光矩 t式單—像素驅動電路圖,其中VDD為一電壓源,而掃目苗 SCan Une)20用來選擇掃瞄,當掃瞄線(Scan Une)2〇 為低電位時為致能(Enab 1 e ),高電位時為非致能
490649 五、發明說明(4) (Disenable);資料線(Data Llne) 30 用來控制一NpN 带曰 體4丨的開關’而使OLED元件10發光,為加強叽⑽元件^ 開關頻率,故利用一PNP電晶體42來解決寄生電容造成的 反應延遲的效應,以加快電荷的排除,並利用調整加 料線(Data 1^1^)30上的振幅大小來控制亮度的變化。由貝 於當(Data Une)30處於低電位狀態時,NpN=曰^曰 OFF的狀態’而當PNP電晶體42排除多餘電荷;::於J臨 ’故,個路徑上只有NPN電晶體41的漏電流造成功 率的消耗約是p i c〇W的等級。 其中,上述之NPN電晶體41的集極端耦合至電壓源 (山VDD),該NPN電晶體41的射極端與該pNp電晶體42 =射極 端共同福合至0LED元件1〇的陽極端,該ΝρΝ電晶體41的美 極端與該Ρ仆電晶體42的基極端共同耗合至資料線 Line)30,該0LED元件1〇的陰極端耗合 L-)2。’謙電晶體崎極端… =二 第以圖、2B圖,2C圖分別為本發明第上::ND) 機電激發光矩陣式單一像素驅動電路之變形二也 第2A圖說明將NPN電晶體41以一NM〇s u替 44替代。第2B圖說明將PNp電晶體42以 Λ二曰Λ。第2C圖說明將NPN電晶體41以-nm〇s 43 曰代。仍,、、'、/、有與第2圖相同的功能及特性。 其中,在第2A圖中,NM0S 43的汲極端執合至谭
(:DD),,NM0S 43 , „ ^ , ^ ^ ,pM〇s ^ ;-知及基座知共同耗合至0LED元件1〇的陽極端,該關〇s U
490649
五、發明說明(5) 的閘極端與該PM0S 44的閘極端並同
Line)3。,該隱元件10的陰:;:= 至資料線㈣ UneWO,該PM0S 44的汲極端耦入1 /至掃猫線(Scan 其中,在第2B圖中,ΝΡΝΦ曰°接地端(GND)。 壓源(VDD),該NPN電s姊41的'日日肢1的集極端耦合至電 極端及基座端共同:: = ==;該酬…源 晶體41的基極端與該·s 44的"^^山的^極端,該NPN電 (Data Line)30,該0LED元件丨 :二同耦合至資料線 _〇S 44的及極端輕合至接地端
其中,在第2C圖中,NM0S 43的汲極 〇00),該_0343的源極端及基座^;;^^1/原 4丄k山u 1 士人土丛立而與该ΡΝΡ電晶體42的 "U _ 5 iOLED元件1G的陽極端,該酬s 43的間 極端與該PNP電晶體42的基極端共同耦合至資料線ta Line)30,該0LED元件10的陰極端耦合至掃目苗線 Line)20,該PNP電晶體42的集極端耦合至接地端(GND)。 第3圖為本發明第二實施例中之有機電激發光矩陣式 單一像素驅動電路圖,其中VDD為一可調式電壓源,而掃 目苗線(S c a n L· i n e ) 2 0用來選擇掃瞄,當掃瞄線(s c a n L i n e )
2 0為低電位時為致能(E n a b 1 e ),高電位時為非致能 (Disenable);資料線(Data Line)30 用來控制—NM〇s 43 的開關及調整電壓’而控制OLED元件l〇亮度變化,並配合 一電阻4 5得使用達到線性控制電壓的目的,為加強〇 L E D元 件10的開關頻率,同樣利用一PMOS 44來解決寄生電容造
第8頁 五、發明說明(6) 成的反應延遲的效應,以力体泰朴 NMOS 43的汲極端透過該” ?何的排除、、巾’上述之 ,該_ 43的源極端及:::串㈣合至電鍾画 座端共同輕合规ED元件44㈣極端Μ 端與該刪S 44的間極二0同的^八極至端43的間極 ,该0LED7C件10的陰極端輕合至掃猫線(Scan Une)2(), 該44的汲極端輕合至接地端(gnd)。 Line)20 苐3 A圖分別為本發明筮-每
陣式單-像素驅動電路之域中之有機電激發光矩 44 ^ ^ » ^pmhq ,ι ,< 又开v。祝明將NMOS 43 以一PMOS 44以一_S 43替代。其中,·OS 44 的源極端及基座端丘同读 44 (_,_〇sH 電阻45的串接輕合至電麼源
F M U b 4 4的〉及極端盘令㈣f) ς /1 q AA、订L 合至OLED元件10的陽搞#二0S 43的汲極端共同耦 43的閘極端共同耗合至料44的間極端與該NM0S ,μ 貝杆線(D a t a L 1 n e ) 3 η,4 η τ r η - 件10的陰極端耦合至掃瞄線( 忒OLEDtl :4圖為本發明第三實施例中之有
Inmo! tsT^, - ί ΐ I : ί 圖分別為本發明第三實。t 式早-像素驅動電路之變形 =“文發光矩陣 主動式的NM0S 43,仍铁中的電阻45換成 。 …、有與*3Α®相同的功能及特性 490649 五、發明說明(7) 電路中掃目苗線及資料線的驅動電壓示意圖。 附件1至附件5為一波形量測示意圖,其中,附件1為 第1圖的波形圖;附件2為第1 A圖的波形圖;附件3為第2圖 的波形圖;附件4為第2A圖的波形圖;及附件5為第2C圖的 波形圖。 【本發明之優點】 本發明提出在習知驅動電路中增加一放電用旁通電晶 體,用以解決寄生電容造成的反應延遲的效應,以加快電 荷的排除,更包含下列優點:
(1 ) 具有高解析的高速操作。 (2 ) 實際應用上具有省電的效果。 (3) 藉由調整工作電壓達到呈現灰階(Gray Scale)的效 果。 (4 ) 具有較長的使用壽命。 雖然本發明以前述之較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非 用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之 精神和範圍内,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之 保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
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Claims (1)
- 六、申請專利範圍 _一 —__ 丨:-種有機電激發光矩陣式單一像素驅動電路,至少包含 有機電激發光元件’該元件具有一陽極端與—陰極 端; 晶體,該 NPNt| 晶 及一基極端; 兒日曰組具有一集極端 :PNP電晶體,該PNP電晶體具有_隹 及一基極端;及 虿集極知 射極端 一射極端 其中上述該NPN電晶體的該隼炻㈣士人 該NPN電晶體的該射極與 厂 至-電壓源, 基極端與該PNP電晶體的該基/,該^N電晶體的該 該有機電激發光元件的該陰極端耦、八冋耦5至—資料線’ 電晶體的該集極端耦合至—接地^ :至一掃瞄線,該PNP 2·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之而 像素驅動電路,其中每一今、兒激發光矩陣式單一 像素。 母為有機電激發光元件形成該單一 3·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之、 像素驅動電路,其中該資料 、兒激發光矩陣式早一 開關,而★該有,電激#光;控㈣㈣«晶體的 4.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之Λ 。, 、。。 像素驅動電路,其中該ΝΡΝ電曰w飞电激發光矩陣式早一 電晶體可以一PM0S替代,t中明;^可以一NM〇S替代,該PNP 極端、-源極端、—基座端及:N 〇S與™各包含-没 厂甲]極端。490649 々、申請專利範圍 5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單一 像素驅動電路,其中該NM0S的該汲極端耦合至該電壓源, 該N Μ〇S白勺言亥源極端及該基座端與言亥P Μ 0 S白勺該源極端及言亥基 座端共同耦合至該有機電激發光元件的該陽極端,該NM0S 的該閘極端與該PM0S的該閘極端共同耦合至該資料線,該 有機電激發光元件的該陰極端耦合至該掃瞄線,該PM0S的 該汲極端耦合至該接地端。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單一 像素驅動電路,其中該ΡΝΡ電晶體可以該PM0S替代,其中 該Ρ Μ 0 S包含一〉及極端、一源極端、一基座端及一閘極端。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單一 像素驅動電路,其中該Ν Ρ Ν電晶體的該集極端耦合至該電 壓源,該ΝΡΝ電晶體的該射極端與與該PM0S的該源極端及 該基座端共同耦合至該有機電激發光元件的該陽極端,該 Ν Ρ Ν電晶體的該基極端與該Ρ Μ 0 S的該閘極端共同搞合至該 資料線,該有機電激發光元件的該陰極端耦合至該掃瞄 線,該Ρ Μ 0 S的該汲極端耦合至該接地端。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單一 像素驅動電路,其中該ΝΡΝ電晶體以該NM0S替代,其中該 Ν Μ 0 S包含一 >及極端、一源極端、一基座端及一閘極端。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單一 像素驅動電路,其中該NM0S的該汲極端耦合至該電壓源, 該Ν Μ 0 S白勺該源極端及該基座端與該Ρ Ν Ρ電晶體白勺該射極端 共同耦合至該有機電激發光元件的該陽極端,該NM0S的該t、申請專利範圍 閘極端與該PNP電晶體的續美★ 日脱的及卷枉鳊共冋耦合至該資料線 元件的該陰極端叙合至華•二 包日日脰的该集極端耦合至該接地端。 一種有機電激發光矩陣式單一像素驅動電路,至少包 一電阻; 端; -有機電激發光元件’帛元件具有—陽極端與一陰極 基座端 基座端 一NMOS ’該NM0S具有一没極端、一源極端 及一閘極端; 一PMOS ’該PM〇s具有一没極端、一源極端 及一閘極端;及 一 •,中上述該NMOS的該汲極端透過該電阻的串接耦合至 兒L源,该NMOS的該源極端及該基座端與該pM〇s的节 極端及該基座端共同耦合至該有機電: 端,該NMOS的节間朽4山盘%PM0S的γ日日 千的^ IV極 一、, 閘極立而與邊PMUb的该閘極端共同耦合至一 :料線,該有機電激發光元件的該陰極端耦合至一掃瞄 線’該PMOS的該汲極端耦合至一接地端。 η·如申請專利範圍第ίο項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單 -像素驅動電& ’其中每—該有機f激發光元件形成 一像素。 1 2·如申請專利範圍第丨〇項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單 一像素驅動電路,其中該資料線係用來控制該NPN電晶體 的開關’而使該有機電激發光元件發光。^— 490649 六、申請專利範圍 1 3.如申請專利範圍第1 0項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單 一像素驅動電路,其中該NM0S與該PM0S可以相互替代。 1 4.如申請專利範圍第1 3項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單 一像素驅動電路,其中該Ρ Μ 0 S的該源極端及該基座端共同 透過該電阻的串接耦合至該電壓源,該PM0S的該汲極端與 該NM0S的該汲極端共同耦合至該有機電激發光元件的該陽 極端,該PM0S的該閘極端與該NM0S的該閘極端共同耦合至 該資料線,該有機電激發光元件的該陰極端耗合至該掃目苗 線,該NM0S的該源極端及該基座端共同耦合至該接地端。 1 5. —種有機電激發光矩陣式單一像素驅動電路,至少包 含: 一主動式NM0S負載,該主動式的NM0S負載具有一没極 端、一源極端、一基座端及一閘極端; 一有機電激發光元件,該元件具有一陽極端與一陰極 端; 一 Ν Μ 0 S,該Ν Μ 0 S具有一没極端、一源極端、一基座端 及一閘極端; 一 Ρ Μ 0 S,該Ρ Μ 0 S具有一;及極端、一源極端、一基座端 及一閘極端;及 其中上述該NM0S的該汲極端耦合至該主動式NM0S負載 的該源極端及該基座端,該主動式NM0S負載的該汲極端及 該閘極端耦合至一電壓源,該NM0S的該源極端及該基座端 與該PM0S的該源極端及該基座端共同耦合至該有機電激發 光元件的該陽極端,該NM0S的該閘極端與該PM0S的該閘極490649 六、申請專利範圍 端共同耦合至一資料線,該有機電激發光元件的該陰極端 耦合至一掃瞄線,該PM0S的該汲極端耦合至一接地端。 1 6.如申請專利範圍第1 5項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單 一像素驅動電路,其中該NM0S與該PM0S可以相互替代。1 7.如申請專利範圍第1 6項所述之有機電激發光矩陣式單 一像素驅動電路,其中該Ρ Μ 0 S的該源極端及該基座端耦合 至該主動式NM0S負載的該源極端及該基座端,該主動式 NM0S負載的該汲極端及該閘極端耦合至一電壓源,該PM0S 的該汲極端與該NM0S的該汲極端共同耦合至該有機電激發 光元件的該陽極端,該PM0S的該閘極端與該NM0S的該閘極 端共同耦合至該資料線,該有機電激發光元件的該陰極端 耦合至該掃瞄線,該NM0S的該源極端及該基座端共同耦合 至該接地端。第16頁
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TW089128285A TW490649B (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2000-12-29 | Drive circuit of a single matrix-type organic electrically triggered light emission pixel |
US09/805,561 US6512334B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2001-03-14 | Organic electroluminescence matrix-type single-pixel drivers |
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TWI382379B (zh) * | 2003-12-18 | 2013-01-11 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | 顯示裝置及其製造方法 |
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WO2003075256A1 (fr) * | 2002-03-05 | 2003-09-12 | Nec Corporation | Affichage d'image et procede de commande |
EP1471494A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2004-10-27 | Barco N.V. | Organic light-emitting diode drive circuit for a display application |
TWI229313B (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-11 | Au Optronics Corp | Display pixel circuit and driving method thereof |
TWI257079B (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-21 | Au Optronics Corp | Emissive circuit capable of saving power |
CA2634827C (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2013-04-23 | Jerry Moscovitch | Controller and graphics assemblies in multi-screen display systems |
US8237645B2 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2012-08-07 | Himax Technologies Limited | Apparatus for driving panel in display system |
US8552649B2 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-10-08 | Honeywell International Inc. | LED lamp head with variable brightness |
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US5724519A (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1998-03-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Complementary transistor circuit and amplifier and CRT display device using the same |
KR0181307B1 (ko) * | 1994-05-27 | 1999-04-01 | 오우라 히로시 | 반도체 시험장치용 드라이버회로 |
TW324862B (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-01-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Liquid display apparatus |
JP3268993B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-31 | 2002-03-25 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 表示装置 |
US6229506B1 (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 2001-05-08 | Sarnoff Corporation | Active matrix light emitting diode pixel structure and concomitant method |
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