TW451115B - Method and apparatus for digital voltage regulation - Google Patents

Abstract

A digital voltage regulator has an input terminal coupled to an input voltage source, an output terminal coupled to a load, and a plurality of switching circuits to alternately couple and decouple the input terminal to the output terminal. An estimated current is calculated for each switching circuit, each estimated current representing a current passing through an inductor associated with the switching circuit. A total desired output current to pass through the inductors is calculated which will maintain an output voltage at the output terminal substantially constant. The switching circuits are controlled based on the estimated current and the total desired output current so that a total current passing through the inductors is approximately equal to the total desired output current.

Description

4 51115 A7 ^ _ B7_ V. Description of the invention (/) The present invention is generally about voltage regulators, and more specifically, about the control system for switching voltage regulators. Voltage regulators, such as DC-to-DC (direct-current to direct-current) converters, are used to provide a stable power supply for electronic systems. Efficient DC-to-DC converters are especially needed for low-power devices such as laptop netobooks and cellular phones. Switching voltage regulators (or "switching regulators" for short) are well known as efficient DC-to-DC converters. Switching regulators convert the input DC voltage to high-frequency voltage and filter high-frequency electric tendons into DC Output voltage. Typically, switching regulators include an switch for alternately connecting an unregulated input DC power source, such as a battery, and a load, such as a integrated circuit. A filter typically includes an inductor and a capacitor The output DC voltage is provided by the filter switch output between the input power and the load. The controller measures the electrical persistence of the circuit, such as the voltage or current of the load, and the duty cycle of the set switch. 俾 Maintains the output DC The voltage is at a substantially uniform level. The performance requirements of voltage regulators for microprocessors are more stringent. One trend is to operate at high currents, such as 352 5G amps. Another trend is to turn on or cut off different parts of the microprocessor Shares save electricity. This requires electricity (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

'Installation -------- Order ---- ^ I line / Printed by the Consumers' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Adjust the 9f outside line power consumption 09 and connect the power loss (1 and then connect. Seconds. Shao Liu Jin Nai should reduce the power and attach a few speed avoidance avoidance device in the fast setting, just as the machine enters the example- Micro, the load sense is near the negative micro-electric device is changed recently or the device is the most close \ The whole load to the device and the negative adjustment of the whole resistance to the voltage of the variable electrical appliances, reduce the negative capacitor to reduce the voltage The size of this paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm). 5. The description of the invention (>) should be small and have a convenient form factor. (Please read the precautions on the back before reading) (Fill in this page) In addition to these special trends, high efficiency is generally required to avoid overheating at high loads, thereby increasing the battery life of portable systems. In addition, it is expected that the voltage regulator should provide consumption at low loads. Low power _'standby mode__. Traditional controllers are like analog circuits such as resistors, capacitors, and amplifiers. Specifically, tb-like circuits are pseudo-expensive and / or difficult to make integrated circuits. The analog signal will be degraded by noise. Missing information ^ In view of the foregoing, there is room for improvement in the voltage regulator and its control bar. Generally speaking, one form of the present invention is broader than the lotus-to-voltage regulator method. This voltage adjustment The device has input terminals for connecting input power, output terminals for connecting loads, and a plurality of switching circuits for alternately connecting and disconnecting input terminals and output terminals. The previous method calculates the estimated current of each switching circuit; each estimate The current custom represents the current through the inductor associated with the switching circuit; and the total current through the inductor calculated to maintain the output voltage at the output terminal at a substantially constant level. The switching circuit is based on the estimated current and the total output current required And control so that the total current through the inductor is approximately equal to the total required output current. Another aspect of the present invention is a voltage regulator having an input terminal connected to an input power source and an output terminal connected to a load. A plurality of switching circuits should be used. Digital control signals are used to intermittently connect input terminals and output terminals. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A 4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) B7 V. Description of the invention (彡) < Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) »Plural filters, each of which contains an inductor, are provided in the output terminals as DC Output voltage. The plurality of current detectors generate feedback signals derived from the current through the switching circuit. "The digital controller receives and uses the plurality of feedback signals to calculate the estimated current for each switch circuit; an estimated current 傜 represents the pass The current of the inductor associated with the switching circuit and the total output current calculated through the inductor required to maintain the output voltage on the output terminal at the constant quality of the spring. The digital control signal is generated based on the estimated current and the required total output current, so that the total current through the inductor is approximately equal to the required total output current. Printed by employees of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs on consumer cooperation. The third aspect of the present invention is to determine the total current flowing through the switching circuit of the sleep regulator, and to maintain the output voltage on the output terminal at a substantially constant level. The switching circuit intermittently connects the input terminal and the output terminal, the input terminal fe is connected to the input power source, and the output terminal is connected to the load β voltage regulator including at least one capacitor connected to the output terminal. The first output voltage is measured on the output terminal for the first time, and the second output voltage is measured on the output terminal for the second time. Calculate the estimated current that represents the current flowing through the inductor, and calculate the current that flows in and out of at least one capacitor before the current based on the difference between the first output voltage and the second output voltage, and according to the desired voltage and the first and second The difference between one of the output voltages is used to calculate the required total p current of the correction current β voltage regulator, which is calculated from the difference between the sum of the estimated current and the correction current and the capacitor current. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a voltage regulator. The regulator has an input terminal connected to the input calendar and an output terminal connected to the load. The switching circuit should intermittently connect the input terminal and the output terminal with a digital control signal. This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 451115 B7_ V. Description of invention (0) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The output terminals provided by the filter are generally The output voltage of the DC current detector generates the first digital feedback multiple representing the current flowing through the switching circuit. The voltage detector generates a second digital feedback signal representing the output voltage. The digital controller receives and uses digital feedback signals to generate digital control signals. The digital controller is configured to maintain the output power at the output terminals at a substantially constant level. The S appearance of the present invention relates to an input terminal having a connected input power source and an output terminal connected to a load. The voltage regulator has a plurality of slave switching circuits. The slave switching circuit has a switching circuit that softly connects the input terminal and the wheel output terminal between digital control multiples, and provides a filter whose output terminal is generally DC output voltage. An R-bit controller that generates a digital feedback signal representing a current through a switching circuit and receives and uses a digital feedback signal from a plurality of attached switching circuits to generate a plurality of digital control signals. The digital controller pseudo-structure can maintain the output voltage on the output terminal at a substantially constant level. Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Another aspect of the present invention is a method for operating a voltage regulator having an input terminal connected to an input power source and an output terminal connected to a load. The input terminals and output terminals are intermittently connected by digitally controlling the number by means of a switching circuit. The output filter of the switching road: It provides the DC output voltage to the output terminal. It represents the digital feedback signal of the current passing through the switching circuit. It is generated by the current detector. The digital controller receives and uses the digital feedback signal from the auxiliary switching circuit to generate a digital control signal. The digital controller structure can maintain the output voltage on the output terminal at a constant level of β-6.-This paper size is applicable to the Chinese standard (CNS) A4 (210 * 297 mm) 451115 A7 __B7___ 5. Description of the invention (R) Another type of the present invention is a voltage regulator having an input terminal with an output power source and an output terminal connected to a load. The switching circuit should intermittently connect the input and output terminals with the control signal. The filter provides an output voltage that is roughly DC. Digital controller: The clock frequency fcl (JCk digital controller receives the first digital feedback signal from the output voltage on the output terminal and the current through the switching circuit is much higher than the desired switching frequency fswitCh of the switching circuit The derived second digital feedback signal is used to generate the control signal of the control switching circuit, which maintains the output voltage at a substantially constant level. Another aspect of the present invention is related to the input terminal and connection load of the Lianzhuan that have a connected input current. Method for adjusting the calendar of the output terminal. The input terminal and the output terminal are intermittently connected by a digital control signal through a switching circuit. The output of the switching circuit is filtered to provide a substantially DC output voltage to the output terminal. Digital control The device rotates at a clock frequency fclock that is much higher than the desired switching frequency fswiteh of the switching circuit. The digital controller receives the first digital feedback signal derived from the output voltage on the output terminal in one clock cycle and from the inductor through the inductor. The second part of the current export (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ---- Order --------- line. Ministry of Economic Affairs wisdom The production bureau employee consumer cooperatives printed the letter sensor, the lightning system, the current flow of the electric terminal, the control of the electric power, the road of the power output, and the road of the integrator. The flow control position has the appearance of the normal production, the pre-preserver, the reserver, and the constant storage power-quality control. Change. 7 Control the real pseudo-pressure circuit to cut the flow-located in the state of electricity and electricity data E Type, change the root estimate. Electricity outside the cut-pre-numbered out of the son of the loser of the new generation of electricity Dian Xinming to hold Mingliu end-of-life assessment and return to the production date of the pre-production position, and the number device and the beginning The size of the current paper is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 451115 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention The initial end of the current includes the cut, and the storage-dimensional output is replaced by the power transmission terminal. The device that passes the electricity from the device to the device is the flow source. The mass storage circuit is set. The end-of-line filtering and control of the power demand when the electricity demand from the fixed power to the actual storage power is increased. The position is changed, and the transmission and output terminal cuts the current at the power transmission line. The power transmission voltage is cut into the upper part. According to the power line and the isostatic ground current terminal, it is connected to the power. According to the root of the power transmission line, It is estimated that the current input and output terminals of the electric power interruption device have a terminal device. The pre-constant current is used to estimate the output terminal's entire terminal inductance. The electric conversion of the transferred current. The result of the total pre-assessment of the new quality of the transmission and adjustment. C There is a voltage transmission. The DC has electricity. Yu Duan Yudian pre-produced in the root organ in the first stage and electric Yu's pre-production of the conjoined device need to be closed and used to suppress the sense of vulgarity. The output flow of the electric circuit is the electric discharge over-state of the wave-breaking normal state at the end of the filter, and the electric constant plastic load and the filter flow rate described in the electric power transmission reduction state are described below. The former loses its quality and loses its value when the model loses; the electric pre-cut makes the foreign method cut like the pre-reduction of the foreign sign, and it feels that it is above the S circuit breaker.俥 S party. The current also contains the letter of the power supply, the power of the UMC, the current of the sub-current system, the negative current of the sub-current system, and the overdue voltage of the system. The current-controlling electric power generator cuts out the electricity and outputs it, while the current electricity generation enters the pre-synchronization circuit table to rectify the local voltage over-regulation, the transmission device, the transmission device, and the generator and the forging electricity number. The sub-current state holds the total electric generator to the sense period, and there is a change and storage state (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) This paper is applicable to 0 standards < CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) 451115 A7 _B7_ V. Description of the invention (7) and the control signal of the control switching circuit is generated based on the estimated current and the required output current to maintain the output voltage at a substantially constant level. Another aspect of the present invention is pseudo-relevant to the input terminal of the Lianzhuan that has a connected input power source; an output terminal connected to the load: and at least one switching circuit for intermittently connecting the input terminal and the output terminal; a voltage regulator method. The estimated current is calculated for each of the aforementioned switching circuits. Each estimated current represents the current through the inductor associated with the switching circuit. Β is calculated as the current required to maintain the output voltage on the output terminal at a substantially constant level. Total current of the instrument, and calculate the upper and lower limits of the current. The average of the upper and lower current limits is equal to the output current required by each inductor. For one or more switching circuits, the switching circuit operates to connect the input terminal to the output terminal when the estimated current falls below the lower limit of the current, and the switching circuit will switch when the estimated current exceeds the upper limit of the current. The output terminal is grounded. The S appearance of the present invention is about the input terminal of the lotus turn with a connected input power supply; an output terminal connected to the load; and at least one intermittent connection (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). ---- Order ---- Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs to exchange the printed form. The flow cut by the Fang Dai holder is to make the current flow of the electric power to be calculated separately. The calculated current must be adjusted and estimated by the metering station. It is necessary to make a reservation for each electricity quasi-electricity, such as the flow of electricity; to change the current flow, the current inductor is always cut, and the constant current is changed. The connection to the individual exchanges> The road closing pressure estimates that there is electricity in the cut-off terminal and that the pre-transmission circuit is switched to the out-of-circuit circuit. Each time the switch and the switch are switched on and off, the switch is switched and the switch is switched on and off. In short, the paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 grid (210 X 297 mm) 451115 A7 '_ B7_ V. Description of the invention (2) Another type of the invention is pseudo-operational: it has a connection to the input The input terminal of the power supply; the output terminal connected to the load; and a plurality of switching circuits for intermittently connecting the input terminal and the output terminal; the method of m voltage regulator. One of the plurality of switching circuits is selected as a reference circuit, and the required phase shift is determined for the remaining switching circuits. Calculate the estimated current of each switching circuit, and each estimated current represents the current through the theater device associated with this switching circuit. Calculate the total output current through the inductor required to maintain the output voltage on the output terminal at a substantially constant level. The switching circuit is urged to connect the output terminal to the input terminal or ground, texture, to the desired phase offset and the desired Total output current. The advantages of the present invention can include the following: the voltage regulator can handle a relatively large current and can respond quickly to changes in load. The voltage regulator can use a small capacitor with a convenient form factor; the voltage regulator can include complex different phase operation, and a switching circuit that reduces the current build-up; the controller converts the analog measurement into a digital signal to reduce the use of the analog circuit To a minimum; almost all controllers use digital circuits to perform control actions and use well-known processes to use traditional complementary metal-gas semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing technology to reduce the number of off-chip components in the controller- ---------- Installation --- (Please #-Read the notes on the back and fill out this page) Control the number of digital devices, the system can be used to control the number; The pulse frequency of the device is based on the pulse frequency, which can be calculated from the calculated frequency and the signal pressure ratio. The control frequency should be good. The change should be reversed and changed at the same time. Quick mention is that this device is not far away from the simple power distribution, the control can be carried by information; the number method negative through the purchase of this paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210x 297 mm ) 451115 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (彳 第 第 .Electrical block shows the device of the square. For example, test the outflow side of the real detection block and the device of the other device. The first version of the book is shown in Figure 1. Figure _ Diagram of the block-side device control and control of the device. Figure 3. Control the change of the map and cut the 3rd picture by 1A to show you the best picture A 3 4 The 3rd piece is attached to the pass and the current estimation is compared with the false figure 5. The flow path is the way to be realistic The current estimate of Fang Dian's change in the sequence is predictive of the false picture D 0 6? When there is electricity being repaired and delivered, the estimate of the actual electricity is forecasted. The whole picture adjustment sequence is changed to 6D when the time is cut ~ and the No. 6A voltage signal and the output and output demand indicator are compared with the picture detection bh 7D flow; electric map 7-8 The first step in the sequence of the first picture of the first step of the map road electricity and electricity change intention display system control and control of the traditional method of electricity demand Use the diagram to show the diagram ο 9 1 The first electric switch and the attached reference device to change and cut the garden 1 The system control is presented 〇 System diagram 11 Flow chart (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ) ---- Order --------- Line 'Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, which is a production method with a test pass and passed _ 1 ±. The customary method shown in the figure, the 2 way 1 of the road No. 1 of the letter system control road S is switched by the attached party. Figure 11 shows the current image of the electric garden No. 13 road ii AN Attach the tester to complete the 0-cut drawing A IX, shown in Figure 0 AI 3 Figure 1 In the preface, the paper size is applicable National Standard (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm> 451115 AA7 BB7 V. Description of the Invention timing chart of control ([pi]) of the channel signals. (Please read the cautions on the back before filling this page.) Figure 14 shows a flow chart showing the method of controlling the phase relationship between the auxiliary switching circuits. One of the transistors is switched by referring to the auxiliary switching circuit to the preset value. After the time, the other transistors are switched according to the comparison result of the estimated current to current limit. Fig. 15 shows the timing diagram of the current generated by the method of Fig. 14 by referring to the switching circuit and the non-reference attached switching circuit. Fig. 16 shows the customs of controlling the phase between the attached switching circuits. The process flow of the method is to adjust the current limit value of the non-reference attached switching switch. Figure 17 (shown in Figure 16) shows the timing of the current from the reference switching circuit and the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit generated by the method in (16). (18) shows the generation of the ghost current of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit (gh 〇stcurrent) method flowchart. Section 19_ is a flowchart showing a method for controlling the phase bar between the auxiliary switching circuits, in which the estimated current pseudo and ghost currents of the auxiliary switching circuits are compared. Figure 2fl_ is a timing chart showing the current through the reference attached switching circuit during the execution of the method of Figures 18 and 19. FIG. 21 is a timing chart of the ghost conduction state of one of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuits generated by the current of the 20th reference switching circuit. FIG. 22 is a timing chart of the ghost current generated by the method of FIG. 18 and the ghost conduction state of FIG. 21. Figure 23 傜 shows the performance of the reference auxiliary switching circuit generated by the method in Figure 19 圔 and the timing chart of the ghost current in Figure 22 ^ * 12 " This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 451 1 1 5 ΑΆ7 BB7 V. Description of the invention () Figure 24 shows a schematic diagram of the method of controlling the phase relationship between the auxiliary switching circuits & $ flow chart, which generates the shadows of the reference and non-reference auxiliary switching circuits. The current of the auxiliary switching circuit and the estimated switching current of the auxiliary switching circuit control the auxiliary switching circuit. Figure 25 shows the timing diagram of the non-referenced switching power @ = one generated by the clock signal. Figure 26 shows the timing diagram of the ghost flow generated by the method of Figure 18 and the conduction state of the ghost shadow of Figure 25. Figure 27_ 僳 shows the additional switching generated by the method of Figure 24. Circuit performance and timing diagram of phantom current in Figure 26. * Detailed description of the button. Referring to Figure 1, the switching regulator 10 is connected to the unadjusted DC input current through the input terminal 20, such as for a battery. The output terminal 22 of the switching conditioner 10 is connected to the load 14. For example, the integrated circuit β load 14 typically has a desired nominal voltage vnran and a zero-voltage tolerance ΔνηΜΠ. The typical nominal voltage Vn of the microprocessor crystal > 1 is about 1.0 to 5.0 volts, such as about 1.2 to 18 volts, and the typical voltage tolerance ΛνηΜη is like the nominal voltage Vnmn 2 + / -6%, that is, about 80n \ f at a nominal voltage of 1.2 volts. The switching regulator 10 傺 serves as a DC-to-DC converter between the input terminal 20 and the output terminal 22. The switching regulator 10 includes one or more switches for converting the input voltage on the input terminal to the output voltage VDUt on the output terminal 22; this output voltage Vwt is within the allowable range of the nominal voltage Vn <)m; And a main controller 18 for controlling the operation of the auxiliary switching circuit 16. The main controller 18 may be powered by a power source 12 (as shown) or another power source. -13- The size of this paper applies _ National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) i 1 I line '451115 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (In short, the main controller 18 uses a digital current-based control algorithm. According to the feedback of the output voltage attached switching circuit, the main controller 18 controls The algorithm is determined to maintain the output voltage V. ^ At the substantially constant level, and within the tolerance range, the state of each auxiliary switching circuit. The main controller 18 generates and controls each auxiliary switching circuit and sets it to an appropriate level. A group of control signals. More specifically, the main controller 18 ensures that the current flowing out of the switching regulator 10 matches the current flowing into the load 14, thereby maintaining the output voltage at a substantially constant level. For example, if the current load ( Or "load" for short) When the amount of current passing through the attached switching circuit is increased, "this allows the current H to step up" to the desired load. Conversely, if the load is reduced, it is switched by the auxiliary operation. Circuit current Reduce the "this allowable current __decrease" to the desired load. Each auxiliary switching circuit 16 contains a switching circuit 24, and this switching circuit 24 alternately connects and disconnects the input terminal 20 and the intermediate terminal 26. The power switch. The switching circuit 24S contains a rectifier that grounds the intermediate terminal 26. It is printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ------------ 1-install ---., (Please read first (Notes on the back then fill out this page)

Such as switches or diodes. Each auxiliary switching circuit is connected to the output terminal 22 through an output filter 2B. The switching circuit 24 is turned on and off on the intermediate terminal 26 to generate an intermediate electroscope Vilvt with a rectangular waveform. The output filter 28 converts the rectangular wave to an output voltage substantially DC at the output terminal 22. Although the switching regulator shown and described below is used as a large converter form (bupk converter topolgy), the present invention can also be applied to other voltage regulators and forms, such as boost converters or large converters. -Buck-boost converter topology. -1 4-This paper size applies Chinese national standard (CNS> A4 size (210 X 297 mm) 4S1 1 1 5 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (θ) As shown, the switching circuit 24 and the output dropper 28 are false In the form of a large converter β, specifically, each of the switching circuits 24 of the switching circuit 16 includes a switch, such as a first transistor having a source connected to the input terminal 20 and a drain connected to the intermediate terminal 26. 30. The switching circuit 24 further includes a rectifier, such as a second transistor 32 having a source connected to ground and a drain connected to the intermediate terminal 26. The first transistor 30 may be a P-type HOS (PMOS) device, as for The second transistor 32 may be an N-type MOS (NHOS) device. Alternatively, the second transistor 32 may be replaced by a diode or a dimorphium may be provided to provide rectification. The first and second transistors 3 [ ) And 32 can be driven by switching multiples on control lines 44a and 44b. The output amplifier 28 includes an inductor 34 connected between the intermediate terminal 26 and the output terminal 22, and a capacitor 36 connected in parallel with the load 14. In addition, each auxiliary switching circuit 16 may be provided with a common line connected to the inductor 34 or a capacitor or replace the capacitor 36. When the first transistor 30 is turned off and the second transistor 32 is turned on (PH0S is turned on) State), the intermediate terminal 26 is connected to the power source 12, and the power source 12 supplies energy to the main load 14 through the first transistor 30. Conversely, if the first transistor is turned on and the second transistor 32 is turned off (NM0S is on), the intermediate terminal 26 is grounded, and t energy is supplied to the load 14 through the inductor 34. Ministry of Economic Affairs The control circuit of the Fujitsu switching circuit additionally includes the first and second current detectors 40 and 42 for measuring the current flowing through the first and second transistors 30 and 32. The main controller 18 is mainly based on the current. The control algorithm uses information from the current detectors 40 and 42 in a pseudo manner. Each current detector generates digital output signals on one or more output lines. For single digit times, 'output line-1 5-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 45 丨 1 丨 5 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (punch) (please first Read the “$” on the back of the idle reading and then fill in this page) The digital output on the above can be switched from high to low when the current through the auxiliary switching circuit drops below the trigger current (or vice versa, specifically, the first current detection When the current passing through the first transistor exceeds the first trigger current IPeroSS # III # fg to high, similarly, the output of the second current detector 42 is output at the first The output signal on the 2 output line 44d is switched from high to low when the current passing through the second transistor 32 drops below the second trigger current ItIenjss. As shown in the first figure, the single output lines 44c and 44d can Directly connected to the main controller 18. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 1A, the first and second output lines can be combined to form a single output line 44ge. In this case, the main controller 18 is based on an auxiliary switching circuit Whether the PM0S (1st crystal or P M 0 S (conduction state of the second transistor is on the output line) The signals gi, g2, ... gn on 4 4 g are the currents that the apricot represents through the first or 笫 2 transistor. Referring to the figure 2, the 毎 値 current detector, such as the first current detector 40, contains Reference is made to transistor 52, current source 54, and comparator 56. Similar current detectors are pseudo-described in the simultaneous application, US Patent Application No. 0 9/1 83, 4 1 7, the name is current measurement technology, express Number (Express

Mail Label) EM 202 542 906 US, and has been transferred to the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative to print the trustee. In the patent application, the content of the gold department shown in this patent application is collected by this article. As a reference. The reference transistor 52 has a source connected to the source of the measured transistor, that is, the first transistor 30, a drain connected to the current source 54, and a gate connected to the control line 44e. Reference transistor 52. Matching power transistor 30, that is, the transistor components are fabricated on the same wafer and the same size using the same process. These transistors are -1 6-This paper size applies to Chinese national standards (CNS > A4 specifications). (210 X 297 mm) 4 51115 A7 1 _B7_ V. Description of the invention (纩) The crystal has substantially equal electrical characteristics. The known current I flows through the current source 54. The positive input of the comparator 56 is connected to the reference transistor 52. The drain (please ^-read the notes on the back and fill in this page) node 58 between the current source 54 and the negative input 比较 of the comparator 56 is connected to the intermediate terminal 26. The output of the comparator 56 is pseudo-connected to the reference line 44ce The composition of the second current detector 42 is the same as that of the first current detector 40, but the polarity depends on the needs of the HOS transistor. In operation, it is assumed that the power transistor 30 and the reference transistor 5 When both 2 are closed, the current Islave of the attached switching circuit flows through the power transistor 3 0 and the reference current Irei flows through the reference transistor 52. The voltage (V_) at node 58 is based on Vnode =%-URX Irei) It can be concluded that RR series 1 transistor The equivalent resistance 52, as the intermediate terminal 26 of voltage Vint on INTRODUCTION by Vm = - (R p X Islave) obtained, wherein the equivalent resistance R p 30 Jie power transistor. Because the reference transistor 52 僳 is made of a single transistor element and the power transistor is made of an N transistor element, the resistance RP of the power transistor is substantially equal to the resistance of the reference transistor 52 of 1 / fi, which is based on the node voltage VMde = -(E f XNX Irap)

When Isiave is greater than NX Ircf, it is greater than the intermediate voltage Vk. 〇 Therefore, if the current of the auxiliary switch circuit Isave (I__) is greater than the printed circuit current NX. A 髙 signal is output on line 4 4 c, and if the slave circuit current Islave is less than the critical current NX ^, a low signal is output and output on reference line 4 4 c. The two current detectors 40 and 42 can form different reference currents Iref to provide different critical currents IPercss and INe_. The first critical current IPeross of the first output detector 40 may be greater than the -17 of the second current detector 42 " This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 45llig Ministry of Economy « Printed by the Consumer Bureau of the Property Bureau A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) The second critical current INcross. Therefore, when the current detector 4tm attached to the rattan switching circuit current Isiave is greater than the critical current Ipm > ss, it outputs a high magnification number on the first output line 44c, otherwise it outputs a low signal. Similarly, when the current detector 4 2 苕 auxiliary switching circuit current Is ^ ve is greater than the critical current INcn) SS, it outputs a high signal on the output line 4 4 d * otherwise it outputs a low signal. These are simple critical output currents that provide the main controller 18 with information about the current flowing through the auxiliary switching circuit. Analog analog signals are less affected by exposure noise, consume less power, and eliminate the need for gold-level analog-to-digital current conversion. Massive interconnection. The selected current critical values INe_ and 1 cause the auxiliary switching circuit current Is] ave to cross at least one critical value during one switching cycle, that is, during the on-state of the PMOS and NMOS. The critical current 1poros should be greater than the critical current INc_ 俥 Increase the probability of the auxiliary switching circuit current Is ^ crossing the critical current Ipcross after the hb comparator is enabled. In one example, the first critical current IPcn) SS may be about 8 amps, and the second critical current INe_ may be about 2 amps. The current detector can form multiple digital signals. For example, the current detector can generate a first digital signal if the current of the attached switching circuit ISlav «exceeds the first critical current IPcross, and can output a second digital signal if the attached switching circuit current 〖slave exceeds the second critical current ^.

AP〇r〇SS returns to Figure 1 again. As mentioned above, the output voltage Vout 输出 at the output terminal 22 is adjusted by the main controller 18 or maintained at a substantially constant level. The main controller 18 measures the voltage on the output terminal and receives the current detector 4t) and 42 digital output on the output lines 44c and 44d of each attached switch circuit. 8-This paper size applies Chinese national standards ( CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) II 11 1 pack i !! f order-II-'V. / (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) A7 B7 Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the employee's consumer cooperative V. Description of the invention (/ 7) The output signal β 镨 should be determined by the output lightning voltage Vout and the current of the current detector. The main controller 18 generates a Control signals for operation of 1 and 2 transistors 30, 32. The operation of the main controller 18 will be described in detail hereinafter. The main controller and the auxiliary switching circuit 16 can be composed of digital and switch / container components, which are almost gold parts. Therefore, most of the switching regulators 10 can implement or manufacture traditional CMOS technology on a single chip. However, it is preferable to fabricate each of the attached switching circuits 16 on a single wafer and the main controller 18 on a separate wafer. Alternatively, 'each attached switching circuit can be manufactured on a single 1C, the voltage detector can be manufactured on a separate chip, and the remaining digital controllers can be manufactured on another 1 (3 crystals. A crystal Η It can be manufactured using traditional CMOS technology. Referring to FIG. 3, the main controller 18 contains a voltage sampling circuit 6D. This circuit 60 tilts or multiplies the discrete time measurement output terminal 22 during each cycle of the switching circuit. Output voltage Vout. The sampling circuit 60 can be made substantially like the patent application filed by Authony J. Stratakos on December 16, 1997. The US patent application serial number is 0/991, 334, and the name is used for the switching regulator. The discrete sample has been transferred to the structure described in the trustee of the present invention. The entire content of this patent application is hereby incorporated by reference. The ground point of the sampling circuit 60 can be directly connected to the processor. The ground point reduces the errors caused by parasitic capacitance and inductance. The voltage sampled by the sampling circuit 60 is converted into a digital voltage signal by an analog to digital (A / D) converter 62. The main controller 1 8 g contains digital control Lotus algorithm is 6 4. Digitally controlled lotus-1 9- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications < 210 X 297 mm) ------------- yM .-- -i (Please read the precautions on the back first to fill in this page) Order · Sleep 4 〇- 线 451 π 5 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (status) The algorithm receives the digital voltage signal from the A / D converter 62. The output signals ci, c2, ... cn and dU, ____dn of the output lines 44c and 44d, and the clock number 66 from the external clock. Clock signal 66 (Read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Can be generated by the same clock as those running the processor, other 1C devices in the load, or the clock on the main controller chip . The clock frequency fclt) ck should be much higher than the switching frequency fswlteh of the switching circuit 24, for example, 1 D to 100 factors, to ensure fast response to load changes. However, the clock frequency fclock should not be high enough to make the switching regulator And the main controller draws a lot of power from the power supply. Typically, the clock frequency fd (iek is not as high as the clock speed of the dismounted processor and can be generated by dividing the clock signal of the microprocessor. The clock signal 66 may have a frequency between about 16 and 66 HHZ, for example, about 33 MHz ^ Mm fclock. Referring to Figure 3A, another example of the main controller IV includes a voltage sampling and holding circuit 60 'connected to the output terminal 22 to measure the difference between the output voltage and the nominal voltage, which is Vout (n) -Vnom, and the difference between the current output voltage and the output voltage of the previous clock cycle, that is, V_n) -V_ (1 > 1) printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The digital nominal voltage V ησινν can be set by an external pin and converted to an analog voltage by a digital-to-analog (D / A) converter 68. In this example, the voltage difference sampled by the sampling circuit 60 'is converted by two D / A converters 62_ into two digital voltage difference signals. The smaller conversion range required by the voltage difference (compared to the A / D converter 1 (6 ')) allows simpler and faster A / D converters. The digital control algorithm receives signals from the A / D converter Digital voltage difference of 62 ', the output signals Ci, C2, ... Cn and di, d2 ..... dn from the output lines 44c and 44d, and the external clock signal 66, -2 0- This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 451115 A7 B7 Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Consumer Property Cooperatives of the Bureau of Intellectual Property. V. Description of invention (β) Digital nominal voltage vncm, The current limiting multiple β on line 44i (which will be described below with reference to Figure 1A). Referring to Figures 1 and 3 again, the digital control algorithm 64 generates a set of control signals 31 on the timing lines 4 4 and 4 41. &Amp; 2, .._ & 11 and 1) 1, b ... bn to control the transistors 30 and 32 of each auxiliary switching circuit 16. According to the current load, the digital control lotus algorithm 64 determines the switching state of a Futo switching circuit, that is, the transistor 30 is turned off and the NMOS transistor 32 is turned on, the NMOS transistor 32 is turned off and the PM0S transistor 30 is turned on. Both 30 and the NHOS transistor 32 are turned on, and the output voltage La at the output terminal 22 is maintained to be within a voltage tolerance Δνη <) π of the nominal voltage Vnwn. Alternatively, referring to FIGS. 1A, 3A, and 13A, the main controller 18 'may generate one or more digital states and control signals. These signals are explained by the on-chip of the switching circuit 16 attached thereto. The selector 48 is selected to generate control multiples on the control lines 44a, 44b '. As shown, the main controller 18 'generates the PH0S state control signals h, c2, ... en on the state control line 44e, and the NM0S state control times f1, f2, ·' on the state control line 44f. · Fn, and the continuous / non-flailing mode on the state control line 44 h, the turn control times ht, h 2, ____hn. Specifically, when the hurricane switching circuit is switched to the PM0S on state, the main controller outputs a pulse 49a on the PH0S state control line 4 4e. Conversely, when the auxiliary switching circuit is switched to the NMOS state, the main controller 18 outputs a pulse 49be on the NMOS state control line 44f, and the interpreter 48 interprets the pulse 49a on the state control line 44e. The upper edge is used to switch the auxiliary switching circuit 16 to the PM0S state. Please note that this page is bound. This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm).

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs i 'Invention Description (k) For example, by setting the control line 44a_high and the control line 44 IT low. Conversely, the rising edge of the pulse 49 b on the state control line 44 f is interpreted by the interpreter 48 on the chip to switch the auxiliary switching circuit 16 to the NMOS state, for example, by setting the control line 44 a, low and setting the control line. Command of 44b1. The interpreter on the chip can reduce the pulses of antimony on the state control lines 44e and 44f respectively to enable the tb on the current detectors 4Q and 4 2 to be enabled (ena U e). Β If When the continuous winding mode is enabled (for example, the control line 44 h is low), when the auxiliary switching circuit I8] flve is negative, the switching circuit operates normally. However, if the PMOS transistor 30 is turned off and the continuous transfer mode control signal is disabled (for example, the control line 44h is high), then the auxiliary switching circuit current IsLave. Drops to less than zero. Both the crystal 30 and the NMOS transistor 32 are turned on, preventing negative current from passing through the attached switching circuit. In general, the main controller 18 causes the auxiliary switching circuit to rotate in the non-mining mode because the efficiency of this mode is high. However, when the load is large and decreases rapidly, lotus rotation is more advantageous in continuous mode. The auxiliary switching circuit may also include a fault protection circuit 68. If the current through the switching circuit exceeds a dangerous level, such as 15 amps, the operation of the auxiliary switching circuit will be automatically stopped (overriding the control signal sent by the main controller) . If the fail-safe circuit 68 is activated, the auxiliary switching circuit may send a digital signal on the current limit line 44i (refer to 3A) to notify the main controller 18 'that the auxiliary switching circuit has stopped operating. The switching circuit with hurricane can generate other digital feedback multiples β. For example, the switching circuit with 靥 can include -22 for generating the state of the switching regulator, such as the ON state of PM0S or NM0S. CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) —1- · -------- Order --------- π a ·) {Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Α7 Β7 V. Description of the Invention (Clever) State detector for digital status signal. Referring to Figure 4, the clock cycle Tclock, for example, if the clock frequency is about 3 3 M Uz, it is about every 30 × 1 second, and the digital control algorithm is 64, and the control method 1 is executed. The control algorithm 64 determines the estimated current Iestimate for each auxiliary switching circuit representing the current through the inductor of the auxiliary switching circuit (step 1D2). The control algorithm 64 additionally calculates the target output voltage Vdes representing the output terminal 22 (step 104), and calculates that the representative should flow through the inductor to the load to maintain the output voltage ν. ^ Actually, the total current Itatal (step 112), which is equivalent to the current of the main voltage Vdes, is described in the following. However, it should be understood that these steps need not be performed in a particular order. For example, various calculations can be performed simultaneously or in the previous clock cycle and the results can be stored. Specifically, the required voltage and current can be calculated and stored for use in the next clock cycle. Referring to Figures 1 and 5, the current Iestimate is calculated at step 102. The rate of change of the current through the electronic device, that is, dI / dT, is proportional to the voltage applied to the electric device, 俾

Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The L pseudo current in the above formula flows from the intermediate terminal 26 to the inductor of the inductor at the output terminal 22. in? << (During the on-state, the 26 intermediate terminals are connected to the input power and the voltage applied to the two ends of the electric SK device 34 is also ΠΠ vout -vimerme &lt; liate., Positive value, thereby making the current flowing through the inductor Increasing >> Conversely, during N M (3 S on-state, the middle terminal 2 6 is pseudo--23)-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 451115

Af7 V. Description of the invention (A) The voltage VtoduetOT applied to ground across inductor 34 is negative, thereby reducing the current flowing through the inductor. During the PHOS on-state, the slope of the auxiliary switching circuit current Islave (shown as dashed line 70) is obtained by the following formula

d! X dT L (2) As for the slope of the switching circuit current I during the ON state of the NM0S, f = rr-L is obtained from the following formula: (3) The estimated current Iestimate is adjusted for each clock cycle. Line 7 2). Specifically, during the pkos on-state, the estimated current iestimate is incremented by a step-up value Alup at each clock cycle. Similarly, during the N M 0 S on-state, the estimated current Ie3timate is decreased by a decreasing value at each pulse cycle. The ascending and descending values and can be obtained by the following formula: Δ /., V .. • Λί «* — L, h (4) The inductance of the L 傺 inductor 34 in the above formula, and fdc &gt; ek is the pseudo clock frequency. In the determination of ΔΙ # and ΛΙαπ, the nominal value can be used as a variable 俥 in, and the I stream can be recursively recalculated to adjust the if current instead of the electric current. The estimated value of the parallel state changes 2 and the pre-modification rate is between L, L, and L. This current rate and the power transfer are reduced. Pass the fclo device to change and rectify and change 舁, 诹 L, and 0vout 24 sense circuits, cut electricity, period, ‘on’, or turn νώ 俾 is between, but time is 1 ^ down. # Device or 'AId rate can be adjusted with the whole energy reduction and change test IUP and Xiao cut can △ ascend to know (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page &gt; This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm) 451 1 1 5 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (&gt; &gt;) 1 estimate

It will deviate from the actual auxiliary switching circuit current I • slave is A estimate dropped below the lower critical current h. The estimated current is to check the estimated current iestimate for the actual auxiliary switching circuit current IsIave. Check the estimated current Iestimate of the attached switching circuit with each clock cycle. Relative to the output signals of the current detectors 40 and 42. If the estimated value does not match the measured value, the estimated value is rounded to match the two. Referring to 6A and 7A, during the PMOS on-state, if the estimated current Iestimate is lower than the upper critical current IPc ^ ss, but when the output current ci of the current detector 40 is increased, the estimated current Iestunate is added to match Ipcr. 〇ss. Stomach 6B &amp; 7Bβ &gt; MM® (古 ® @ Utim 拉 m Over critical current IPW (1SS, but when the output current Ci is low, the estimated current iestimate m iPcross is referred to as mi μμ stomach 3 it 〇 # According to 6C and Figure 7C. During the ON state of NMOS, if the estimated current Iestimate is higher than the lower critical current IPe_, but when the output signal di of the current detection device 4 2 is low, the estimated current Iestimate immediately rises to match Ιρππ. Refer to Section 6D And figure 70, if the estimated H current iNcross, m ii aw ^ d! Stomach af, Iestimate will remain in INen) SS until the output signal di decreases. The first shows the presumption of the estimated current Iestimate, please read first Note on the back% Fill in this page Printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs This paper is printed in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 4 5 1115 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (Cen) Chapter 1 Table PM0S conduction state ^ estimate &gt; Ipcross C 1 high 〇 &lt; borrow ΔΙυρ step-up C 1 low ^ ^ ^ estimate ^ Across ^ estimate <I Process c 1 high increase ^ estimate to ^ Process ci low borrow △ Iup step-up Ies Ultimate NM0S on-state T Aestimate &gt; Ipcross di high borrow △ Idcjwn descending Intimate d! low decrease Intimate to Iffcross ^ estimate, &lt; Ipcross dl high keep Intimate at IweiOM di low borrow △ Id_ descending iestimate -------- ----- Install i I &lt; Please read the notes on the back &amp; fill out this page) Order: -line; Digital Control Lotus algorithm printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is printed in Μ 0 S and Ν The signal sent by the current detector can be omitted in one or more clock cycles after switching between the on-states of the M 0 S, preventing false multiples from accidentally adjusting the estimated current. The delay time △ T &amp; b caused by the switching time used by the trip comparator and the propagation time required for the signal to move along the output line 44 c or 44 d may be taken into account when determining the estimated current. For example, if the output signal Ci goes from low to 2 6-this paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 45 彳 彳 彳 5 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (X) switches to high When the international correction estimated current Iestimate is added, the correction factor ATdeky X AIUP x fswltch is added to the estimated current, which represents the actual current when the main controller receives a change in the output signal ci. Similarly,

If the estimated current Iestimate is corrected when the output signal di is switched from high to low, then the correction is subtracted from the estimated current! X AIdown. X fswitch. Alternatively, the critical current IPe „ss can be reduced by a correction factor X Iup X fswitch, and the critical current In« ms can be increased by a correction factor X AIdown X fswitch (while maintaining the IPcross and l! Toc used in Table 1) SS original Value), both can get the same effect. Referring to FIG. 8, the required voltage Vdesired is selected at step 104 to improve the output voltage ν. The voltage tolerance Δvn is held at the nominal voltage vn &lt;) m. Within the range of (m). The effect of load change on output voltage is indicated by dotted line 80. Specifically, when the load suddenly increases, current flows from capacitor 36 to load 14, thereby increasing the output voltage V; ut. Conversely, When the load of the switching regulator drops suddenly, the charge accumulates on the capacitor 36, which increases the output voltage V. ^. This causes the output voltage VTOt to exceed the allowable voltage, such as overvoltage. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ------------ V installation --- (please read the precautions on the back # ·· Fill in this page first) The main controller 18 selects the required voltage Vdesired 俾 Increase or eliminate overvoltage ⑵ The load is minimal when switching the conditioner The load can increase, so the output voltage can only decrease. On the contrary, when the load on the switching regulator is the maximum, the load can only decrease, so the output voltage can only increase. When the load is low, the required voltage Vdesircd can be set slightly髙 Nominal voltage Vn (jm〇 when the load is high, the required voltage vdesired &quot; 2 7 _ This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) 451115 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention β) (Please read the * intentions on the back before filling this page) You can set the value slightly lower than the nominal voltage ^. As shown by the solid line 82, this technology reduces the overvoltage △ ναπα, and then improves the output voltage \ ^^ maintenance Probability within the required voltage tolerance range of the nominal voltage V. Therefore, for known loads, switching regulators can use smaller capacitors and maintain the same voltage tolerance. Required for the clock period n + 1 The voltage ^ de3ired [n + l] can be calculated as follows: Factory such as "» * / («+ |] = ten (;! (Factory |« »1 — + + Ci) (5) \ ^ mix) Itoad 傜 current through load 1 4 (calculated by Equation 8 below), Imax 傺 allowable current The maximum current of load 14, (^ and ^ are the feedback constants, and 傜 the allowable voltage change is a voltage tolerance, that is. For example, if the nominal voltage VnQm 傺 1.3 V and the voltage tolerance 傜 + /-6% Then Λν_ can be about 7 8 ΔVswing is about 1 Q ra ν, ci can be about 1. Q and c 2 can be about -Q. 9 3 7 5. Once the required voltage Vdesired is determined at step 1Q4, the total required current Ilt &ad; ad is determined at step 106. Specifically, the required current is set to maintain the output voltage on the output terminal 22 to the required voltage vdesired. All in all, assuming that the output voltage Vmt is equal to the required voltage, printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs

When Vdeaired, the total current flowing to the load through the electronic device should be equal to the current flowing through the load. ItetaI = Itoad. However, if the voltage is not equal to the required voltage Vdesired ', the current flowing through the switching regulator 10 can be adjusted to correct this voltage error. Therefore, the total required current 1_ can be expressed by the following formula-2 8-This paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 4 5… 5 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (π) l | « ul ~ [l »d + (6) Iadjust 傺 in the above formula is used to correct the adjustment factor of the circuit error. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page.) Referring to Figure 9, assuming that all capacitors connected to the output terminals are located in the auxiliary switching circuit, the load current Ibad is equal to the current flowing from each auxiliary switching circuit 16 The sum,

.V = (7) The output current of each auxiliary switching circuit 16 is pseudo-equal to the current flowing through the inductor 34, that is, the sugar switching circuit IsIave [i), and the current flowing into or out of the capacitor 36, that is, the capacitor current Ieap (i |

CiO = I, j »» t (i)-⑻ Therefore, in this configuration, the total current Itotal required can be expressed by the following formula

UN ~ &gt;: ^: ^ ee / l (0 ^ ajjyst (9) 1 1 The correct value of the auxiliary switching circuit current Islave (i) is unknown, but the total of the estimated currents of the auxiliary switching circuits can be used as an approximate value. In addition, the capacitor current IeapW is not known, and the capacitor in the attached switching circuit may be provided with one or more capacitors or replaced by one or more capacitors such as a bypass capacitor of the processor connected to the common line of the inductor 34 However, in general, if the output voltage is difficult to change, the current must flow into or out of the capacitor. It is printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

器 36。 36. Therefore, the total capacitor current Ieap (i &gt; can be expressed by AV

/ Cy &gt; = C △ Γ (10) The total capacitance of the capacitor with C image connected between the output terminal and ground in the above formula, △ T is the clock period, and Δν ^ the change of the output voltage during the clock period " Therefore, the total current Itotal can be roughly calculated by the following formula: 2 9-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 4 b ί π 5 V. Description of the invention (★) Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative A7 _Β7 = 7, V Μ Jimcn. (0 AT -C (Π) in the example shown in Figure 3 rst V〇ut [n] ~ * V〇ut [n-1] and the example shown in Figure 3A uses the sample and hold circuit 6 0 'to provide the voltage difference ▽ outin V〇ut [u-1] 0 adjustment The device current ^ adjust can be linearly proportional to the measured output voltage ν. ^ And the required voltage ^ desired. Therefore, the total required current [total can be calculated by the following formula: Atf / w * iu 1, ^ 0)- ΔΓ c + K (yulll ~ Vik.'incd) (»2) K in the above formula determines the adjustment Feedback constant of current Iadjust. At step 10 8, once the total required current is determined, the main controller 1 8 decides how many additional hurricane switching circuits should operate. The number of auxiliary switching circuits currently operating in a cycle can be calculated as 0 in the previous period. Generally »The number of auxiliary switching circuits in operation is proportional to the total current required. For example, if it exceeds 16 of each switching circuit The maximum average current is about 7 amps. I total operates an auxiliary switching circuit within 0 to 7 amps, and two auxiliary switching circuits operates within 7 to 14 amps. 'The number of switching circuits can be as shown in Table 2 (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Binding --------- The size of the paper is applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNSJA4 specification (210 X 297 mm)

fits A7 B7 L, description of the invention (4) Table 2

Number of Active Slaves for Clock Cycle N Total Current lt0llJ (amps) Number of Active Slaves for dock cycle SH 1 〇 &gt; I, mai 7 &gt; U4 14 &gt; Ι10, „&gt; 21 21iU &gt; 28 28 &gt; U 1 2 3 4 1 5 ^ 7 〇 &gt; ^ 6 &gt; Iroa ^ H 14 &gt;: Ilola, &gt; 21 21 ^ ,, 1 &gt; 28 1? 3 Ί 4 5 3 〇 &gt; Dagger 2: 6 Iioui 112 12 ^ &gt; 21 21 ^ &gt; 28 4 2S &gt; 1, «, 5 1 2 3 4 〇 &gt; Ιω〇ι &gt; 6 Itoiai h \ 2 ΐ2έ: ΙΜΜ1ΗΠ 18i: U &gt; 28 4 28 &gt; It0lii 5 1 2» J 5 〇 &gt; 1,0, .1 ^ \ 2 ^ &gt; ^ l8 &gt; Itoul &gt; 24 4 24 &gt; ΙΙίΛΛι 5 I 2 3___j Once the total lightning current Itatal and the number of auxiliary switching circuits required for the operation are determined on the up and down motion 110 After that, the required current IdMired of each auxiliary switching circuit can be calculated. Specifically, the required current 1desired can be simply calculated by dividing the total current itotal by the operating auxiliary switching circuit. Once the auxiliary operation of the cabinet is calculated After the desired current of the switching circuit is Idesired, the switching circuit of one auxiliary switching circuit can be controlled (step 112), so that the average current of the auxiliary switching circuit passing through the operation can be controlled. It is substantially equal to the required current Idesired, and the total current through the switching regulator 102 is substantially equal to Itotal. By this, the current flowing out of the switching regulator 10 matches the current flowing into the load 14, thereby maintaining the output voltage at the required voltage V,., The rest, that is, the hurricane switching circuit that does not operate, is cut off v desired, that is, both the PH0S transistor 3G and the UM0S transistor are turned on. There are various switching circuits with switching circuits that are used to control the operation. The control algorithm is such that the total current through the switching regulator is substantially equal to the total current of the box itotaJ β. In general, the control algorithm is selected to balance the following factors: 1) Make all the attached switching circuits -31- This paper size is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Please read the note on the back again., Fill in 11 pages and bind ik 5 Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 β Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (such as _) and switch to on or off at the same time, 2) Ensure that all auxiliary switching circuits operate at the required phase shift 俾 Reduce ripple to Small, 3) to maintain the average current is equal to the holding current at a voltage substantial constancy of a desired level, and 4) at the switching to the switching frequency. Referring to FIG. 10, for example, one of the auxiliary switching circuits that operates according to a predetermined selection pattern is selected as the reference auxiliary switching circuit (step 120). For example, a specific auxiliary switching circuit can be designated as the reference switching circuit or the auxiliary switching circuit can be designated as the reference auxiliary switching circuit in turn. As described below, the remaining auxiliary switching circuit, that is, the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit The behavior is not the behavior of the reference switching circuit. Refer to the attached switch. The switch can be selected when the regulator is connected to the power supply, or whenever the number of auxiliary switching circuits is changed. Once the reference auxiliary switching circuit is selected, the required phase offset of each non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is calculated (step 122). The required phase shift can be determined whenever the auxiliary switching circuit of the operation is changed. The non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is controlled to operate with the required phase shift. Calculate the two current limiting values of the reference attached switching circuit on each clock cycle, and also the current upper limit Iupp „and the current lower limit ^. Stomach (step 1 2 4). Finally, control the reference according to the reference attached switching circuit control algorithm The attached switching circuit (step 126) and the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit according to the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit control the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit (step 128). «» For some shifting sequences and steps, refer to the auxiliary switching circuit. And lower current limit values Iuppw and I1 (WOT for comparison and control, and non-reference auxiliary switching power &amp; vulgar roots required phase offset control. When ------------- install --- {Please read the precautions on the back # Fill this page first) --Line: -32 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 2 0 °, and the time delay is much ( 1), 0 (2) should be equal to 1/3 and 2 / 3. The auxiliary circuit is used to offset the current ripple of the switching circuit of the lotus to the switching circuit at least in part under the phase difference. Output current. Table 3 summarizes the delta offset required. G ί 5 A7 _B7_ V. Description of the Invention (Treatment) Of course, the sequence of steps shown in Figure 10 is just an example, and these steps can be performed in parallel. For example, for any specific clock cycle, the current limit value can be calculated before the phase offset is calculated. And if 葆 is calculated and stored in the current limit value and phase shift of the previous clock cycle, the calculation step can be performed after the control step. At step 122, for each non-reference auxiliary switching circuit, the control algorithm is Calculate the required phase delay between the time required for the PHOS and NMOS to start conducting between the representative and non-reference supplementary switching circuits, as shown in (i). For example, if the two supplementary switching circuits operate, their phases are different. 180 °, and the time delay should be equal to half of the switching period T, that is, iMi) = 1/2 T. If the three auxiliary switching circuits operate, their phases should differ by 1 switching period, each for a more constant phase Chapter 3 ----------- Installation --- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperatives

Desired phase offset Number of active slaves 1 2 3 4 5 Φ (0) [reference] 0 0 0 0 0 Φ (1) '/ ϊΤ 1/3 T WT 1/5 Τ Φ (2) 2/3 Τ' ΛΤ 2/5 Τ Φ (3)] /. Τ 3/5 Τ Φ (4) 4/5 Τ Calculate the upper and lower current limit of the reference auxiliary switching circuit on Poly 124-3 3-This paper size is applicable to China Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (A) The value of IuppCr and the average current through the reference switching circuit 16 is equal to the required current Idesin: d. Specifically, the upper and lower current limit values are calculated as follows: Iupti &lt; r 83 ^ d «fred + _ I *, ired% △ [0 The custom in the above formula refers to the bandwidth of the switching circuit. Bandwidth 傺 Genzhen The required switching frequency is set as follows: Δ / 〇 1 L + L ·) Xmitthn νZ) Printed by the employee co-operative cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The required switching frequency is selected to provide good dynamic response while maintaining sufficient power efficiency. In general, a high switching frequency reduces current ripple but reduces the efficiency of the switching regulator. Conversely, reducing the switching frequency will improve the power efficiency of the switching converter but increase the current ripple. "The switching frequency should be within the range of about 0.5 to 5.0MH, that is, about 1MHz. The bandwidth to provide the required switching frequency can be Calculated based on the nominal values of other measured values or other variables in Equation 14. A procedure and steps for the basic operation of the main controller 18 to control the reference auxiliary switching circuit will be described below with reference to FIGS. 11 to 12. As mentioned earlier, the main controller 18 calculates the estimated current Iestimate at step 102 (as a solid line) 70). The main controller calculates the upper current limit value Iupper (as shown by the solid line 72) and the lower current limit at step 122. Straight 1 lower (as shown by the solid line 7 4) ^ The digital control algorithm is 6 4 Estimated current of switching circuit 丄 e & timate and upper and lower current limit values iupper and -34 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -3) i) 11..install- ------- Order --------- line / ^ (please read the note on the back and fill in this page again), .Sun "ί Printed by Shelley Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of Ministry of Economic Affairs Ln ί 5 Α7 _____ Β7 ____ 5. Description of the Invention (Shirt) I1 () Wu to decide whether to switch the first and second transistors 3D and 32. Specifically, when the estimated current lestimate exceeds the upper current limit value [upper], the N M 0 S transistor 32 is turned off and the P M 0 S transistor 30 is turned on, thereby grounding the intermediate terminal 26. Conversely, when the estimated current Iestimate. Drops below the lower current limit value of 15. In the stomach, the NMOS transistor 32 is turned on and the PMOS transistor 32 is turned off, thereby connecting the intermediate terminal 26 to the input power source 12. Therefore, assuming that the estimated current legate correctly represents the current I8lave through the reference switching circuit, reference to the auxiliary switching circuit ^ lave (shown by dashed line 7 6) is the upper and lower limit values Iupper and • between the edge and the reference auxiliary The switching circuit current is approximately equal to the required current Lahd (shown by line 78) &lt; * On the switching regulator 10 'of the 1A_, when the estimated current exceeds the upper current limit Iupp „, the main controller 1 8 1 Then the pulse 49be pulse output on the state control line 44f is interpreted by the interpreter 48 on the crystal K to turn on the PMOS transistor 3 (the control line 44a shown in FIG. 13A drops) and the wide-closed NMOS transistor 32 On the contrary, when the estimated current Ie3timate drops below the current lower limit ItowCT. When the main controller 18 outputs a pulse 49a on the state control line 44e to make the NMOS transistor 32 on and the PM0S transistor 3Q off ( Control line 44a rises as shown in Fig. 13A). Upper and lower current limit values Iupper and ^. Stomach is used to control the switching circuit 24 to ensure that the average current flowing out of the participant's auxiliary switching circuit matches the required current. Idesired and electricity increase Upper and lower limits

Iupp «and. Have increased. Conversely, when the load decreases, W.d and the current upper and lower limit values IuppM and decrease. In addition -3 5 _ This paper size is in accordance with China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 male cage) -------- 1 — Loading --- (Please read the phonetic entry on the back before filling in this Page) .j ij · 451115 A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (outside), when the load is substantially constant, the bandwidth between the upper and lower limits Iupper and IlOTW △ 1. Set the switching circuit The switching frequency of 2 4 can be controlled by various control algorithms. The switching circuit that is very referenced to the auxiliary switching circuit is used to achieve the required current and phase offset. Refer to sections 14 and 15 (1), which is one of the 64 control algorithms. Procedures and steps Second, very refer to the auxiliary switching circuit. It is controlled according to one of the transistors in the reference auxiliary switching circuit. Limit the current value and switching time. Β In short, the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is triggered by two events: The estimated current passes one of the limit values, and the timer * of the timer started when the reference switching circuit is switched due to other limit values is up. Specifically, when the reference to the switching circuit of the supplement is estimated When the current Iestimate exceeds the upper limit of the current (calculated by Equation 12 for the reference attached switching circuit), the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit starts its NMOS conduction state, that is, the NMOS transistor 3Q is turned on and the NMOS transistor 32 is turned off. Β digital control The lotus algorithm also includes one or more phase offset timers. The phase offset timer is used to trigger the PHGS on state of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit. Specifically, when the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit starts its PMOS on state The timer is started. For each clock cycle, the phase offset time of the timer and a non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is compared (U. When the phase offset time associated with a specific non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is 0 ( i) At that time, with reference to the auxiliary switching mold circuit, the PMOS conduction state will be started, that is, the OOS transistor 3 2 is turned on and the P MOS transistor 30 is turned off. Therefore, the phase shift 0 1) is determined to be in the NMOS conduction state Delay between the reference and non-participant auxiliary switching circuit after startup. Of course, it can reverse trigger the system and become a non-reference auxiliary cut -36- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) ....... Order 4: MJ- This paper size applies to the national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) Printed by the Consumers ’Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention ( V) When the switching circuit drops below the lower limit of the current, the PMGS conducting state is generated, and when the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit starts its NMOS conducting state, the timer is started. Refer to Figures 16 and 17 and In the second procedure and step of the digital control algorithm, the upper and lower limits of the current of each non-reference attached switching circuit are calculated ^ Iupp, r (i) &amp; Ilower (i). The Έ ± lower limit value is selected so that the average current of the 5 ## reference auxiliary switching circuit 16 is equal to the required current Idesired. Since each auxiliary switching circuit has its current limit value, the bandwidth of the auxiliary switching circuit controls the switching frequency of the auxiliary switching circuit. Specifically, the switching period T can be calculated from the following formula:

In order to adjust the phase difference between the reference and non-reference auxiliary switching circuits, the bandwidth All of the very reference auxiliary switching circuits is adjusted to change its switching rate. This reduces or speeds up the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit relative to the reference auxiliary switching circuit, thereby changing the time difference between the on-state of the PMOS and the NMOS. Once the required phase difference is reached, adjust the bandwidth of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit again to match the switching frequencies of the two auxiliary switching circuits. To adjust the bandwidth of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit, the digital control algorithm 64 measures the actual time delays TN and TP between the two auxiliary switching circuits starting the ON state of NMOS and PM0S. Next, setting 頬 寛 Λΐι equals the required bandwidth plus a feedback term. This feedback term is pseudo proportional to the error or difference between the required and actual time delay. For example, the bandwidth ΛΙ1 can be calculated by the following formula: ΔΙ,-ΔΙ0 + Κ, [Φ (ί) -ΤΝ] + Κ3 [Φ (ί) · ΤΡ] (16) -3 7-This paper standard is applicable to Chinese national standard ; CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

ϊί i 4 Do &quot; 1 5 Α7 _____ Β7 V. Description of the invention (station) The feedback error constants of Kι and K2 ^ in the above formula, and Alo is calculated as the bandwidth of Equation 13. Then, calculate the upper and lower current limit values Iupper (i) and: β wo + wo -1 * ^ (〇- Upper and lower current limit values Iupper (i) and .11 (} stomach (i &gt; 傺) Trigger non-parameters # 1 and 2 transistor 3fl and 32 of the switching circuit. Specifically, when the estimated current Iestimate (i) exceeds the upper current limit value upper (i), P M 0 S transistor 3 0 is on and NM 0 S 3 2 is off. Conversely, when the estimated current (i) drops below the lower current limit ^. When the stomach (i), the NMOS transistor 32 is turned on and the PMOS transistor 30 is turned on When β is closed, it is assumed that when the estimated current Ie3tiraate U) correctly represents the current Islave (i) passing through the auxiliary switching circuit, the auxiliary switching circuit current I # (i) is between the upper and lower current limit values Iupper (i) and IWr (i) inter-oscillation β. Therefore, the average current through the auxiliary switching circuit is approximately equal to Idesired (i), and the total current through the switching regulator is approximately equal to the required total current Itotal.平均 The average output current of the switching circuit is matched to the load β. Algorithm 6 4 calculates the “phantom current” of each non-participant auxiliary switching circuit 1 6. This phantom current (U stands for a known current-limit value and the required phase shift down, passes through the additional switching circuit The required current β per non-referenced attached switching circuit is compared by comparing the estimated current Ie $ tiraate ighost (i) of each non-referenced attached switching circuit. The wave κ ghost current can be calculated in the same way as the estimated current: In _ 3 8-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (read the notes on the back and fill in this page) 7 ------- Printed by the Consumers Cooperative of% Hui Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5 A7 __B7. Explanation of the invention (outside) During the PMOS on-state, the ghost current is borrowed by $ for each clock cycle Δΐϋρ_8_ step up (Shown by the solid line 84 in FIG. 22), and during the on-state, the ghost current I (i) is decremented by the descent value △ d ^ gh # every 01 cycles. However, if the ghost current I (i ) When the current upper limit Iupper is exceeded, the ghost current is set equal to the current upper limit ▲ upper Similarly, such as When ghost current economic portion wise property Office employee consumer cooperatives PRINTED 1 production (i) falls to limit 11 (1 stomach lower than current, phantom current shell ϋ set temperature equal to current limit ileww. The ghost conduction state is triggered by referring to the switching of the auxiliary switching circuit and the required phase shift (see Figures 20 and 21). In other words, after the ghost image is switched to the PMOS conduction state by referring to the attached switching circuit, the circuit is switched to the ghost image PM0S conduction state with the required phase shift (i). Similarly, the ghost image is switched to the ghost image NMOS on-state at the phase shift (i) after the auxiliary switching circuit of the participant is switched to the NMOS conduction state. As mentioned above, the switching pseudo of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is compared with the estimated current Iestimate (i) of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit (shown in solid line 86 in Fig. 23 and the ghost current of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit (such as 23_ (shown by dashed line 8 4)). Specifically, if the non-referenced Fujitsu switching circuit is in the PHOS on state, the ghost is in the NM0S on state, and if the estimated current Iestiniate (i) exceeds the ghost, When the current I d &gt;, the Fu Luo switching circuit is switched to the N Η 0 S conduction state. Similarly, if the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is in the N M 0 S conduction state, the ghost is in the NM 0S conduction state, and If the estimated current Iestimate (i) drops below the ghost current (i), the auxiliary switching circuit will switch to -39- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ·! — ------- (Please read the note on the back # / Fill this page first) 言 ί 5 Τδι Α7 _Β7_ V. Description of the invention (say) PMOS conduction state. In other words, if the attached switching circuit switches the estimated current When the ghost current is crossed, the two currents have On the contrary, the slope. In this way, the switching circuit strip with silver switches efficiently with the ghost current. In addition, if the ghost shadow is in the PMOS conduction state and the estimated current Iestimate (i) exceeds the ghost current-current offset value I, it is not a reference. The auxiliary switching circuit is switched to the N0S conducting state, and if the ghost system is in the SH0S conducting state and the estimated current (i) exceeds the ghost current IundCT (i) a current offset value I, the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is switched to NM0S ON state, and if the ghost is in the NMOS state and the estimated current lestoate U) drops below the ghost current-current offset value IundCT, the non-reference attached switching circuit switches to the PM0S state. This ensures that the ghost current can be quickly changed and the current of the switching circuit can follow the ghost current. With reference to Figures 24 to 27, in the fourth procedure and step, the digital control algorithm 64 calculates the "phantom" current of the reference auxiliary switching circuit and the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit, and the reference auxiliary switching circuit and the non-reference auxiliary switching The two circuits are controlled by comparing the estimated current Iestimate (i) with the ghost current WW. Referring to Figure 25, the digital control algorithm 64 generates a switching frequency with a switching frequency approximately equal to the required switching frequency, such as 1MHz, and expensive The duty cycle D is approximately equal to the required duty cycle: for example, the clock signal 9 of m can be fixed according to the nominal value of νώ and Vut. 90 clock signals are used to control the ghost conduction state of each ghost. Specifically, the clock signal can be generated for the auxiliary switching circuit of each action. Each clock signal is -4 0-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read first Note on the back, please fill in this page again.) ------ Order --- 111— — — ^ vly— Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperatives 45] 5 Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumption Printed by the company Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (Pan) 傜 borrow the required phase offset Pbi (i) offset. If the clock signal associated with the auxiliary switching circuit is 90 髙, the ghost is in the on state of the ghost PHOS, When the clock signal 90 associated with the auxiliary switching circuit is low, the ghost image is in the ghost NHOS on state. For example, if three auxiliary switching circuits are operating, the reference signal is switched to the PH0S conducting state after the reference auxiliary circuit is switched on. With phase shift (PhUi), the third ghost image is switched after the second ghost period. It is switched after 1/3 of the period and after the first ghost period is switched by 2/3. Figures 26 and 26 clearly show that the ghost current is calculated in the same way as the calculator of the ghost current discussed with reference to 3rd procedure and step and 18th: During the ghost PHOS on-state, the ghost image per clock cycle The current U3t (U (shown by the solid line 92 on the 26th floor)) is progressively increased, and during the on-state of the ghost HMDS, the ghost current Igh〇st is delivered to the buffalo with a decreasing value during each clock cycle. However, if the ghost current (i) exceeds the upper current limit Iupper, the ghost current is It must be equal to the current upper limit value IuppCT. Similarly, if the ghost current Igh0st (i) drops below the current lower limit value ^. The stomach ghost current is set equal to the current lower limit value It () WCT. Figures 24 and 27. As mentioned above, the switching of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is by comparing the estimated current Iestimate U of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit (shown by the solid line 94) with the ghost current of the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit. (i) (shown as dashed line 92) and is controlled, specifically, if the non-reference attached ® switching circuit 虚 is in the NM0S on state when the PM0S is on, if the estimated current Iestimate (i) exceeds the virtual current At IghD3t (i), the auxiliary switching circuit is switched to the N M 0 S conducting state. Similarly, if '-41- this paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) -----------?-Packing -------- order --------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this k)

Is A7 __B7 Description of the Invention (The non-reference attached switching circuit is in the NMOS conduction state, and the ghost switch is in the PM0s conduction state and the estimated current Iestimate (i) drops below the ghost current Ighostfi). Switch to PM0S on state. In other words, if the auxiliary switching circuit switches the estimated current over the ghost current, the two currents have opposite slopes. In this way, the auxiliary switching circuit 随 efficiently follows the ghost current. In addition, if the estimated current Iestimate (1) exceeds the current upper limit value Iupper, the non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is switched to the MO S conducting state, or if the estimated current Iestimate (i) drops below the lower current limit value Ibww The non-reference auxiliary switching circuit is switched to the PM0S current state β. To avoid the reduction of efficiency caused by excessive switching, the ghosting and decrementing values of △ lup.ghoet and △ Idmvn.ghesst can be artificially estimated that the current is lower than the increasing And decreasing values ΛΙυρ and / \ Id (Wn, for example, about 20 to 25%. Alternatively, the ghost current can be allowed to exceed or fall below the upper and lower limits of the current Lpper and 1 ^^ with some pre-set tolerance. Symbol of Description 10 ... Switching regulator 12 ... Power supply 14 ... Load 16 ... Supplied switching circuit 1 8 ... Main controller 20 ... input terminal 22 ... output terminal 24 ... switching circuit-42- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) -------- Order-!--Ministry of Economic Affairs. Printed by the Ministry of Economy Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau employee consumer cooperative 45? Ί 丨 g ° A7 _B7 V. Description of the invention (^ /) 2 6 ...... Middle terminal 28 ... Output filter 30 ..... 1st transistor 32 ... 1st transistor 34 ... inductor 36 ... capacitor 4 0, 4 2 ... current detector 52 ... .. reference transistor 54 ... current source 56 ... comparator '60 ... sample and hold circuit 62 ... analog / digital converter 64 ... .... Digital control algorithm 68 ... Digital / analog converter This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page)

Claims (1)

"Π ί5 Α8 Β8 C8 D8 VI. Application for patent scope 1. A type of operation, with input terminals connected to the input terminals and output terminals connected to the load; and plural numbers for alternately connecting and disconnecting the input terminals and output terminals The method of the voltage regulator of the switching circuit includes the following steps: a) Calculate the estimated current of each switching circuit, where each “estimated current” represents the current of the inductor associated with the switching circuit; b) calculating the voltage on the maintenance output terminal The output voltage is substantially constant, and the total output current through the electric generator is required; c) The switching circuit is controlled based on the estimated current and the required total output current so that the total current through the inductor is approximately equal to the required total output current. The method of applying for the scope of the first item of the patent, wherein the steps (a) to (c) are repeated. 3. The method of applying for the scope of the first item of the patent, wherein the clock frequency f elQC; k is repeated U) to (c), The clock frequency feUx: k is much faster than the required switching frequency f swit (3h of the switching circuit. 4. For the method of the first item in the scope of patent application, where the total output current required includes the determination Determine the total current through the switching circuit and determine the capacitive current flowing in and out of the capacitor connected to the output terminal. -------- ^ 装-\.-(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page 〕 Order the printed electricity flowing through the consumer cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The electric current will flow through the electricity exchange. The capacity of the electricity, the electricity, the electricity, the electricity, the electricity, the capacity, the capacity, the capacity, the capacity, etc. * ^, &gt; France, France, Electricity. Fang Zhi's transformation of each item 4 total 4 of 6 plus first pressure: enclosing the electricity, enclosing the fan, enclosing the fan, exchanging the fan, seeking profit, fluent, and profit-sharing. Please always test the application of Fang Shen's application as follows: * * This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 54 5 ABCD patent application scope U, M * C ΔΚ ΔΓ The total capacitance of the capacitor connected from C 傺 to the output terminal in the above formula, △ v 〇ut refers to the change of the output voltage in the clock cycle and the period of your clock cycle. Due to the misadjustment of the electrical calculation of the current regulating station The item of the school of the French founder was used in item 4 in the final decision of 0 °, including Fan Li Baoli, and the special request for the application should be submitted to Shendian, such as 8 9; Er Xiao 151 Fan 8S pressure] 1 Zhuan Er @ 输 C Electricity applied to D Ding—J CL · For example. 旣 High current electricity should include low current electricity while piezo electricity is fixed. W33 must be included . Party 0 ^ 之 霄 1W. Item 3 requires 1 Ϊ 第 ^ @ ο 目 目 范 则 ㊉'s on-time and punctual 31 electric application for commutation. ¾ Cut the electric switch for the rib mm in its method 1X 1 Fan Li specially asked to apply for the example of the upper body with a large number of currents. In short, electricity needs to be a legal item in the old basis of a ^ τητη 2 τ-Η Fan Li specially asked Φ (Please read first Note on the back, please fill out this page again.) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by the consumer cooperative, attached to 屣 流 9Π for the newly calculated current electricity demand and the number of parks.専 Please call Φ2 2X in the attached method. The change should be avoided or avoided. The fixed number of items, the number of items, the number of items, and the switching of electricity. 3M3. Each item is included in the calculation, including the legal item IX. Fan Li special please. If you wait, and in general, you need a separate current. Power output and output 0 The power of this paper is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 × 297 mm) 4 5 | 1 5 A8 B8 C8 D8 6. Total output current required for patent application scope (please first (Please read the notes on the back and fill in this page) 16. If the method of the scope of patent application No. 15 is used, the required current of each switching circuit is approximately equal to the required total current divided by the number of switching circuits β 17 . For the method of the scope of application for patent No. 15, in which the required current of each non-operating auxiliary switching circuit is approximately zero. 18. If the method of the scope of patent application, the method of calculating the required current includes determining the required voltage within the voltage tolerance range of the nominal voltage. 19. If the method of the scope of patent application, the method of determining The required voltage includes setting the required voltage when the current is close to the maximum current, and setting the required voltage below the nominal voltage when the current is close to zero. 20. The method according to item 18 of the patent application scope, wherein determining the required voltage includes adjusting the required voltage by borrowing a ratio proportional to the difference between the current voltage and the required voltage at the previous clock cycle. 21. For the method of applying for the scope of patent No. 20, in which the required voltage v of the clock period η + 1 is determined by the following formula: printed by the consumer property cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (L Shenkun + Q) (Bu 2b (5 ) \ J The nominal voltage of the Vnom bar in the above formula, V degifed ί ＊ the required voltage at the pseudo clock period η, I proud the current through the load, I max 傜 the maximum current allowed through the load, Δ Vswing custom allow The voltage changes within the voltage tolerance range, and c1 * c2 傜 feedback constant. 22. — A type of input terminal connected to the input current and connected to the load-4 6-This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (2 丨 OX297mm) 5 ABCD VI. Patent Application Scope Intellectual Property Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Employees, Consumer Cooperatives, Printed Terminals, Device-Controlled Flow Control System. Switching includes calculation of the wave-controlled return current at the power station ^, sub-package calculation The filter number 'estimates the normal position ^ the normal difference of the normal end and the pre-constant number of the complex number _ square in the square; the child's complex energy, the quality of the U's output, the pressure between the end of the work Production and demand Introduction, the voltage flow institute _ Hengzi carries out the electricity transmission current and the electricity flowing downstream is negatively transmitted at the U mass end. Output: the output of the electrical outlet and the electrical output etc. The actual output to 12 streams including the combined transmission is evaluated Inductive transmission, transmission of about U, pressure transmission and connection to the second electric power, 2 land-covered DC; the current of the road number of pre-electricity, the total current of U, and the estimation of the electric power; Pre-inductive switching. The sum of the total M output terminal terminals of the Luenzi Substation and the whole body circuit breaker return switch and the _ input and output terminal voltage regulator; The output of the total current transformer 11 is switched to the output voltage-sensing circuit, which is used to detect and switch the power to the exposed inductor. The output and output of the EG electrical control terminal are from the current switch. Number of pass-through converters Electricity Pre-pass S1 per cut dimension Outflow current Sub-flow 1 Sub-number cut wave complex number and calculated by the calculator According to ξ transmission and power cut: 12 The end of the table should be used for filtering Regeneration and reconciliation of the sense of the root cause the intermediary to succeed in the first generation) ¾Μ) M connection; i) Table i) Electricity b) every C) number d) device generation '1 over No. 11 俥 列 列 列 列 子 子 子 子,.. 逋 逋..... 流 流 流 流 流 流 流 流 流 流 流 请 流 请 请 (请 请 请 请 请 请 请 (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page): Install · ·-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 15 patent application scope A8 B8 C8 D8 difference., I current voltage capacitor output power transmission capacity of the 2nd device and 1st power supply of the first and the lowest voltage., Out The current needs to be charged into the institute, and the current flow is calculated based on the calibration meter, and the sum of the current capacitors is calculated. The current and current of the power plant are adjusted and the electrical equipment is adjusted and adjusted. According to the basic calculation, the output is negative to the terminal output and the current input to the terminal input. There are II types. The sub-terminal output and sub-terminal input and output are connected to the ground break signal control; the number of channels should be changed to the main output terminal (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). The number of the test generation and detection of the generation of electricity; the number of feedback filters of the transmitter is 1; the output of the power transmission C β is the number of the feedback signal of the road electrical body. The piezo output table is used to generate and produce; the output number of the device is controlled based on the output number of the control device. Printed by the Consumer Property Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. J VEI n Constant j Interstitial Low S ^ M Pressed Electricity. ¾] The regular level of the road is switched and its device is adjusted by the piezoelectric Item 4 2 Perimeter flow Integral ground terminal output and ground break Φ If you want to measure Fan A3, please test the detection and control of the current generation system and the device wave system filter, the bit pressure of Ε β. 0 ϊ λΕ 2 false ^ Item fl, 4 Device 2 Upper device I slice 1 piece of crystal No. 1 in the number of circuit switching and the upper part of the number of crystal feedback digits adjust its piezoelectricity 4 2 No. Fan Li specializes in the field of electricity If it is over, whether it is a galvanic indication or not, this paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 45 &quot; 1 5 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. Patent Application Scope (Please read the notes on the back before filling in (This page) 28. For example, the voltage regulator in the scope of patent application No. 27, wherein the current tide detector generates a plurality of digital feedback signals, and the 毎 値 signal represents that the current exceeds a different critical current. 29. For example, the voltage regulator of claim 27, wherein the current detector generates a plurality of digital feedback signals, and the signal represents whether the current crosses different threshold currents. 30. For example, the voltage regulator in the scope of patent application No. 27, which further includes a fail-safe circuit for overriding the digital control signal and turning on the switching circuit when the current through the switching circuit exceeds the safety limit. The safety limit is greater than the threshold. Current. 31. For example, the voltage regulator of claim 30, wherein the fault protection circuit generates a second digital feedback signal to the digital controller if the current exceeds a safety limit. 32. The voltage regulator according to item 27 of the patent application range, wherein the switching circuit includes a first transistor for connecting the output terminal to the input terminal and a second transistor for connecting the output terminal to the ground. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 33. For example, the voltage regulator in the scope of patent application No. 32, where the current detector contains the first digital feedback letter generated on the first feedback line representing the passage of the first transistor No. 1 detector and No. 2 detector generated on the second digital feedback signal representing the second feedback line through the second transistor. 34. If the voltage regulator in the scope of application for item 33, the first and second feedback lines are pseudo-connected to the third feedback line, and the third feedback line is connected to a digital controller, the digital controller contains It is used to decide on the 3rd-49- Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm) applicable to this paper size. A8 Β8 C8 D8 VI. Scope of patent application (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The signal line on the feedback line represents the logic of the triode. 35. For example, the calendar adjuster in the scope of patent application No. 32, which also includes an interpreter provided on the attached switching circuit, the interpreter receives digital The signal is converted into a command for switching the first and second transistors. 3 6. The voltage regulator according to item 35 of the scope of patent application, wherein the digital control signal generated by the digital controller includes the first control signal on the first control line and the second control signal on the second control line. The interpreter The first control signal is converted into a command to turn on the first transistor and to turn off the second transistor, and the second control signal is converted to a command to turn off the first transistor and turn on the second transistor. 37. For example, the voltage regulator of the 36th scope of the patent application, wherein the digital control signal generated by the digital controller includes the third control signal on the third control line, and the interpreter converts the third control signal to turn on the first and Order of the second transistor. 38. For example, the voltage regulator of the 37th scope of the patent application, wherein if the second transistor 傜 is turned off and the current drops below zero, the interpreter will convert the third control multiple to turn on the first and second transistors. Command. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 39. If the voltage regulator in the scope of patent application No. 24, it also contains a status detector for generating a digital status multiplier indicating the status of the switching regulator, the status signal傺 Send to digital controller. 40. The voltage regulator according to item 24 of the patent application, wherein the attached switching circuit includes a command for receiving a digital control signal and converting it into a command for switching the circuit. A type of input terminal with connection to input current and connection to load -5 0-This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 45 \ ί 5 Λ8 Β8 C8 D8 Printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau's Consumer Cooperative Cooperatives:: Out ·, the flow of information is lost, the value of the credit is changed, the value of the U-end terminal is 0, and the value of the return is maintained. The potential energy Η sub-pass filter number bit energy i enter the upper digits to form the letter number of the G-terminal electrical terminal. ^ Out Exchange into pressure structure. The standard of Baolian University's benefits: the quasi-ground sub-channel and device M for transmission, transmission, and return of electricity and: the hurricane output, the sender method, and the end-of-line power collection system. Switching the control end and covering a ground DC. The electric control constant road transmission and switching position is always 1 λ, which includes the constant power of the over-current power supply of the constant-frequency lijf device at each break. Number quality λι replacement and replacement, the real device number is changed, the real 1 is adjusted with the table cut number in ^ Qilianlian Telecom, the big cut is attached to the loan letter, the U letter is adjusted, and the system is replaced with the digital letter. The piezo-electric output is attached with 1 λ adjustable pressure cut-off control; the terminal is connected to duplicate the electric power ^ The production of the transmission voltage between the electrical position of the output circuit is used to control the output of the u sub-controller. The attached number of electronic transmission is for the loss of the W terminal control; the letter B of the electronic measurement system should be replaced for the student and the number of seats to be exchanged for the detection and control of the student (the number of the terminal system should be mentioned)). Upper _ input end cut; flow position child W end control complex i) of li) i) device should be out of the piezo piezo piezo and number W output should be lost a) sub ili test b) production end Carry on filter By;. By the end of -a number of investigation in order to satisfy the input-output channel negative and the number of 23 (the back surface of the reading matter, please note Court then fill page) This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) 6. Apply for a patent to change the circuit; (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Provide a filter with output terminals that are generally DC output voltages; and a clock far from the switching frequency f required by the switching circuit The digital controller of lotus rotation at the frequency, the digital controller receives the first digital feedback signal derived from the output voltage on the output terminal and the second digital feedback signal derived from the current through the switching circuit for each clock cycle and generates A control signal that controls the switching circuit so that the output voltage is held at a substantially constant level. 44. For example, the voltage regulator of item 43 of the patent application scope further includes a current detector that generates a first digital feedback signal. 45. If the voltage conditioner of item 44 of the application scope is applied, it also includes a voltage detector that generates the second digital feedback number. 46. The voltage regulator according to item 45 of the patent application scope, wherein the voltage detector includes an analog-to-digital converter. 47. The voltage regulator according to item 46 of the patent application, wherein the voltage detector S includes a voltage sampler. Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 48. For example, the voltage regulator in the scope of patent application No. 45, in which the switching circuit, filter and current detector are faked on the first IC crystal circuit, and the digital controller and The voltage detector is fabricated on a second, different IC chip. 49. For example, the voltage regulator of the 45th scope of the patent application, wherein the switching circuit, the filter and the current detector are fabricated on the first 1C chip, and the voltage detector is fabricated on the second IC chip. And the digital controller-controller is made on the 笫 3 IC chip. -5 2-This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) ABICD VI. Application for patent scope 50. For example, the voltage regulator of the 43rd scope of patent application, where the first digit feedback signal 傺 represents The difference between the output voltage and the nominal voltage. 51. For example, the voltage regulator of the 43rd patent application range, wherein the first digit feedback signal 傺 represents the difference between the output voltage of the current clock cycle and the output voltage of the previous clock cycle. 52. For example, the voltage regulator of the 43rd scope of the patent application, wherein each clock cycle, the digital controller receives the third digital feedback signal derived from the output voltage on the output terminal. 53. For the voltage adjustment and regulator of item 52 of the scope of patent application, the first digital feedback signal is equal to the difference between the output voltage and the nominal voltage, and the third digital feedback signal is the output of the current clock cycle. The difference between the voltage and the output voltage of the previous clock cycle. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Count 1 × No. 1 of the device adjusts the piezoelectric item 3 4 No. Fan Li specially applies for the film Xu Jie 1 The control unit of the signal return device adjusts the piezoelectric device Item 3 4 Fan Li specially asked Shen Ru to participate in the piezo test to participate in the piezo output input acquisition and the sub-end output to the connection pseudo-sampler will be transferred to the number of bits to include the bh alternative device Number of control digits for system number-Changing the road for electricity transfer to the sample for the load-holding of the electricity. The protection of the road between the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the employee's consumer cooperative, printed the electric device, and the item of the whole piezoelectricity. 2 3 Fan Fan Ae- Li Zhuan, such as the piezoelectric ground connection of the piezoelectric test reference Bar pressure g & item 2 3 Fan Fan Li, please apply for pressure K Ι ^ ΟΓ to call your piezoelectric test The device adjusts the piezoelectric item 2 3 Fan Li specially asks for the period of the piezoelectric output and the period of the pulse. The paper size is first pressed to the Chinese standard (CNS) Α4 size (210 × 297 mm) 451 1 1 5 Αδ Β8 cs D8 patent application scope 59. For example, the voltage regulator of the 43rd patent application scope also includes a plurality of switching circuits that intermittently connect the input terminal and the output terminal. Each clock cycle digital controller receives each switching circuit The second digital feedback signal and the control signal of the switching circuit are generated. Each second digital feedback signal is derived from the current through the associated switching circuit. 60. — A method of transferring a voltage regulator having an input terminal connected to an input current and an output terminal connected to a load, including the following steps: intermittently connecting the input terminal and the output terminal by switching a honeycomb control signal; filtering the switching circuit; The output terminals provided by the output terminal are generally the DC output voltage; the clock frequency f elQC ^ is far higher than the required switching frequency of the switching circuit f switch r Mm m ^ mum; each clock cycle, the digital controller receives the Output on the output terminal (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page), printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by the Consumer Cooperatives, holding the Xuanlu Road, the electrical voltage II of the appliance, and changing the inductance Θ Steps out of U *, step by step through the input circuit; end-to-line power is underestimated by the DC between Xiao and Xiao; closing U includes pre-numbered connection; change the number of the signal from the power source to the envelope of the quality package ! 0 sturdy.卩 Liansheng method initial feedback control system No. air sub-site position control letter λι terminal device digital production ilA into the sub-device sense 1, digital production control h power transmission terminal phase 2 of the entire power plant will be adjusted After the week, the standard is ipm; the voltage control and output pulse control bit is output when the meter has a derivative. There is a constant derivative at the end of the meter. III.出 电 晚 _ of., The paper size of this filter applies the Chinese national standard (CNS &gt; A4 specification (2 丨 0X297 mm). 6. Apply for a patent. Adjust the initial estimated current according to the state of the switching circuit to generate a new estimate. Current; (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Decide the total output current through the inductor required to maintain the output voltage on the output terminal at a substantially constant level; and based on the estimated current and the required total The output current controls the switching circuit so that the total current through the inductor is approximately equal to the required total output current. "62. For the method of the 61st patent application, the switching circuit includes a circuit for intermittently connecting the input terminal to the intermediate terminal. First transistor and intermittent The second transistor with the intermediate terminal grounded. 63. The method of item 62 in the scope of patent application, wherein the adjustment step includes adding the incremental current to the initial estimated current if the first transistor is turned off. The method of item 2 of the patent scope, wherein the adjustment step includes subtracting the current reduction from the initial estimated current when the second transistor is closed. Δ5. The method of item 61 of the patent application, wherein the circuit is switched Contains the first transistor that intermittently connects the input terminal to the intermediate terminal and the diode that intermittently grounds the intermediate terminal. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 66. If the method of applying for the scope of patent 61, The storage and trimming steps are performed like a clock cycle. 67. For the method in the 66th scope of the patent application, the clock frequency is much faster than the required switching frequency of the switching circuit. The method of item 66, in which the step of adjusting includes adding an increment to the initial stage of the initial stage if the intermediate terminal is connected to the input terminal. 5-This paper is in accordance with the Chinese standard (CNS &gt; Α4 specification (210X297 mm) 54 5 ABCD VI. Estimated current for patent application scope, and if the intermediate terminal is grounded, subtract the decrement current from the initial estimated current. 69. For the method of patent application scope item 68, Among them, the incremental current 傜 is selected according to the input voltage on the input terminal, the inductance of the capacitor provided between the switching circuit and the output terminal, and the clock frequency. The current is calculated by (v in-v out) / L xf clock. In the formula, the input voltage represents the input voltage, the output voltage, and the L series (representing inductance and felc) ek series represents the clock frequency. 71. The method according to item 68 of the scope of patent application, wherein the increment is selected according to the output voltage on the output terminal, the inductance of the inductor placed between the intermediate terminal and the output terminal, and the clock frequency. 72. For example, the method of item 专利 of the patent application, in which the star reduction is calculated by Vc »ut: / LX f el〇ck, where V in the formula such as VII represents the output voltage, L ， represents the inductance and f elc) ek傺 stands for clock frequency. 73. In the method of applying for item 68 of the patent scope, the increment and decrement are based on the nominal value. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page} The legal method of reducing and increasing the number of items is 8 6 The application of the law is to apply for the application of the State Council's Application for Printing and Adjustment by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Fang Zhixiang 1 × 6 Fan Fan Li Li Table represents the production of the electric circuit including 0 in the package and the letter of credit. The current exchange is estimated to pass the Zhengtong school number and the receipt of the fan Fan Li Li Please Ψ If you want to adjust the steps aa- and storage frequently, the steps are frequently corrected in the high paper to the Chinese paper standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) 5 4 ABCD 6 3. If you want to apply for a patent scope, please follow the steps of 3T- Reconcile the legal items in storage. 6 7 Fan Lizhuan is working on the steps and the 17 J.J1 is in compliance with the previous week. The last period is in the middle of the pulse of the Zhou dynasty.) The medium fruit letter is included in the rebate «^« Item of Jie 2Sr ® Item 1 every 8 6 7mi 帛 围 罾 围 范 ¾ιδ ί is a special 1 ··; special youth 1 砉, g Ji i Shen Shen II M Electricity underestimated the current pre-electricity so that Jihui will actually flow out the electric number and increase the number of credits plus grant back the fruits. If the time is right, the inbound power transmission to Jieliu will be connected to the power line. The entry into the super power network is in the electricity industry. The legal method is an equivalent to the pre-holding of the electricity market. 7 7 Fan Li specially requested to apply for inclusion in the sub-terminal. (Please read the precautions on the back first. (Fill in this page) The time and place will reduce the amount of electricity and reduce the electricity to 0. It is near the high-level letter. The real-time electricity out of bound refers to the return of the electricity and power. The current is maintained when the current time flows. If the circuit is changed, if the item is included in the method, the fan will return the current 3y -KB. If you estimate and predict, set the time to the current time. Lin Dian Yu Jie Xiao Lin Liu Yu Dian overestimated current pre-electric fruit. When the electricity is delivered accurately, it refers to the number of the closed letter, the customs clearance letter, and the letter of the French party. 8 The scope of the request is Φ. Please refer to the example. When the ground-connected large-current power estimation is expected, the current power 0W1 will be awarded and the current-power estimation community will be in the low-current power when the current-power estimation is set. Out-of-bounds actual electricity refers to the internal term f 8 孭 6 of the letter f and other methods, such as fch Λ S ^ ^ S ^ 0 0 彳 彳 专 专 专 申生 申生申. In addition, it needs to change the control to the transmitter from time to time, and send back the response letter from i to 5 and the time delay. The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297). ) A8 B8 CS D8 6. The propagation time required by the controller of the patent-pending range switching circuit, adjust the estimated current. (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) 84. For the method of item 68 of the scope of patent application, 傜 adjust according to the increment value, clock cycle and switching frequency. 85. For the method in the 68th scope of the patent application, 傜 performs adjustment according to the decrement value, the clock cycle and the switching frequency. S6. — A method for estimating the current through an electric device in a voltage regulator, the voltage regulator includes a switching circuit for intermittently connecting an input terminal to an output terminal, and includes: Estimate the current; and adjust the initial estimated current according to the state of the switching circuit to generate a new estimated current. 87 · —A method of estimating the current through the inductor in the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator includes a switching circuit that intermittently connects the output terminal to the input terminal, including: storing the initial estimate of the current flowing through the inductor Current; if the output terminal is connected to the input terminal, increase the amount of current in the initial estimated current; and printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. If the output terminal is grounded, subtract the decrement current from the initial estimated current. 88. —A voltage regulator having an input terminal connected to an input power source and an output terminal connected to a load, including: a) a switching circuit that intermittently connects the input terminal and the output terminal in response to a control signal; Filter for DC output voltage; -5 8-This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) 45Π15 A8 B8 CS D8 patent application scope c) Digital controller, which performs the following functions: i ) Storage represents the initial estimated current flowing through the inductor, ii) adjusts the initial estimated current according to the state of the switching circuit to generate a new estimated current, iii) decides that the inductor needs to pass through the inductor to maintain the output voltage at a constant level The total output current, and iv) generates a control signal for the control switching circuit based on the adjusted estimated current and the required total output current to hold the output voltage at a substantially constant level. '89.—The lotus root has an input terminal connected to the input power source, an output terminal connected to the load, and at least one switching method for intermittently connecting the input terminal and the output terminal, including the following steps: Deciding at least one The estimated current of each switching circuit. Each estimated current represents the current through the inductor in the associated switching circuit; (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page). The total output of the power transmitter is to calculate the current for the calculation of electricity consumption. The current is printed by the consumer co-operatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The level and constant mass are actually equal to the upper limit of the piezoelectricity and the equal value of the lower limit, and the input of the input of the sub-stream terminal at the low output to the lower connection is estimated to be used as a circuit to change the electricity. The time or value should be limited. The electric circuit of the convection circuit should be trimmed so that the voltage is adjusted to the upper limit of the time value. The current method exceeds the super IO term. 9 f is connected to β Μ ^ 0 ftH Project sf is a good one, it is U 0, and it is written by Yishenzi to the end. The paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) 54 5 ABCD Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 6. There are multiple switching circuits in the scope of patent application. 91_ If the method of applying for the scope of the patent application item 90, it further includes selecting one of the plurality of switching circuits as the reference circuit, and the remaining switching circuit as the non-reference circuit β 92. If the method of applying the scope of the patent application item 91, It also includes the required phase offset for each non-reference switching circuit. 93. For the method of applying for item 92 of the patent scope, wherein the reference circuit connects the input terminal and the output terminal when the estimated current drops below the current lower limit value, and the reference circuit when the estimated current exceeds the current upper limit value Ground the output terminal. 94. For the method of applying for the item 92 of the patent scope, it also includes calculating the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the complex number. Each non-reference circuit has a current upper limit value and a current lower limit value. 95. For the method of applying for item 94 of the patent scope, where each non-reference circuit is connected to the input terminal and the output terminal when the associated estimated current falls below the associated current lower limit value, and when the associated estimated current is When the associated upper current limit is exceeded, the output terminal is grounded. 96. The method according to item 95 of the patent application range, wherein the upper and lower limit values of the complex current are derived from the required switching frequency and the required phase offset. 97. The method according to item 95 of the scope of patent application further includes measuring the actual phase offset between the reference circuit and the non-reference circuit. 98. The method of claim 95, wherein the difference between the upper and lower limits of the current is adjusted based on the difference between the actual phase shift and the required phase shift. -60-This paper size adopts China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) -------- Ί Install -------- Order ------ &gt; (Please read the notes on the back and fill in this page again) 10. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 5 ABICD VI. Application for a patent scope 99. For the method of applying for the patent scope item 92, each of which is a “non-reference circuit” The reference circuit connects the input terminal and the output terminal, and then connects the input terminal and the output terminal with a required phase offset. 100. For the method in the 99th patent application range, where the output current of each non-reference circuit exceeds the associated upper current limit, the output terminal is grounded. 101. The method according to item 92 of the patent application, wherein each non-reference circuit and reference circuit ground the output terminal and connect the output terminal to ground with the required phase offset. 102. For the method of applying for item 1D1 in the scope of patent application, wherein each non-reference circuit is connected to the input terminal and the output terminal if the estimated current of Lanlian drops below the lower limit of the current of Lanlian. 103. —A method for operating a voltage regulator having an input terminal connected to an input power source, an output terminal connected to a load, and at least one switching circuit for intermittently connecting the input terminal and the output terminal, including the following steps: Decide at least One estimated current of each switching circuit, the estimated current represents the current passing through the switch associated with each switching circuit; it is calculated to pass the current required to maintain the output voltage on the output terminal at a substantially constant level. The total output current of the device; For one or more switching circuits, calculate the required current of each frame; For one or more switching circuits, compare the estimated current with each required current and cause the switching circuit to switch. The current is approximately equal to the required current》 -6 1-This paper size applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ABCD 々 、 Scope of patent application 104 . For example, the method of claim 103, wherein the voltage regulator includes a plurality of switching circuits. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) 105. If the method in the 104th scope of the patent application, the method also includes determining the required phase shift of each tilt switching circuit. 106. The method in the 105th patent application scope further includes determining the ghost state of at least one switching circuit. 107. For the method of claim 106, it also includes selecting one of a plurality of switching circuits as a reference circuit, and the remaining switching circuits as non-reference circuits. 108. The method according to item 1Q7 of the patent application scope, wherein the ghost state of each lanthanum non-reference circuit is determined. 109. If the method in the 107th patent application scope includes the calculation of the upper and lower limits of the current of the reference circuit. 110. For the method of applying for item 103 of the patent scope, it further includes urging the reference circuit to connect the input terminal to the output terminal when the estimated current falls below the current lower limit, and when the estimated current exceeds the current upper limit, Make the participant circuit ground the output terminal. Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 111. For the method of applying for item 11D of the patent scope, the ghost state of the non-reference circuit is derived from the state of the reference circuit and the required phase shift. 112. If you apply for the method of benefit range item 106, where the required current for one switching circuit is calculated. 113. The method of claim 112, in which the ghost state of each switching circuit is determined. &quot; 62 ™ This paper size applies to China National Standards (CNS) Α4 size (210 × 297 mm) 45 ί 15 A3 ^ Β8 C8 D8 VI. Application for patent scope 114. For the method of applying for the scope of patent No. 112, the switching circuit The phantom state is determined by the time period and the required dependent offset. 115. The method of item 106 in the scope of patent application, wherein the required current is determined to include the required current in the initial storage period and the initial required current is adjusted according to the ghost state of at least one switching circuit to generate a new required current. 116. For the method of applying for item 115 in the scope of patent application, wherein the initial required current adjustment includes if the ghost state indicates that the output terminal is connected to the input terminal, the incremental current is increased in the initial required current, and if the ghost state indicates the output terminal When grounding, the decrement current is subtracted from the initial estimated current. (Please read the notes on the back of the book before you fill out this page.) If you want to take the 10th test, you must go through the application of Shenyue Ruliu 7. The results of the electrical evaluation include the status of the law. The circuit change of the circuit of the shadow and the state of failure is to promote the M ^ term of the L side of the method to change 7 ¾ to cut 11 围 The first round is less than the fan to the special rule, please, ^ 1-time is as 8. Therefore, the current electricity needs to be estimated by the ultra-current electricity. If the package is included, the child will be switched out, and the electricity will be switched. This will promote the French party ’s project. Low-to-low current electricity estimates 1—Η 1 If you include Fan Baoli step by step, please change. 如 If you cut 9 road 1 &gt; -1 change the electric switch as little as 0, and promote the method M What is the limit value of terminal B? The first and the eleventh electrical terminals are surrounded by the low output and low profit to the special connection. Please apply the next if the current is estimated as 2 1i. When the current is included in the package, the current is estimated to exceed the ground. When the output is lost, the electrical end of the circuit is switched out and switched to one after the other. When the terminal is pushed in, the output value will be limited to the road. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 451 B A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. If the scope of the patent application is pre-contained, it contains the following items. 1-.s The legal method of the item 7 1 Fan Li specially invites the application to be settled. The current switch of the first road must be switched from one to as low as possible to the lowering of the current. When the current is lowered, the electricity is estimated to be set to connect to the first child event. If the second output is lost, the current road X will be switched. The super-low power consumption is estimated to make the pre-promotion result as usual. Xu Zirong's input is more than the negative terminal of the carrier to the output terminal. It is connected to the child terminal's input terminal and the input terminal of Jfll. As far as the connection is concerned, the rotor 1 1 end 2 output In the whole device, the piezo circuit is switched. The number of switching circuits is changed. The number of switching circuits is selected. The number of required switching circuits is to be determined. The lower line contains electricity. The current generation of electricity is estimated by the current generation of electricity. “Estimation of the electric connection of the circuit of the pre-fleece of the estimator is concerned with the current of electricity. The constant constant mass of the electricity is determined by the piezoelectric output. The output of the high-end sub-terminal is always connected to the ground, or the sub-terminal is connected to the ground, or the sub-terminal is connected to the total output to the required sub-station and the terminal is moved out of the bias position to the phase circuit. You need to change to 7 ~ -packing for geological promotion. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page ') * tT' Λ, the paper is produced by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economy Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm)