4 44 0 5 4 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -----B7__ 五、發吗說明（1.) 本發明係關於一種處理使用過的橡膠及塑膠之程序，其 將上述所使用過之橡膠及塑膠品經由真空熱解而得到部份 非凝結性易燃氣體、油、及含碳之固體殘餘物。 發明背景 處理使用過的橡膠及塑膠品，如車輛的輪胎、汽車絨毛 物(汽車經碎裂後衍生的塑膠及橡膠殘餘物），以及磨棄的衍 生性熬料(RDF，Refiise Derived Fuel)是一個重要的環境問 題。 以真空熱解橡膠及塑膠品碎片是現今最佳技術。例如美 國專利案No. 4,740,270號中描述一個真空熱解輪胎碎片的 製程，在此過程中輪胎碎片於具有傳統傳輸系統的多托盤式 反應槽内由上層托盤移動至下層托盤，再使之熱解β輪胎碎 片從上層托盤被轉至下層托盤的過程中伴隨著溫度梯度的 控制’溫度從200。(：至最高500°C，因此輪胎碎片可在往下 移動當中連續地被加溫。此種製程之目的在於得到高產率的 油而不是非凝結性氣體，為了達到此結果，該專利建議使用 小於35毫米汞柱(mm Hg)的低壓。習知之橡膠在達到200°C 以上會開始熱解，且在熱解之前會進行一個軟化的階段，軟 化中的輪胎碎片其黏滯性相當高，且容易附著在任何接觸到 之表面上而造成設備的堵塞。在前述的多托盤式反應槽中， 只要傳送速度、溫度梯度、以及熱傳導係數能夠保持固定， 則輪胎碎片會黏滞於當中一個位置，且絕大部分都在同一個 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填窝本頁) >裝 訂.. 線. 297公釐） -5- 經濟部智慧財產局貝工消费合作社印製 444054 A7 ___ B7______ 五、發明說明（2.) 托盤上。此時橡膠碎片可能因堵塞了一個托盤，而造成碎片 的傳送受阻以及被熱解所生的氣體困住，此時反應槽中產生 的過度壓力可能因而爆炸。再者，為了保持前述35毫米汞 柱(mmHg)的低壓，反應速率必需小心的控制，並且保持低 壓狀態，此表示物質將要停留在反應槽中較長的時間，所以 反應槽的體積必需夠大。再者，大的反應槽價格相對的也昂 貴，並且反應槽内的壓力需求愈低，所用的真空幫浦則需要 更大馬力，而價格也就愈昂貴。所有這些不利的特徵使得此 設備價格昂貴且危險。 本發明的目的係利用一種真空熱解方式處理使用過的 橡膠灰塑膠之程序來克服上述缺點，且該程序是安全、有效 率，且符合經濟效益的。 本發明之詳細說明 因此，本發明提供了 一種處理使用過的橡膠及塑膠之程 序，其將上述使用過之橡膠及塑膠品經由真空熱解，得到部 份非凝結性易燃氣髏、油、及含碳之固體殘餘物。在熱解之 前及進行中各包含了於反應槽中機械式地混合至少一部份 該含碳固體殘餘物和該橡膠及塑膠碎片的步驟。 此機械式的混合可確保成為一種均態固體困塊、從反應 槽壁快度熱傳導至固雔產物，以及降低反應所需的時間。含 碳固體殘餘物是一種會覆於塑膠碎片的微細粉末，因此在進 行軟化階段時，可以防止塑膠碎片黏滯於任何可接觸到的表 本紙張尺度適用中國a家櫟準（CNS>A4规格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -r Μδ· -線- 444054 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明（3·) 面。再者，含碳之固體殘餘物可提高熱能的傳導以及降低反 應所需之時間。含碳之固體殘餘物扮演一個緩衝熱能的角 色’並且消除溫度的差異，這對於使用批次生產的程序特別 有益。此製程是安全的。且其為有經濟效益的，因為其允許 使用較小體積的反應槽。其經由檢測此含碳固體殘餘物是否 有相反的催化效果’亦即是否會提高油熱解成非凝結性氣體 的轉換率。其被發現當含碳固體殘餘物吸附油時會呈現出相 當的中性’而與沒有摻入含碳固體殘餘物的程序相比，並未 發現油產率的下降。 典型而言’整個橡膠及塑膠碎片熱解的完成是以批次式 地，相繼將橡膠及塑膠碎片載入反應槽中，在每批次載入 時’分別在熱解前及熱解中以機械式混合部分前一批次熱解 所產生之含碳固體殘餘物。 較佳的方式為進一步地在熱解後只從反應槽中移除一 部份該含碳固體殘餘物。再者’可使熱解後被移除之該含碳 固體殘餘物的重量小於下一批次的含碳固體殘餘物，並且調 整至每批次熱解後所得之含碳固體殘餘物實質上為一固定 量。 較佳的橡膠及塑膠碎片和該含碳固體殘餘物的重量混 合比例為1比3/5至1/5。 較佳的橡膠及塑膠碎片尺寸為2x2英吋，或是更小， 係利用現今最佳之碎片機所提供的標準切片尺寸，在將橡膠 及塑膠品切碎時，.並不需要做細線及鋼絲的事先分離，如此 可避免花費昂貴的分離程序。細線可被轉換成石墨粉，並和 本紙張尺度遇用中國蹰家裸準（CNS>A4規袼（210 X 297公® ) -7- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) >裝 .. .線 444054 A7 ____B7___ 五、發明説明（4.〉 橡膠内所含之碳黑混合良好，而鋼絲則在熱解後可輕易地以 罐性分離器移除。 較佳反應槽壁的壓力應降至0·5至〇*9巴(bar)。 一種較有利的反應槽組構中，反應槽壁藉由電力或熱氣 從外部加熱，如此反應槽壁的溫度可達到450。C至550。C， 熱解溫度範圍則在350。C至450。C之間。 典型而言，此製程可產得50至55%的油、3至8%非可 凝結之可燃性氣體，以及剩餘之含碳固體殘餘物。該含碳固 體殘餘物係包括碳黑、熱解細線所得之石墨、氧化鋅、硫、 矽酸鹽、其它礦物質以及鋼絲條。產率的高低取決於被熱解 之物質的品質，而熱解後所得之產物的可能用途則決定於現 今回收的技術。 -- (請先閱讀背面之注意^項再填寫本頁) • J--訂- 經濟部智.¾財產局員工消費合作社印製 1¾. -紙 本 遑 率 家 一？ 公 2974 44 0 5 4 A7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ----- B7__ V. Is it issued (1.) The present invention relates to a process for treating used rubber and plastics. Used rubber and plastic products are subjected to vacuum pyrolysis to obtain non-condensable flammable gas, oil, and carbon-containing solid residues. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The treatment of used rubber and plastic products, such as vehicle tires, car fluff (plastic and rubber residues derived from car shattering), and worn-out derived fuel (RDF, Refiise Derived Fuel) are An important environmental issue. Vacuum pyrolysis of rubber and plastic fragments is the best technology available today. For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,740,270 describes a process for vacuum pyrolysis of tire fragments. In the process, tire fragments are moved from an upper tray to a lower tray in a multi-tray reaction tank with a conventional transfer system, and then pyrolyzed. Beta tire fragments were transferred from the upper tray to the lower tray with the control of the temperature gradient 'temperature from 200. (: Up to 500 ° C, so tire fragments can be continuously heated while moving down. The purpose of this process is to obtain high yield oil instead of non-condensable gas. In order to achieve this result, the patent recommends using Low pressure of less than 35 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). It is known that rubber will begin to pyrolyze when it reaches above 200 ° C, and it will undergo a softening stage before pyrolysis. The softened tire fragments have a high viscosity And it is easy to adhere to any contact surface and cause blockage of the equipment. In the aforementioned multi-tray type reaction tank, as long as the transfer speed, temperature gradient, and thermal conductivity can be kept fixed, tire fragments will stick to one of the positions , And most of them are in the same one (please read the notes on the back before filling in this page) > Binding .. Thread. 297 mm) -5- Printed by the Shelley Consumer Cooperative of Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 444054 A7 ___ B7______ 5. Description of the invention (2.) On the tray. At this time, the rubber fragments may block a tray, causing the fragment to be transported and trapped by the gas generated by pyrolysis. At this time, the excessive pressure generated in the reaction tank may explode. Furthermore, in order to maintain the aforementioned low pressure of 35 millimeters of mercury (mmHg), the reaction rate must be carefully controlled and maintained at a low pressure. This means that the substance will stay in the reaction tank for a long time, so the volume of the reaction tank must be large enough. . In addition, the large reaction tank is relatively expensive, and the lower the pressure demand in the reaction tank, the more vacuum pump used requires more horsepower, and the more expensive it is. All these disadvantageous features make this equipment expensive and dangerous. The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages by using a vacuum pyrolysis process for the used rubber gray plastic, and the process is safe, effective, and economical. Detailed description of the present invention Therefore, the present invention provides a process for treating used rubber and plastics. The used rubbers and plastics are subjected to vacuum pyrolysis to obtain non-condensable flammable flammable oil, oil, And carbon-containing solid residues. The steps of mechanically mixing at least a portion of the carbon-containing solid residue and the rubber and plastic fragments in the reaction tank before and during the pyrolysis each include. This mechanical mixing can ensure a homogeneous solid block, rapid heat transfer from the reaction tank wall to the solid product, and reduce the time required for the reaction. The carbon-containing solid residue is a fine powder that will cover the plastic fragments. Therefore, during the softening stage, the plastic fragments can be prevented from sticking to any accessible surface. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese oak family standard (CNS > A4 specification). (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) -r Μδ · -line- 444054 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. The description of the invention (3 ·). In addition, carbon-containing solid residues can increase the transfer of thermal energy and reduce the time required for the reaction. Carbon-containing solid residues play a role in buffering thermal energy and eliminate temperature differences, which is particularly beneficial for processes using batch production This process is safe. And it is economical because it allows the use of smaller reaction tanks. It checks whether this carbon-containing solid residue has the opposite catalytic effect, that is, whether it will increase the pyrolysis of the oil into non- Conversion rate of condensable gas. It was found to be quite neutral when carbonaceous solid residues adsorb oil, compared with the absence of carbonaceous solid residues. Compared with the procedure, no decrease in oil yield was found. Typically, the entire pyrolysis of the rubber and plastic fragments is completed in batches, and the rubber and plastic fragments are successively loaded into the reaction tank. The 'in-time' is a carbon-containing solid residue produced by the previous batch of pyrolysis by mechanical mixing before and during pyrolysis. The preferred method is to further remove only the pyrolysis reactor from the reaction tank after pyrolysis. A part of the carbonaceous solid residue. Furthermore, the weight of the carbonaceous solid residue that is removed after pyrolysis can be made smaller than the carbonaceous solid residue of the next batch, and adjusted to each batch of pyrolysis The carbon-containing solid residue obtained afterwards is substantially a fixed amount. The weight mixing ratio of the preferred rubber and plastic chips and the carbon-containing solid residue is 1 to 3/5 to 1/5. The preferred rubber and plastic The chip size is 2x2 inches, or smaller. It uses the standard chip size provided by the best chip machines available today. When cutting rubber and plastic products, it is not necessary to separate the thin wires and wires in advance. Avoid costly separation procedures. It is converted into graphite powder and meets the standard of this paper in China. (CNS > A4 Regulation (210 X 297 male ®) -7- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) > .. Line 444054 A7 ____B7___ 5. Description of the invention (4.> The carbon black contained in the rubber is well mixed, and the steel wire can be easily removed with a tank separator after pyrolysis. Better reaction tank wall pressure It should be reduced to 0.5 to 0 * 9 bar. In a more advantageous configuration of the reaction tank, the wall of the reaction tank is heated from the outside by electricity or hot gas, so that the temperature of the wall of the reaction tank can reach 450 ° C to 550. C, the pyrolysis temperature range is between 350 C and 450 C. Typically, this process can produce 50 to 55% of oil, 3 to 8% of non-condensable flammable gases, and the remaining Carbonaceous solid residue. The carbon-containing solid residue system includes carbon black, graphite obtained by pyrolyzing fine wires, zinc oxide, sulfur, silicate, other minerals, and steel wire rods. The yield depends on the quality of the material being pyrolyzed, and the possible use of the product obtained after pyrolysis depends on the technology currently recovered. -(Please read the note on the back ^ before filling this page) • J--Order-Ministry of Economic Affairs. ¾ Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Property Bureau 1¾.-Paper 遑 Rate Home 1? Public 297