經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _________B7__ 五、發明説明（/ ) 本發明是關於鐘錶之製造，尤指用含有至少75¾鈦之固態 合金製成之鐘錶元件，以及此類元件之製法。 在錶殼之製造中，傳統上使用的材料包括金和銅等，但 ®年來鈦之地位則日漸重要。與金比較，鈦之價格低了許 $，而與鋼比較，皮虜對於鈦的忍受程度較高，而且鈦不 會像鎳一樣會産生過敏症狀。此外，鈦在商業上已經發展 成功的是，由於徹裂痕所導致必須作的消光精加工很容易 就可以完成，鈦材料的以上這些優點使其得以製得高品質 的鐘錶及其他産品。 本發明的基礎是我們發現鈦具有相當特殊的表面外觀， 使其在用以製造鐘錶時，通常都無法具.備極佳的時髦效果 。此種美觀上的限制使得鈦材料無法被大多數的顧客所接 受。 在先前技術中有很多研究試圖要改良鈦製鐘錶之外觀， 例如着色，或將特殊的‘鈦合金鍍在其他材料上面。然而電 鍍操作會增加元件之成本，另外，這些處理也很容易因為 震動或用力刮磨而失去效用。 丙此鈦製鐘錶元件除了必須與先前技術要有不崗之外觀 以便能夠擴展其商業觸角之外，還需要製造此類元件之方 法。 關於本發明前述類型之鐘錶元件，所使用的鈦合金是在 熱機械處理步驟中硬化到機械強度超過7 50 M Pa之程度，而 且至少在元件可看到的外側表面也都經過据光處g。 -3 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率（CNS ) Α4規格（210X 297公釐） I---------批衣-- -)| (t先閲讀t-面之注意事項寫本頁)Printed by the Consumers' Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 _________B7__ V. Description of the Invention (/) The present invention relates to the manufacture of timepieces, especially clock components made of solid alloys containing at least 75¾ of titanium, and a method for making such components. In the manufacture of watch cases, traditionally used materials include gold and copper, but the status of titanium has become increasingly important over the years. Compared with gold, the price of titanium is much lower than that of steel. Compared with steel, Pirup has a higher tolerance for titanium, and titanium does not cause allergic symptoms like nickel. In addition, titanium has been successfully developed commercially. The matte finish that must be done due to cracks can be easily completed. These advantages of titanium materials make it possible to produce high-quality watches and other products. The basis of the present invention is that we find that titanium has a rather special surface appearance, which makes it generally impossible to have excellent fashionable effects when used in the manufacture of watches and clocks. This aesthetic limitation makes titanium unacceptable to most customers. Many studies in the prior art have sought to improve the appearance of titanium timepieces, such as tinting, or plating special ‘titanium alloys on other materials. However, the electroplating operation increases the cost of the components. In addition, these processes can easily become ineffective due to vibration or hard scraping. In addition to this titanium watch component, in addition to having to look off from the prior art in order to be able to expand its commercial reach, methods of manufacturing such components are also needed. Regarding the timepiece components of the aforementioned type of the present invention, the titanium alloy used is hardened to a mechanical strength of more than 7 50 M Pa during the thermomechanical treatment step, and at least the outer surface visible on the component is also passed through the light g . -3-This paper size is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) Α4 size (210X 297mm) I --------- Approval ---) | (t read the precautions on t-face first and write (This page)
、1T —線 Φ A7 B7 五、發明説明（i ) 同時，根據本發明，鐘錶元件之製法包括以下步驟： 先在熱機械處理步驟中將含至少7 5¾鈦之合金硬化到機械 強度超過750 MPa之程度，然後將元件可看到的外側表面拋 光處理。 本發明所提出之鈦合金鐘錶元件在製錶業中是相當新穎 的。尤其對於含至少75¾鈦之合金，其經熱機械處理之後能 夠獲得超過7 5 0 Μ P a之機械阻力，而若能接近1 0 0 0 Μ P a則更 佳。此類特殊合金的優點是其大部份表面都能進行抛光。 在先前技術中很多人努力都想要對鈦製鐘錶元件進行抛 光處理。但傳統鈦合金却無法允許大型元件，例如錶殼體 或錶帶獲得完整的抛光。這些元件之表面情況就如同剝皮 橘子一樣，因此只有一些小型元件，例如玻璃鑲嵌槽，或 只有較大型元件中的小部份能夠製成已抛光的固態鈦模樣 〇 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印製 I_--------裝-- - ~ Iy (#.-先閲讀背面之注意事項本頁) —線 # 剝皮橘子之外觀是因為其具備各種的兩相合金結構，例 如Οί相和Θ相，此兩種相由於硬度不同，因此很難對其施 加相同程度的拋光精加工。歐洲專利第0 4 1 6 929號提出一 種鈦合金錶殼之製法，其中經切削加工過的元件先加熱到 超過/3相變點（約780 °C)之溫度，然後淬火，使其進入麻 田散體相。必要時則在錶殼抛光之前先進行時效處理。但 由於此方法包含太多分開的操作，因此很難應用於工業上 〇 然而，試驗顯示，合金的晶粒度對於抛光品質有決定性 -4 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、 發明説明（' ) 1 1 的 影 響 ， 普 通 鈦 合 金 之 晶 粒 度 在 150- 2 0 0 jti m 之 間 > 因 此 » 1 在 兩 俩 相 鄰 的 晶 粒 之 間 拋 光 程 度 的 差 異 是 相 當 明 顯 的 〇 丙 此 若 能 將 合 金 之 微 結 構 再 加 精 鍊 » 也 就 是 將 用 來 製 請 £ 1 造 鐘 鏡 元 件 的 合 金 之 晶 粒 度 變 小 > 則 必 然 能 夠 獲 致 較 佳 的 聞 资 背- 1 抛 光 品 質 〇 根 據 本 發 明 9 此 種 精 鍊 是 藉 由 對 鐘 錶 元 件 進 行 之 注 | 熱 機 械 處 理 而 得 〇 意 事 1 以 下 將 描 述 本 發 明 較 佳 實 施 例 9 且 不 輔 以 附 圖 作 說 明 〇 項 f. 1 1 本 發 明 可 應 用 於 任 何 鐘 錶 元 件 之 製 造 * 尤 指 錶 殼 體 錢 T f 本 頁 裝 1 後 蓋 9 玻 璃 鑲 嵌 槽 > 以 及 至 少 一 些 伸 展 式 錶 扣 及 普 通 錶 扣 1 I 〇 本 發 明 也 應 用 於 懷 錶 或 手 錶 之 任 何 外 側 元 件 〇 1 1 1 高 根 據 本 發 明 > 在 洹 元 件 中 至 少 有 一 部 份 是 用 中 強 度 或 1 1 ΐ 了 1 強 度 固 態 鈦 合 金 製 成 t 亦即機械強度超過750 MPa (接近 1000 MPa更佳） 之 鈦 合 金 〇 1 1 由 於 ___t •firr m 法 改 變 的 偏 見 > 此 類 合 金 在 傳 統 製 錶 技 術 領 1 | 域 中 是 從 未 被 考 慮 iJBL m 的 3 大 多 數 的 製 錶 專 家 認 為 這 材 料 ^絲 •ffff m 法 獲 致 正 常 的 切 削 和 衝 壓 加 工 〇 由 於 這 個 原 因 i 製 錶 業 1 I 中 通 常 都 使 用 低 機 械 強 度 之 鈦 合 金 〇 因 為 此 類 合 金 之 機 械 ! 1 性 質 較 容 易 應 用 在 製 錶 業 上 f 當 然 就 沒 有 誘 因 去 使 用 較 難 1 處 理 之 合 金 〇 | 不 管 製 錶 領 域 中 一 処 的 ate 見 如 何 我 們 的 試 驗 有 了 出 乎 1 I jie /适、 料 之 結 果 J 我 們 是 使 用 現 代 的 切 削 及 衝 壓 工 具 ( 例 如 用 1 1 I 來 加 工 不 銹 鋼 者 ) 以 此 類 合 金 來 製 造 鐘 錶 元 件 〇 此 外 i 酸 1 1 刻 技 術 也 是 可 行 的 〇 這 些 試 驗 顯 示 9 所 屬 技 術 經 少 許 例 行 1 1 -5- 1 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） A7 B7 五、發明説明（夺） 的修正之後，用傳統的工具就能夠對這些嶄新合金進行切 削加工，而不管既有的偏見為何。例如，只要好好選擇現 有的切削工具，並降低切削速度，則新穎合金之切削加工 也是可行的。 我們發現，只要對這些合金進行熱機械處理，則合金中 CX和相之晶粒度就能夠大幅降低，而變成能夠被抛光成 閃亮的鏡面精加工模樣之元件。在鈦製鐘錶之製造中，此 種拋光是不常見的。此種材料的優點，特別是其抗過敏性 質，可擴展到一些為了美觀上的原因而使用其他金屬之製 錢生産線上。 熱機械處理中最好包含在最初元件的變形操作中將合金 加熱到低於/8相變溫度（78010 )之操作。若能夠在600-750C ( 600 -700 ¾更佳）之溫度衝壓已加熱過的元件也是 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 i (請先閱讀背面之注意事項本頁) 不錯。試驗顯示，當合金同時進行加壓，或明顯的變形以 及加熱到略低於/3相變點之溫度，則合金之徹結構就能夠 獲得有效的精鍊。不同的機構，例如動態再結晶，也可用 來精鍊微結構。明智的選擇加熱溫度和變形壓力就能夠使 晶粒度低於5//ΠΙ而臻於1 wra级之水準。 所使用的合金也可以進行電解氣化和陽極化處理以獲致 不同的彩色效果。 接著利用簡單操作進行硬化和衝壓加工，隨後且不需加 熱，淬火或時效之操作。因此本發明方法與先前技術相比 顯得特別有利。 -6- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐) 397δ40 Α7 Β7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明（f ) 適用於此類抛光處理之中強度和高強度鈦合金群如下： 二元合金：Ή 三元合金：Ti 6A1 4V 四元合金：Τί 8A1 IMo IV Ti 10V 2Fe 3A1 Ti 6A1 6V 2Sn Ti 4A1 3Mo IV T i 10V 2Fe 3A1 含五種以上元素組成之合金： Ti. 6A1 2Sn 4Zr 6Mo Ti 5A1 2Sn 4Zr 4Mo 4Cr Ti 6A1 2Sn 2Zr 2Mo 2Cr Ti 15V 3Cr 3A1 3Sn (以上數字代表組成物中之重量百分比） 一般而言，就延性及機械強度來説，最適當的合金是兩 相α + 鈦合金。然而，單相oc合金或/3結構之合金也不 排除在外。這些兩相合金可利用適當的熱機械處理進行精 鍊及硬化處理。 在鈦合金中，鋁具有使cx相安定化之性質，在高達880¾ 之溫度都能維持安定的（X相。釩則具有使/3相安定化之性 質，而且在超過8 80 10時仍然能夠維持正常的安定性。試驗 顯示，合金Ti 6ΑΙ 4V是最適用來製造鏡面抛光鈦合金鐘錶 元件之材料。此種合金之組成也可作改變如下（重量百分 —Y _ 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項^ 裝-- 1烏本頁) 、π —線fe S97940 B7 A7 五、發明説明（4) 比組成）： 鋁5,5-6,75，釩3.5-4.5,氮0.05以下，碩0.1以下，氫 0. 01 5以下，鐵0, 4以下，氧0. 2以下，各種自身含量皆不超 過0.1且總量在0.5以下之元素，其餘為鈦。 用這些合金來製造錶殼體，錶後蓋，玻璃鑲嵌槽，伸展 式錶扣，普通錶扣和/或錶帶等都相當不錯。對某些元件 ，或某些元件之某些部位，這些合金可能會與其他材料結 合使用。特別來說，當錶損壞時，其可見到之元件是由中 機槭強度或高機械強度的鈦製成，而較不可見之元件，例 如伸展式錶扣，則用低機械強度的鈦製成，因為其不須拋 光處理之故。 請 先 聞 讀… 背〃 面、： 之 注 意 事 項η f：i' I丨裝 頁 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 —8 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐）1T — line Φ A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (i) At the same time, according to the present invention, the method of manufacturing a timepiece component includes the following steps: In the thermomechanical processing step, an alloy containing at least 7 5¾ titanium is first hardened to a mechanical strength exceeding 750 MPa To the extent that the outside surface of the component is then polished. The titanium alloy timepiece element proposed by the present invention is quite new in the watchmaking industry. Especially for alloys containing at least 75¾ titanium, mechanical resistance of more than 750 MPa can be obtained after thermomechanical treatment, and it is even better if it can approach 10,000 MPa. The advantage of this special alloy is that most of its surface can be polished. Many people in the prior art endeavored to polish titanium watch components. However, traditional titanium alloys cannot allow large components such as watch cases or bands to be completely polished. The surface of these components is just like peeling oranges, so only some small components, such as glass inlays, or only a small part of the larger components can be made into polished solid titanium. Cooperation Du printed I _-------- install --- ~ Iy (# .- Read the note on the back page first) —line # The appearance of peeled orange is because it has various two-phase alloy structure , Such as Οί phase and Θ phase, because these two phases have different hardness, it is difficult to apply the same degree of polishing to them. European Patent No. 0 4 1 6 929 proposes a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy watch case, in which the machined components are heated to a temperature exceeding the / 3 transformation point (about 780 ° C), and then quenched to enter Asa Scattered phase. If necessary, aging before the case polishing. However, because this method contains too many separate operations, it is difficult to apply it to industry. However, tests have shown that the grain size of the alloy is decisive for the polishing quality. -4-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification ( 210X297 mm) A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Influence of Invention Statement (') 1 1 The grain size of ordinary titanium alloys is between 150- 2 0 0 jti m > therefore »1 The difference in polishing degree between two adjacent crystal grains is quite obvious. If the microstructure of the alloy can be further refined »that is, the crystal grains of the alloy that will be used to make the clock mirror element If the degree becomes smaller, it will inevitably be able to obtain a better information background-1 Polishing quality. 0 According to the present invention, this refining is achieved by the injection of the clock components | thermomechanical treatment. Describing the preferred embodiment 9 of the present invention without the accompanying drawings. Item f. 1 1 The present invention can be applied to the manufacture of any watch components * especially the watch case T f This page is mounted on the back 1 The back cover 9 is glass inlaid Slot > and at least some extended clasps and ordinary clasps 1 I 〇 The present invention is also applicable to any outer element of a pocket watch or watch 0 1 1 1 High according to the present invention > At least a part of the 洹 element is in use Strength or 1 1 ΐ 1 strength titanium alloy made of solid titanium alloy, that is, titanium alloy with mechanical strength exceeding 750 MPa (preferably close to 1000 MPa) 〇 1 1 bias due to ___t • firr m method > Traditional watchmaking technology 1 | iJBL m has never been considered in the domain 3 Most watchmaking experts believe that this material ^ silk • ffff m method results in normal cutting and stamping. For this reason i watchmaking 1 I usually use low mechanical strength titanium alloys because of the mechanical properties of these alloys! 1 Properties are easier to apply to watchmaking f Of course there is no incentive to use harder alloys 1 | Unregulated watch areas One place, ate, see how our experiments have yielded results beyond 1 I Jie / suitable, expected J We are using modern cutting and stamping tools (such as those who use 1 1 I to process stainless steel) to use this alloy to make watches Components 〇 In addition, the acid 1 1 engraving technology is also feasible. 0 These tests show that the technology is a little routine 1 1 -5- 1 This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) A7 B7 V. After the revision of the invention, these new alloys can be machined with conventional tools, regardless of existing prejudices. For example, as long as the existing cutting tools are well selected and the cutting speed is reduced, cutting of novel alloys is also feasible. We have found that as long as these alloys are subjected to thermomechanical treatment, the grain size of the CX and phases in the alloy can be greatly reduced, and they become elements that can be polished to a shiny mirror-finished appearance. Such polishing is unusual in the manufacture of titanium timepieces. The advantages of this material, especially its anti-allergic properties, can be extended to some production lines that use other metals for aesthetic reasons. The thermomechanical treatment preferably includes the operation of heating the alloy below the / 8 phase transformation temperature (78010) during the deformation operation of the original element. If you can stamp the heated components at a temperature of 600-750C (600-700 ¾ is better), it is also printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs i (please read the precautions on the back page first). Tests have shown that when the alloy is simultaneously pressurized or significantly deformed and heated to a temperature slightly below the / 3 transformation point, the complete structure of the alloy can be effectively refined. Different mechanisms, such as dynamic recrystallization, can also be used to refine microstructures. The wise choice of heating temperature and deformation pressure can make the grain size lower than 5 // ΠΙ and reach the level of 1 wra. The alloy used can also be subjected to electrolytic gasification and anodization to obtain different color effects. This is followed by hardening and stamping with simple operations, and subsequent operations without heating, quenching or aging. The method of the invention is therefore particularly advantageous compared to the prior art. -6- This paper size applies to Chinese National Standards (CNS) A4 specifications (210X297 mm) 397δ40 Α7 Β7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the invention (f) Suitable for the strength and The high-strength titanium alloy group is as follows: Binary alloy: Ή Ternary alloy: Ti 6A1 4V Quaternary alloy: Τί 8A1 IMo IV Ti 10V 2Fe 3A1 Ti 6A1 6V 2Sn Ti 4A1 3Mo IV T i 10V 2Fe 3A1 Alloy: Ti. 6A1 2Sn 4Zr 6Mo Ti 5A1 2Sn 4Zr 4Mo 4Cr Ti 6A1 2Sn 2Zr 2Mo 2Cr Ti 15V 3Cr 3A1 3Sn (The above figures represent weight percentages in the composition) Generally speaking, in terms of ductility and mechanical strength, the most A suitable alloy is a two-phase α + titanium alloy. However, single-phase oc alloys or alloys with a / 3 structure are not excluded. These two-phase alloys can be fine chained and hardened by appropriate thermomechanical processing. In titanium alloys, aluminum has the property of stabilizing the cx phase, and it can maintain stability at temperatures up to 880 ¾ (phase X. Vanadium has the property of stabilizing the / 3 phase, and it can still be used when it exceeds 8 80 10 Maintains normal stability. Tests show that alloy Ti 6ΑΙ 4V is the most suitable material for making mirror-polished titanium alloy clock components. The composition of this alloy can also be changed as follows (weight percent-Y _ This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back ^ Installation-1 black page), π-wire fe S97940 B7 A7 V. Description of the invention (4) Specific composition): Aluminum 5 , 5-6, 75, vanadium 3.5-4.5, nitrogen below 0.05, master below 0.1, hydrogen below 0.015, iron below 0.4, oxygen below 0.2, various self-contents not exceeding 0.1 and total Elements below 0.5, the rest is titanium. These alloys are used to make watch cases, case backs, glass inlays, stretch clasps, ordinary buckles and / or straps, etc. For some components, or Some parts of some components, these alloys may be combined with other materials In particular, when the watch is damaged, the visible components are made of titanium with high mechanical strength or high mechanical strength, while the less visible components, such as the extension buckle, use low mechanical strength. It is made of titanium because it does not need to be polished. Please read it first ... Backside: Attentions η f: i 'I 丨 Binding and Printing Printed by the Staff Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs—8 papers Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm)