經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 ^〇8〇4S a7 B7 五、發明説明（） 本發明係有關用於電磁幅射的偏光鏡，特別是有關Μ 雙折射材料製成的稜鏡偏光鏡。此種一般型式的偏光鏡從 十九世紀早期即為人所知，當時Nicol將兩個適當形狀的 方解石稜鏡黏和在一起而製成第一個石英偏光鏡。雖然原 始的觀念已經修改，然而，在雙折射石英體中的兩次折射 基本原理Μ及利用稜鏡接合界面之對角面上的全内部反射 而從另一個石英體上進行偏光分離的基本原理並未改變。 偏光鏡的特性可分為兩類。第一類為物理特性，諸如 吸光率、透射特性以及光譜特性。第二類是幾何特性、視 野Μ及體積或長度對孔徑之比。吾人期望能減低長度對孔 徑之比值而不致嚴重影響視野。 最常用的單稜鏡對鵂光鏡為第1圖中所示之Glan-Tho mpson稜鏡。如第2圖所示，兩個Glan-Thompson稜鏡被 並排结合。這是Ahrens由在1866年首次提出。此结構保留 Glan-Thompson稜鏡優異的光學特性，但其長度對孔徑比 僅有Glan-Thompson棱鏡的一半。 透過並排地裝置其他的稜鏡而進一步減少G 1 an-Thomp son稜鏡的尺寸是不可能的，此及由於不需要的偏光元件 會在後面的平行面上遭遇第二次的全内部反射，並被導引 通過偏光鏡的外面。 本發明之目的為提供一種雙稜鏡偏光鏡，其將提供改 良的長度對孔徑比並保留有用的視野。 根據本發明的一個觀點，其提供一種雙折射棱鏡偏光 鏡，其可將射入之電磁幅射分為兩偏極光、傳送一經選定 本紙張尺度適用中國國家樑準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閣讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) r 4 五、發明説明（ A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 之偏極光，阻礙不需要之偏極光的傳送，該偏光鏡包括一 射入面與一射出面，該射入面及射出面由多層、平坦且交 互平行的截段所形成之不同折射率的實質上連績的界面加 K分隔，該射入面與該界面至少由一雙折射材料區加K分 隔，且該射出面與該界面彼此分隔，且該截段被定位為使 該不要的偏極光在該界面遭遇第一次的全內反射，並接著 在該射出面遭遇第二次的全内反射，而不與平行於第一次 反射該偏極光的截段相平行之該界面的截段相交。 在一較佳型態中，各平坦截段與相鄰的截段相交以形 成具有大致成鋸齒狀的界面。在另一個實施例中，相鄰截 段可以更短的平坦截段加Μ结合，該等更短的截段被塗黑 Μ吸收射在這些截段上的光線。在其他實施例中，截段可 利用較小但同樣平坦的碎裂部分與彼此平行的截段加Μ结 合。 本發明之偏光鏡最好全部Μ雙折射材料製成，雖然僅 在射入面與界面之間置有雙折射材料區Μ將電磁幅射分隔 為兩偏光即已足夠。熟習此技術之人士將可察知，雙折射 材料之光軸必須相對於射入面與界面作適當的定位。偏光 鏡最好利用雙折射方解石石英製成。該偏光鏡可以结合兩 片形狀適當且互補的雙折射平板的方式製成。或者，偏光 鏡可透過將分離的透鏡结合在一起，並在此结構的各側黏 著平板Κ便分隔界面與射入及射出面的方式製成。 本發明之偏光鏡亦可透過玻璃與雙折射方解石石英的 組合製成，以便降低製作成本。此偏光鏡亦可將雙折射塑 1^1 nn —1 ml n^i I —In 1^1 n^i i Ty ^i (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度遑用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（2丨0X297公釐） 5 經濟部中央揉準局員工消費合作社印製 308648 A7 B7 五、發明説明（） 膠材料壓製成適當的形狀而製成。 本發明的一個實施例將參照附圖加K說明，在此，其 僅作為一個範圍，其中： 第1圖為Glan-Thompson習知技術之稜鏡的不意圖； 第2圖為習知技術之改良式的Glan-Thompson稜鏡配 置的示意圖； 第3圖為本發明之雙折射稜鏡偏光鏡的第一簧施例的 示意圖； 第4圖為顯示於第3圖中之稜鏡的部分放大視圖，其 中包括射線圖； 第5圖為與第4圖之圖式相類的視圖，其中顯示較大 部分的偏光鏡； 第6圖為稜鏡角與射入角對界面折射係數的圖形； 第7圖為本發明之雙折射偏光鏡之第二實施例的示意 側視圖； 第8圖為本發明之雙折射偏光鏡之第三實腌例的示意 側視圖； 第9圖為本發明之雙折射偏光鏡之第四實施例的示意 側視圖； 第10圖為第9圖中所示之雙折射稜鏡偏光鏡的放大细 部圖； 第11圖為第9圖中所示之雙折射稜鏡偏光鏡的另一個 放大细部圖； 第12圖為本發明之雙折射偏光鏡之第五實施例的示意 —^1- ί ί nx nn m^i I ^ m I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ 〇8〇4S a7 B7 V. Description of the invention () The present invention relates to polarizers used for electromagnetic radiation, in particular to prism polarizers made of Μ birefringent materials . This general type of polarizer was known from the early nineteenth century, when Nicol glued together two appropriately shaped calcite prisms to make the first quartz polarizer. Although the original concept has been modified, however, the basic principle of double refraction in a birefringent quartz body M and the principle of polarized light separation from another quartz body using total internal reflection on the diagonal surface of the juncture interface It has not changed. The characteristics of polarizers can be divided into two categories. The first category is physical properties, such as absorbance, transmission properties, and spectral properties. The second category is the geometric characteristics, field of view M and the ratio of volume or length to aperture. We expect to reduce the ratio of length to diameter without seriously affecting the field of vision. The most commonly used single-lens paired mirror is the Glan-Tho mpson prism shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 2, the two Glan-Thompson 珜 鏡 are joined side by side. This was first proposed by Ahrens in 1866. This structure retains the excellent optical properties of Glan-Thompson 珜 鏡, but its length to aperture ratio is only half of the Glan-Thompson prism. It is impossible to further reduce the size of G 1 an-Thomp son 珜 鏡 by installing other 稜鏡 in parallel, and because the unnecessary polarizing element will encounter a second total internal reflection on the parallel surface behind, And be guided through the outside of the polarizer. The object of the present invention is to provide a double-lens polarizer that will provide an improved length to aperture ratio and retain a useful field of view. According to one aspect of the present invention, it provides a birefringent prism polarizer, which can divide the incident electromagnetic radiation into two polarized polarized light, and transmit the selected paper size to the Chinese National Liang Zhun (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 () Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) r 4 V. Invention description (A7 B7 Polarized light printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, hindering the transmission of unwanted polarized light, the polarized light The mirror includes an entrance surface and an exit surface. The entrance surface and the exit surface are separated by a substantially continuous interface of different refractive indices formed by multiple, flat, and parallel parallel sections plus K, the entrance surface and the exit surface The interface is separated by at least a birefringent material region plus K, and the exit surface and the interface are separated from each other, and the section is positioned so that the unwanted polarized light encounters the first total internal reflection at the interface, and then The second total internal reflection is encountered at the exit surface, and does not intersect with the section of the interface parallel to the section reflecting the polarized light for the first time. In a preferred form, each flat section Adjacent The cross-sections of each other intersect to form an interface with a substantially zigzag shape. In another embodiment, adjacent sections can be combined with shorter flat sections plus M, and the shorter sections are coated with black M to absorb The light on these sections. In other embodiments, the sections can be combined with the parallel but parallel sections plus M. The polarizer of the present invention is preferably made of all M birefringent materials Although only a birefringent material region M is placed between the incident surface and the interface to separate the electromagnetic radiation into two polarized lights. Those skilled in the art will understand that the optical axis of the birefringent material must be relative to the incident The surface and the interface are properly positioned. The polarizer is preferably made of birefringent calcite quartz. The polarizer can be made by combining two birefringent plates of appropriate shape and complementary. Or, the polarizer can be passed through the separate lens It is made by bonding together and adhering a flat plate K on each side of the structure to separate the interface from the entrance and exit surfaces. The polarizer of the present invention can also be made through the combination of glass and birefringent calcite quartz In order to reduce the production cost. This polarizer can also birefringent plastic 1 ^ 1 nn —1 ml n ^ i I —In 1 ^ 1 n ^ ii Ty ^ i (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The size of this paper is not in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (2 丨 0X297mm). 5 Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Economic Cooperation and Employee Consumer Cooperatives 308648 A7 B7 5. Description of invention () The adhesive material is made into a suitable shape. An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings plus K, here, it is only as a range, where: Figure 1 is the intention of Glan-Thompson's conventional technology; Figure 2 is the conventional A schematic diagram of the configuration of the improved Glan-Thompson 稜鏡 of the technology; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first spring embodiment of the birefringent 騜 鏡 polarizer of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a diagram of 珜 鏡 shown in FIG. 3 Partially enlarged view, including the ray diagram; Figure 5 is a view similar to the one shown in Figure 4, which shows a larger part of the polarizer; Figure 6 is the angle of incidence and angle of incidence on the interface refractive index Figure 7 is a second embodiment of the birefringent polarizer of the present invention Figure 8 is a schematic side view of a third example of the birefringent polarizer of the present invention; Figure 9 is a schematic side view of a fourth embodiment of the birefringent polarizer of the present invention; Figure 10 Figure 9 is an enlarged detail view of the birefringent prism polarizer shown in Figure 9; Figure 11 is another enlarged detail view of the birefringent prism polarizer shown in Figure 9; Figure 12 is the invention Schematic diagram of the fifth embodiment of the birefringent polarizer-^ 1- ί ί nx nn m ^ i I ^ m I (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明（） 側視圖； 參考第3圖，本發明之偏光鏡包括在界面11黏合在一 起的雙折射方解石石英的兩塊平板10。平板10的形狀相對 應，而使連績界面11可利用多重、平坦且交互平行的截段 14、15並K鋸齒狀所構成。如熟習此技術之人士所能察知 者，方解石石英的光軸必須相對於射入面12與界面或稜鏡 表面作適當的定位。在此例中所顯示的是，石英的光軸平 行於射入面12的平面Μ及各個平坦截段14、15。 Μ下有關偏光鏡之操作的分析本質上是初级的分析， 用Μ解釋操作的一般原理，而非此系統的的完整分析。 參考第4圖，兩條外部射線Α與Β對稱地從法線下方 與上方進入稜鏡。這些射線於稜鏡視野的邊緣。在進入偏 光鏡時，不同的偏光射線根據所有此種裝置的原理而以不 同的速度傳播。不同的偏光射線被標示為“ 〇 ”射線與“ e ’’射線。“ 射線之内折射角K r表示，而對將在界 面上被全內反射的射線而言，必須滿足Μ下條件： r<9〇 — tp — Tc° (1) 其中t p為稜鏡半角而T/=arcsin(nc/no)S*R 反射（TIR )之角度而nc為接合部之折射係數且no為石英 對“ 〇 ”射線的折射係數。 就將在界面上被傳送的“e”射線而言，射入内角必 須滿足與條件（1)相反的條件*亦即： r>90 — tp— Tc& (2) 其中 T c = arcsin(n c/ n e)為 “ e ” 射線之TIR角。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率（CNS ) A4规格（210X 297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 7 B7五、發明説明（） 在此，n e為石英對“e”射線的折射係數。 被反射的“ 〇 ”射線不一定要經由射出面離開稜鏡。 因此，在此面上的TIR必須被迫與下列的外部射線B的條 件相等： r<2 tP— Ta (3) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印褽 其中Ta=arcsin(l/no)為石英—空氣邊界對 ”射線的TIR角。 當滿足TIR條件時，吾人可確定當反射射線通過該裝 置而傳播時，反射射線不會與平行於第一次反射該反射射 線之斜面的斜面相交。若並排斜面相交，則射線將經由輸 出面離開偏光鏡。在實用上，欲避免所有的反射似乎是不 可能的，然而，可設定一簡單的間隙條件而使偏光鏡內的 傳播長度比Ahrens稜鏡或其他稜鏡偏光鏡中所見的傳播長 度大幅增加。在實用上，若不要的偏光不與內界面之截段 相交，則前述目的可以達成，其中該界面平行於一截段， 射線在射出面遭遇全內反射之前從該截段被反射。 第5圖顯示兩條外部射線可在多稜鏡结構之間匹配的 狀態。此種幾何结構導出B射線的條件： tan (2tp+r) <3tanTp (4) 在此階段，當滿足條件（1)、（3)、（4)時，吾人可決 定最大內角r max。從對應方程式中吾人可得： r max = arctan [ t an t '(1—3 t a t ' p)] [1 + 5 t a n11 'p] (5) 其中t ’p= ( 9〇 T c% T a、/ 3。 οThis paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) A7 B7 printed by the Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention () Side view; Refer to Figure 3, the polarizer of the present invention is included in The interface 11 is bonded with two flat plates 10 of birefringent calcite quartz. The shape of the tablet 10 corresponds to each other, and the consecutive interface 11 can be formed by multiple, flat, and mutually parallel sections 14, 15 and K zigzag. As those skilled in the art can understand, the optical axis of calcite quartz must be properly positioned relative to the incident surface 12 and the interface or the surface of the prism. What is shown in this example is that the optical axis of quartz is parallel to the plane M of the incident surface 12 and the respective flat sections 14,15. The analysis of the operation of the polarizer under Μ is essentially a preliminary analysis, using Μ to explain the general principles of operation, not the complete analysis of this system. Referring to Fig. 4, the two external rays A and B enter the prism symmetrically from below and above the normal. These rays are at the edge of Yan's field of vision. When entering the polarizer, different polarized rays propagate at different speeds according to the principle of all such devices. Different polarized rays are marked as “” rays and “e” rays. “The internal refraction angle K r of the rays means that for rays that will be totally internally reflected at the interface, the following conditions must be satisfied: r < 9〇— tp — Tc ° (1) where tp is the half-angle of 珜 鏡 and the angle of T / = arcsin (nc / no) S * R reflection (TIR) and nc is the refractive index of the joint and no is the quartz pair. ○ "refractive index of rays. For the "e" ray to be transmitted on the interface, the incident internal angle must satisfy the condition opposite to condition (1) * that is: r > 90 — tp— Tc & (2) where T c = arcsin (nc / ne) is the TIR angle of the "e" ray. This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard Rate (CNS) A4 (210X 297mm) (please read the precautions on the back and then fill out this page) 7 B7 V. Description of invention () Here, ne is quartz pair "e" The refractive index of the ray. The reflected "O" rays do not have to leave Lei Huang through the exit surface. Therefore, the TIR on this surface must be forced to be equal to the following external ray B condition: r < 2 tP—Ta (3) The Employee Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs where Ta = arcsin (l / no) is The TIR angle of the quartz-air boundary to the ray. When the TIR conditions are met, one can be sure that when the reflected ray travels through the device, the reflected ray will not intersect the slope parallel to the slope that reflected the reflected ray for the first time. If the side-by-side inclined planes intersect, the rays will leave the polarizer through the output surface. In practice, it seems impossible to avoid all reflections, however, a simple gap condition can be set so that the propagation length in the polarizer is greater than the Ahrens edge The propagation length seen in mirrors or other polarized polarizers is greatly increased. Practically, if the unwanted polarized light does not intersect with the section of the internal interface, the aforementioned purpose can be achieved, where the interface is parallel to a section and the rays are exit The surface is reflected from this section before encountering total internal reflection. Figure 5 shows the state where two external rays can be matched between the dome structures. This geometric structure derives B rays Condition: tan (2tp + r) < 3tanTp (4) At this stage, when conditions (1), (3), (4) are met, we can determine the maximum internal angle r max. From the corresponding equation we can get : R max = arctan [t an t '(1-3 tat' p)] [1 + 5 ta n11 'p] (5) where t' p = (9〇T c% T a, / 3. ο
In ml* ^^^^1 m· TJ ^、vd (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) Λλ·,.—:參广. i張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4«L格（210X297公釐） 8 A7 _____B7 五、發明説明（） 對應的全外部場為： 2 i max= 2 arcs iη ( η 〇 s i n r max) (6) 當偏光稜鏡Μ方解石構成時，外部場之大小已就界面 之折射ί糸數的範圍進仃預估。第6圖顯示當n e = 1.49而 η 0=1.66時所導出的波長為533 nn。此圖顯示20度的全 場角可在全稜鏡角約為45度時獲得。 B射線的間隙條件更加複雜此乃由於其係由突出的稜 鏡斜面長度與偏光鏡L之全長（厚）的幾何關係而設定。第 5圖中所顯示的幾何條件為： 1 / L = [2tan(2 t p-「）]/[3 t a n t P + tant (2tp-r)] (7) 進一步的分析顯示，根據這些條件，多稜鏡偏光鏡的 全孔徑為： A — (91+L- 2x) tantp (8) 其中 x = 〔3Ltan (2tp— r*ax) — ltan (2tp+rnax) + 2 1 t antp〕/ { 2〔tan ( 2 t p + r max) —tan 2 t p— r amx) 〕} 經濟部中央標隼局員工消费合作社印策 ^^1 ^^^1 ί ^^^1 m In I ^^^1 m^i ^i (讀先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) M方解石以及第6圖中之接合型式界面與稜鏡角所示 之结果為例，吾人可見多稜鏡偏光鏡減少稜鏡偏光鏡之體 積或長度對孔徑之比（L/A)至十分之幾。Glan-Thompso η透鏡的L/A比為3，而對前述之多稜鏡偏光鏡則為〇. 33 〇 在本發明的另一個観點中，若射線“ ”通過界面的 _终法欠度逋用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X297公釐） 經濟部中央樣準局員工消費合作社印裝 308648 μ _ B7_ 五、發明説明（） 傳輸可完全避免，則長度對孔徑之比可被進一步降低。這 可以一間隙間界來達成，其中方解石被Μ適當的氣體加K 替代。若全稜鏡角為90度，則“ 〇 ”射線將經由全内反射 而被反射至光源。所提供之充填於界面中的氣體的折射係 數約為1.115 ，則“ e ”射線將可被傳送。然而，若稜鏡 係K方解石製成，則此種偏光鏡的視場將降至7度。 在某種型式中，偏光鏡可被設計為使稜鏡斜面降至最 低。若完成此設計，則光線在邊緣散射的相關問題（必然 會降低偏光鏡的光學性能）可減低。如此一來，傳統製造 方法可被應用於各涸稜鏡被抛光成形並隨後接合於具有接 合物之元件的應用中，其中該接合物之折射係數由第6圔 中所示之條件所設定。之後，兩片薄而平坦的平行平板接 合於該元件的射入及出射面上。 當光學性能不在臨界狀態時，可採用早先所述之K兩 片平板製成具有對應形狀的製造技術。此二元件可利用適 當的削磨工具而Μ單片方解石製成。削磨工具係K機械方 法產生適當的溝槽而成形，而方解石在工具上具有粗糙的 研磨劑與水的時候反覆磨擦。最終的研磨與拋光作業係Μ 一類似形狀的工具加以執行，但其材料比前一個研磨階段 所用的材料為軟。最终的拋光工具可具有垂直於其反覆蓮 動之方向的狹窄的凹槽，Μ使拋光液體可具較佳的分布。 第7至12圖顯示本發明之雙折射稜鏡偏光鏡的其他實 施例。 由於生產與製造過程中的誤差，界面11的各個頂點之 _______ 本^^度適用中國國家橾準（匚灿）八4規格（210';< 297公釐） (請先閣讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -* 10 A7 B7 五、發明説明（） 間很難形成精確的匹配。由於這些頂點並非完美的界面， 光線可能在頂點散射，如前所述地，這將無可避免地降低 偏光鏡的光學性能。 參考第7圖，其為偏光鏡的一個實施例’包括偏光材 料製成的兩片平板20。然而，只有平板20a具有鋸齒狀的 界面22。兩平板由折射係數滿足第6圖中所示之條件的接 合體23予K结合。吾人可瞭解，當接合體在初始K液態導 入時更能完全匹配平板2之外形，並能提供如第3圖中所 示之具有較佳的光學特性的界面22。由於僅有一半的平板 必須加K機製，因此，此實施例的製作比第3圖中之實施 例便宜。 第8圖中所示之實施例具有兩片偏光材料平板30,其 與第3圖中所示者類似，但其係由充填有適當氣體的間隙 31加K分隔。若該氣體具有適當的折射係數，則可能改善 偏光鏡的透射率並改善長度對孔徑之比。如前所述，本發 明之此一實施例相對於第3圖中之實施例具有較小的視場 〇 經濟部中夬標準局員工消費合作杜印製 第9圖中之本發明的實施例與第7圖之實腌例類似， 其中兩片偏光材枓40之平板由佞合界面41加以分隔。然而 ，為討論在界面43之頂點42的光散射問題，第10與11圖分 別顯示兩個替代的圖形。 在第10圖所顯示的圖形中，頂點由較小但同樣平坦的 的碎裂部分43以及相對於用於主界面42之截段而圼交互平 行的截段加K替代。此等碎裂部分可K離子束蝕刻法形成 :未沐張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4说格（210X297公釐） 11 (請先W讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 11 - A7 B7 ^〇S648 五、發明説明（ 第10圖中所示的另一種结構僅包括在44上截去頂點， 並利用非反射性的黑色塗料有效地防止任何光線通過。 本發明的另一個實施例顯示於第12圖，其中兩片雙折 射材料50的平板Μ傳統稜鏡51予Μ分隔。稜鏡51可K傳統 方式製作、拋光成形，並隨後再次Μ—接合物接合於一部 件，該接合物之折射率係由第6圖中所示的條件加以設定 。這兩片平行板50隨後接合於稜鏡上偏光鏡的射人52及出 射53面。 吾人可瞭解，前文所述者僅為本發明的某些實施例， 且可在不悖離本發明之範蟠的情況下對其加Κ修改。例如 ，可透過並排接合數個前述型式的偏光鏡而形成一偏光鏡 ，而各偏光鏡以黑色的吸光帶加Μ分隔。 mV mu m^i In n i m^i i^n «1^^^ 才 、vs (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210Χ 297公釐） 12In ml * ^^^^ 1 m · TJ ^, vd (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Λλ ·, .—: Shen Guang. I Zhang scale applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 «L grid (210X297mm) 8 A7 _____B7 V. Description of the invention () The corresponding full external field is: 2 i max = 2 arcs iη (η 〇sinr max) (6) When the polarized light is composed of calcite, the size of the external field The range of the refractive index of the interface has been estimated. Figure 6 shows that the derived wavelength is 533 nn when n e = 1.49 and η 0 = 1.66. This figure shows that a full field angle of 20 degrees can be obtained when the total angle is about 45 degrees. The B-ray gap condition is more complicated because it is set by the geometric relationship between the length of the protruding prism slope and the full length (thickness) of the polarizer L. The geometric conditions shown in Figure 5 are: 1 / L = [2tan (2 t p-“)] / [3 tant P + tant (2tp-r)] (7) Further analysis shows that according to these conditions, The full aperture of the multi-lens polarizer is: A — (91 + L- 2x) tantp (8) where x = 〔3Ltan (2tp— r * ax) — ltan (2tp + rnax) + 2 1 t antp) / { 2 〔tan (2 tp + r max) —tan 2 tp—r amx)〕} Institute of the Consumer Consumption Cooperative of the Central Standard Falcon Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs ^^ 1 ^^^ 1 ί ^^^ 1 m In I ^^^ 1 m ^ i ^ i (Read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) M calcite and the results shown in the junction type interface and the angle of the image in Figure 6 are examples. I can see that the number of polarized lenses reduces the number of linear filters The ratio of the volume or length of the polarizer to the aperture (L / A) to a few tenths. The L / A ratio of the Glan-Thompso η lens is 3, and it is 0.33 for the above-mentioned multi-lens polarizer. In another point of invention, if the ray "" passes through the interface, the final law is under the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X297 mm). The Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Samples and Printing, Consumer Cooperative Printed 308648 μ _ B7_ V. Description of the invention () Loss can be completely avoided, and the ratio of length to aperture can be further reduced. This can be achieved by a gap boundary, in which calcite is replaced by a suitable gas of M plus K. If the total angle is 90 degrees, then "0" rays It will be reflected to the light source by total internal reflection. The provided gas filled in the interface has a refractive index of about 1.115, and the "e" ray will be transmitted. However, if it is made of K calcite, this The field of view of this kind of polarizer will be reduced to 7 degrees. In a certain type, the polarizer can be designed to minimize the slope of 稜鏡. If this design is completed, the problem of light scattering at the edge (it will inevitably reduce the polarization The optical performance of the mirror can be reduced. In this way, the traditional manufacturing method can be applied to the application of the polished and polished and then joined to the component with a joint, wherein the refractive index of the joint is from the sixth The conditions shown in are set. After that, two thin and flat parallel plates are bonded to the entrance and exit surfaces of the device. When the optical performance is not critical, the K two described earlier can be used. The flat plate is made with the corresponding shape of the manufacturing technology. These two elements can be made with a suitable grinding tool and a single piece of calcite. The grinding tool is formed by K mechanical method to produce an appropriate groove, and the calcite has rough on the tool The abrasives are rubbed repeatedly with water. The final grinding and polishing operations are performed with a similarly shaped tool, but the material is softer than the material used in the previous grinding stage. The final polishing tool may have a narrow groove perpendicular to the direction in which it repeatedly moves, so that the polishing liquid can be better distributed. Figures 7 to 12 show other embodiments of the birefringent prism polarizer of the present invention. Due to errors in the production and manufacturing process, the _______ degrees of each vertex of the interface 11 are applicable to the Chinese National Standard (匚 灿) 84 specifications (210 '; < 297 mm) (please read the back page first Matters needing attention and then fill out this page)-* 10 A7 B7 Fifth, invention description () It is difficult to form an accurate match. Since these vertices are not perfect interfaces, light may be scattered at the vertices, as mentioned earlier, which will inevitably reduce the optical performance of the polarizer. Referring to Fig. 7, which is an embodiment of the polarizer, it includes two flat plates 20 made of polarizing material. However, only the flat plate 20a has the zigzag interface 22. The two plates are K-bonded by a joint 23 having a refractive index that satisfies the conditions shown in Fig. 6. We can understand that when the joint is introduced in the initial K liquid state, it can better match the outer shape of the flat plate 2 and provide an interface 22 with better optical characteristics as shown in FIG. 3. Since only half of the tablets must be added with the K mechanism, this embodiment is cheaper to manufacture than the embodiment shown in Figure 3. The embodiment shown in Fig. 8 has two plates 30 of polarizing material, which are similar to those shown in Fig. 3, but are separated by a gap 31 filled with a suitable gas plus K. If the gas has an appropriate refractive index, it is possible to improve the transmittance of the polarizer and improve the ratio of length to aperture. As mentioned above, this embodiment of the present invention has a smaller field of view than the embodiment in FIG. 3. The employee consumption cooperation of the Bureau of Standards and Statistics of the Ministry of Economic Affairs du printed the embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 9 Similar to the actual picking example in FIG. 7, the flat plates of the two polarizing materials 40 are separated by the joint interface 41. However, to discuss the problem of light scattering at the apex 42 of the interface 43, Figures 10 and 11 show two alternative patterns, respectively. In the graph shown in Fig. 10, the vertices are replaced by smaller but equally flat fragments 43 and cross sections parallel to each other with respect to the section for the main interface 42 plus K. These fragmented parts can be formed by the K ion beam etching method: The unscaled scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 grid (210X297mm) 11 (Please read the precautions on the back side before filling this page) 11-A7 B7 ^ 〇S648 V. Description of the invention (Another structure shown in Figure 10 only includes the apex cut at 44 and uses a non-reflective black paint to effectively prevent any light from passing through. Another embodiment of the present invention Shown in Fig. 12, two flat plates of birefringent material 50 are separated by conventional 珜 珡 51. 稜鏡 51 can be manufactured in a conventional manner, polished, and then M-joined to a part again, the joint The refractive index of the object is set by the conditions shown in Figure 6. The two parallel plates 50 are then joined to the shot 52 and exit 53 faces of the polarizer on the 珜 鏡. I can understand that the above mentioned are only Certain embodiments of the present invention can be modified by adding K without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, a polarizer can be formed by joining several polarizers of the aforementioned type side by side, and each polarized light The mirror is added with a black absorption band MV mu m ^ i In nim ^ ii ^ n «1 ^^^ Cai, vs (please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Central Standards Bureau Employee Consumer Cooperative. The paper size is applicable to China Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210Χ 297 mm) 12