TW243576B - - Google Patents

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TW243576B
TW243576B TW081107088A TW81107088A TW243576B TW 243576 B TW243576 B TW 243576B TW 081107088 A TW081107088 A TW 081107088A TW 81107088 A TW81107088 A TW 81107088A TW 243576 B TW243576 B TW 243576B
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Rca Thomson Licensing Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T3/00Geometric image transformation in the plane of the image
    • G06T3/40Scaling the whole image or part thereof
    • G06T3/4084Transform-based scaling, e.g. FFT domain scaling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/12Systems in which the television signal is transmitted via one channel or a plurality of parallel channels, the bandwidth of each channel being less than the bandwidth of the television signal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/42Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
    • H04N19/423Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation characterised by memory arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/503Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/577Motion compensation with bidirectional frame interpolation, i.e. using B-pictures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/59Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/434Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124Quantisation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/132Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards

Description

243576 Λ 6η 6 經濟部中央標準/ioBC工消1Ϊ-合作社印Μ 五、發明説明(1 ) 本發明係指向高畫質罨視(HDTV)接收機而較特定者係 指向因應於HDTV但圈較低成本且品質上與HTSC接收機相等 之霣視接收機。 發昍背醫 烴建議與當前受美國對未來HDTV糸統評估之糸統主要乃 為數位者,且提供較高解析度之影像。由於信號為數位且 靥較高解析度•故經設計處理此類信號之接收機乃需大量 尖端科技之硬體包含大量之視頻存儲器(VRAM)。直至技 術成热時為止(可能需十至十五年),此硬《乃使HDTV接 收機S貴,貴至可能使中收人家庭每戶排除採購超過一台 接收機。然而大多數中收入家庭習憤於具有若干接收桷於 其家中。以故乃需於較近期間具較低廉之HDTV接收機。 本發明人理解其可能提供較低廉之HDTV信號接收機但犧 牲一些影像解析度。此類接收機仍具超越NTSC接收機之優 點因HDTV並不遣遇諸如交叉顔色與交叉亮度之一般NTSC之 缺點*且由於為數位故可與諸如家用電腦之其它數位裝置 相兼容。 典型之HDTV信號可圼現具1050線及每線1440像素之影像 。典型之HDTV接收機需例如四VRAMM處理解碼信號與另外 之存儲器以緩衢数埸壓縮之數據。設想八位元之樣品,此 四VRAM乃需48.38百萬位元極快速之存儲器。另一方面, 倘HDTV信號烴解碼至正常之NTSC之525線解析度且每線 910像素時•則僅需15.29百萬位元較低之VRAM,或約為高 解析度影像所需之三分之一。較少存儲器與較慢存儲器之 .5 _ (請先閲讀背而之注意本項再填寫f. 裝- 订- 線- 本紙張尺度逍用中a Η家標毕(CNS) Ή規格(210x29/公*) 81. 7. 20.000张(II) 243576 Λ 6 Π 6 經濟部中央楳準局只工消赀合作社印製 五、發明説明(2) 需求可實現重大之成本節省於較低解析度之接收拥中。 發明之《诚 本發明為接收較高解析度之HDTV信號並僅利用信號中一 部份之數據K產生表.示較低解析度影像之信號而實現減少 所霈K再製影像之硬體苳接收櫬裝置。 附匾之教诚 圖1為可用於說明本發明之曆次信號之圖示。 圈2為處理壓缩數位罨視信號之典型電視接收機類型之 方塊圖。 圔3為就闞HDTV接收櫬之可併合於圖1之元件14之減壓裝 置之方塊圖。 圖4,5,7與8為具體實施本發明減壓電路交替具體實施例 之方塊圖。 圖6為由圖5之交置器319所提供範例性樣品格式之圖示 0 圖8A、8B與8C為可實施於圖8之元件308之範例性交替之 遮蔽功能。 圖9為圖8之係數遮蔽裝置308之方塊圖。 画10為部份圖7裝置之揲作流程表。 譁Μ銳明 本發明係按由ATRC所建議之形式之壓縮數位電視信號而 說明,此係相似於由電影専家群(MPEG)所建議之標準並 詳列於"International Organization for standardization國際棟準姐撕 ”,IS0-IEC -4. _
(請先閲讀背而之注意事項#蜞I 裝· 訂· 線- 本紙張尺度边用中Η Η家標毕(CNS) Ή規格(210x297公*) 81. 7. 20.000張(11> 243576 A 6 Π 6 經濟部屮央榣準而只工消合作社印製 五、發明説明(3) JΤ (1SC2/WG1), Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio, (¾ 影與相 W 音頻之煸碼)’MPEG 90/176 Rev.2, 1990.12.18之文獻中。此信號分層次列示 且為列示於圔1中之形式。應請瞭解者即本發明並非限制 於使用此一信號,但可班用於至少具相似格式之信號。 參考圖1,經以圓表顯示MPEG壓縮®視信號之一般形式 。此信號經配置於連續姐之圖像GOPi,各包含自影像框相 同數字之壓縮數據*圈像姐指示於指名為L1之頂行方框。 各G0P(L2)包含一首部猶以圔像數據段。G0P首部包含相鬮 於水平與垂直圖像大小、寬高比、場/框率、位元率等之 數據。 對應於分別場/框之圖像數據(L3).包含一圈像首部孅 Μ片數據(L4)。分別之片GOB i包含邮接影像區域之影像 資訊,例如各G0B包含表示16逋績水平影像線之數據。圖 像首部包含埸/框數字與圖像代碼類型。各片(L4)包含 識別其於影像中定位之首部繼Μ若干數據MB i之宏棋塊。 片首部亦包含姐數字與量化參數。 宏横塊包含部份片之影像表示數據。MPEG格式中典型之 宏模塊表示涵蓋16乘16像素矩陣之影像區域。宏椹塊實際 上由6信息姐所姐成,其中之四傳输亮度資訊而其二則傳 输色度資訊。各四亮度信息姐表示8乘8像素之矩陣或四分 之一之16乘16矩陣。各色度信息姐為8乘8之矩陣表示完整 之16乘16像素矩陣。分別之信息姐包含自分別之像素數據 所產生之不連續餘弦轉變(DCT)係數。例如•自8乘8像 5
(請先閲讀背而之注意事項再填I 裝· 訂- 線· 本紙張尺卑边用中B1B家《UMCNS)T4規格(210X297公;4t)
81. 7. 20.000* (ID 243576 Λ 6η 6 經液部+央標準而贝工消Λ·*合作社印製 五、發明説明(与) 素矩陣所產生之各亮度信息姐可包含多至8乘8或6 4DCT係 數。一係數傳输直流或平均亮度資訊,而各餘下之係數則 傅输相關不同影像空間頻譜之資訊。諸係數係Κ特定次序 配置Μ直流係數為第一而餘下之係數則係Μ譜之重要性排 列次序。若干影像包含小细節而導致若干DCT係數為零 值。於分別信息姐中偽數之層次中,所有嫌以最後非零值 係數之零值係數均自信息姐數據刪除,而信息姐代碼之结 束(ΕΟΒ)則係在最後非零值係數後插入。此外在最後零 值係數前發生之零值係數乃為行程編碼。因而可能具少於 64係數於數據信息姐中。 各宏模塊MBi (L5)包含一首都繼Μ移動向量與編碼係 數。此MB i首部包含宏横塊位址。宏模塊類型與最化參數 。編碼係數經列示於層次L6。包含DC T係數與首部數據之 大多數歟據乃為可變長度之編碼。此外,一些諸如DC DCT係數與移動向量之數據則為DC PM編碼。 示於圖1之數據典型為受搬動Μ減緩信息姐誤差之影響 ,及重姐格式為固定數目位元姐之输送包以供於接收機之 同步。此外,數據之输送包乃Μ例如李德-索羅門 Reed-Sol oman編碼器,與所附之奇偶核對位元加以誤差編 碼。 圖2列示HDTV之一般形式。廣播之HDTV信號經由天線9接 收並施加至調諧解碼器10。調諧解碼器之输出為數位位元 流施加至正向誤差改正器與重姐器11。此正向誤差改正器 與重姐器11例如包含:李德-索羅門誤差改正器K偵測及 ___________ 6 _ (請先閲讀背而之注意事項孙填^/. 裝. 订- 線- 本紙張尺度遑用中a B家楳毕(CNS)T4規格(210><25)7公放) 81, 7. 20,000张(11) 243576 Λ 6 Π 6 經濟部屮央標準局sc工消<ϊ·合作社印51 五、發明説明(5 ) 改正信號傳输期間所發生之數據誤差,以及提供反相數據 搬動之裝置。誤差改正,重姐之數據施加至元件12Κ分解 傳输包格式,置定數據於列示於圃1之一般序列。誤差改 正*重姐與解包功能係Μ不同之序列發生,此序列乃為》 施於發射櫬之相對功能之反相次序。 重姐格式之數據施加至可變長度解碼器13*其中可變長 度編碼之數據得以解碼及任何行程编碼之數據亦予解碼。 經解碼之數據施加至減壓縮器14Μ轉變烴壓縮之影像數據 為光柵像素數據並施加至像素數據至影像存儲器或VRAM。 VRAM中之像素數據其後施加至顯示裝置、記錄器或其它視 頻信號使用裝置。 圖3列示範例性減®縮裝置經配置Μ處理視頻數據於具 MPEG特徵之格式。圖3之糸统類似於廣範圍已知之移動補 償預示視頻解碼器Μ故於此並不提供詳细之說明。於圖3 中•由可變長度解碼器300所提供之數據施加至減壓縮控 制器302。併含於此控制器者及為反相DP CM編碼器306 Α與 306B控制器302自壓縮視頻數據抽取首部數據以制定其減 壓縮序列之程式。典型上此控制器為一狀態機器制定程式 Μ實施受包含於首部數據之某些變數所支配之特定之例行 程序。 控制器302指引係數數據經由反相DPCM牖碼器306Α,其 中適當之碼字元乃按需要Μ未改變或已解碼通過。移動向 量數據經指示經由反相DPCM編碼器306Β,其中諸向量經已 解碼。解碼之移動向量耦合至移動補償預示器304,而係 7 (請先閲讀背而之注意事項#项 裝· 订· 線. 本紙張足度遑用中Η困家猱毕(CNS)T4規格(2丨0X25)7公*) 81. 7. 20.000iMH) 243576 Λ 6η 6 經濟部中央橾準局只工消赀合作社印製 五、發明説明(6 ) 數則耦合至反相DCT裝置或IDCT 310。響應係數信息姐之 IDCT裝置產生8乘8像素資訊矩陣乃以既定之次序施加至加 法器312。自加法器312之轤出數據對應於滅壓縮之像素值 。諸值输入至顯示存儲器(VRAM) 318·自此諸值可施加 至顯示裝置。自加法器312之输出值亦施加至一對嫒衝存 儲器或VRAM 314與316。存儲器314與316各具充份之容童 儲存一影像框之像素數據。VRAM 314與316烴耦合至預 示器30.4。響應移動向量之預示器304乃自VRAM 314、316 或二者存取適當之8乘8信息姐之像素數據並將之施加至加 法器312 〇 概言之•於MPEG類型之糸統中,表示既定框之數據乃為 框内編碼,而表示其餘框之數據則靥框間編碼。表示框内 編碼諸框之數據係藉刺分像素值為分別之8乘8信息姐Μ及 實施DCT於像素數據而產生。而另一方面,表示框間編碼 諸框之數據則係藉預計自前框、後框或二者之影像框而產 生;Μ決定預計與實際框間之差(剌餘);Μ及實施DCT 於8乘8信息姐之剌餘數據。框内DCT係數表示影像數據, 而框間DC Τ係數則表示框差數據。無移動向量乃為框内編 碼之諸框而產生。為框間編碼諸框之移勖向量乃為碼字元 係識別預示框即自此產生之框中8乘8信息姐之像素,以閉 塞最密接匹配當前處理中之信息姐於當前煽碼之框中。至 闞MPEG類型煽碼/解碼程序之較詳细之解說,謓者諸者應 指向美國專利H0.(申請序號661,993於1991.2.27提出申請 8 81. 7. 20,000張(II)
(請先閲讀背而之注意事項再填1 W 243576 Λ 6η 6 經濟部屮央楳準妁员工消费合作社印级 五、發明説明(7 ) 現再次參考圖3·當框内級碼諸框受處理時·預示器 304經制定施加零值至加法器312。由IDCT 310所提供之反 相DCT處理之數據係對應於信息姐之像素值。諸值由加法 器312以未改變而通過•及加載於VRAM 318以供顯示,以 及加載於VRAM 314或316之一 Μ供用於預示其後之框。緊 在I框之解碼後,對應於在I框後發生既定數量之框之框 間編碼框(Ρ)乃自可變長度解碼器出現。此Ρ框於編碼 器係自前I框所預示。Μ故Ρ框之DCT係數係表示剌餘· 而當加入經解碼I框之像素值時,即行產生當前Ρ框之像 素值。一俟解碼Ρ框時,IDCT 310即提供解碼剌餘值至加 法器312·而響應移動向量之預示器30 4乃自VRAM存取I框 對應信息姐之像素值,並Μ適當之次序將其施加至加法器 312。由加法器提供之和即為此Ρ框之像素值。諸像素值 經加載至顯示RAM 318,及加載至並未儲存解碼I框像素 值之VRAM 314或316之一。 陲P框之解碼後 > 乃提供通常發生於I與P框中間之編 碼之框(B框),諸框業經框間編碼K故乃Μ相似於P框 之方式解碼。然而,解碼之Β框數據並未儲存於VRAM 314與316,蓋因B框數據並未用Μ預示其它之框。 圖4列示本發明之第一具體實施例。圖4包含以簡化形式 之一部份圖3之相關裝置•以及Μ相同之数字指名圖4之元 件因與圖3之元件相同。於圖4中,二維次之十去一器311 桊經交置於IDCT 310與加法器312之間。十去一器311包含 一副取樣器以消除例如隔行之值以及由IDCT所提供其餘行 _ . _ (請先閲讀背而之注意事項再填寫f 裝· 訂· 線. 本紙張尺度边用中國國家榣毕(CNS)規格(210X297公;¢) 81. 7. 20.00〇Λ (II) 243576 Λ 6η 6
經濟部屮央楳準局B:工消作合作社印M 五、發明説明(8) 像素矩陣之每隔一值(像素值或像素剌餘)·Κ因素4而 減少像素數據點。副取樣可配置以消除垂直對準之像素數 據或依據梅花點格式提供較高效益解析度於縮減之數據中 。十去一器可包含低通濾波器Μ排除由於副取樣過程之混 淆。其它副取樣之格式亦可使用。然而,倘副取樣僅藉脫 落像素值實施時,則副取樣之因素乃限制於二次方。而於 另一方面,倘副取樣係由交置實施時*則可容纳廣選擇範 圍之十去一因素。 由於數據業Μ因數4縮滅,放緩衡器或VRAM存儲器之容 量乃Μ相對於圖3裝置Μ因素4縮減。示於圖4中之VRAM 315 —般乃為示於圖3中之存儲器元件314與316之形式。然 而請注意即縱令於圖3中*兩存儲器部段314與316仍可藉 單項存儲器元件或多項存儲器元件實現。 隨十去一器311後電路之速度需求亦同樣減少。預示器 304’不同於圖3中之預示器304,於绺應於移動向量之預示 器304’係自存儲器存取例如4乘4而非8乘8之矩陣之像素值 。另外之差別乃在於定址之结構。通常預示器產生位址’ 或至少起動位址Μ存取藉移動向量所識別之矩陣像素。減 少大小之VRAM不具位址所在(因而諸位址)對應於由移 動向量所表示之所有可能之位址。然而對較大存儲器之结 構此可藉產生位址於(但僅使用產生位址之較有效之位元 )於預示器中而調逋。對數據經因數二而十去一於水平與 垂直二方向處之例而言.,此势必施加除於垂直與水平位址 值之最低有效位元以外之所有位元至VRAM位址匯流排。另 (請先閲讀背而之注意事項孙構1 裝. 訂- 線- 本紙張尺度边用中國B家楳準(CNS) Ή規格(210x297公;《:) 81. 7. 20,000张(II) 第81107088號專利申請茱 書修正頁(84年1月) A7 B7
經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(^) 一方面-,移動向貴乃如由截除元件3 0 7所截除之在拖加前 加Μ栽除 圖5列示產生超越圖4具體賁铟洌之改良影像之另一具體 實拖洌。此項改良(糸導因於滢點乃取自缌移動向暈而非截 除之移動向最或歃除存儲位址對V R A Μ 31 5之影響,於圖5 中,插入器3 1 9插入於V R A Μ 3 1 5與預示器3 0 4之間。此外, 相似於十去一器3 11之二維十去一器31 3經插入於-預示器 3 0 4與加法器31 2之間。插入器31 9接納自V R A Μ 31 5 1*1息組 之數據而產生8乘8信息组耦合至預示器。預示器耦合此8 昏一-· 一 乘8倍息組之數撺至十去一器31 3經副取樣數撺回降至4乘 4信息組之數據而與自十去一器3 1 1施加至加法器之數據格 式相R。 為瞭解此過程之如何改良影像重结構精確度起見,請參 考圖5與β。圖6表示由插入器31 9所賞施之演蓴法。對此一 範冽性之演簞法,Η假定為5乘飞而非4乘4之信息姐之數據 係自V R A Μ 3丨5存取。存取經截除位址之4乘4信息組之數據 係包含於自V R A Μ存取之上左邊角之5乘5信息姐。自存儲器 存取之5乘5信息組之數據係由空圓圈表示於圖6。黑色菱 形則表示插入之值。此插入之值可由任一已知之二維次插 入技術產生。例如,於偶數行R0、R 2、R 4與R 6之插人值可 藉平均插入值配置於其間之兩值而產生。而於奇數行之插 入值則可藉平均在分別之插入值之上、下值而產生。示於 圖6中諸值之矩陣係由9行與9列姐成。插入器提供8行與δ -列之矩陣至預示器3 0 4。Κ故 > 具有數據選擇之可能性。 -11 - 本紙張尺度逋用+國國家搮準(CNS > Μ规格(210X297公釐) 83.3. 10,000 「丨裝---^--1.—訂-----^丨線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填^本頁) 第8U07088號專利申請案 中文說明書修正頁(8 4年1月) Α7 Β7 經濟部中央橾準局負工消费合作杜印製 ((ύ) 於此實-洌中,此選擇除由湏示器所產生起動點泣址之最小 有效位元L S B所決定W目V R A Μ 31 5存取信息組之數撺:倘 垂直位址之L S Β為偶數或1輯零時,則由插入器之矩陣輸 出包含R ϋ ~ R 7行。而倘垂直位址之LSB為奇數或邏輯一時 ,則矩陣輸出包含行R 1 - R 8。同樣,倘水平或列泣址之 L S Β為隅數(奇數)時,則矩陣瑜出包含列C 0 — C 7 ( C 1 — C8 )。於十去一之領域中,交替矩陣Ζ選擇(柢對由行及 /或列所位移 > ,於重结構縮減解析度影像之精確度中提 供半像素之改良(就關副取樣之影像而言)。 — — 交转之插_入器裝置可用怍元件3丨9 ·此装置可決足自 V R A Μ 31 5存取之矩陣之大小(例如;4 X 4、5 X 5、(5 X 6 ) 圖5之具體實捆洌具減少存儲器,梢增強解析度與舒減 對繼十去一器3丨1後電路元件計蓴速度之需求。 圖7列示相似於圖5具體實ίΤ例之另一具體實拖例' *其中 提供半像素解析度之擴增。此圖7装置具十去一器3 1 1移動 至連接於加法器:Π 2之_出與至V R A Μ之输入之間。此乃消 除於預示器304與加法器312間十去一器之必要,故而具較 圖5装置為少之硬體密度。然而,於此具體實施例中,加 法器乃需實施每信息组8乘8或64之加法而非每信息姐4乘 4或1 6之加法。其餘之電路乃如對應於圖5之霄路之相同之 方式操作。 圖7霄_路上之愛動可藉連接V R A Μ 3 1 5直接至預示器3 0 4 ” 以及插人插人器319於預示器304”與加法器312間而實現。 -12 - 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家揉率(CNS ) Α4规格(210X297公釐〉 83. 3. 10,000 「 芽-----.— 1-----^ I餐 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填¾本頁) 243576 A 6 Π 6 經濟部+央標準屈只工消赀合作社印Μ 五、發明説明(1 1) 圔8列示較佳之具體實施例•此非惟實現縮減VRAM之大 小,抑且減少IDCT 320之複雜性。於圖8之裝置中,像素 矩陣之十去一係直接實施於IJ5CT 320。亦即,IDCT提供 十去一信息姐之像素值至加法器312,而結果其餘之電路 乃相似似於圓5裝置配置與操作。提供至IDCT 320之數據 乃為表示由8乘8像素矩陣所表示之影像區域之空間頻譜之 一序列之係數。於此實施中,對分別影像區域之分別之頻 譜視影像之内涵而言係由達64係數表示。倘提供至IDCT之 係數數量舒減時,則由IDCT之像素矩陣输出所表示影像區 域之空間解析度亦皤之而舒減。由於空間解析度經己縮減 ,故影像區域可在不致進而影響影像品質之情況下乃Μ較 少數之像素表示之。倘影像區域可Μ較少像素表示時,則 IDCT可經配置以計算較少之输出值。 假定圖8之糸統Μ因素2於垂直與水平二方向提供對應於 發射資訊之十去一之影像時,則IDCT 320乃纆配置Μ計算 自输入偽數之8乘8矩陣之4乘4矩陣之輸人值。此即平移為 重大硬體之節省於IDCTM及降低IDCT操作之必要之速度。 IDCT 320係Μ選自發射係數之8乘8矩陣之4乘4係數矩陣提 供。此4乘4係數矩陣之選擇係藉示於圖8中之係數墟蔽裝 置308完成。此元件308係Μ具8剌8之諸點之矩陣框列示。 各點表示一係数。諸點之陰影部份乃謂指示丢棄或並未施 加至IDCT之係數。各係數對影像重结構之重要性即為巳知 之優先項。Μ故,設計人可自由選擇其視為最有利於影像 重現之諸係數Μ供處理。於摞值之MPEG信號格式中,係數 (請先閲讀背而之注意事項#填寫f 裝· 訂- 線· 本紙張尺度边用中Η Η家標毕(CNS) ΤΊ規格(2丨0X29·/公;Ϊ) 81 _ 7. 20.000张(11} 243576 Λ 6 Π 6 經濟部屮央榣準;貝工消仰合作杜印製 五、發明説明(〗2) 出現於頻譜之下降次序,而就Μ列示之矩陣而言則Μ"之 ”字形之配置出現。因此,於最簡單之例中*吾人僅需選 擇對各影像區域所發射之首先16係數。 圖8裝置中之十去一制係有效實拖於頻率領域,因而, 除如十去一器313需要外|無需反混淆濾波器。 遮蔽功能如由圖9中增加之元件301所指示,可實施於減 壓縮控制器302 (圖3)。’注意,元件301為一獨特之硬體 裝置,或其功能可定程式於控制器302中。迪蔽程序乃藉 圖10中之流程表列示。 遮蔽功能乃為監視既有數據及選擇其既定部份之一。假 定數據係於MPEG之格式,則其乃如指示於圖1之層次化。 此數據包含首部數據往下至信息姐之位準。所有之首部數 據均鼷減壓縮控制器之所需· Μ故元件301經制定通過所 有首部數據。於信息姐位準,數據包含DCT係數或Ε0Β代碼 。視影像之内涵而定*各信息姐包含自一至64係數,含最 後非零係數繼以Ε0Β代碼。倘信息姐包含超過16係數時, 則裝置301乃通過首先之16係數,而後Ε0Β代碼,Μ及丟棄 包含於信息姐中之隨後之係數。信息姐之结尾係於原Ε0Β 代碼出現時認知。於此點,次一連績信息姐之数據開始而 首先16係數乃經選擇,餘此類推。 現參考圖10,自解碼器300之數據經已獲得(80)並加 檢驗(81)。倘数據為首部數據時,則其繼續通過至控制 器302,而計算(84)即重置至零。倘數據並非為首部数 據時,則經檢驗(83)以決定其是否為係數數據。倘其為 __ Η _ (請先閲讀背IIU之注意事項再项A,' 裝· 訂· -線- 本紙张尺度边用中困闽家榣毕(CNS)T4規怙(2]0Χ297公;¢) 81. 7. 20.000iMII) <43576___y_ 五、發明説明(1;5) 非係數數據時(例如,其為移動向量數據等),則其通過 至控制器302。倘其為係數數據時,則計數值即行增加( 84) °計数值經檢驗K及數據亦經檢驗(85)以決定其是 否為E0B代碼。倘計數值大於N時(於此例中N = 16), 則數據即行丟棄(86)直至Ε0Β出現(亦予丟棄,蓋因其 為超餘之數據)。倘計數值小於N時•則數據乃烴檢驗( 88) Μ決定其是否為E0B。倘其為非E0B時,則其通過( 87)至控制器而次一數據字元即行檢驗(81)。倘其為 EOB Μ示信息姐中所有餘下之係數為零值時,則Ε0Β通過至 控制器302而計數即重置至零(89) Μ備次一連纜信息姐 之數據之數據開始。倘於步驟(89)計數值等於Ν時·則 導致記數增加至Ν之數據字元乃Μ Ε0Β所取代。 圖8Α、8Β與8C示係數數據之可能交替之遮蔽功能。圖 8C之遮蔽功能導致空間頻率之響應於垂直與水平不同之維 次。此一遮蔽功能可用於例如4乘3影像之轉換為16乘9影 像之例中。 Μ上說明經使用十去一因素2於水平及垂直維次中,然 (請先閲讀背而之注意事項#墦 裝· 訂· 線- 言 而 般
經濟部屮央榣準局β工消你合作社印M 少 極 則 端 -極 2011 素姐 因一 於用 限使 侷可 非均 並素 明因 發一 本去 而十 何 任 之 A 至 8!. 7. 20,000^(1!) 本紙張尺度边用中Η因家標iMCNS)*H規怙(210x29/公;!ί:;

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  1. 第811070$號專利申請案 丨 H丨 中f碧圃修E本(84年1月)H ^ ’ Ni __ρ8 :…—-m;_ 六、申請專利範圍 1 . 一-補將出現於瑰之涇壓縮視頻資料予以解壓縮之装置,該 等塊係Μ —第一空間解析度代表連湞框之各別影像區域以 產生代表具有低於第一空間解析度之第二空間解析度的對 應影像區域之解壓縮視頻信號,該視頻資料塊包含代表Μ 乘Ν個像素值矩陣之Μ乘Ν個轉換係數之矩陣,及包含具 有一至少専於該像素第一空間解析度之空間解析度之移動 向最,該装置包含: 一 一 Μ乘Ν個轉換係數矩陣之塊源; 包含反轉換装置之装置,以響應於該Μ乘Ν個轉換係 一 一 塊,俾..產生對應之S乘R矩陣之值(Μ · Ν ,S ,R為整 數,且Μ乘Μ > S乘R ) ; 包含移動補償預測器之装置K W應於該S乘R矩陣之值 及該移動向最俾產生代表具有第二空間解析度的各別影像 區域之S乘R矩陣像素值,該移動補償預測器包含本質上 符合移動向最之空間解柝'度及該S乘R矩陣值之装置;Μ 及 儲存各別S乘R矩陣之像素值之記憶器裝置。 2 . 根據申請專利範圍第1項之將出現於塊之經壓縮視頻資枓 予Κ解壓縮之装置,其中該將各別資料塊解壓縮之装置包 含: 45濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 1^1 m* 1^1 In 1^1 HI 1^1 n _^i - (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫木頁) k-線 一第一除十器(d e c i m a t 〇 r ),具有输人端Μ接收該壓縮 視頻資料塊且具有一輸出端,該第一除十器自Μ乘Μ矩陣 之壓縮視頻信號值提供Ν乘Ν矩陣之壓縮視頻信號值; - 合計装置,具有一耦合至該第一除十器之输出端之第一 本紙伕尺度適用中國國家櫺隼(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 呼濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印袈 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 輸·入端’具有一第二輸入端,以及具有一耦合至該記憶器 装置z輸出端; 插入裝置,具有一耦合至該記憶器装置之输入端及具有 一输出端,用W從該記憶器装置存取之N乘N矩陣之像素 值產生Μ乘Μ矩陣之像素值; 一裩頻信號移動補償預測器,具有耦合至該插入装置綸 出端之輸入端,且具有一镝出端;Κ及 _ 一耦合於該視頻信號移動補償預測器及該合計装置之第 二輸人端之間之第二除十器,用Κ由該視頻信號移動補(官 一- _* — _ 歒d供之Μ乘Μ矩陣之像素值產生 Ν乘Ν矩陣之像素值。 3 . 根撺申請專利範園第1項之將出琨於塊之經颳縮視頻資料 予Κ解壓縮之装置,其中該用Μ解壓縮各別資料塊之装置 包含: 合計裝置,具有一耦合'>)、接收該壓縮視頻資料塊之第一 輸入端,具有一第二输入端,以及具有一输出端; 一除十器,具有一耦合至該合計裝置之输出端之输人端 ,及具有一耦合至該記憶器装置之输人端之输出端,該除 十器係用以由該合計装置所提供之Μ乘Μ矩陣之值提供Ν 乘Ν矩陣之值; 插入装置,具有一耦合至該記憶器装置之輸入端及一输 出端,用以將由該記憶器装置所存取之Ν乘Ν矩陣之像素 值產生Μ乘Μ矩陣之像素值; - 一視頻信號移動補償預測器,具有耦合至該插入裝置之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家櫺準(CNS > Α4現格(210X297公釐) -------^ —裝------訂-----^ 丨線 - (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ABCD 243576 六、申請專利範圍. _-出端之一輸人端,及具有一至該合計装置之第二输入端 之一输出端。 4 . 根撺申請專利範圍第1項之將出現於塊之經壓縮視頻資料 予Μ解壓縮之裝置,其中該用以解壓縮各別資料塊之装置 包含有: 合計裝置,具有耦合以接收該壓縮視頻資料塊之一第一 输入端,具有一第二輸入端,及具有一輸出_端; 一除十器,具有一耦合至該合計裝置之输出端之一输入 端,及具有一耦合至該記憶器裝置之一铕入端之一输出^ __· — ,該除..+器係用Κ由該合計装置所提供之Μ乘Μ矩陣之值 提供Ν乘Ν矩陣之值; 一視頻信號移動補儐預測器,具有耦合至該記憶器装置 之一_人端,及具有一輸出端:以及 插人裝置,具有一耦合至該視頻信號移動補丨寅預測器之 輸出端之一输入端,及具有一耦合至該合計装置之第二瑜 入端之一輸出端,用Κ由該視頻信號移動補償預測器所提 供Ν乘Ν矩陣之像素值提供Μ乘Μ矩陣之像素值。 5 . 根撺申請專利範圍第1項之將出現於塊之經壓縮視頻資料 予Μ解壓縮之装置*其中該裝置包含一移動補(寅預測器, 更包含: 合計装置*具有耦合至該反轉換装置之一第一输入端, 具有一耦合至該移動補償預測器之输出端之一第二输入端 ,及具有一耦合至該記憶器装置之一输出端。 -6 - 根據申請專利範園第1項之將出現於塊之經壓縮視頻資料 本紙张尺度適用中國國家榡準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公簾) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 *-» 4ί濟部中央標準局負工消费合作社印製 經濟部中央標準局負工消f合作社印裝 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 予-以解懕縮之装置,其中該包含一移動補償預測器之裝置 *更包含有: 與該移動補償預測器有關之插入装置,用以由該記憶器 装置所存取之S乘R矩陣之像素值產生Μ乘N矩陣之像素 值° 7 · 根撺申請專利範園第6項之將出現於塊之經壓縮視頻資料 予Κ解壓縮之装置,其中該包含一視頻信敗移動補償預測 器之装置《更包含有: r 一耦合於該視頻信號移動補ί寅預測器及該合計装置之_第 二輸入j端間之除十器,Κ提供S乘R矩陣之像素值至該合 計裝置。 8 · 根撺申請專利範園第6項之將出琨於塊之經壓縮視頻資料 予Κ解壓縮之装置,其中該移動向最耦合至該移動補償預 測器,用W將該移動補演預測器設定條件Κ產生記憶器讀 取位址μ存取各別之矩陣''像素值,a該記憶器_取位址之 最小有效位元被耦合Μ控制該插入裝置。 9 . 根據申請專利範圍第1項之將出現於塊之經壓縮視頻資料 予Κ解壓縮之装置,其中該包含反轉換装置之装置,更包 含: . 遮蔽装置,耦合至該Μ乘Ν矩陣之轉換係數的塊之來减 *以供給僅S乘R係數至該反轉換装置;以及 其中該反轉換装置係配置Μ處埋S乘R係數Κ提供S乘 R轉換值。 -1 〇 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之將出琨於塊之經壓縮視頻資料 本紙张尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS > A4規格(2丨0X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本f ) 装. 」丨 243576 A8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 包反 係轉 更 該N之 , 至 乘 陣 置 塊 Μ 矩 装的應 Ν 之 數 對 乘 置係予Μ-裝 換值將 換轉換W 轉 之轉置 反 陣 之 装 含矩 陣換。 包 Ν 矩 轉值 該乘 Ν 反陣 中 Μ 中乘 該矩 其 供其Μ至 R , 提且供 合乘 置 以;提 耦 S 装 源置置 ,該 之 來装装 置至 縮 該之換 装10 0 至置轉及器 Κ 解 合装反;十除 -Μ:耦換該塊除值 ff 含轉數 換 -------f I裝--^----訂-----^-線 - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 蚜濟部中夬標準局員工消f合作社印製 本紙张尺度適用中國國家標隼(CNS > A4«L格(2丨0X297公釐)
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