TW202332524A - 使用焊料回焊爐的方法以及處理爐之使用方法 - Google Patents

使用焊料回焊爐的方法以及處理爐之使用方法 Download PDF

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TW202332524A
TW202332524A TW111127807A TW111127807A TW202332524A TW 202332524 A TW202332524 A TW 202332524A TW 111127807 A TW111127807 A TW 111127807A TW 111127807 A TW111127807 A TW 111127807A TW 202332524 A TW202332524 A TW 202332524A
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Prior art keywords
chamber
temperature
substrate
formic acid
wafer
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TW111127807A
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TWI835218B (zh
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荆雷
M 齊烏爾 卡里姆
肯尼斯 索特
康 宋
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美商易爾德工程系統股份有限公司
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Priority claimed from US17/463,012 external-priority patent/US11296049B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/008Soldering within a furnace
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/012Soldering with the use of hot gas
    • B23K1/015Vapour-condensation soldering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本發明提供一種使用焊料回焊爐的方法,可包含將包含焊料的至少一個基底安置於爐的腔室中。方法可包含將腔室的壓力減小至約0.1托至50托之間的第一壓力。在減小腔室的壓力之後,至少一個基底的溫度可增加至第一溫度。可准許甲酸蒸氣進入至少一個基底上方的腔室,同時將氮氣排放至至少一個基底下方的腔室中。方法亦可包含自殼體移除甲酸蒸氣的至少一部分。在移除步驟之後,至少一個基底的溫度可進一步增加至高於第一溫度的第二溫度。可將至少一個基底維持在第二溫度下持續第一時間。且接著,可冷卻至少一個基底。

Description

處理爐之使用方法
[相關申請案的交叉參考] 本申請案為2021年8月31日申請的美國專利申請案第17/463,012號的部分接續申請案,所述申請案以全文引用的方式併入本文中。
本揭露是關於一種使用處理爐的方法。
對較小且較便宜的電子裝置的驅動推動了先進半導體封裝技術的發展。半導體封裝技術使用焊點來形成若干界面。舉例而言,在一些電子封裝中,使用焊料(稱作線接合)或倒裝晶片焊料凸塊(稱作受控塌陷晶片或C4連接)附接的電線用於將半導體晶粒(或IC晶片)電連接(即,互連)至基底。在一些情況下,亦可使用焊點或焊料凸塊(稱作球狀柵格陣列連接)將晶粒基底總成互連至其他基底或插入件(例如,印刷電路板等)。為了形成此類互連,將焊料材料回焊以完成互連。
習知地,焊料回焊藉由使總成(晶粒基底總成、晶圓等)穿過批量回焊爐來實現,其中總成穿過輸送帶上的爐的不同區域。不同區域較佳維持在不同溫度下。當總成穿過不同區域時,將其加熱及冷卻以使得總成經受回焊溫度曲線。亦可在一或多個區域處將大氣壓下的化學品蒸氣(例如,焊劑蒸氣)引入至爐中以協助回焊製程。在大氣壓力下引入用於焊料回焊的化學品蒸氣對於較小焊料幾何結構而言並非為最佳的,此是因為大氣壓可向化學品蒸氣壓力提供競爭力且阻止蒸氣在回焊期間到達焊料凸塊的所有區域。因此,可降低焊料良率。隨著半導體技術的發展,焊料凸塊對於批量熱回焊系統變得過小而不能達成所要焊料良率。裝置上的較小焊料凸塊需要較精確熱處理控制及化學品蒸氣遞送以實現以高良率進行回焊。本揭露的處理爐及焊料回焊方法可緩解上述問題中的一或多者。
揭露了焊料回焊爐(或處理爐)及使用所述爐的方法的若干實施例。應理解,前述一般描述及以下詳細描述僅為例示性及解釋性的。因此,本揭露的範疇不僅限於所揭露實施例。實際上,意欲將此類替代例、修改以及等效物涵蓋於所揭露實施例的精神及範疇內。所屬領域中具通常知識者應理解在不脫離本揭露的精神及範疇的情況下可如何對所揭露實施例進行各種改變、取代以及更改。
在一個態樣中,揭露了一種使用焊料回焊爐的方法。方法可包含將包含焊料的至少一個基底安置於爐的腔室中。方法亦可包含將腔室的壓力減小至約0.1托至50托之間的第一壓力。在減小腔室的壓力之後,至少一個基底的溫度可增加至第一溫度。可准許甲酸蒸氣進入至少一個基底上方的腔室,同時准許氮氣進入至少一個基底下方的腔室。方法亦可包含自殼體移除甲酸蒸氣的至少一部分。在移除步驟之後,至少一個基底的溫度可進一步增加至高於第一溫度的第二溫度。可將至少一個基底維持在第二溫度下持續第一時間。且接著,可冷卻至少一個基底。
爐的各種實施例可替代地或另外包含以下特徵中的一或多者:增加溫度可包含使用安置於至少一個基底上方的腔室中的燈總成(lamp assembly)來增加至少一個基底的溫度;進一步增加溫度可包含使用安置於至少一個基底上方的腔室中的燈總成來進一步增加至少一個基底的溫度;增加溫度可包含將至少一個基底的溫度增加至約150℃至180℃之間的溫度;進一步增加溫度可包含將至少一個基底的溫度增加至約220℃至250℃之間的溫度;准許甲酸蒸氣進入腔室可包含准許甲酸濃度在約3重量%至15重量%之間的甲酸蒸氣進入腔室;准許甲酸蒸氣進入腔室可包含准許甲酸蒸氣自經調適以改變甲酸蒸氣中的甲酸的濃度的源進入腔室;准許甲酸蒸氣進入腔室可包含准許甲酸蒸氣自起泡器進入腔室;冷卻至少一個基底可包含將至少一個基底冷卻至約15℃至30℃之間的溫度。
爐的各種實施例可替代地或另外包含以下特徵中的一或多者:第一時間在約0.5分鐘至4分鐘之間;准許甲酸蒸氣進入腔室可包含在至少一個基底在腔室中旋轉的同時准許甲酸蒸氣進入腔室;方法可更包含:在增加至少一個基底的溫度之後及在准許甲酸蒸氣進入腔室之前使腔室中的至少一個基底下降至配料區域;冷卻至少一個基底可包含使腔室中的至少一個基底下降以接觸腔室的冷板;方法可更包含:引導液體冷卻劑通過冷板以幫助冷卻至少一個基底;冷卻至少一個基底可包含使腔室中的至少一個基底下降至腔室的冷卻區域,及在至少一個基底上引導惰性氣體以幫助冷卻至少一個基底;准許甲酸蒸氣進入腔室可包含准許甲酸蒸氣經由靠近腔室的頂表面定位的化學品遞送管進入腔室;且化學品遞送管可包括以下中的一者:(i)自腔室的一側朝向腔室的中心延伸的直管;(ii)包含一或多個成角度部分的管;或(iii)T形管。
所有相對術語,諸如「約」、「實質上」、「大致」等指示±10%的可能變化(除非另外說明,或規定了另一變化形式)。舉例而言,經揭露為約「t」單位長(寬、厚等)的特徵的長度可在自(t−0.1t)單位至(t+0.1t)單位變化。類似地,在約100℃至150℃範圍內的溫度可為(100%-10%)與(150%+10%)之間的任何溫度。在一些情況下,本說明書亦將上下文提供至所使用的相對術語中的一些。舉例而言,描述為實質上圓形或實質上圓柱形的結構可與完全圓形或圓柱形略有偏差(例如,在不同位置處直徑有10%變化,等)。此外,描述為自5至10(5-10)變化或在5至10之間變化的範圍包含端點(亦即,5及10)。
除非另外定義,否則本文中所使用的所有技術術語、標記以及其他科學術語具有與本揭露所屬領域中具通常知識者通常所理解相同的含義。所屬領域中具通常知識者充分理解且通常使用習知方法論來使用本文中所描述或參考的組件、結構及/或製程中的一些。因此,將不詳細描述此等組件、結構以及製程。本文中所指的以引用的方式併入的所有專利、申請案、公開申請案以及其他公開案均以全文引用的方式併入。若本揭露中所闡述的定義或描述與此等參考案中的定義及/或描述相反或以其他方式不一致,則本揭露中所闡述的定義及/或描述對以引用的方式併入的參考案中的彼等定義及/或描述進行控制。本文中所描述或參考的參考案均不承認為本揭露的先前技術。
圖1A為本揭露的例示性處理爐(爐100)的側視圖,且圖1B為所述爐的透視圖。處理爐100可用於使任何類型的樣品經歷任何溫度製程,諸如例如焊料回焊製程。在以下論述中,將就其較佳用作焊料回焊爐而言描述處理爐100。然而,此用途僅為例示性及說明性的,且並非要求。爐100可用於任何其他適當的應用。
爐100包含處理腔室40,所述處理腔室40經組態以收納一或多個基底(例如,晶圓、有機/陶瓷基底、半導體封裝、印刷電路板(printed circuit board;PCB)等),且經調適以使一或多個基底經受高溫處理。出於簡潔起見,在以下論述中,其頂表面上具有焊料的半導體晶圓(參見圖2)將描述為在爐100中經受例示性焊料回焊製程的基底。在以下論述中對單個晶圓的參考僅為例示性的。一般而言,可在爐100中處理任何數目及類型的基底(如上文所描述),且可將任何大小的基底(例如,200毫米晶圓、300毫米晶圓等)收納於腔室40中。
圖2示出可收納於腔室40中且經受回焊製程的例示性半導體晶圓10。如所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到,在積體電路處理之後,晶圓10包含多個晶粒(或IC晶片),且可將焊料材料沈積於晶圓10中的多個晶粒的I/O墊上。在將晶圓10切割成個別晶粒之前,晶圓10可在爐100中經受回焊製程以在其上形成焊料凸塊12(稱作晶圓凸起)。可將任何類型的焊料材料(無鉛焊料、鉛焊料等)沈積在晶圓10上,且晶圓10可經受任何類型的回焊製程或回焊輪廓。所屬領域中具有通常知識者將認識到,晶圓10所經受的回焊製程可取決於沈積於晶圓10上的焊料材料的類型。不同類型的焊料材料的適合回焊輪廓可在發佈文獻中獲得且可自焊料供應商獲得。
圖3示出可應用於腔室40中的晶圓10的例示性回焊溫度曲線。在圖3中,X軸繪示時間(以秒為單位),且Y軸繪示溫度(以攝氏度(℃)為單位)。
機器人操作器或臂(未繪示)可經由入口42將晶圓10插入至腔室40中(參見圖1B及圖5B)。晶圓10可安置於腔室40內的可旋轉轉軸44上。圖4示出定位於腔室40(參見圖5B)內的例示性轉軸44。轉軸44可包含可自中心軸50徑向向外延伸的多個臂46A、臂46B、臂46C(例如,3個臂)。轉軸44的各個臂46A、臂46B、臂46C可包含自臂向上突起的突起部或結塊48A、突起部或結塊48B、突起部或結塊48C。晶圓10可擱置於轉軸44的結塊48A、結塊48B、結塊48C上。爐100亦包含馬達總成20,所述馬達總成20經組態以支撐且控制晶圓10在腔室40中的移動。馬達總成20可包含經組態以使轉軸44(及支撐於其上的晶圓10)在腔室40中繞其中心軸50旋轉的一個或馬達。轉軸44可以任何速度旋轉。儘管未要求,但在一些實施例中,轉軸44的轉速可在約0轉/分至20轉/分之間變化。在一些實施例中,馬達總成20可包含多個馬達。舉例而言,馬達可在腔室40內的多個豎直間隔開的區或區域之間沿著軸50(轉軸44)升高及降低旋轉晶圓的馬達,且單獨馬達可使轉軸44旋轉。爐100亦可包含具有多個燈82(參見圖5B、圖5C)的燈總成80,所述燈總成80經組態以加熱腔室40中的晶圓10的頂表面。
圖5A及圖5B說明爐100的例示性處理腔室40。如此等圖式中所示出,在一些實施例中,腔室40可具有實質上圓柱形組態。不需要實質上圓柱形形狀。一般而言,處理腔室40可具有任何形狀。在一些實施例中,腔室40可為實質上正方形、實質上矩形或具有另一形狀。在一些實施例中,如圖5B中所示出,爐100可具有附接至基座60的鉸接蓋70。然而,不需要鉸接蓋,且在一些實施例中,爐100可包含可分離蓋70。基座60及蓋70界定含有轉軸44的封閉空間或殼體66(參見圖5B)。
內部或腔室40(即,殼體66)的直徑(或寬度)可使得晶圓10可定位於殼體66中且在殼體66中(繞軸50)旋轉。腔室40及殼體66的大小取決於應用,例如,將在腔室40中進行處理的晶圓的大小。在一些實施例中,在經組態以處理300毫米晶圓的爐100及腔室40中,殼體66可具有約450毫米的直徑及約150毫米的高度。經由其將晶圓10插入至腔室40的殼體66中的入口42可界定於基座60上。在一些實施例中,閥門或蓋片可將入口42的開口密封至殼體66中,使得殼體66可泵吸降至低壓(或泵吸達至高壓)。基座60可包含一或多個氣體口62。在一些實施例中,處理氣體可經由氣體口62引導於殼體66中。在一些實施例中,真空泵可耦接至氣體口62以在殼體66中產生真空。
在一些實施例中,如圖1A中示意性地示出,起泡器300可流體耦接至氣體口62,使得由起泡器300產生的製程氣體(諸如化學品蒸氣)可經由此口引導至殼體66中。圖5D為例示性起泡器300的示意圖。起泡器300包含含有液體化學品320的封閉容器310。經由入口管330將氣體(例如,惰性氣體,諸如例如氮氣)引導至化學品320中。如圖5D中所示出,入口管330的出口開口可浸沒於儲存於起泡器300中的化學品320中,使得離開入口管330的氣體通過化學品320(或以氣泡形式通過化學品320)。由於氣體通過化學品320,因此可將含有化學品320及氣體(化學品蒸氣)的蒸氣收集於容器310中的化學品320的位準上方的空間340中。出口管350可定位於起泡器300中,使得此管350的一個末端(其入口開口的末端)安置於化學品320上方的空間340中。出口管350的相對端(出口開口的末端)可流體連接至處理腔室40的氣體口62(參見圖5B)。可控制容器310中的溫度及壓力以控制(或調節)化學品蒸氣中的化學品的濃度及化學品蒸氣的分壓。
在一些實施例中,甲酸液體可作為化學品320儲存於起泡器300中,且氮氣可經由入口管330導入以流經甲酸液體。因此,可將含有氮氣及甲酸(或甲酸蒸氣)的蒸氣收集於容器310中的液體上方的空間340中。可經由出口管350及氣體口42將此蒸氣混合物引導至處理腔室40的殼體66中。可藉由控制起泡器300(例如起泡器300的容器310中的液體甲酸)的溫度及壓力來改變離開起泡器300的甲酸蒸氣中的甲酸的濃度。替代地或另外,在一些實施例中,可藉由控制引導至起泡器300中的氮氣的溫度及壓力來改變(或調節)蒸氣中的甲酸的濃度。
圖5E為繪示蒸氣中的甲酸在不同起泡器溫度及壓力下的濃度的例示性圖表500。參考此圖表,當起泡器壓力為約200托且起泡器溫度為約45℃時,引導至處理腔室40的甲酸蒸氣中的甲酸的濃度將為約50%。且當起泡器溫度降低至約25℃時,蒸氣中的甲酸的濃度降低至約20%。可以藉由改變起泡器溫度及/或起泡器壓力的此方式來控制引導至爐100的處理腔室40的甲酸蒸氣中的甲酸的濃度。圖5E中所示出的圖表僅為例示性的。
參考圖5B,在一些實施例中,燈總成80的燈82可安置於蓋70的底面上,使得燈72在激活時加熱定位於殼體66中的晶圓10的頂表面。圖5C示出蓋70上的例示性燈總成80。一般而言,燈總成80可包含任何數目個及任何類型的燈82。在一些實施例中,燈總成80可包含4至10個紅外(infrared;IR)燈82,各燈的功率在約1千瓦至10千瓦之間,或各燈82的功率在約1.5千瓦至3千瓦(或約2千瓦)之間。在一些實施例中,如圖5C中所示出,燈總成80可包含七個鹵素燈82。燈82可經配置(例如,間隔開)以使得其均勻地加熱腔室40中的晶圓10的頂表面。在一些實施例中,如圖5C中所示出,燈82在(燈總成80的)邊緣處比在中心處更接近地配置在一起。由於邊緣效應,腔室40中的晶圓10在邊緣處比在中心處更快速地冷卻下來。邊緣處的燈82的相對間距小於中心處的相對間距可幫助實現晶圓10上的均勻溫度分佈。
燈總成80的燈82之間的間距可取決於應用(例如,晶圓及爐100的大小)。參考圖5C,在一些實施例中(例如,在經組態以處理300毫米晶圓的爐100中),燈82之間的間距可使得a 1在約10毫米至30毫米(例如,約20毫米)之間,a 2可在約40毫米至60毫米(例如,約50毫米)之間,a 3可在約60毫米至80毫米(例如,約75毫米)之間,a 4可在約40毫米至60毫米(例如,約50毫米)之間,a 5可在約40毫米至60毫米(例如,約50毫米)之間,且a 6可在約40毫米至50毫米(例如,約45毫米)之間。上述間距值僅為例示性的。一般而言,燈總成80的側面處的鄰近燈82之間的間距可小於燈總成80的中心處的間距。在一些實施例中,位於燈總成80的側面處的鄰近燈82之間的間距(例如,a 1或a 2或a 5或a 6)可在約10毫米至60毫米之間,且位於燈總成80的中心處的鄰近燈82之間的間距(例如,a 3或a 4)可大於側面處的間距且在約40毫米至80毫米之間。
在一些實施例中,燈82可由爐100的控制系統200(圖1A中示意性地示出)控制以在所選溫度升高速率(temperature ramp rate)下加熱晶圓10。舉例而言,可激活不同數目個燈82以增加或減少升溫速率。替代地或另外,在一些實施例中,可改變燈82的功率以改變殼體66中的溫度升高速率。在一些實施例中,控制系統200可基於腔室40中的所偵測溫度(例如,使用反饋迴路)而控制燈82的功率。舉例而言,當腔室40中的熱電偶(或高溫計或另一溫度偵測感測器)指示晶圓的溫度低於所需值時,控制系統200可增加燈82的功率。在一些實施例中,當熱電偶指示晶圓中的溫度變化高於臨限值(例如,晶圓的邊緣處的溫度低於中心處的溫度等)時,控制系統200可改變燈總成80中的不同燈82的功率。儘管5B中不可見,但在一些實施例中,由對自燈82發出的一定波長的光透明的材料製成的窗可設置於基座60與蓋70之間,以密封殼體66的頂部與外部環境。在此等實施例中,燈82經由透明窗來加熱殼體66中的晶圓10。在一些實施例中,窗可由例如石英、玻璃等製成。
圖6A示出腔室40的側視圖。腔室40的殼體66可界定多個豎直間隔開的虛擬區域。此等可包含在殼體66的基座處的冷卻區域90A、在冷卻區域90A正上方的轉移區域90B、在轉移區域90B正上方的配料區域90C以及在配料區域90C正上方及殼體66的頂部處的快速升溫區域90D。在晶圓10的回焊處理期間,殼體66的此等虛擬區域90A至虛擬區域90D可經調適以用於不同功能。在處理期間,轉軸44經組態以使定位於結塊48A至結塊48D(參見圖4)上的晶圓10在殼體66的區域90A至區域90D中的一或多者之間移動(即,升高及降低)。
圖6B為殼體66的冷卻區域90A的側視圖。冷板94形成殼體66的基座。在一些實施例中,當在冷卻區域64A中時,晶圓10可實體地接觸或可靠近冷板94定位以藉由傳導進行冷卻。冷板94包含冷卻劑通道94,所述冷卻劑通道94經組態以引導冷卻劑(水或另一液體冷卻劑)通過以移除自晶圓10傳導的熱。冷板94亦包含多個開口95(參見圖7A),所述多個開口95可經組態以將惰性氣體(例如,氮氣)引導至殼體66中。在一些實施例中,可經由開口95將氮氣引導至殼體66中以藉由強制對流冷卻晶圓10的底面。多個進氣口96可定位於冷卻區域90A中以將惰性氣體(例如,氮氣)引導至殼體66中。當晶圓定位於中冷卻區域90A中(例如,安放於冷板94上或靠近冷板94定位)時,可按照慣例將惰性氣體(例如,氮氣或其他適合的惰性氣體)引導至殼體66中以在晶圓10上方流動且冷卻晶圓10的頂表面。在一些實施例中,氣體口96可安置於(腔室40的)基座60的側壁上,且定位成使得來自此等口的惰性氣體(例如,氮氣)在安放於冷板94上或靠近冷板94的晶圓10的頂表面上方流動。在一些實施例中,藉由組合對流及傳導熱轉移,晶圓10可以大於或等於(≥)約60℃/分鐘的速率冷卻。儘管不需要,但在一些實施例中,自殼體66的基座(即,冷板94的頂表面)至距基座約60毫米的高度的區可形成殼體66的冷卻區域90A。亦即,在一些實施例中,冷卻區域90A可為殼體的自殼體66的基座跨越約0毫米至60毫米的區。
轉移區域90B為冷卻區域90A上方的區。轉移區域90B可與腔室40的口42(參見圖1B及圖5B)對準。如先前所解釋,晶圓10經由口42插入至殼體66中。當晶圓10插入至殼體66中時,其在轉移區域90B處進入殼體66。當插入晶圓10時,轉軸44定位於轉移區域90B中以使得插入的晶圓10可支撐於轉軸44的結塊48A、結塊48B、結塊48C上。儘管不需要,但在一些實施例中,轉移區域90B可為殼體的自殼體66的基座跨越約60毫米至90毫米的區。
配料區域90C為殼體66的在轉移區域90B上方的區。當晶圓10定位於配料區域90C中時,經由出口管350(參見圖5D)及氣體口42(參見圖5B)將來自起泡器300的甲酸蒸氣(或另一化學品蒸氣)引導至處理腔室40的殼體66中。可將此甲酸蒸氣引導至靠近殼體66的頂部定位的化學品遞送管98。可將來自化學品遞送管98的甲酸蒸氣引導至殼體66的配料區域90C。在使轉軸44旋轉的同時,藉由化學品遞送管98上的噴嘴將甲酸蒸氣注射至殼體66中。化學品蒸氣覆蓋晶圓10的頂表面且實質上均勻地處理晶圓10的所有區。在一些實施例中,邊緣環將化學品蒸氣引導至晶圓的頂部。儘管不需要,但在一些實施例中,配料區域90C為殼體的自殼體66的基座跨越約90毫米至120毫米的區。
快速升溫區域90D為殼體66的在配料區域90C上方的區。當轉軸44將晶圓10升高至快速升溫區域90D時,蓋70的底面上的燈82加熱晶圓10。在一些實施例中,燈82可以≥約120℃/分鐘的速率加熱晶圓10。轉軸44的旋轉可確保實質上均勻地加熱晶圓10的所有區。一或多個熱電偶及/或高溫計可在加熱期間量測晶圓10的溫度。在一些實施例中,控制系統200可使用反饋迴路(例如PID控制)來控制燈82的功率,從而控制晶圓溫度。在一些實施例中,一或多個熱電偶可設置於轉軸44中以在加熱期間量測晶圓10的溫度。在一些此類實施例中,彈簧可保持熱電偶與晶圓10接觸。在一些實施例中,聚焦於晶圓10的一或多個高溫計可安置於殼體66的頂部或底部處以在加熱期間量測晶圓10的溫度。
如先前所解釋,當晶圓10定位於配料區域90C中時,經由定位於殼體66的頂部的化學品遞送管98將來自起泡器300的甲酸蒸氣注射至殼體66中。化學品遞送管98可具有經組態以在晶圓10上方實質上均勻地排放化學品蒸氣的形狀。圖7A至圖7C示出可用於爐100的不同實施例中的化學品遞送管98A至化學品遞送管98C的不同組態。在一些實施例中,如圖7A中所示出,化學品遞送管98A可為自腔室40的一側延伸至晶圓10的中心的直管。多個噴嘴99或口可定位於管98A的面向晶圓10的底面上。任何數目(2至20)個噴嘴99可設置於管98A上。在旋轉晶圓10的不同徑向位置處將氣體分散至殼體66中可幫助實質上均勻地處理晶圓10的所有區中的焊料凸塊。在一些實施例中,如圖7B中所示出,可使用成角度(或彎曲)的化學品遞送管98B。在一些實施例中,如圖7C中所示出,可使用T形化學品遞送管98C。儘管圖7B及圖7C中未繪示,但間隔開的噴嘴99可設置於管98B、管98C的面向晶圓10的底面上,以均勻地處理旋轉晶圓10的所有區。在一些實施例中,基於待處理的晶圓10的類型、大小及/或形狀,可使用化學品遞送管98A、化學品遞送管98B、化學品遞送管98C的不同組態。
在一些實施例中,當經由晶圓10的頂側上的化學品遞送管98將甲酸蒸氣引導至殼體66中時,可將惰性氣體(例如,氮氣)引導至晶圓10的底側上的殼體66中。可經由冷板94上的開口95及/或經由氣體口96將惰性氣體引入至殼體中。當在晶圓10上方引導甲酸蒸氣時同時在晶圓10下引導惰性氣體允許甲酸蒸氣實質上均勻地覆蓋及處理晶圓的頂表面上的所有區。
現將描述使用圖3的例示性回焊輪廓在爐100中處理晶圓10的例示性方法200。如圖3中所示出,圖3的回焊輪廓較佳由六個時間-溫度處理區域(區域1至區域6)界定。首先經由口42將晶圓10裝載至腔室40的殼體66中(步驟210)。晶圓10可經由口42插入至殼體66中,且例如使用機器人臂安置於定位於轉移區域90B中的轉軸44上。轉軸44可使晶圓旋轉(步驟220)且將晶圓10升高至殼體66的快速升溫區域90D(步驟230)。在一些實施例中,亦可將殼體66中的壓力抽空至低於大氣壓的壓力。在一些實施例中,殼體66可泵吸降至約100毫托至100托之間的壓力。在一些實施例中,殼體可泵吸降至約1托至10托之間的壓力。控制系統200激活燈總成80的燈82以加熱晶圓10且增加其溫度(步驟240)。在一些實施例中,可在步驟210中將晶圓10裝載於轉軸44上之前接通燈82。當在快速升溫區域90D中(即,步驟230)時,晶圓10的溫度可如圖3的區域1中所示出增加。
當殼體66的熱電偶及/或高溫計指示晶圓10的溫度已達到處理區域1的目標溫度(圖3中約150℃)時,控制系統200可使轉軸44與晶圓10下降至配料區域90C(步驟250)。當在配藥區域90C中時,可經由晶圓10上方的化學品遞送管98將化學品蒸氣(例如,甲酸蒸氣)引導至殼體66中,同時經由晶圓10下方的進氣口96(及/或冷板94上的開口95)將惰性氣體(例如,氮氣)引導至殼體66中(步驟260)。晶圓10下方的惰性氣體流幫助保持晶圓10上方的化學品蒸氣,使得旋轉晶圓10的實質上所有區均勻地曝光且用蒸氣覆蓋。在此步驟期間,晶圓10的溫度可遵循圖3的區域2中所示出的路徑。
在步驟260中用化學品蒸氣覆蓋晶圓10之後,可使用真空泵抽空殼體66以移除殼體66中的過量蒸氣(步驟270)。替代地或另外,在一些實施例中,可在此步驟期間將惰性氣體(例如,氮氣)引導至殼體66中以排出尚未沈積於晶圓上的殘餘化學品蒸氣。轉軸44可接著升高晶圓10返回至快速升溫區域90D從而以較快速率繼續加熱晶圓10(步驟280)。在此步驟期間,晶圓10的溫度可遵循圖3的區域3至區域5中所示出的輪廓且使焊料回焊。
在焊料回焊完成之後,藉由控制系統200關閉燈82(或將其降低至安全無效功率),且使晶圓10下降至冷卻區域90A以冷卻基底(步驟290)。在冷卻區域90A中,在一些實施例中,晶圓10可實體地接觸冷板94或置放成緊靠著冷板94,使得晶圓10的底表面經由液體冷卻的冷板94以傳導方式或輻射方式冷卻,且經由來自進氣口96的惰性氣體(例如,氮氣)自頂部以對流方式冷卻,所述惰性氣體在晶圓10的頂部上方流動。在一些實施例中,亦可經由開口95將惰性氣體(例如,氮氣)引導於冷板94中以幫助冷卻晶圓10的背面。當在冷卻區域90A中時,晶圓10的溫度可遵循圖3的區域6中所示出的輪廓。在冷卻完成之後,轉軸44可將晶圓10升高至轉移區域90B,且可經由口42自殼體移除晶圓10(步驟300)。
圖9示出使用爐100執行高溫處理(諸如例如焊料回焊)的另一例示性方法400。將參考圖3的例示性回焊輪廓來描述方法400。然而,方法400可應用於任何回焊輪廓或任何高溫處理。圖9為方法400的製程流程的流程圖。圖10及圖11示出在方法400的不同步驟期間(爐100的)殼體66中的製程條件。圖10為繪示在方法400的不同步驟期間殼體66的溫度(以攝氏度(℃))為單位)及進入殼體66的甲酸蒸氣的流速(以標準立方公分/分鐘(SCCM或cm 3/min)為單位)的圖表。在圖10中,X軸繪示時間(以秒為單位),左側Y軸繪示溫度(以℃為單位),且右側Y軸繪示在方法400的不同步驟期間甲酸蒸氣的流速(以立方公分/分鐘(SCCM或cm 3/min)為單位)。在圖11中,X軸繪示時間(以秒為單位),左側Y軸繪示殼體66中的壓力(以托為單位),且右側Y軸繪示在方法400的不同步驟期間殼體66中的氧氣濃度百分比(以百萬分率(ppm)為單位)。在圖10及圖11中,包含對應於(圖9的)方法400的不同步驟的標註以指示在不同步驟期間殼體66中的製程條件的演進。在以下論述中,將參考圖9至圖11。
如參考(圖8的)方法200所描述,首先經由口42將晶圓10裝載至腔室40的殼體66中且安置於定位於轉移區域90B中的轉軸44上。可接著激活轉軸44以旋轉晶圓10。參考圖9,在步驟410中,爐100的泵吸系統(例如,真空泵等)接著向下泵吸殼體66以降低殼體66中的氧氣濃度。在一些實施例中,如圖11中可見,在步驟410中,殼體66可在約0.1托與約50托之間多次循環以降低殼體66中的氧氣濃度。在一些實施例中,在步驟410結束時,氧氣濃度可低於約750 ppm或低於約500 ppm。如同本文中所充分闡述,其全文以引用的方式併入本文中的美國專利第10,147,617號描述殼體66可藉此在相對較高壓力與相對較低壓力之間多次循環以達成相對無氧處理環境的例示性製程。
在步驟420中,轉軸44將晶圓10升高至爐100的快速升溫區域90D。當在快速升溫區域90D中時,晶圓10的頂表面靠近蓋70的底面上的燈82定位。燈82增加晶圓10的溫度。可在晶圓10移動至快速升溫區域90D之前或之後激活燈82。在一些實施例中,在步驟420中,燈420可在步驟420中將晶圓加熱至約150℃至180℃之間的溫度。如先前所解釋,此溫度範圍為例示性的,且可在此步驟中將晶圓加熱至任何溫度(例如,基於所遵循的回焊輪廓)。
在步驟430中,使加熱的晶圓10下降至爐100的配料區域90℃。當在此區域中時,來自起泡器300的甲酸蒸氣經由安置於殼體66的頂部處的化學品遞送管98進入腔室(參見圖6A)。此甲酸蒸氣經由化學品遞送管98的噴嘴注射至殼體66中。使用起泡器300產生甲酸蒸氣僅為例示性的。一般而言,甲酸蒸氣可藉由任何適當源(諸如汽化器等)產生。甲酸蒸氣可藉由擴散及強制對流覆蓋晶圓表面。爐100的邊緣環可將化學品蒸氣引導至晶圓10的頂表面。轉軸44(或另一晶圓支撐機構)可旋轉晶圓10以用於使化學品蒸氣均勻覆蓋於晶圓10的表面上。在步驟430中,晶圓10上方的殼體(或整個殼體66)的壓力可低於約20托。在一些實施例中,壓力可低於約10托。在一些實施例中,壓力可在約1托至8托之間。[進行]。
在一些實施例中,氮氣(或另一惰性氣體)亦可排放至晶圓10下方的殼體66中以使甲酸蒸氣保持在殼體66的頂部上以完全覆蓋晶圓10的頂表面。可經由冷板94上的開口95(參見圖7A)及/或經由殼體66的側壁上的氣體口96在晶圓10下方排放氮氣。在一些實施例中,此區域(配料區域90C)中的溫度可控制在150℃至180℃(或任何其他溫度,例如基於回焊輪廓)之間。歸因於氧化,晶圓10上的焊料的表面可具有形成於其上的氧化物。經由化學品遞送管98排放至殼體66中的甲酸蒸氣可具有經組態以有效清潔此等氧化物的受控濃度的甲酸。
在步驟430中用甲酸蒸氣覆蓋晶圓10之後,停止甲酸蒸氣流入殼體66中。在步驟440中,使用爐100的真空泵自殼體66移除或泵吸出過量甲酸蒸氣的至少一部分。泵吸及吹掃製程可用於自殼體66移除過量甲酸蒸氣。在此步驟中,將殼體66循環地泵吸降至低壓且用氮氣吹掃以自殼體66移除過量甲酸蒸氣。晶圓10保持在配料區域90C中,且晶圓10的溫度在此步驟期間維持在約150℃至180℃之間。在一些實施例中,在步驟430的蒸氣移除製程之後,殼體中的甲酸蒸氣濃度可低於約50%至80%。在一些實施例中,在步驟430的蒸氣移除製程之後,殼體中的壓力可在約1托至10托之間。在一些實施例中,在此步驟中,進入晶圓下方的腔室的氮氣流速可在約100標準立方公分/分鐘(sccm)至約5000標準立方公分/分鐘範圍內變化以自殼體66移除過量甲酸。
在步驟450中,燈82經控制以將晶圓10(或殼體66)的溫度增加至約220℃至250℃之間的溫度以用於焊接製程。如先前所解釋,燈82可由控制系統200(圖1A)控制以改變晶圓10的溫度。舉例而言,控制系統200可接通/斷開不同數目個燈82,及/或增加/減少燈82的功率以改變殼體66的溫度。在步驟460中,將晶圓10維持在約220℃至250℃之間的溫度下以用於焊接製程。如先前所解釋,一般而言,晶圓可在此步驟中加熱至任何溫度。在一些實施例中,晶圓在步驟450中被加熱所達到的溫度可高於步驟420中的溫度。在一些實施例中,可使晶圓10在約220℃至250℃之間的溫度下持溫或將其維持在此溫度下,持續約0.5至4分鐘之間,或約1至2分鐘之間。應注意,此持溫時間僅為例示性的且可視所使用的焊料回焊輪廓及在爐100中進行的處理類型而定。在一些實施例中,晶圓10下方的氮氣流可在步驟450及步驟460中持續。晶圓在步驟450及步驟460中被加熱所達到的溫度取決於所使用的回焊輪廓。舉例而言,若晶圓10包含較高熔融溫度的焊料(諸如例如,金-錫),則可使用不同回焊輪廓(與圖3相比),且可在步驟450及步驟460中將晶圓加熱且維持在較高溫度下以使焊料回焊。
在步驟470中,在完成焊接後,關閉燈82(或將其降低至安全無效功率),且使晶圓10下降至殼體66的冷卻區域90A中以冷卻晶圓。在一些實施例中,晶圓10可由冷板94實體地支撐以藉由傳導冷卻晶圓。在一些實施例中,液體冷卻劑亦可流通通過冷板94的冷卻劑通道以快速地冷卻晶圓10。經組態以引導冷卻劑(水或另一液體冷卻劑)通過以移除自晶圓10傳導的熱。在一些實施例中,晶圓10的底面可靠近冷板94定位,且將氮氣引導至冷板94上的晶圓通孔開口95(參見圖7A)的底面以藉由強制對流冷卻晶圓10的底面。在一些實施例中,當晶圓10定位於冷卻區域90A中(例如,安放於冷板94上或靠近冷板94定位)時,可按照慣例將氮氣(或其他適合的惰性氣體)引導至殼體66中(例如,經由腔室40的基座60的側壁上的氣體口96)以在晶圓10上方流動且冷卻晶圓10的頂表面。在一些實施例中,晶圓10可在冷卻區域90A中冷卻至約15℃至30℃之間的溫度。在一些實施例中,晶圓10可在冷卻區域90A中冷卻至約室溫。可接著將冷卻的晶圓10升高至殼體66的轉移區域90B且自爐100的腔室40移除。
對於使用較小焊料凸塊(或微凸塊)的晶圓及半導體裝置,且在半導體裝置的3D堆疊中,甲酸蒸氣良好覆蓋於晶圓及焊料表面上可促進自焊料有效地移除表面氧化物層。當將甲酸蒸氣引入至殼體66中時,殼體66的低壓(即,低於約10托)使得蒸氣能夠有效地覆蓋晶圓10的頂表面且清潔焊料表面。在自頂部排放甲酸蒸氣的同時在晶圓10下方排放氮氣(或另一惰性氣體)亦幫助將甲酸蒸氣主要限制於晶圓10的頂表面上。亦控制排放至殼體66中的蒸氣中的甲酸的濃度(在步驟430中)以有效地清潔焊料上的表面氧化物。在步驟430中控制排放至殼體66中的甲酸蒸氣的擴散係數(或擴散率)可改良氧化物清潔。藉由控制甲酸濃度及甲酸的所得分壓及蒸氣的溫度相關氣體遷移率來改良甲酸蒸氣的擴散率,以改良步驟430中的持溫製程。在本揭露的一些實施例中,在步驟430中排放至殼體中的甲酸蒸氣中的甲酸的濃度可在約3%至15%之間。在一些實施例中,蒸氣中的甲酸濃度可在約30%至40%之間。此甲酸濃度可使得甲酸蒸氣的擴散率在約200平方公分/秒至300平方公分/秒之間,且分壓在約20%至40%之間。
回焊爐100及操作所述爐的方法的上述實施例僅為例示性的。許多變化是可能的。儘管將甲酸蒸氣描述為排放至爐100中的化學品蒸氣(在步驟430中),但此僅為例示性的。可使用適合於在爐100中進行的方法的任何化學品蒸氣。此外,可使用爐100使用適合於正使用的焊接材料的時間-溫度曲線(或回焊輪廓)來執行任何回焊製程。如同本文中所充分闡述,以引用方式併入的美國專利申請公開案US 2021/0265301描述可在爐100中執行的一些例示性回焊製程。方法200及方法400的步驟不必按圖8及圖9中所示出的次序執行。在其他例示性方法中,可省略一些步驟及/或可添加一些步驟。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,可在將晶圓裝載至腔室中(即,步驟210)之前或在旋轉轉軸(步驟220)之前等激活燈82(步驟240)。作為另一實例,在一些實施例中,可將腔室40的殼體66泵吸降至次大氣壓(例如,在約1托與10托之間),從而將晶圓裝載至腔室中(步驟210)等。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到且理解在揭露的範疇內的此等可能變化。
此外,儘管將爐100與焊料回焊製程結合揭露,但此僅為例示性的。所屬領域中具通常知識者將認識到所揭露爐可用於任何適當製程。另外,儘管描述了晶圓凸塊製程,但本揭露不限於此應用。一般而言,可在爐100中對任何類型的基底(例如,晶圓、有機/陶瓷基底、半導體封裝、印刷電路板(PCB)等)執行任何高溫製程。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,爐100可用於使用焊料(例如,回焊焊接)將晶粒(或IC晶片)附接於基底或晶片載體(PCB、陶瓷/有機基底等)上。在回焊焊接期間,焊料球或焊錫膏(粉末焊料與焊劑的黏性混合物)可用於將一或多個電子組件臨時附著在一起(例如,使用C4接頭將晶粒固定至基底,使用球狀柵格陣列(ball grid array;BGA)接頭將晶粒基底總成固定至封裝基底(例如,PCB)等)。組件總成可接著經受回焊製程以使焊料熔融且將組件附著在一起。
考慮本文中的揭露內容,爐及相關方法的其他實施例對於所屬領域中具通常知識者將為顯而易見的。亦應注意,在一些實施例中,可組合爐100的所描述區域中的一或多者的功能(例如,冷卻區域90A、在冷卻區域90A正上方的轉移區域90B、配料區域90C、快速升溫區域90D等),藉此減少區域的數目。
10:半導體晶圓 12:焊料凸塊 20:馬達總成 40:處理腔室 42:入口 44:轉軸 46A、46B、46C:臂 48A、48B、48C、48D:結塊 50:中心軸 60:基座 62:氣體口 66:殼體 70:鉸接蓋 80:燈總成 82:燈 90A:冷卻區域 90B:轉移區域 90C:配料區域 90D:快速升溫區域 94:冷卻劑通道/冷板 95:開口 96:進氣口 98、98A、98B、98C:化學品遞送管 99:噴嘴 100:處理爐 200:控制系統/方法 210、220、230、240、250、260、270、280、290、410、420、430、440、450、460、470:步驟 300:起泡器/步驟 310:封閉容器 320:液體化學品 330:入口管 340:空間 350:出口管 400:方法 500:圖表 a 1、a 2、a 3、a 4、a 5、a 6:間距
併入於本揭露中且構成本揭露的一部分的隨附圖式示出例示性實施例且與描述一起用於解釋所揭露原理。在此等圖式中,在適當時,以類似方式標記示出不同圖中的相同結構、組件、材料及/或元件的附圖標號。應理解,除特定繪示的結構、組件及/或元件以外,結構、組件及/或元件的各種組合經涵蓋且在本揭露的範疇內。
為說明簡單及清楚起見,圖描繪各種所描述實施例的一般結構。可省略熟知組件或特徵的細節以避免混淆其他特徵,因為此等省略的特徵為於所屬領域中具通常知識者所熟知。此外,圖中的元件未必按比例繪製。一些特徵的尺寸可相對於其他特徵放大以改良對例示性實施例的理解。所屬領域中具通常知識者將瞭解,圖中的特徵未必按比例繪製,且除非另外指明,否則不應被視為表示圖中的不同特徵之間的比例關係。另外,即使未特定提及,參考一個實施例或圖描述的態樣亦可適用於其他實施例或圖且可與其他實施例或圖一起使用。 圖1A及圖1B示出本揭露的例示性處理爐。 圖2示出經組態以在圖1A的處理爐中處理的例示性基底。 圖3示出可用於處理圖2的基底的例示性溫度曲線。 圖4示出圖1A的處理爐的轉軸。 圖5A及圖5B為圖1A的處理爐的處理腔室的透視圖。 圖5C示出圖1A的處理爐的例示性燈總成。 圖5D為可與本揭露的處理爐一起使用的例示性起泡器裝置。 圖5E為繪示在不同起泡器壓力及溫度下甲酸蒸氣的濃度之間的關係的例示性曲線。 圖6A及圖6B為圖5A的處理腔室的沿著豎直平面的部分的橫截面圖。 圖7A至圖7C為不同例示性實施例中的圖5A的處理腔室的俯視圖。 圖8為繪示使用圖1A的處理爐的例示性方法的流程圖。 圖9為繪示使用圖1A的處理爐的另一例示性方法的流程圖。 圖10為可應用於圖1A的處理爐的例示性回焊輪廓(reflow profile)。 圖11為繪示處理爐在例示性製程期間的壓力及氧氣濃度的圖表。
300、410、420、430、440、450、460、470:步驟
400:方法

Claims (18)

  1. 一種使用焊料回焊爐的方法,包括: 將包含焊料的至少一個基底安置於所述爐的腔室中; 將所述腔室的壓力減小至約0.1托至50托之間的第一壓力; 在減小所述腔室的所述壓力之後,將所述至少一個基底的溫度增加至第一溫度; 在增加所述溫度之後,准許甲酸蒸氣進入所述至少一個基底上方的所述腔室,同時准許氮氣進入所述至少一個基底下方的所述腔室; 自所述腔室移除所述甲酸蒸氣的至少一部分; 在所述移除之後,將所述至少一個基底的所述溫度進一步增加至高於所述第一溫度的第二溫度; 將所述至少一個基底維持在所述第二溫度下持續第一時間;以及 在所述維持之後,冷卻所述至少一個基底。
  2. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中增加所述溫度包含使用安置於所述至少一個基底上方的所述腔室中的燈總成來增加所述至少一個基底的所述溫度。
  3. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中進一步增加所述溫度包含使用安置於所述至少一個基底上方的所述腔室中的燈總成來進一步增加所述至少一個基底的所述溫度。
  4. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中增加所述溫度包含將所述至少一個基底的所述溫度增加至約150℃至180℃之間的溫度。
  5. 如請求項4所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中進一步增加所述溫度包含將所述至少一個基底的所述溫度進一步增加至約220℃至250℃之間的溫度。
  6. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中將甲酸蒸氣排放至所述腔室中包含准許具有濃度為3重量%至15重量%的甲酸的蒸氣進入所述腔室。
  7. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中准許甲酸蒸氣進入所述腔室包含將甲酸蒸氣自經調適以改變所述甲酸蒸氣中的甲酸的濃度的源引導至所述腔室中。
  8. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中准許甲酸蒸氣進入所述腔室包含將甲酸蒸氣自起泡器引導至所述腔室中。
  9. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中冷卻所述至少一個基底包含將所述至少一個基底冷卻至約15℃至30℃之間的溫度。
  10. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中所述第一時間在約0.5分鐘至4分鐘之間。
  11. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中准許甲酸蒸氣進入所述腔室包含在所述至少一個基底在所述腔室中旋轉的同時准許甲酸蒸氣進入所述腔室。
  12. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,更包含在增加所述至少一個基底的所述溫度之後及在准許甲酸蒸氣進入所述腔室之前使所述腔室中的所述至少一個基底下降至配料區域。
  13. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中冷卻所述至少一個基底包含使所述腔室中的所述至少一個基底下降以接觸所述腔室的冷板。
  14. 如請求項13所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,更包含引導液體冷卻劑通過所述冷板以幫助冷卻所述至少一個基底。
  15. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中冷卻所述至少一個基底包含使所述腔室中的所述至少一個基底下降至所述腔室的冷卻區域,及在所述至少一個基底上引導惰性氣體以幫助冷卻所述至少一個基底。
  16. 如請求項1所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中准許甲酸蒸氣進入所述腔室包含准許甲酸蒸氣經由靠近所述腔室的頂表面定位的化學品遞送管進入所述腔室。
  17. 如請求項16所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中所述化學品遞送管包括以下中的一者:(i)自所述腔室的一側朝向所述腔室的中心延伸的直管;(ii)包含一或多個成角度部分的管;或(iii)T形管。
  18. 如請求項16所述的使用焊料回焊爐的方法,其中所述化學品遞送管包括經組態以朝向所述至少一個基底的頂表面引導所述甲酸蒸氣的多個氣體噴嘴。
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