TW202244891A - 吸音材料及車輛構件 - Google Patents
吸音材料及車輛構件 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202244891A TW202244891A TW111114308A TW111114308A TW202244891A TW 202244891 A TW202244891 A TW 202244891A TW 111114308 A TW111114308 A TW 111114308A TW 111114308 A TW111114308 A TW 111114308A TW 202244891 A TW202244891 A TW 202244891A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- sound
- absorbing material
- protective layer
- resin
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Abstract
一種吸音材料，依次包括保護層、具有連通孔的第一基材層、以及具有連通孔的第二基材層，保護層的由下述式（I）表示的柔軟強韌值為1～75[MPa/μm]。
柔軟強韌值=（25℃下的保護層的拉伸彈性係數[MPa]×保護層的蕭氏A硬度）/保護層厚度[μm] ･･･（I）
Description
本發明是有關於一種吸音材料及車輛構件。
作為低頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的吸音材料，已知有將不織布等重疊兩層而形成的吸音材料（例如專利文獻1）。
[現有技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]國際公開第2020/213685號
[發明所欲解決之課題]
在由不織布形成的吸音材料的情況下，特別是在對來自外部的機械衝擊的耐久性方面有改善的餘地。
本發明是鑒於所述情況而成者，其目的在於提供一種低頻率範圍的吸音特性及耐久性優異的吸音材料。本發明的另一目的在於提供一種包括該吸音材料的車輛構件。
[解決課題之手段]
本發明的一個方面是有關於一種吸音材料，其依次包括保護層、具有連通孔的第一基材層、及具有連通孔的第二基材層，保護層的由下述式（I）表示的柔軟強韌值為1～75[MPa/μm]。
柔軟強韌值=（25℃下的保護層的拉伸彈性係數[MPa]×保護層的蕭氏A硬度）/保護層厚度[μm] ･･･（I）。
在一形態中，保護層可為包含彈性體的層。
在一形態中，保護層可為不織布。
在一形態中，吸音材料可在保護層與第一基材層之間更包括樹脂層。
在一形態中，樹脂層可包含聚烯烴、聚酯或聚醯胺。
在一形態中，吸音材料可在樹脂層的至少任一個表面更包括金屬蒸鍍層。
在一形態中，第一基材層及第二基材層可為樹脂發泡體或不織布。
在一形態中，第一基材層的厚度可較第二基材層的厚度薄。
在一形態中，吸音材料的厚度可為1 mm～100 mm。
本發明的一個方面是有關於一種包括所述吸音材料的車輛構件。
[發明的效果]
根據本發明，可提供一種低頻率範圍的吸音特性及耐久性優異的吸音材料。另外，根據本發明，可提供一種包括該吸音材料的車輛構件。
以下，視情況參照圖式對本發明的實施方式進行詳細說明。再者，本說明書中，使用「～」表示的數值範圍表示包含「～」的前後記載的數值分別作為最小值及最大值的範圍。另外，在本說明書中記載的數值範圍中，該數值範圍的上限值或下限值可替換為實施例中示出的值。
＜吸音材料＞
圖1是一實施方式的吸音材料的示意剖面圖。吸音材料10依次包括：保護層1、作為基材層的具有連通孔的第一基材層2及具有連通孔的第二基材層3。自保護層側入射的聲音（聲能）在透過吸音材料時作為熱能而消能。藉此觀察到聲音的衰減。
圖2是一實施方式的吸音材料的示意剖面圖。吸音材料20依次包括：保護層1、樹脂層4、作為基材層的具有連通孔的第一基材層2及具有連通孔的第二基材層3。
（基材層）
作為具有連通孔的基材層，可列舉樹脂發泡體、不織布、高分子多孔體、多孔質陶瓷等。該些中，就低頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，基材層可為樹脂發泡體或不織布。第一基材層及第二基材層可由相同的原材料構成，亦可由不同的原材料構成。
作為樹脂發泡體的原材料，例如可列舉：聚乙烯樹脂、聚丙烯樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、聚酯樹脂、丙烯酸樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、矽酮樹脂、天然橡膠、合成橡膠等。就耐熱性、阻燃性等觀點而言，樹脂發泡體的原材料可為三聚氰胺樹脂。
作為構成不織布的纖維，可列舉有機纖維及無機纖維。作為有機纖維，例如可列舉：聚乙烯（低密度或高密度）、聚丙烯（Polypropylene，PP）、共聚聚乙烯、共聚聚丙烯等聚烯烴纖維；聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（Polyethylene Terephthalate，PET）、聚對苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等聚酯纖維；聚醯胺纖維；丙烯酸纖維；尼龍纖維；嫘縈纖維；羊毛等天然纖維等。另外，作為無機纖維，可列舉：玻璃纖維、金屬纖維、陶瓷纖維、碳纖維等。構成不織布的纖維可包括該些中的一種或兩種以上。
就低頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，基材層的厚度可設為0.1 mm～50 mm，亦可為0.5 mm～20 mm，亦可為2.0 mm～10 mm。第一基材層及第二基材層可具有相同的厚度，亦可具有不同的厚度。就低頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，第一基材層（聲音入射側的基材層）的厚度可較第二基材層的厚度薄。
就低頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，基材層的單位面積重量可設為50 g/m
2～2000 g/m
2，亦可為100 g/m
2～1000 g/m
2。
就低頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，吸音材料可更包括具有連通孔的其他基材層。即，吸音材料除了包括具有連通孔的第一基材層及具有連通孔的第二基材層以外，可更包括具有連通孔的第三基材層、具有連通孔的第四基材層等。各基材層可由相同的原材料構成，亦可由不同的原材料構成。
（保護層）
保護層的由下述式（I）表示的柔軟強韌值為1 MPa/μm～75 MPa/μm。就更高度地兼顧吸音特性與耐久性的觀點而言，柔軟強韌值可為2 MPa/μm～70 MPa/μm，亦可為5 MPa/μm～65 MPa/μm。
柔軟強韌值=（25℃下的保護層的拉伸彈性係數[MPa]×保護層的蕭氏A硬度）/保護層厚度[μm] ･･･（I）。
所謂柔軟強韌值是著眼於保護層的每單位厚度的衝擊吸收度及衝擊耐久度而設定的特性值。每單位厚度的衝擊吸收度可基於蕭氏（Shore）A硬度進行評價，衝擊耐久度可基於拉伸彈性係數進行評價，兩者的乘積在規定範圍內，表示保護層適度柔軟且強韌。
拉伸彈性係數藉由拉伸試驗機進行測定。具體而言，準備20 mm×50 mm的樣品，將使用拉伸試驗機以拉伸速度100 mm/min拉伸該樣品時的25℃下的彈性係數的最大值設為所述拉伸彈性係數。只要滿足所述式則並無特別限制，但就耐久性的觀點而言，拉伸彈性係數可設為1 MPa～2000 MPa，亦可為10 MPa～1000 MPa。
蕭氏A硬度藉由硬度計（durometer）（類型A）進行測定。具體而言，準備20 mm×50 mm的樣品，以厚度成為1 mm以上的方式將樣品重疊，在25℃的環境中靜置1小時。將對靜置後的樣品利用硬度計測定硬度時的1秒以內的值（或測定後立即示出的值）設為所述蕭氏A硬度。只要滿足所述式則並無特別限制，但就耐久性的觀點而言，蕭氏A硬度可設為20～95，亦可為30～92。
保護層厚度藉由厚度測定器進行測定。只要滿足所述式則並無特別限制，但就耐久性的觀點而言，保護層厚度可設為10 μm～2000 μm，亦可為50 μm～500 μm。
為了使柔軟強韌值在所述規定的範圍內，例如可考慮根據如以下般的觀點來調整各特性。
作為調整彈性係數及蕭氏A硬度的方法，可列舉調整保護層的密度、對材料中賦予剛性成分、增加材料中的金屬、陶瓷、二氧化矽等無機成分的比例等。藉由調整保護層中的空隙量，亦可調整彈性係數及蕭氏A硬度。亦可藉由構成具有空隙的保護層的骨架成分、骨架的粗細、骨架的黏著方法等來調整彈性係數及蕭氏A硬度。
彈性係數及蕭氏A硬度的任一方的調整例如能夠藉由適當組合所述列舉的方法來進行。例如，藉由在保護層中設置空隙的同時使構成保護層的骨架變粗，可在維持彈性係數的同時降低蕭氏A硬度。
就更高度地兼顧吸音特性與耐久性的觀點而言，保護層可為包含彈性體的層。作為可滿足所述柔軟強韌值的彈性體，可列舉熱塑性彈性體及熱硬化性彈性體。作為熱塑性彈性體，例如可列舉：聚烯烴系、聚苯乙烯系、聚胺基甲酸酯系、聚酯系、聚醚系、聚丙烯酸系、聚醯胺系、氯乙烯、氯化聚乙烯系、聚二烯系、氟系、矽酮系、聚碳酸酯系等的樹脂，或者該些的改質樹脂。另外，作為熱硬化性彈性體，例如可列舉：氟系、矽酮系、胺基甲酸酯系、環氧系等樹脂、異戊二烯橡膠、乙烯丙烯橡膠、乙烯丙烯二烯橡膠、腈橡膠（腈丁二烯橡膠（Nitrile Butadiene Rubber，NBR））等合成橡膠或天然橡膠、或者該些的改質樹脂。就用於輕量化的薄膜化、耐熱性、耐久性等觀點而言，較佳為聚胺基甲酸酯系或聚酯系的樹脂。
包含彈性體的層除了包含彈性體以外亦可包含其他成分。作為其他成分，就耐熱性、耐久性、吸音性、制振性、隔音性等提升的觀點而言，可列舉：二氧化矽、氧化鋁、滑石等無機粒子、金屬粒子、有機樹脂粒子等，就輕量化的觀點而言，可列舉中空粒子等。就輕量化的觀點而言，包含彈性體的層亦可包含發泡材料、由發泡成形產生的氣泡部分等。
就更高度地兼顧吸音特性與耐久性的觀點而言，保護層可為不織布。作為可滿足所述柔軟強韌值的不織布，就耐久性的觀點而言，可列舉纖維牢固黏著的不織布，例如可列舉利用化學黏結（chemical bond）法、熱黏結法、針軋法等製造的不織布（PET不織布等）。
就更高度地兼顧吸音特性與耐久性的觀點而言，保護層的面重量（每單位面積的重量）可設為10 g/m
2～1000 g/m
2，亦可為50 g/m
2～800 g/m
2。
就更高度地兼顧吸音特性與耐久性的觀點而言，保護層的密度可設為0.1 g/cm
3～10.0 g/cm
3，亦可為0.2 g/cm
3～2.0 g/cm
3。
在保護層為不織布的情況下，就更高度地兼顧吸音特性與耐久性的觀點而言，構成不織布的纖維的平均纖維直徑可設為0.1 μm～100 μm，亦可為1 μm～50 μm。
平均纖維直徑藉由以下方式來求出：利用電子顯微鏡以1000倍進行拍攝，取根據拍攝而得的照片測定的各個纖維的纖維直徑的平均。具體而言，針對自10張照片任意選擇的合計100根纖維，測定直徑0.1 μm數量級的纖維直徑，將該些平均，將小數點以下第二位四捨五入來求出平均纖維直徑。
（樹脂層）
就提升吸音特性、提升耐久性、賦予功能性等觀點而言，吸音材料可在保護層與基材層之間更包括樹脂層。作為構成樹脂層的樹脂，例如可列舉：聚乙烯（低密度或高密度）、聚丙烯（拉伸或未拉伸）、共聚聚乙烯、共聚聚丙烯等聚烯烴系樹脂；聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等聚酯系樹脂；聚四氟乙烯（Polytetrafluoroethene，PTFE）、全氟乙烯丙烯共聚物（Fluorinated ethylene propylene，FEP）、全氟烷氧基烷烴（perfluoro alkoxyl alkane，PFA）等氟系樹脂；聚醯亞胺系樹脂；聚醯胺系樹脂；聚芳醯胺系樹脂；氯乙烯系樹脂；丙烯酸系樹脂；聚碳酸酯系樹脂；聚苯硫醚系樹脂；聚乙烯醇系樹脂；聚苯乙烯樹脂；聚丙烯腈樹脂；乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯系樹脂等。樹脂層為不具有連通孔的層（膜）。
就低頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，樹脂層的厚度可設為0.5 μm～500 μm，可為5 μm～250 μm，亦可為10 μm～100 μm。
就藉由調整膜特性來提升吸音效果的功能、及賦予熱線反射功能的觀點而言，樹脂層可在其表面包括金屬蒸鍍層。即，吸音材料可在樹脂層的表面更包括金屬蒸鍍層。金屬蒸鍍層可藉由真空蒸鍍等物理蒸鍍或化學蒸鍍而形成鋁、銅、鋅、鋅合金、銀等金屬。金屬蒸鍍層可設置在樹脂層的兩面，亦可設置在一個面上。
就提升低頻率範圍的吸音效果及調整吸音頻率峰值的觀點而言，樹脂層可為有孔膜。有孔膜可具有排列成格子狀或菱形形狀的孔。就低頻率範圍的吸音特性優異的觀點而言，該孔可為直徑0.1 mm～50.0 mm的圓形形狀，亦可為直徑0.2 mm～10.0 mm的圓形形狀，亦可為直徑0.3 mm～5.0 mm的圓形形狀。孔的形狀可為圓形、橢圓形、長方形、多邊形等。
（接著劑層）
吸音材料亦可在所述各層之間更包括接著劑層。吸音材料亦可在保護層與第一基材層之間、以及第一基材層與第二基材層之間的至少任意一方包括接著劑層。另外，吸音材料亦可在保護層與樹脂層之間、樹脂層與第一基材層之間、以及第一基材層與第二基材層之間的至少任意一方包括接著劑層。
作為接著劑層，可列舉含有乙酸乙烯酯樹脂、聚烯烴樹脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物樹脂、異丁烯-馬來酸酐共聚物樹脂、丙烯酸共聚物樹脂、丙烯酸單體、丙烯酸寡聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠、氯乙烯樹脂、氯丁二烯橡膠、腈橡膠、胺基甲酸酯樹脂、矽烷化胺基甲酸酯樹脂、環氧樹脂、改質環氧樹脂、聚乙烯樹脂、離子聚合物樹脂、矽酮樹脂、改質矽酮樹脂、水玻璃、矽酸鹽等接著成分的層；或者在由紙、布、樹脂膜、金屬帶等構成的支持體的兩面具有含有該些接著成分的層的積層物（例如雙面膠帶）等。各接著劑層可由相同的原材料構成，亦可由不同的原材料構成。
接著劑層的厚度並無特別限定，但可設為0.01 μm～500 μm，亦可為1 μm～250 μm。各接著劑層可具有相同的厚度，亦可具有不同的厚度。
接著劑層的重量並無特別限定，但可設為1 g/m
2～500 g/m
2，可為5 g/m
2～200 g/m
2，亦可為10 g/m
2～150 g/m
2。各接著劑層可具有相同的重量，亦可具有不同的重量。
就吸音特性的表現、材料的施工性、省空間化等觀點而言，吸音材料的厚度可設為1 mm～100 mm，可為2 mm～50 mm，亦可為5 mm～30 mm。
就低頻率範圍的優異的吸音特性的觀點而言，根據日本工業標準（Japanese Industrial Standards，JIS） A 1405-1測定的吸音材料在500 Hz～1000 Hz下的平均垂直入射吸音率可設為0.45以上，亦可為0.5以上。就同樣的觀點而言，吸音材料在500 Hz～1000 Hz下的最大垂直入射吸音率可設為0.65以上，亦可為0.7以上。
＜吸音材料的製造方法＞
吸音材料可藉由將各層積層來製造。吸音材料如上所述，藉由包括接著劑層而可在各層接著的狀態下使用，但亦可不接著各層而使用。另外，亦可僅在一部分的層間設置接著劑層。構成吸音材料的積層體可在收納於框體的狀態下使用。
＜吸音材料的用途＞
所述吸音材料不僅低頻率範圍的吸音特性優異，耐久性亦優異。因此，所述吸音材料可較佳地用於汽車、鐵路車輛、航空器、船舶、住宅等建築物等用途。此處所說的低頻率範圍可設為頻率為1000 Hz以下的範圍，所述吸音材料在250 Hz～1000 Hz的、特別是500 Hz～1000 Hz的頻率範圍具有優異的吸音特性。
＜車輛構件＞
車輛構件包括所述的吸音材料。作為車輛構件，例如可列舉以下的形態。車輛構件可為汽車構件。
外裝：作為車輛用外裝材的吸音構件的車輛構件、車輛用外裝材。
作為外裝，可列舉（車輛用）底蓋（under cover）或底部保護裝置、防音罩等，具體而言，可列舉發動機底蓋、底板底蓋、後底蓋、變速器蓋、翼子板襯套/保護器或擋泥板等。
內裝：作為車輛用內裝材的吸音構件的車輛構件、車輛用內裝材。
作為內裝，可列舉車輛用消音器、車輛用隔音體等，具體而言可列舉車頂材（頂部消音器）、儀錶板消音器、底板消音器、底板地毯、頂蓋消音器等。
其他：輪胎用吸音材料。
作為輪胎用吸音材料，可列舉車輛用蓋、殼體等與所述吸音材料組合而成的吸音結構體。
以下列出本實施方式的內容。
一種吸音材料，依次包括：保護層、具有連通孔的第一基材層、以及具有連通孔的第二基材層，且保護層的由下述式（I）表示的柔軟強韌值為1～75[MPa/μm]。
柔軟強韌值=（25℃下的保護層的拉伸彈性係數[MPa]×保護層的蕭氏A硬度）/保護層厚度[μm] ･･･（I）
所述吸音材料中，保護層為包含彈性體的層。
所述吸音材料中，保護層為不織布。
所述吸音材料中，在保護層與第一基材層之間更包括樹脂層。
所述吸音材料中，樹脂層包含聚烯烴、聚酯或聚醯胺。
所述吸音材料中，在樹脂層的至少任一個表面更包括金屬蒸鍍層。
所述吸音材料中，第一基材層及第二基材層為樹脂發泡體或不織布。
所述吸音材料中，第一基材層的厚度較第二基材層的厚度薄。
所述吸音材料中，其厚度為1 mm～100 mm。
一種車輛構件，包括所述的吸音材料。
[實施例]
以下，藉由實施例更詳細地說明本發明，但本發明並不限定於該些實施例。
（基材層的準備）
基材1：PET不織布（單位面積重量200 g/m
2，厚度3 mm）
基材2：PET不織布（單位面積重量250 g/m
2，厚度7 mm）
（保護層的準備）
準備表1、表2及表3所示的保護層。
厚度：將保護層切成200 mm×200 mm，藉由厚度測定器（數位厚度規 JAN-257 量規頭ϕ20 mm 尾池股份有限公司製作所製造）進行測定。測定部位設為中心及四角共計5個部位，將其平均值設為保護層的厚度。
拉伸彈性係數：藉由拉伸試驗機（EZ-Test，島津製作所股份有限公司製造）進行測定。準備20 mm×50 mm的樣品，將使用拉伸試驗機以拉伸速度100 mm/min拉伸該樣品時的25℃下的最大彈性係數設為所述拉伸彈性係數。在有TD方向及MD方向的情況下，採用彈性係數低的一方。測定次數設為3次，將其平均值設為保護層的拉伸彈性係數。
蕭氏A硬度：藉由硬度計（類型A）進行測定。準備20 mm×50 mm的樣品，以厚度成為1 mm以上的方式將樣品重疊，將利用硬度計對該樣品測定的硬度設為蕭氏A硬度。測定部位設為中心及四角共計5個部位，將其平均值設為保護層的蕭氏A硬度。
[表1]
| 實施例 | ||||
| E1 | E2 | E3 | ||
| 種類 | - | 聚胺基甲酸酯 彈性體 | 聚胺基甲酸酯 彈性體 | 聚胺基甲酸酯 彈性體 |
| 平均纖維直徑 | μmϕ | - | - | - |
| 厚度 | μm | 50.1 | 99.8 | 501.2 |
| 面重量 | g/m 2 | 60.0 | 116.1 | 611.9 |
| 密度 | g/cm 3 | 1.20 | 1.16 | 1.22 |
| 拉伸彈性係數 | MPa | 32.2 | 30.5 | 35.8 |
| 蕭氏A硬度 | - | 85 | 85 | 92 |
| 柔軟強韌值 | MPa/μm | 54.7 | 25.9 | 6.6 |
[表2]
| 實施例 | ||||||
| E4 | E5 | E6 | E7 | E8 | ||
| 種類 | - | PET 不織布 | PET 不織布 | PET 不織布 | PET 不織布 | PET 不織布 |
| 平均纖維直徑 | μmϕ | 30.1 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 15.2 | 22.5 |
| 厚度 | μm | 398.6 | 402.1 | 450.1 | 595.2 | 430.5 |
| 面重量 | g/m 2 | 210.4 | 100.6 | 300.0 | 202.1 | 100.1 |
| 密度 | g/cm 3 | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.67 | 0.34 | 0.23 |
| 拉伸彈性係數 | MPa | 280.4 | 96.9 | 340.1 | 280.4 | 124.5 |
| 蕭氏A硬度 | - | 88 | 74 | 94 | 85 | 78 |
| 柔軟強韌值 | MPa/μm | 61.7 | 17.9 | 71.0 | 40.5 | 22.6 |
[表3]
| 比較例 | ||||||
| CE1 | CE2 | CE3 | CE4 | CE5 | ||
| 種類 | - | PET膜 | PET膜 | PET膜 | PP膜 | PET不織布 |
| 平均纖維直徑 | μmϕ | - | - | - | - | 6.3 |
| 厚度 | μm | 50.2 | 250.0 | 499.1 | 500.2 | 199.5 |
| 面重量 | g/m 2 | 69.1 | 350.3 | 701.0 | 451.9 | 100.0 |
| 密度 | g/cm 3 | 1.38 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 0.90 | 0.50 |
| 拉伸彈性係數 | MPa | 2155.7 | 852.7 | 448.6 | 399.6 | 422 |
| 蕭氏A硬度 | - | 98 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 86 |
| 柔軟強韌值 | MPa/μm | 4268.3 | 337.7 | 88.8 | 78.3 | 181.5 |
| 比較例 | ||||||
| CE6 | CE7 | CE8 | CE9 | CE10 | ||
| 種類 | - | PET 不織布 | 聚酯 彈性體 | 聚胺基甲酸酯 彈性體 | 鋁箔 | 鋁箔 |
| 平均纖維直徑 | μmϕ | 20.5 | - | - | - | - |
| 厚度 | μm | 400.0 | 59.7 | 31.1 | 500.2 | 250.4 |
| 面重量 | g/m 2 | 39.8 | 74.2 | 36.5 | 1355.1 | 680.9 |
| 密度 | g/cm 3 | 0.10 | 1.23 | 1.20 | 2.71 | 2.72 |
| 拉伸彈性係數 | MPa | 4.13 | 83.1 | 28.4 | 598.6 | 1272.3 |
| 蕭氏A硬度 | - | 75 | 94 | 85 | 98 | 98 |
| 柔軟強韌值 | MPa/μm | 0.8 | 130.2 | 80.5 | 117.3 | 498.7 |
（樹脂層的準備）
準備以下的樹脂層。
兩面鋁蒸鍍聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜（AlPET）：厚度12 μm
（接著劑層的準備）
準備以下的接著劑層。
雙面膠帶：昭和電工材料（Materials）股份有限公司、海彭（Hi-Bon）11-652、厚度0.12 mm
（吸音材料的製作）
製作具有表4及表5所示的結構的吸音材料。各層的接著使用了雙面膠帶。
（吸音材料的吸音特性評價）
按照以下方法測定所製作的各吸音材料的垂直入射吸音率。自保護層側使聲音入射。將500 Hz～1000 Hz下的垂直入射吸音率的平均值作為平均吸音率算出，並且將垂直入射吸音率的最大值設為最大吸音率。在平均吸音率為0.45以上，且最大吸音率為0.65以上的情況下，判斷為低頻率範圍（500 Hz～1000 Hz）中的吸音特性優異。將結果示於表4及表5中。
裝置名：4206型阻抗管（B&K（BRUEL&KJAER（布魯爾&凱爾））公司）
測定方法：垂直入射吸音率（根據JIS A 1405-1）
測定範圍：50 Hz～1600 Hz
（吸音材料的耐久性評價）
對所製作的各吸音材料的耐久性（耐崩裂（chipping）性）進行評價。評價使用飛石試驗機JA400（須賀（Suga）試驗機股份有限公司製造），將7號碎石850 g以0.4 MPa的壓力接觸保護層。然後，目視確認保護層表面的狀態，按照以下的基準對耐久性進行評價。在為A評價或B評價的情況下，判斷為耐久性優異。將結果示於表4及表5中。
A：無穿孔，無打痕。
B：無穿孔，有打痕。
C：有穿孔（小於5個部位）。
D：有穿孔（5個部位以上）。
[表4]
| 實施例 | |||||||||
| 保護層 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | E6 | E7 | E8 | |
| 樹脂層 | - | - | - | 有 | 有 | 有 | 有 | 有 | |
| 基材層1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | |
| 基材層2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | |
| 垂直入射吸音率 | 平均 | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.49 |
| 最大 | 0.66 | 0.72 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.66 | |
| 耐久性 | - | B | A | A | A | B | A | A | A |
[表5]
| 比較例 | ||||||
| 保護層 | CE1 | CE2 | CE3 | CE4 | CE5 | |
| 樹脂層 | - | - | - | - | 有 | |
| 基材層1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | |
| 基材層2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | |
| 垂直入射 吸音率 | 平均 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.46 |
| 最大 | 0.75 | 0.70 | 0.59 | 0.69 | 0.76 | |
| 耐久性 | - | D | D | C | C | D |
| 比較例 | ||||||
| 保護層 | CE6 | CE7 | GE8 | CE9 | CE10 | |
| 樹脂層 | 有 | - | - | - | - | |
| 基材層1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | 基材1 | |
| 基材層2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | 基材2 | |
| 垂直入射 吸音率 | 平均 | 0.45 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.46 | 0.47 |
| 最大 | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.51 | |
| 耐久性 | - | C | C | D | B | B |
1:保護層
2:具有連通孔的第一基材層
3:具有連通孔的第二基材層
4:樹脂層
10、20:吸音材料
圖1是一實施方式的吸音材料的示意剖面圖。
圖2是一實施方式的吸音材料的示意剖面圖。
1:保護層
2:具有連通孔的第一基材層
3:具有連通孔的第二基材層
10:吸音材料
Claims (10)
- 一種吸音材料，依次包括：保護層、具有連通孔的第一基材層、以及具有連通孔的第二基材層， 所述保護層的由下述式（I）表示的柔軟強韌值為1～75[MPa/μm]， 柔軟強韌值=（25℃下的保護層的拉伸彈性係數[MPa]×保護層的蕭氏A硬度）/保護層厚度[μm] ･･･（I）。
- 如請求項1所述的吸音材料，其中，所述保護層為包含彈性體的層。
- 如請求項1所述的吸音材料，其中，所述保護層為不織布。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述的吸音材料，其中，在所述保護層與所述第一基材層之間更包括樹脂層。
- 如請求項4所述的吸音材料，其中，所述樹脂層包含聚烯烴、聚酯或聚醯胺。
- 如請求項4或5所述的吸音材料，其中，在所述樹脂層的至少任一個表面更包括金屬蒸鍍層。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項所述的吸音材料，其中，所述第一基材層及所述第二基材層為樹脂發泡體或不織布。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項所述的吸音材料，其中，所述第一基材層的厚度較所述第二基材層的厚度薄。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項所述的吸音材料，其厚度為1 mm～100 mm。
- 一種車輛構件，包括如請求項1至9中任一項所述的吸音材料。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2021/015719 WO2022219807A1 (ja) | 2021-04-16 | 2021-04-16 | 吸音材及び車両部材 |
| WOPCT/JP2021/015719 | 2021-04-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW202244891A true TW202244891A (zh) | 2022-11-16 |
Family
ID=83640300
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW111114308A TW202244891A (zh) | 2021-04-16 | 2022-04-14 | 吸音材料及車輛構件 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4306365A4 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2022219807A1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN117121093A (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW202244891A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2022219807A1 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10226006A (ja) * | 1997-02-14 | 1998-08-25 | Kasai Kogyo Co Ltd | 遮音構造体 |
| JP2003316366A (ja) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-07 | Suzuki Motor Corp | 吸音材及びその製造方法 |
| JP2018141838A (ja) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-09-13 | 日東電工株式会社 | 吸音材 |
| WO2020213139A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-22 | 日立化成株式会社 | 吸音材 |
| WO2020213140A1 (ja) | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-22 | 日立化成株式会社 | 吸音材 |
-
2021
- 2021-04-16 JP JP2023514300A patent/JPWO2022219807A1/ja active Pending
- 2021-04-16 CN CN202180096521.XA patent/CN117121093A/zh active Pending
- 2021-04-16 WO PCT/JP2021/015719 patent/WO2022219807A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2021-04-16 EP EP21937001.2A patent/EP4306365A4/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-04-14 TW TW111114308A patent/TW202244891A/zh unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022219807A1 (ja) | 2022-10-20 |
| CN117121093A (zh) | 2023-11-24 |
| EP4306365A1 (en) | 2024-01-17 |
| EP4306365A4 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
| JPWO2022219807A1 (zh) | 2022-10-20 |
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