TW202244259A - Method of manufacturing solid recovered fuel - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Description
本發明是有關於一種廢棄物再利用轉換為能源運用處理方法,特別是指一種固態再生燃料(SRF)製造方法。The present invention relates to a treatment method for converting waste into energy, in particular to a solid renewable fuel (SRF) manufacturing method.
查,無論是舊物品傢俱汰舊換新,或舊屋重新裝潢時,往往皆會產生廢棄之形狀大小不一的木製傢俱、舊裝潢拆卸下之廢木材及廢塑膠物品等,亦或者是木材加工、製造業生產過程中所產生欲丟棄的木屑等,而通常處理方式皆是先將該等廢棄物初步進行處理後,便以掩埋或直接燃燒焚化方式進行,以期望有效降低數量龐大的廢棄物的產生,然而,在現今土地資源取用有限的情況下,若要將上述廢棄物件進行掩埋,不但需要備具範圍寬廣的掩埋場地才能完全將其掩埋,掩埋後則會造成土壤汙染外,而該土地必須等待多年後才能再使用,當然,若以燃燒焚化方式,焚燒後產生的氣體會對環境形成空污傷害,而且灰燼仍需另僻場地進行掩埋,如此同樣會對環境造成二度傷害,實需改進。Whether it is the replacement of old items and furniture, or the redecoration of old houses, there will often be discarded wooden furniture of different shapes and sizes, waste wood and plastic waste from old decoration dismantling, or wood Wood chips, etc. that are to be discarded in the process of processing and manufacturing production, are usually disposed of first after preliminary treatment of such waste, and then carried out by landfill or direct combustion incineration, in order to effectively reduce the huge amount of waste. However, in the current situation of limited access to land resources, if the above-mentioned waste objects are to be buried, not only must a wide range of burial sites be provided to completely bury them, but the burial will also cause soil pollution. And the land must wait for many years before it can be used again. Of course, if it is burned and incinerated, the gas generated after incineration will cause air pollution damage to the environment, and the ashes still need to be buried in a remote place, which will also cause double damage to the environment. Injuries need to be improved.
有鑒於此,在隨著天然燃料逐漸缺乏的情況下,故有許多業者針對廢棄物轉換為能源燃料進行研發,即如中華民國公開第20123891號專利「汙泥製成衍生燃料之方法」、中華民國公告第I531425號專利「生物汙泥製成生質燃料之方法」及中華民國公告第431106號專利「高燃燒效率植物燃料之製成」等各專利前案,其皆是敘述將廢棄物料有效轉換製作為一可利用之燃料;惟,在前述各案件中,其在製造工序中都必需先將該廢棄物料予以進行磨碎至5mm以下,甚至為粉末,而後再透過添加膠結料方式,以及透過一壓製成型顆粒或片狀成型機的配合,將該等廢棄物料予以固化定型為統一規格大小之顆粒狀、碎片等形狀,如此一來製造成本也會因額外添加料的增加與壓製成型顆粒或片狀成型機的增設,而導致製造成本增加;因此,本案發明人特此針對在無需額外添加物,及無需增加造粒、造片之成型機之使用等問題加以改進研發,俾提出本案申請。In view of this, with the gradual shortage of natural fuels, many companies are conducting research and development on converting waste into energy fuels, such as the Republic of China Publication No. 20123891 "Method for Making Derivative Fuels from Sludge", China The Republic of China Announcement No. I531425 Patent "Method for Making Biomass Fuel from Biological Sludge" and the Republic of China Announcement No. 431106 Patent "Preparation of Plant Fuel with High Combustion Efficiency" and other previous patents all describe the effective use of waste materials Converting it into a usable fuel; however, in each of the aforementioned cases, it is necessary to first grind the waste material to a size below 5mm, or even powder, and then add binders in the manufacturing process, and Through the cooperation of a compressed granule or sheet forming machine, the waste materials are solidified and shaped into granules and fragments of uniform size, so that the manufacturing cost will also be reduced due to the increase of additional additives and the compressed granules Or the addition of a sheet forming machine will lead to an increase in manufacturing costs; therefore, the inventor of this case hereby aims to improve the research and development of problems such as no need for additional additives, and no need to increase the use of granulation and tablet forming machines, so as to propose this application .
因此,本發明之目的,是在提供一種固態再生燃料(SRF)製造方法,其能將欲丟棄之廢棄物以資源化方式加工處理為一固態再生燃料(SRF),以供燃燒進行能源轉換,有效達到廢棄物轉換再利用之環保功效。Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid renewable fuel (SRF) manufacturing method, which can process the waste to be discarded into a solid renewable fuel (SRF) in a resourceful manner for combustion for energy conversion, Effectively achieve the environmental protection effect of waste conversion and reuse.
於是,本發明固態再生燃料(SRF)製造方法,其依序包含有一備料步驟、一破碎步驟、一篩選步驟及一混合成型步驟;其中,該破碎步驟具有一破碎設備,針對所得廢木材進行處理破碎成為塊、片狀,再於該篩選步驟對破碎後之塊、片狀該等廢木材進行不同尺寸的篩選,而後再根據集收且至少30公分(含)以下之廢木材、木屑及廢塑膠,分別進行後續的混合作業(即該混合成型步驟),使該廢木材、木屑及塑膠於混合過程中相互產生摩擦力與擠壓,以形成複數形狀不一之固態再生燃料(SRF),如此能有效將欲丟棄之廢棄物以資源化方式加工處理為一固態再生燃料,以供燃燒後轉換為能源運用,有效達到廢棄物轉換為有價再利用之環保功效。Therefore, the solid renewable fuel (SRF) manufacturing method of the present invention includes a material preparation step, a crushing step, a screening step, and a mixing and molding step in sequence; wherein, the crushing step has a crushing device for processing the obtained waste wood Broken into pieces and flakes, and then in the screening step, the broken pieces and flakes of waste wood are screened in different sizes, and then according to the collected waste wood, sawdust and waste Plastics are subjected to subsequent mixing operations (that is, the mixing molding step), so that the waste wood, wood chips and plastics generate friction and extrusion with each other during the mixing process to form a plurality of solid renewable fuels (SRF) with different shapes. In this way, the waste to be discarded can be effectively processed into a solid renewable fuel in a resourceful manner, which can be converted into energy after burning, and effectively achieve the environmental protection effect of converting waste into valuable reuse.
圖1是本發明一較佳實施例之製造流程方塊圖。 圖2是該較佳實施例之混合製成示意圖。 Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the manufacturing process of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of mixing and making in this preferred embodiment.
有關本發明之前述及其他技術內容、特點與功效,在以下配合參考圖式之較佳實施例的詳細說明中,將可清楚的明白。The aforementioned and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention will be clearly understood in the following detailed description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings.
參閱圖1,本發明一較佳實施例,該固態再生燃料(SRF)製造方法,包含有一備料步驟、一破碎步驟、一篩選步驟及一混合成型步驟等;其中,該備料步驟係備置廢棄且具有熱值為至少3500~4500Kcal/kg之廢木材、熱值至少為4000Kcal/kg(含)以上之木屑予以集收,同時備具有熱值至少為6000Kcal/kg(含)以上之廢塑膠,且前述該廢木材的含水率為10~40%間,同時該廢木材、木屑及廢塑膠的混合比例可為50~60%重量百分比:15~20%重量百分比:20~35%重量百分比。Referring to Fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid renewable fuel (SRF) manufacturing method includes a material preparation step, a crushing step, a screening step and a mixing molding step, etc.; Collect waste wood with a calorific value of at least 3500~4500Kcal/kg, wood chips with a calorific value of at least 4000Kcal/kg (inclusive), and waste plastics with a calorific value of at least 6000Kcal/kg (inclusive), and The aforementioned waste wood has a moisture content of 10-40%, and the mixing ratio of the waste wood, sawdust and waste plastic can be 50-60% by weight: 15-20% by weight: 20-35% by weight.
再者,該破碎步驟可將前述該廢木材置入一破碎設備,藉由該破碎設備可依據所設定之破碎尺寸大小需求進行處理, 以使該廢木材由大體積的形態經破碎作業處理後,以降低該廢木材的體積進而形成複數塊大小不一的塊、片狀形態,當然同樣亦可針對形狀較大之該廢塑膠進行破碎處理,以降低該廢塑膠的尺寸;至於,該篩選步驟備具一篩選設備,以針對前一步驟經破碎後之該廢木材進行較佳尺寸大、小之篩選,所以在篩選程序的設定上僅要篩分出有尺寸大小為30公分(含)以下、30公分以上及夾雜於該等廢木材中的廢五金等之區分,而前述經篩選後大於30公分以上之該廢木材得以再經該破碎步驟進行處理,以再一次降低該廢木材的體積後,重新進入該篩選步驟再次篩分處理,同時經篩選出的廢五金可統一集收再運用到不同領域處使用。Furthermore, in the crushing step, the above-mentioned waste wood can be put into a crushing equipment, and the crushing equipment can be processed according to the set crushing size requirements, so that the waste wood can be crushed from a large volume. , so as to reduce the volume of the waste wood and form a plurality of blocks and flakes of different sizes. Of course, the waste plastic with a larger shape can also be crushed to reduce the size of the waste plastic; as for the screening The step is equipped with a screening device to screen the waste wood with a size of 30 cm (inclusive) in the setting of the screening program. Distinguish between those below 30 centimeters and above, and waste hardware mixed in the waste wood, and the above-mentioned waste wood that is larger than 30 centimeters after screening can be processed through the crushing step to reduce the waste wood again. After volume, re-enter the screening step and screen again. At the same time, the screened waste hardware can be collected in a unified way and used in different fields.
接續前述,該混合成型步驟備具有一混合成型設備,俾將備料步驟所得之廢木屑、廢塑膠,以及篩選為30公分(含)以下之該廢木材進行混合掺配,當然為使該等物料得以達到充分混合,可於該混合成型設備中另設有一攪拌單元,以使該等物料得以受到該攪拌單元的充分攪動與撥動,且在混合過程中鑒於該廢木材中含有水量、而該廢塑膠的原料是石油,因此當該等廢木材及木屑及廢塑膠於混合過程中形成相互摩擦力與擠壓,並在摩擦與相互擠壓中產生溫度,透過溫度的產生可使該廢木材中的水分釋出,且該廢木屑中的木質或纖維質也會因此而略為塑化成天然膠水性質,而該廢塑膠也會通過不斷的摩擦力與擠壓作用下進一步釋出油質,藉此可利用該等廢棄物本身所釋出的水分、天然膠水性質與油質為膠結物料,使該廢木材、木屑及廢塑膠在混合過程中產生掺配作用,進而凝結成複數形狀不一的固態形狀之固態再生燃料(SRF),如此即可完成該固態再生燃料(SRF)製造方法。Continuing from the foregoing, the mixing and molding step is equipped with a mixing and molding equipment to mix and mix the waste wood chips, waste plastics obtained in the material preparation step, and the waste wood that is screened to be less than 30 centimeters (inclusive). Of course, in order to make these materials To achieve sufficient mixing, a stirring unit can be installed in the mixing molding equipment, so that the materials can be fully stirred and stirred by the stirring unit, and in the mixing process, in view of the amount of water contained in the waste wood, and the The raw material of waste plastic is petroleum, so when the waste wood, sawdust and waste plastic form mutual friction and extrusion during the mixing process, and generate temperature during friction and mutual extrusion, the generation of temperature can make the waste wood The moisture in the waste wood is released, and the wood or fiber in the waste wood chips will be slightly plasticized into natural glue properties, and the waste plastic will further release oil through continuous friction and extrusion. This can use the water released by the waste itself, the nature of natural glue and oil as the cementing material, so that the waste wood, sawdust and waste plastic can be blended during the mixing process, and then condensed into a plurality of different shapes. Solid form of solid regenerative fuel (SRF), so that the solid regenerative fuel (SRF) manufacturing method can be completed.
參閱圖圖1及圖2,進行製造工序時,收集有裝潢拆卸、丟棄之木製傢俱等廢木材、經木材加工、製造業生產過程中所產生欲丟棄的木屑及廢棄之塑膠物品等(即備料步驟),由鑒於該廢木材的體積較大,以及所收集到之廢塑膠中亦也有形狀尺寸較大的物件,這時利用該破碎設備可調整欲破碎至欲取得尺寸範圍內之數值大小的控制,以使該廢木材、塑膠分別進行破碎處理,使得該廢木材、廢塑膠因破碎後而形成為複數塊大小不一的塊、片狀形態,而後再透過該篩選設備之篩選尺寸條件的設定,以對破碎後且尺寸大小不一之該廢木材進行小於30公分(含)以下的尺寸篩分,而針對此次篩選所得之尺寸大於30公分以上的該廢木材,得以再進行一次破碎的工序,以有效降低該廢木材的尺寸,以使再次經破碎後該廢木材再重新進入該篩選設備的篩選處理,直至完成該廢木材尺寸皆符合篩選條件內,同時在該篩選過程中經篩選出的廢五金,得以另外集收且運用到不同領域處使用,以達到廢棄物完全再利用,即完成篩選步驟。Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2. During the manufacturing process, waste wood such as decoration disassembly and discarded wooden furniture, wood chips to be discarded and discarded plastic items generated during wood processing and manufacturing processes (that is, material preparation) are collected. step), in view of the large volume of the waste wood, and the collected waste plastics also have objects with large shapes and sizes, at this time, the crushing equipment can be used to adjust the control of the numerical value to be crushed to the desired size range So that the waste wood and plastic are crushed separately, so that the waste wood and plastic are formed into a plurality of blocks and flakes of different sizes after being crushed, and then pass through the setting of the screening size conditions of the screening equipment , so that the size of the waste wood that is smaller than 30 cm (inclusive) is screened after crushing and the size of the waste wood is larger than 30 cm. process, to effectively reduce the size of the waste wood, so that the waste wood re-enters the screening process of the screening equipment after being crushed again, until the size of the waste wood meets the screening conditions, and is screened during the screening process The waste hardware produced can be collected and used in different fields to achieve complete reuse of waste, that is, to complete the screening step.
仍續上述,將前述已符合篩選條件內且形狀不同之該等廢木材、廢木屑及廢塑膠,分別一一置入於該混合成型設備中,透過該混合成型設備的啟動,使該等廢棄物料在該混合成型設備內受到該攪拌單元的攪動與撥動,以使該廢木材、木屑及廢塑膠在混合過程中相互形成摩擦、擠壓及碰撞,並在摩擦與擠壓的作用下,該廢木材與廢塑膠分別會釋出水分與油質於該混合成型設備中,而該廢木屑則會略為塑化成天然膠水性質,藉此通過充分的攪動工序,可使釋出的水分、油質及略為塑化成天然膠水性質,得以有效於該等廢棄物料中形成一具掺配作用的膠結材料,藉此可使該廢木材、木屑及廢塑膠逐漸相互達到膠結作用,使得該廢木材、木屑及廢塑膠經過一段時間的混合工序後,便會凝結成複數形狀不一的固態形狀之固態再生燃料(SRF),最後完成混合工序後,可分別將已膠結完成之該等固態再生燃料(SRF)自該混合成型設備取出,如此即完成該固態再生燃料(SRF)製造方法,當然更可視製造完成該等固態再生燃料(SRF)的狀態進行置放後再供應使用;是以,在本發明中若以該廢木材、廢木屑及廢塑膠分別以2000噸/月:廢木屑500噸/月: 1000噸/月來進行製造,其得以產生約有3500噸/月的固態再生燃料(SRF),並備具有熱值至少為4500~6000Kcal/kg的可快速轉換為能源作用,有效達到廢棄物資源再利用之環保功效。Continuing with the above, put the above-mentioned waste wood, waste wood chips and waste plastics that have met the screening conditions and have different shapes into the hybrid molding equipment one by one, and through the activation of the hybrid molding equipment, the waste The materials are stirred and moved by the stirring unit in the mixing molding equipment, so that the waste wood, wood chips and waste plastics form friction, extrusion and collision with each other during the mixing process, and under the action of friction and extrusion, The waste wood and waste plastic will release water and oil respectively in the mixed molding equipment, and the waste wood chips will be slightly plasticized into natural glue properties, so that the released water and oil can be made through a sufficient stirring process. The quality and slightly plasticized nature of natural glue can effectively form a cementing material with blending effect in these waste materials, so that the waste wood, sawdust and waste plastic can gradually achieve mutual cementation, making the waste wood, After a period of mixing process of wood chips and waste plastics, they will condense into solid recycled fuels (SRF) in solid shapes with different shapes. After the final mixing process, the cemented solid recycled fuels ( SRF) is taken out from the mixing and molding equipment, so that the solid renewable fuel (SRF) manufacturing method is completed, and of course it can be placed in the state where the solid renewable fuel (SRF) has been manufactured and then supplied for use; therefore, in this In the invention, if the waste wood, waste wood chips and waste plastics are respectively manufactured at 2000 tons/month: waste wood chips 500 tons/month: 1000 tons/month, it can produce about 3500 tons/month of solid renewable fuel (SRF ), and has a calorific value of at least 4500~6000Kcal/kg that can be quickly converted into energy, effectively achieving the environmental protection effect of waste resource reuse.
由上述之說明,本發明確實具有以下所列之優點與功效:From the above description, the present invention really has the following advantages and effects:
1.本發明係將大量廢棄之木材、木屑及塑膠予以集收,且先進行破碎後再針對不同尺寸與廢五金的區分作業,故方法最簡單且費用成本低,同時篩選分出的廢五金還可再運用,進行能減少廢棄物對環境的污染。1. The present invention collects a large amount of waste wood, wood chips and plastics, and first crushes them and then separates waste metals of different sizes. Therefore, the method is the simplest and the cost is low. At the same time, the separated waste metals are screened It can also be reused to reduce the pollution of waste to the environment.
2.本發明之混合成型步驟,在不用額外提供膠結物料的情況下,其利用在混合工序中攪動時,可使該等廢棄物料在相互摩擦、擠壓與碰撞中產生溫度,藉此可使隱藏於各廢棄物內的水分、天然膠水性質與油質等特質予以有效被釋放出,以形成一具掺配作用的膠結材料,使得該廢木材、木屑及塑膠因而凝結成複數形狀不一的固態形狀之固態再生燃料(SRF),如此確實能有效將廢棄物減量而到達到再利用的環保功效。2. In the mixed molding step of the present invention, without providing additional cementing materials, when it is stirred in the mixing process, the waste materials can be made to generate temperature during mutual friction, extrusion and collision, thereby enabling The moisture, natural glue properties, and oil properties hidden in each waste are effectively released to form a cementing material with a blending effect, so that the waste wood, wood chips, and plastics are condensed into multiple shapes. The Solid Renewable Fuel (SRF) in solid form can effectively reduce the amount of waste and achieve the environmental protection effect of reuse.
歸納前述,本發明固態再生燃料(SRF)製造方法,藉備料步驟、破碎步驟、篩選步驟及混合成型步驟等一貫化工序實施,進而得以有效提高廢棄物再利用功效,且更於製造程序中,可在不需額外提供膠結物料的情況下,便可使該等廢棄物相互達到膠結作用,且形成複數形狀不一的固態形狀之固態再生燃料(SRF),因此有效達到降低作業成本,及廢棄物減量再利用的環保功效。To sum up the above, the solid renewable fuel (SRF) manufacturing method of the present invention is implemented through the integrated steps of material preparation, crushing, screening, and mixing molding, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of waste recycling, and moreover, in the manufacturing process, Without the need to provide additional cementing materials, these wastes can be cemented with each other and form solid renewable fuels (SRF) in a plurality of solid shapes with different shapes, so it can effectively reduce operating costs and waste The environmental protection effect of material reduction and reuse.
惟以上所述者,僅為說明本發明之較佳實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍及發明說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆應仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。But the above is only to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the present invention, that is, all the simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the present invention and the content of the description of the invention , should still fall within the scope covered by the patent of the present invention.
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