TW202242177A - 沉積氮化矽層之方法、半導體結構、及沉積系統 - Google Patents

沉積氮化矽層之方法、半導體結構、及沉積系統 Download PDF

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TW202242177A
TW202242177A TW111110732A TW111110732A TW202242177A TW 202242177 A TW202242177 A TW 202242177A TW 111110732 A TW111110732 A TW 111110732A TW 111110732 A TW111110732 A TW 111110732A TW 202242177 A TW202242177 A TW 202242177A
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reaction chamber
reactant
pulse period
silicon nitride
silane
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TW111110732A
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飯嶋俊章
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荷蘭商Asm Ip私人控股有限公司
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    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
    • H01L21/31Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
    • H01L21/3105After-treatment
    • H01L21/311Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
    • H01L21/31105Etching inorganic layers
    • H01L21/31111Etching inorganic layers by chemical means

Abstract

本揭露揭示一種在基板表面上沉積氮化矽之方法。此些方法包括使用一中間處理程序來增加氮化矽層之品質,及一第二處理程序。

Description

使用中間處理程序沉積氮化矽之方法及系統
本揭露大致上係關於一種形成某些適用於形成電子裝置之結構的方法及系統。尤其,本揭露之實例係關於形成包含氮化矽之層的方法及系統。
在形成電子裝置(例如:半導體裝置)之期間,可能會需要沉積多個氮化矽層,以覆蓋高深寬比的特徵。原子層沉積(Atomic layer deposition,ALD)可被用來保形地(conformally)沉積氮化矽,以覆蓋這樣的特徵。
在一些情況中,電漿輔助製程,例如:電漿輔助原子層沉積(plasma-enhanced ALD,PEALD),可被用來沉積氮化矽。相較於沒有使用電漿之方法,電漿輔助之製程可在相對低的溫度下操作,且/或展現相對高的沉積速率。
不幸的是,使用電漿輔助原子層沉積沉積氮化矽於高深寬比的特徵時(例如:深寬比為3或以上的間隙)可在膜品質上展現相對高的變動。例如,跟在基板頂部及/或特徵頂部上之氮化矽的濕式蝕刻速率相比,沿著特徵的側壁上之氮化矽的濕式蝕刻速率可以是相對地高。此外,使用電漿輔助原子層沉積沉積之氮化矽可在覆蓋高深寬比特徵時展現相對不良的階梯覆蓋率(step coverage),其可導致氮化矽產生不期待的膜厚變化,且/或此些特徵產生不期待的不良間隙填充。
為了克服這類的問題,目前已有若干的技術被提出來。例如,Pore等人之美國專利第9,887,082號揭示一種用於填充間隙之方法。此方法包括:提供一前驅物至一反應室中,以在一基板的表面上形成被吸附的物種;使此被吸附的物種暴露至一氮電漿,以在此特徵之頂部處形成包括氮之物種;及提供一反應物電漿至此反應室,其中氮是作為對此反應物的一抑制劑,這導致與傳統電漿輔助原子層沉積技術相比,較少材料會被沉積在此間隙的頂部。這類的技術能夠使所產生的氮化矽具有比傳統技術較少之空洞(voids)或接縫(seams),但仍然能夠在氮化矽內形成空洞及接縫,尤其是在間隙之深寬比較高時。再者,使用這類的技術所沉積之氮化矽的濕式蝕刻速率對於一些應用而言可為無法接受地高。
因此,如今需要的是在基板表面上沉積氮化矽之改良方法,以及使用這類的方法所形成的結構。任何有關於相關技術之問題及解決方案的討論,僅為提供本揭露之背景脈絡而包括於本說明書中,且不應被視為承認任何或全部的討論在本揭露完成之際為已知。
本揭露的各種實施例係關於在基板表面上形成氮化矽層的方法,以及用來形成氮化矽層的系統。本文所述之方法可被用在各種的應用中,包括氮化矽襯層(liner layers)之形成、及/或氮化矽間隙填充製程。雖然下文將更詳細地討論本揭露之各種實施例如何解決先前方法、系統及結構之缺陷的辦法,但大體上本揭露之各種實施例係提供一種改良之方法,用以形成品質穩定的氮化矽層及/或改良的間隙填充。
根據一些實施例,本揭露提供一種沉積一氮化矽層之方法。此方法可包括提供一基板於一反應室中;於提供一矽前驅物至此反應室進行一矽前驅物脈衝時段;於提供一氮反應物至此反應室進行一氮反應物脈衝時段;於提供一沉積電漿功率進行一沉積電漿脈衝時段,以在此反應室中形成一電漿;執行一中間或第一電漿處理;及執行一第二電漿處理。中間電漿處理可包括提供一氫反應物至此反應室進行一氫反應物脈衝時段,其中此氮反應物脈衝時段及此氫反應物脈衝時段係重疊一重疊時段;且在此重疊時段之期間,提供一第一處理電漿功率至此反應室進行一第一處理電漿脈衝時段。此第二電漿處理可包括提供一第二處理電漿功率至此反應室進行一第二處理電漿脈衝時段,其中此氫反應物脈衝時段與此第二處理電漿脈衝時段沒有重疊。根據這些實施例的實例,此沉積電漿功率係大於此第二處理電漿功率。根據進一步的實例,此第一處理電漿功率係大於或等於此第二處理電漿功率。如下文之闡述,各種反應物可在一或多個沉積循環的期間被連續地饋送至此反應室,而其他反應物則以非連續地脈衝,以獲得所需之處理及層的特性。此外,反應物之流率及/或體積流量比可被控制,以形成具有所需特性之氮化矽。
又根據另一例示性實施例,本揭露提供一種沉積設備,其被配置以執行本文所述之方法。
又根據另一例示性實施例,本揭露提供一種結構,其包含根據本文所述之方法所沉積的氮化矽。
所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者從下列參考附圖之某些實施例的詳細描述將可輕易明白這些及其他實施例;本揭露不限制於任何所揭示之特定實施例。
雖然在下文揭示某些實施例及實例,但將理解本揭露延伸超出其特定揭示的實施例及/或用途以及其明顯的修改及均等物。因此,意欲所揭示本揭露的範疇應不受限於以下所述之具體揭示的實施例。
本揭露大致上係關於沉積氮化矽層至基板表面之方法、用於執行此些方法之沉積設備、及使用此些方法所形成之結構。如本文所述的方法及系統可被用以處理基板,以形成(例如)電子裝置。舉例而言,本文所述之系統及方法可被用以沉積具有相對均勻之膜品質(例如:濕式蝕刻速率)的氮化矽,以覆蓋高深寬比的特徵。另外或替代地,本文所述之方法及系統可被用以沉積具有所需間隙填充性質之氮化矽於凹槽中。
在本揭露中,氣體可包含在常溫及常壓下的一氣體、一汽化固體、及/或一汽化液體,且取決於上下文可以是由一單一氣體或一氣體混合物所構成。除了製程氣體外的一氣體,例如:沒有通過一氣體分配組件(例如:噴淋頭)、其他氣體分配裝置等而引入的一氣體,可被用於,例如,密封此反應空間,且可包含一密封氣體,例如:稀有氣體或其他惰性氣體。用語「惰性氣體」係指參與一化學反應未至一可評估之量的一氣體,及/或在施加電漿功率時能夠激發一前驅物的一氣體。用語「前驅物」和「反應物」可互換使用。
如本文所用,用語「基板」可指任何可被用來形成(或在其上形成)裝置、電路、或膜之底層材料。基板可包括塊材,例如:矽(例如:單晶矽)、其他IV族材料(例如:鍺)、或化合物半導體材料(例如:III-V族或II-VI族半導體),且可包括此塊材上面或下面的一或多層。再者,基板可包括各種形貌,例如:形成在基板之一層的至少一部分之內或之上的凹槽、線等。舉特定實例而言,基板可包括深寬比為3或以上的特徵(例如:凸部、凹槽、或間隙)。
在一些實施例中,「膜」係指實質上無小孔地在垂直於厚度方向之方向上連續地延伸,以覆蓋整個目標或關注表面之層,或單純係覆蓋目標或關注表面之層。在一些實施例中,層係指形成於一表面上之具有一某些厚度的一結構、或膜或一非膜結構的一同義詞。膜或層可由具有某些特性之獨立單一膜或層,或是多個膜或層所構成,且相鄰膜或層之間的邊界可能(或可能不)明確,且可基於(或可不基於)此些相鄰膜或層之物理、化學及/或任何其他特性、形成的製程或次序及/或功能或用途而建立。
在本揭露的一些實施例中,「連續地」可指一或多次不破壞真空、在時間線上無中斷、無任何材料介入步驟、未改變處理條件緊隨其後來作為下一步驟,或指在兩個結構之間(而非此兩結構本身)沒有一涉入之獨立的物理或化學結構。例如,可在一方法的二或多個步驟、及/或循環的期間連續地供應一反應物。
用語「週期沉積製程」或「循環沉積製程」可指依序引入前驅物(及/或反應物)至一反應室中以在一基板上方沉積一層,且包括處理技術,例如:原子層沉積(ALD)、循環化學氣相沉積(cyclical chemical vapor deposition,cyclical CVD)、及包括一原子層沉積成分及一循環式化學氣相沉積成分的混合式循環沉積製程。
如本文所用,用語「原子層沉積」(ALD)可指氣相沉積製程,在其中多個沉積循環,一般是複數個接續的沉積循環,係在一製程室中實施。一般而言,在每一個循環期間,前驅物係被引入且可被化學吸附至一沉積表面(例如:一基板表面或一先前沉積的底層表面,譬如來自一先前原子層沉積循環的材料),以形成不易與額外前驅物起反應的一單層或次單層(亦即,自我侷限反應(self-limiting reaction))。其後,反應物(例如:另一前驅物或反應氣體)可接續地被引入此製程室中,以用於將此被化學吸附的前驅物轉化為所需材料於此沉積表面上。一般而言,此反應物能夠進一步與此前驅物起反應。再者,在此被化學吸附前驅物的轉化之後,吹掃步驟亦可在每一循環期間被用來將過量前驅物從此製程室移除及/或將過量反應物及/或反應副產物從此製程室移除。再者,當前驅物組成、反應性氣體及吹掃(例如:惰性載體)氣體的交替脈衝執行時,用語「原子層沉積」,如本文所用,亦指包括由相關用語所指定的製程,例如:化學氣相原子層沉積(chemical vapor atomic layer deposition)、原子層磊晶(atomic layer epitaxy,ALE)、分子束磊晶(molecular beam epitaxy,MBE)、氣體源分子束磊晶(gas source MBE)、或有機金屬分子束磊晶(organometallic MBE)、以及化學束磊晶(chemical beam epitaxy)。電漿輔助原子層沉積係指一原子層沉積程序,其中電漿在一或多個原子層沉積步驟的期間被施加。
如本文所用,用語「吹掃」可指一程序,其中一惰性或實質上惰性的氣體被提供至一反應室,可以是持續地或是在彼此會起反應之氣體的兩個脈衝之間進行。例如,吹掃可在一前驅物脈衝與一反應物脈衝之間被提供,因此避免或至少減低此前驅物與此反應物之間的氣相交互作用。應理解,吹掃可能會受時間或空間或兩者影響。例如,在時間性吹掃的情況下,可使用一吹掃步驟,例如:依照時間序列依序提供一第一前驅物至一反應室、提供一吹掃氣體至此反應室、及提供一第二前驅物或一反應物至此反應室,其中在其上沉積有一層之基板沒有移動。在空間性吹掃的情況中,吹掃步驟可採取以下形式:將一基板從供應一第一前驅物的一第一位置經由一吹掃氣幕移動到供應一第二前驅物的一第二位置。
如本文所用,氮化矽係指包含矽及氮的材料。氮化矽可由化學式Si 3N 4表示。在某些情況中,此氮化矽可不包括化學計量的氮化矽。在某些情況下,此氮化矽可包含其他元素,例如碳、氮、氧、氫等。
如本文所用,用語「重疊」可意謂著在時間上及在一反應室中同時發生。例如,當二或多個反應物脈衝時段重疊時,存在一時間段,在當中此兩反應物中之每一者都被提供至(或存在於)此反應室中。
再者,在本揭露中,由於一可工作範圍可基於例行工作而被判定,因此一變數之任兩個數字可構成此變數的此可工作範圍,且任何所指示的範圍可包括或排除端值。此外,所指示的變量之任何數值(不管它們是否冠以「約」來指示)可指精確值或近似值並包括等效值,且在某些實施例中可指平均值、中間值、代表值、多數值等。再者,在本揭露中,用語「包括」、「由…構成」、及「具有」在某些實施例中可獨立地指「一般或廣泛地包含」、「包含」、「基本上由…所組成」或「由…所組成」。在本揭露中,任何被界定之意義不必然排除在某些實施例中的尋常及慣用涵義。
現參照圖式,第1圖係根據本揭露之至少一實施例所繪示的一方法100,其適用於沉積一氮化矽層。方法100包括下列步驟:在一反應室中提供一基板(步驟102)、沉積氮化矽(步驟104)、執行一中間處理(步驟106)、及執行一第二處理(步驟108)。方法100及/或其各樣的步驟可包括一循環(例如:原子層沉積)製程,例如:電漿輔助原子層沉積製程。
在步驟102期間,提供一基板到一反應器系統之一反應室中。根據本揭露之實例,此基板包括一表面,其包括多個圖案化特徵。此些圖案化特徵可包括凹槽,例如:溝槽、通孔或相鄰凸部之間的區域。在步驟202期間所使用的一反應室可以是(或包括)一化學氣相沉積反應器系統的一反應室,其被配置以執行一循環沉積製程,例如:電漿輔助原子層沉積製程。此反應室可以是一單獨的反應室,或是一集束型製程設備的一部分。以下將結合第4圖,更詳細地討論一合宜的例示性反應室。
步驟102可包括在此反應室內將此基板加熱至一所需的沉積溫度。在本揭露的某些實施例中,步驟102包括將此基板加熱至低於800°C的一溫度,例如,在本揭露的某些實施例中,將此基板加熱至一沉積溫度可包括將此基板加熱至介於約25°C與約700°C之間、約50°C與約600°C之間、約100°C與約500°C之間、約200°C與約400°C之間、或約300°C與約400°C之間的一溫度,而除了控制此基板的溫度外,亦可調節此反應室內的壓力。例如,在本揭露的一些實施例中,於步驟102期間,此反應室內的壓力可介於0.01托與約50托之間,或約0.1托與約30托之間。
在步驟104期間,所沉積之氮化矽的一層係被沉積並覆蓋著步驟102中所提供的基板。根據本揭露之實例,步驟104包括一循環電漿製程(例如:電漿輔助原子層沉積製程或其他循環製程),其包括活性物種之形成。
在所繪示之實例中,步驟104包括:提供一矽前驅物至此反應室進行一矽前驅物脈衝時段(子步驟110);提供一氮反應物至此反應室進行一氮反應物脈衝時段(子步驟112);及提供一沉積電漿功率進行一沉積電漿脈衝時段,以在此反應室中形成一電漿,以從此氮反應物形成激發態形式,進而形成所沉積之氮化矽的層(子步驟114)。在步驟104期間,壓力及/或溫度可以是在上述關聯步驟102所闡述的範圍中。
在子步驟110期間,提供此矽前驅物至此反應室。例示性矽前驅物可選自由矽烷、鹵矽烷、有機矽烷、及矽氮烷中之一或多者所組成之群組。舉特定實例而言,此矽前驅物可包括以下之一或多者:參(二甲胺基)矽烷(tri(dimethylamino)silane)、雙(第三丁基胺基)矽烷(bis(tert-butylamino)silane)、二(第二丁基胺基)矽烷(di(sec-butylamino)silane)、三甲矽烷基胺(trisilylamine)、新戊矽烷(neopentasilane)、雙(二甲基胺基)矽烷(bis(dimethylamino)silane)、(二甲基胺基)矽烷((dimethylamino)silane,DMAS)、雙(二乙基胺基)矽烷(bis(diethylamino)silane,BDEAS)、雙(乙基甲基胺基)矽烷(bis(ethylmethylamino)silane,BEMAS)、肆(二甲基胺基)矽烷(tetrakis(dimethylamino)silane,TKDMAS)、三甲基矽烷(trimethylsilane)(SiH(CH 3) 3)、四甲基矽烷(tetramethylsilane)(Si(Ch )4)、矽烷(silane)、四(乙氧基)矽烷(tetra(ethoxy)silane,TEOS,Si(OC 2H 5) 4)、參(第三丁氧基)矽醇(tri(tert-butoxy)silanol,TBOS)、參(第三戊氧基)矽醇(tris(tert-pentox)silanol,TPSOL)、二甲基二氯矽烷(dimethyldichlorosilane)(Si(OC 2H 5) 4、Si(CH 3) 2(OCH 3) 2)及矽烷家族(harosilane):例如SiI 4、HSiI 3、H 2SiI 2、H 3SiI、Si 2I 6、HSi 2I 5、H 2Si 2I 4、H 3Si 2I 3、H 4Si 2I 2、H 5Si 2I、Si 3I 8、HSiCl 3、H 2SiCl 2、H 3SiCl、H 2Si 2Cl 4、H 4Si 2Cl 2、SiCl 4、HSiCl 3及H 2SiCl 2。伴有一載流氣體之一前驅物的流率可在約500每分鐘標準毫升數(sccm)至約5000每分鐘標準毫升數的範圍內。包含此載流氣體及此前驅物氣體之氣體可包含體積百分比約5至含體積百分比約10之此前驅物氣體。
在子步驟110期間,例示性矽前驅物的流率可以是約1每分鐘標準毫升數至約500每分鐘標準毫升數,或約3每分鐘標準毫升數至約100每分鐘標準毫升數。在步驟104/子步驟110期間,矽前驅物流的脈衝時間可以是約0.1秒至約10秒、或約0.2秒至約3秒。
在子步驟112期間,一氮反應物被提供至此反應室進行一氮反應物脈衝時段。例示性氮反應物包括氮及可選地氧或氟。根據本揭露之實例,此氮反應物不包括氫。舉特定實例而言,此氮反應物可包括氮氣(N 2)、N 2O、NO、NF 3中之一或多者。氮反應物氣體流率可在約100每分鐘標準毫升數至約10000每分鐘標準毫升數的範圍內。此氮反應物脈衝時段的持續時間可在約0.05秒至約5秒之範圍內。
在子步驟114期間,施加一沉積電漿功率進行一沉積電漿脈衝時段,以在此反應室中形成一電漿(例如:在此反應室中之導電板之間)。根據這些實施例之實例,此沉積電漿功率之頻率可介於約13百萬赫(MHz)與約14百萬赫,或約26百萬赫與約28百萬赫之間。此第一處理電漿功率時段之持續時間可介於約1秒與約30秒之間。在子步驟114期間,此電漿之功率可(例如)介於約100瓦(W)與約1000瓦、或約400瓦與約800瓦之間。
中間處理步驟106包括:提供一氫反應物至此反應室進行一氫反應物脈衝時段(子步驟116);提供一氮反應物至此反應室進行一氮反應物脈衝時段(子步驟118);及提供一第一處理電漿功率至此反應室進行一第一處理電漿脈衝時段(子步驟120)。在步驟106期間,壓力及/或溫度可在如上述關連步驟102所闡述的範圍內。
在子步驟116期間,一氫反應物被提供至此反應室進行一氫反應物脈衝時段。氮反應物脈衝時段(子步驟112)及此氫反應物脈衝時段係重疊有一重疊時段。在此重疊時段期間,此氫反應物對此氮反應物之體積流量比係介於約0.0003:1與約0.1:1之間,以沉積出所需品質的氮化矽層。例示性氫反應物包括氫及(在某些實例中)氮。具體的例示性氫反應物可包括氫氣(H 2)、NH 3、N 2H 4、及N 2H 2中之一或多者。
子步驟118可為子步驟112之延續。此氮反應物及氮反應物之流率可如上所述。
子步驟120包括在此重疊時段期間(亦即:此氫反應物及此氮反應物兩者皆被提供至此反應室時),提供一第一處理電漿功率至此反應室進行一第一處理電漿脈衝時段。在子步驟120期間所施加之電漿功率的頻率可相同於在子步驟114期間所施加之電漿功率。在子步驟120期間,此電漿的功率可(例如)介於約100瓦與約1000瓦之間,或介於約400瓦與約800瓦之間。此第一處理電漿脈衝時段之持續時間可介於約1秒與約30秒之間。
在步驟108期間,在所沉積之氮化矽上進行一第二處理步驟。步驟108包括:提供一氮反應物至此反應室(子步驟122);及提供一第二處理電漿功率至此反應室進行一第二處理電漿脈衝時段(子步驟124)。
子步驟122可以是子步驟112及/或子步驟118之延續。此氮反應物及氮反應物之流率可如上所述。
在子步驟124期間,提供一第二處理電漿功率至此反應室進行一第二處理電漿脈衝時段。根據本揭露的實例,且如下所述,根據本揭露的實例,此氫反應物脈衝時段及此第二處理電漿脈衝時段並不重疊。根據本揭露之實例,此第二處理電漿功率之頻率可相同或類似於在子步驟114及/或120期間所提供的功率之頻率。根據其他實例,此沉積電漿功率係大於此第二處理電漿功率。此第一處理電漿功率可大於或等於此第二處理電漿功率。在子步驟124期間,電漿的功率可以是(例如)在約100瓦與約1000瓦之間之間、或在約400瓦與約800瓦之間。此第二處理電漿脈衝時段之持續時間可介於約1秒與約30秒之間。
步驟104至108可被視為一沉積循環,其可被重複一或多次。例如,步驟104至108可被重複若干次,直至基板表面上的一間隙被填充有此氮化矽,及/或取得所需之膜厚度。再者,可在進行下一步驟之前,重複步驟104至110中的任一步驟。
方法100之二或多個子步驟可同時進行,或可在時間上(至少部分地)重疊。例如,子步驟112及114可重疊或同時進行。此外,詳如下述,在一或多個子步驟期間、在所有的步驟期間、及/或在一或多個沉積循環期間,一或多個子步驟,例如:提供此氮反應物之子步驟,可連續地進行。
再者,除非另外註明,否則方法100之步驟可以任何順序進行。例如,步驟108可在步驟104之前進行。
第2圖繪示一方法(例如:方法100)的時序200,用以沉積一氮化矽層。如本文所用,脈衝時段意指一氣體(例如:前驅物、反應物、惰性氣體及/或載流氣體)被流動至一反應室的一時間段,及/或施加功率(例如:被供應至一反應室以產生一電漿之功率)的一時間段。所顯示之脈衝時段的高度及/或寬度並不一定表示一脈衝的一特定量或持續時間。
時序200包括一矽前驅物脈衝時段202、一氮反應物脈衝時段204、一沉積電漿脈衝時段206、一氫反應物脈衝時段208、一第一或中間處理電漿脈衝時段210、及一第二處理電漿脈衝時段212。時序200亦包括一源吹掃時段214、一沉積吹掃時段216、及一後處理吹掃時段218。
矽前驅物脈衝時段202可相同或類似於子步驟110。氮反應物脈衝時段204可包括(例如)子步驟112、118及122。如圖所示,氮反應物脈衝時段204可連續經過一或多個沉積循環220。沉積電漿脈衝時段206可為(或包括)子步驟114。氫反應物脈衝時段208可為(或包括)子步驟116。如圖所示,氫反應物脈衝時段208可在第一處理電漿脈衝時段210之前開始,及/或與第一處理電漿脈衝時段210實質上同時結束。又如圖所示,根據本揭露之實例,氫反應物脈衝時段208可在一第二處理電漿脈衝時段212之前結束。第一處理電漿脈衝時段210可相同或類似於子步驟120。如圖所示,第一處理電漿脈衝時段210與氮反應物脈衝時段204及氫反應物脈衝時段208重疊。第二處理電漿脈衝時段212可相同或類似於子步驟124。如圖所示,第二處理電漿脈衝時段212可與氮反應物脈衝時段204重疊,且不與矽前驅物脈衝時段202、沉積電漿脈衝時段206、氫反應物脈衝時段208、及/或第一處理電漿脈衝時段210重疊。
在源吹掃期214期間,可提供一載流氣體(例如:在矽前驅物脈衝時段202的期間被用於提供一矽前驅物)、及/或可提供一氮反應物至此反應室,以促進在矽前驅物脈衝時段202的期間所提供的一些矽前驅物及/或其副產物之分配及/或移除。在沉積吹掃時段216的期間,可提供此載流氣體及/或氮反應物至此反應室。同樣地,在後處理吹掃時段218的期間,可提供此載流氣體及/或此氮反應物至此反應室。
第3圖顯示多個結構302及304、322及324之掃描穿透式電子顯微鏡(scanning transmission electron microscopy,STEM)影像。結構302包括一基板306,其上形成有多個特徵308。氮化矽層310係被形成以覆蓋基板306及特徵308。結構302係根據方法100/時序200來形成,但沒有進行中間處理步驟106。結構304包括一基板312,其上形成有多個特徵314。氮化矽層316係被形成以覆蓋基板312及特徵314。結構304係根據方法100/時序200來形成,且有進行中間處理步驟106。結構322繪示結構302在暴露至一蝕刻製程(例如:稀釋100:1之氫氟酸(HF)蝕刻)之後的狀態。如圖所示,在蝕刻製程後,部分的氮化矽層310被移除,留下氮化矽層318。結構324繪示結構304在暴露至蝕刻製程之後的狀態。在蝕刻製程之後,部分的氮化矽層316被移除,留下氮化矽層320。如第3圖中之資料顯示,氮化矽層320展現較佳的品質—例如:沿著側壁326氮化矽層320的各個位置(例如:頂部、中間側及底側)具有較慢且更一致的蝕刻速率。根據本揭露之實例,根據方法100/序列200所形成之氮化矽層展現出膜品質優越的一致性的。例如,在此凹槽中的中間側壁面處之氮化矽的濕式蝕刻速率對在此基板之頂面上之氮化矽的濕式蝕刻速率的比率小於15、小於10、或小於5,且/或在此凹槽中之較低側壁面處之氮化矽的濕式蝕刻速率對在基板頂面上之氮化矽的濕式蝕刻速率的比率小於15、小於10、或小於6。
現參照第4圖,其係根據本揭露之例示性實施例所繪示的一反應器系統400。反應器系統400可被用以執行如本文所述的一或多個步驟或子步驟,及/或用以形成如本文所述的一或多個裝置結構或其部分。
反應器系統400包括位在一反應室402的一內部401(反應區)中平行且面向彼此的一對導電平板電極414、418。雖然僅闡釋一個反應室402,但系統400可包含二或多個反應室。透過從電漿功率源408施加(例如)射頻(RF)功率至一電極(例如:電極418),及使另一個電極(例如,電極414)電性接地,可使電漿在此反應室402內被激發。可提供一溫度調節器403於一底部基台414(下電極)中,且置放在其上之一基板422的溫度可保持在一所需溫度,例如先前提及的溫度。電極418可作為一氣體分配裝置,例如:噴淋板或噴淋頭。前驅物氣體、反應物氣體、及一載流或惰性氣體等可利用一或多個氣體管線(例如:連接至一反應物源430(例如:氮反應物源及/或氫反應物源)之反應物氣體管線404、及連接至一矽前驅物源431及一惰性氣體源434的前驅物氣體管線406,來將其引入至反應室402。例如,利用氣體管線404可將一或多種反應物(例如:如上所述)引入至反應室402、及/或利用氣體管線406可將一前驅物及一載流氣體(例如:如上所述)引入至此反應室。雖然圖式顯示二個進氣管線404、406,但反應器系統400可包含任何合適數量的氣體管線。流量控制系統(其包括流量控制器432、433、435)可被用來控制一或多種反應物、前驅物及惰性氣體進入反應室402之流動。
在反應室402中,可提供具有一排氣管線421的一圓管420,且此反應室402之內部401中的氣體可透過此圓管420而被排放至一排氣源410。此外,轉移室423可配備有一密封氣體管線429,藉以將密封氣體透過轉移室423的內部(轉移區)引入至反應室402的內部401,其中更可提供一分隔板425,以將此反應區401及此轉移室423分開(圖中省略了一閘閥,而基板可透過此閘閥被轉入或轉離此轉移室423)。轉移室423亦可配備連接至一排氣源410的一排氣管線427。在一些實施例中,載流氣體至反應室402的連續流動可透過一流道系統(flow-pass system,FPS)來完成。
反應器系統400可包括一或多個控制器412,其被編程或以其他方式配置以實施本文所述之一或多個方法步驟。如所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將瞭解,控制器412係被連接至此反應器之各種電源、加熱系統、泵、機器人系統及氣流控制器或閥。舉例而言,控制器412可被配置以控制一前驅物、一或多種的反應物、及(可選地)一惰性氣體進入此一或多個反應室中的至少一的氣體流動,以在一基板的一表面上形成一層。控制器412可進一步被配置以提供功率,例如:在此反應室402內。控制器412可類似地被配置以執行如本文所述的額外步驟。控制器412可被配置以控制一前驅物、一氫反應物、及一氮反應物進入此一或多個反應室中的至少一的氣體流動,以形成覆蓋一基板的一氮化矽層。舉特定實例來說,控制器412係被構造以控制一矽前驅物、一氮反應物及一氫反應物進入此反應室之氣體流動,以在一基板的表面上形成一氮化矽層,並利用包括使此氮反應物及此氫反應物流動之一第一程序來處理此氮化矽層,且利用不包括使此氫反應物流動至此反應室之一第二處理程序來進一步處理此氮化矽層。
控制器412可包括電子電路系統及軟體,以選擇性地操作閥、歧管、加熱器、泵、及包含在系統400中的其他組件。如此的電路系統及組件係運作以從對應的源引入前驅物、反應物及吹掃氣體。控制器412可控制氣體脈衝序列的時間、基板及/或反應室的溫度、此反應室內的壓力、及各種其他操作,以提供系統400合宜的操作。
控制器412可包含控制軟體,以電動地或氣動地控制多個閥,進而控制前驅物、反應物及/或吹掃氣體進出此反應室402的流動。控制器412可包括執行某些任務之模組,例如:軟體或硬體組件,例如:現場可程式化邏輯閘陣列(FPGA)或特定應用積體電路(ASIC)。模組可有利地被配置以常駐在此控制系統的可定址儲存媒體上,且被配置以執行一或多個程序。
在一些實施例中,可使用一雙室反應器(用於處理基板且彼此緊密配置之兩個區段或隔室),其中一反應物氣體及一稀有氣體可透過一共用管線來供應,然而一前驅物氣體則是透過一些非共用管線來供應。
在系統400之操作的期間,基板(例如:半導體晶圓)係從(例如)一基板處置區域423被轉移至此反應區401。一旦基板被轉移至反應區401後,一或多種氣體(例如:前驅物、反應物、載流氣體、及/或吹掃氣體)會被引入此反應室402,例如:根據時序200。
上述之本揭露的例示性實施例並未限制本揭露的範疇,因為這些實施例僅是本揭露之實施例的實例。任何等效實施例均意欲屬於本揭露之範疇。實際上,除本文中所示及所描述者外,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者更可由本說明書中輕易明白本揭露之各種修改,例如:所述元件(例如:步驟)之替代可用組合。這類的修改及實施例亦意欲落在隨附之申請專利範圍的範疇內。
100:方法 102,104,106,108,110,112,114,116,118,120,122,124:步驟 200:時序 202:矽前驅物脈衝時段 204:氮反應物脈衝時段 206:沉積電漿脈衝時段 208:氫反應物脈衝時段 210:第一或中間處理電漿脈衝時段 212:第二處理電漿脈衝時段 214:源吹掃時段 216:沉積吹掃時段 218:後處理吹掃時段 220:一或多個沉積循環 302:結構 304:結構 306:基板 308:特徵 310:氮化矽層 312:基板 314:特徵 316:氮化矽層 318:氮化矽層 320:氮化矽層 322:結構 324:結構 326:側壁 400:反應器系統 401:反應區 402:反應室 403:溫度調節器 404:反應物氣體管線 406:前驅物氣體管線 408:電漿功率源 410:排氣源 412:控制器 414:平板電極 418:平板電極 420:圓管 421:排氣管線 422:基板 423:轉移室 425:分隔板 427:排氣管線 429:密封氣體管線 430:反應物源 431:矽前驅物源 432:流量控制器 433:流量控制器 434:惰性氣體源 435:流量控制器
本揭露之例示性實施例將可在閱讀底下詳細說明及申請專利範圍,並參酌隨附的圖示而得到更完整的理解。 第1圖係根據本揭露之至少一實施例所繪示之方法。 第2圖係根據本揭露之實施例所繪示之方法的時序。 第3圖係根據本揭露之實例所繪示之多個結構。 第4圖係根據本揭露之至少一實施例所繪示之系統。
當瞭解的是,圖式中之元件係為了簡明及清楚起見而繪示,且不必然按比例繪製。例如,圖式中之一些元件的尺寸可能相對於其他元件而特別放大,以幫助改善對所繪示本揭露實施例的理解。
100:方法
102,104,106,108,110,112,114,116,118,120,122,124:步驟

Claims (18)

  1. 一種沉積一氮化矽層之方法,該方法包括下列步驟: 提供一基板於一反應室中; 提供一矽前驅物至該反應室持續一矽前驅物脈衝時段; 提供一氮反應物至該反應室持續一氮反應物脈衝時段; 提供一沉積電漿功率持續一沉積電漿脈衝時段,以在該反應室中形成一電漿; 提供一氫反應物至該反應室持續一氫反應物脈衝時段,其中該氮反應物脈衝時段及該氫反應物脈衝時段係重疊持續一重疊時段; 在該重疊時段之期間,提供一第一處理電漿功率至該反應室持續一第一處理電漿脈衝時段;以及 提供一第二處理電漿功率至該反應室持續一第二處理電漿脈衝時段, 其中該氫反應物脈衝時段與該第二處理電漿脈衝時段沒有重疊。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,其中該沉積電漿功率大於該第二處理電漿功率。
  3. 如請求項1或請求項2之方法,其中該沉積電漿功率係介於約400瓦與約1000瓦之間。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法,其中該第二處理電漿功率係介於約100瓦與約1000瓦之間。
  5. 如請求項1至4中任一項之方法,其中該第一處理電漿功率大於或等於該第二處理電漿功率。
  6. 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其中該第一處理電漿功率係介於約100瓦與約1000瓦之間。
  7. 如請求項1至6中任一項之方法,其中該氮反應物係選自由氮氣(N 2)、N 2O、NO、NF 3所組成之群組。
  8. 如請求項1至7中任一項之方法,其中該氫反應物係選自由氫氣(H 2)、NH 3、N 2H 4、N 2H 2所組成之群組。
  9. 如請求項1至8中任一項之方法,其中該氮反應物係在一或多個沉積循環之期間連續地供應至該反應室。
  10. 如請求項1至9中任一項之方法,其中在該重疊時段期間,該氫反應物對該氮反應物之體積流量比為介於約0.0003:1與約0.1:1之間。
  11. 如請求項1至10中任一項之方法,其中在該方法的期間,一基板溫度係介於約25°C與約700°C之間、約50°C至約600°C之間、約100°C至約500°C之間、約200°C至約400°C之間、或約300°C至約400°C之間。
  12. 如請求項1至11中任一項之方法,其中在該方法的期間,該反應室之一壓力係介於約0.01托至約50托之間,或約0.1托至約30托之間。
  13. 如請求項1至12中任一項之方法,其中該矽前驅物包含矽烷、鹵矽烷、有機矽烷、及矽氮烷中之一或多者。
  14. 如請求項1至13中任一項之方法,其中該矽前驅物包含以下之一或多者:三(二甲基胺基)矽烷、雙(第三丁基胺基)矽烷、二(第二丁基胺基)矽烷、三甲矽烷基胺、新戊矽烷、雙(二甲基胺基)矽烷、(二甲基胺基)矽烷(DMAS)、雙(二乙基胺基)矽烷(BDEAS)、雙(乙基甲基胺基)矽烷(BEMAS)、肆(二甲基胺基)矽烷(TKDMAS)、三甲基矽烷(SiH(CH 3) 3)、四甲基矽烷(Si(Ch 3) 4)、矽烷、四(乙氧基)矽烷(TEOS,S(OC 2H 5) 4)、參(第三丁氧基)矽醇(TBOS)、參(第三戊氧基)矽醇(TPSOL)、二甲基二氯矽烷(Si(OC 2H 5) 4、Si(CH 3) 2(OCH3) 2)、及鹵矽烷家族,例如:SiI 4、HSiI 3、H 2SiI 2、H 3SiI、Si 2I 6、HSi 2I 5、H 2Si 2I 4、H 3Si 2I 3、H 4Si 2I 2、H 5Si 2I、Si 3I 8、HSiCl 3、H 2SiCl 2、H 3SiCl、H 2Si 2Cl 4、H 4Si 2Cl 2、SiCl 4、HSiCl 3以及H 2SiC l2
  15. 如請求項1至14中任一項之方法,其中該氮化矽係被沉積在該基板的一表面之一或多個凹槽的側壁上。
  16. 如請求項15之方法,其中在該凹槽中之一中間側壁面的該氮化矽之一濕式蝕刻速率對在該基板之頂面上之該氮化矽的一濕式蝕刻速率之比率小於15、小於10或小於5。
  17. 一種結構,其係使用如請求項1至16中任一項之方法所形成。
  18. 一種系統,其包括: 一反應室; 一矽前驅物源; 一氮反應物源; 一氫反應物源; 一電漿功率源; 一排氣源;以及 一控制器, 其中該控制器係被配置以控制一矽前驅物、一氮反應物、及一氫反應物至該反應室中之氣體流動,以於一基板的一表面上形成一氮化矽層,利用包括使該氮反應物及該氫反應物流動之一第一程序來處理該氮化矽層,且利用不包括使該氫反應物流動至該反應室之一第二處理程序來進一步處理該氮化矽層。
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