TW202239648A - Lubrication system and operating method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a rail vehicle having a lubrication system (10), to a lubrication system and to a monitoring system, the rail vehicle having the lubrication system by means of which a lubricant is applied to a flange (14) of a wheel (11) of the rail vehicle, the lubrication system comprising a contact pressing device (18) and a lubrication pin (19), the lubrication pin being moved relative to the flange by means of the contact pressing device and, for applying the lubricant, being pressed against the flange using a contact pressure, the lubrication system comprising a measuring unit having a measuring device (26), at least one sensor (27) of a sensing device of the measuring device being disposed on the lubrication system and/or adjacent to the lubrication system, a measured value of the lubrication system being registered by means of the sensing device, the measured value being processed by means of a processing unit of the measuring device and a parameter describing an operating state of the lubrication system, the wheel and/or a guide rail being determined.

Description

Lubrication system and method of operation

The invention relates to a lubrication system and a method for operating a rail vehicle having a lubrication system by means of which lubricant is applied to the flanges of the wheels of the rail vehicle, the lubrication system comprising contact pressing means and a lubricating pin which is moved relative to the flange by means of contact pressing means and which is pressed against the flange in order to apply the lubricant using contact pressure.

Such lubrication systems and methods are well known from the state of the art and are commonly used for wheels of rail vehicles, in particular electric or fuel powered rail vehicles. The lubrication system is used to reduce the wear of the flanges and rails and to reduce the noise that can occur due to the wear of the flanges on the track during dry wheel-rail contact. Furthermore, this is intended to prevent squealing when the radius of the curve is narrow. A lubrication system can be placed on the front wheel set of the rail vehicle, applying a small amount of lubricant to the flanges so that the lubricant does not reach the running surfaces of the individual wheels, as this will reduce the friction on the running surfaces. In addition, various lubrication systems are known, for example by means of which a liquid or pasty lubricant is sprayed or applied to the flange. These lubrication systems can be stationary at specific points of the path and lubricant is applied as the rail vehicle drives past them. Lubrication systems with solid lubricants are also known, in which case lubricating pins, for example made of graphite, are pressed against the flange by means of contact pressing means, so that the graphite film reduces wear and squeaking noise formed on the flange. In this case, the contact pressing device has a socket with a spring in which the lubricating pin is mounted and pressed against the flange by means of the spring using contact pressure. It is also possible to arrange several lubricating pins one after the other in the socket. Such a lubrication system is known, for example, from WO 2019/068561 A1.

If the lubricating pins of the lubricating system are in constant contact with the wheels of the rail vehicle or the rotating flanges of the wheels, they can wear due to material or graphite wear. Therefore, frequent maintenance of the lubrication system is necessary in order to ensure that lubricant is applied to the flanges. During maintenance intervals, this maintenance is always carried out in the warehouse of the rail vehicle, thus requiring inspection of the lubrication system. If necessary, replace or refill the lube pins at this time as well. All in all, this increases the workload of maintaining the respective lubrication systems and replacing the lubricating pins.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a method for operating a rail vehicle and to propose a lubrication system and a monitoring system with the lubrication system allowing improved operation.

This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1 , by a lubrication system with the features of claim 16 and by a monitoring system with the features of claim 17 .

In the method according to the invention for operating a rail carrier, the rail carrier is formed with at least one lubricating system by means of which lubricant is applied to wheel flanges of the rail carrier, the lubrication system comprising contact pressing means and a lubricating pin, the lubricating pin is moved relative to the flange by means of a contact pressing device, and in order to apply lubricant, a contact pressure is used to press against the flange, the lubrication system includes a measuring unit with a measuring device, the measuring device At least one sensor of the sensing device is arranged on and/or adjacent to the lubrication system, the measured values of the lubrication system are recorded by means of the sensing device, and the measured values are processed by means of the processing unit of the measuring device , and determine parameters describing the operating state of the lubrication system, wheels and/or rails.

The solid material lubrication system is arranged on the frame of the wheel set having at least one axle with two wheels. The wheel set may be a rear wheel set with one or several axles, a drive wheel set or an individual wheel set. The axles of the wheel sets each have two wheels, which are each mounted on a guide rail or a track of the rail vehicle and can roll thereon. The lubricating system is arranged on the wheel set and has a contact pressing device with lubricating pins. The contact pressing device is used for mounting and positioning the lubricating pin and is arranged so that the lubricating pin is pressed against the flange of the wheel by means of the contact pressing device using contact pressure. When the wheel moves, the material of the lubricating foot adheres to the flange by wear and tear and forms a lubricating film at least partially there. Lubrication pins are made of a solid lubricant such as graphite. In addition, each wheel of the axle can have this lubricating system.

The method according to the invention contemplates that the lubrication system comprises a measuring unit with a measuring device having a sensing device with at least one sensor. The sensor is placed on and/or adjacent to the lubrication system, or is arranged to contact the pressing device or the lubrication pin as close as possible. The measured values of the contact pressing means or lubricating pins are recorded by means of sensing means or sensors. This measured value is a physical measured variable which is directly operatively related to the contacting device and which is variable during ground contacting operations. The measured values or measured variables measured by the sensors are then processed by means of the processing unit and parameters suitable for describing the operating state of the lubrication system, the wheels and/or the guide rails are determined. Parameters can be parameter values, feature variables, key figures (key figures), or datasets. Parameters can also be included in the data set. In particular, it is intended that the measured values be processed digitally by means of a processing unit in order to obtain parameters suitable for further digital processing. Thus, the processing unit is formed by at least one digital electronic circuit capable of processing analog and/or digital signals of the sensor. For example, the processing unit can also be a programmable logic controller (programmable logic controller; PLC), an integrated circuit (integrated circuit; IC) or a computer.

As a result of the processing unit determining parameters suitable for describing the operating state of the lubrication system, it becomes possible to determine the operating state of the lubrication system, wheels and/or guide rails or to monitor the lubrication system. Since the operating state of the lubrication system also mainly depends on the state or operating state of the wheels and/or guide rails, parameters may also describe the operating states of the wheels and guide rails. For example, the operating state may be a state of wear, making it possible to make statements about the state of wear based on parameters. Overall, maintenance on lubrication systems, wheels and guide rails can be carried out in a more targeted manner without having to follow fixed maintenance intervals. Overall, it thus becomes possible to operate the lubrication system, the wheel set or the guide rail more cost-effectively and thus the rail vehicle in general. Movements, accelerations, frequencies, temperatures, air humidity, forces, lengths, distances, masses and/or positions of the wheels can thus be recorded and processed continuously or discontinuously as measured values. The movement of the wheels allows measuring even the smallest movements of the rail vehicle. For example, a pressure sensor can be arranged for this purpose on the contact pressing device, by means of which pressure sensor the shear force of the wheel acting on the lubricated pin can be measured in one or the other direction. Temperature sensors can be used to measure the temperature at the lubricating system or directly at the contact press or lubricating pin, so that a possible temperature rise of the wheel can be determined. Force may be determined by means of strain gauges, force sensors, pressure sensors or the like. For example, the contact pressure of lubricated pins can also be measured in this case. The length of the lubrication pin can be measured using a sensor formed as a simple switch or by means of a potentiometer, for example so that the remaining amount of lubricant can be determined. The location of the lubrication system can be easily determined using a satellite navigation system such as GPS. Measured values can be determined or processed continuously or continuously. It is also possible to record and process measured values discontinuously, for example at time setpoints or on certain occasions. Individual sensors can be placed in or on wear elements or lubricating pins, and/or on contact pressing devices or other components of the rail carrier, at positions suitable for the individual measurements.

It is especially advantageous if at least one acceleration sensor is used as sensor, which acceleration sensor can be arranged on the contact pressing device, preferably on the lubricating pin. Acceleration sensors or vibration sensors can be used to measure the characteristic frequency and/or resonant frequency of the lubrication pin or the entire contact pressing device. For example, by means of an acceleration sensor, the movement of the lubricating pin on the wheel can be detected, in which case conclusions can be drawn about the design of the guide rail and/or the wheel from this movement. Therefore, irregularities in the course of guiding can be easily judged. Therefore, it is no longer necessary to carry out specific measurement drives or on-site inspections of the guide rails for the determination of such defects. In addition, changes in the lubricating pin caused by wear or abrasion on the wheel change the characteristic frequency and/or resonant frequency of the lubricating pin. The difference between new lubricated pins and worn lubricated pins can be attributed to this. Since the lubricating pin is in constant contact with the wheel during driving of the rail vehicle, the processing unit can deduce changes in the lubricating pin from changes in the characteristic frequency and/or resonant frequency of the lubricating pin. For example, the characteristic frequency and/or resonant frequency of a new lubricated pin and a worn lubricated pin can be stored in the processing unit, in which case the processing unit can make a comparison and determine the state of wear or usage of the lubricated pin without further calculate. This wear can then be output as a parameter. In addition, damage to the lubricating pin can be easily judged.

The lubrication system can be placed on the frame of the wheel set of the rail vehicle, the acceleration sensors configured to be decoupled from the vibrations of the frame by means of the damping means of the lubrication system. The damping device can be realized such that vibrations from the attachment point of the lubrication system on the frame are not transmitted or are transmitted only in a non-essential manner to the lubrication system. In a simple embodiment, for example, the damping means can be formed by a vibration damper made of elastomer. This prevents the signal of the acceleration sensor from being superimposed by other vibrations of the rail vehicle. The signal quality of the accelerometer can thus be significantly improved.

The processing unit can record and store the measured values and/or parameters of the sensors at fixed time intervals, when changes occur, or continuously. It is therefore conceivable to record and store measured values and/or parameters only when the values change, in order to keep the amount of data to a minimum. Alternatively, continuous, in other words, continuous recording and storage may be desired. By storing measured values and/or parameters, processing is possible even after recording. For example, measured values can be recorded during the drive of the rail carrier, in which case the determination of the parameters can then take place once the rail carrier has been tested in the warehouse. In this way, for example, the condition of the guide rail along the path of the rail carrier can be determined after driving.

The measurement device can transmit measured values and/or parameters to the evaluation unit, which are stored in a database of the evaluation unit and/or can be processed by means of the evaluation device of the evaluation unit. An evaluation unit may thus comprise a database and an evaluation device. Therefore, the evaluation unit can be used to collect and process measured values and/or parameters and can be a computer. For example, the evaluation device can display or output the evaluation results to the operator. The evaluation unit can have a greater scope of functions than the processing unit. In principle, however, it is also possible to integrate the processing unit in the evaluation unit and vice versa.

By means of the transmission unit of the measuring device, the measured values and/or parameters of the measuring device are transmitted via a data link to the evaluation unit, which is configured to be arranged at a distance from the measuring unit or integrated in the measuring unit middle. If the control device or the evaluation unit is integrated in the measuring unit, the data link can easily be formed by a wire connection. It is then also possible to mount parts of the measuring device, such as the processing unit and the control device and the evaluation unit, elsewhere on the rail carrier, for example on the operator's stand. When transmitting measured values and/or parameters, data can be exchanged based on, for example, a transmission protocol. Data links can be established continuously, at regular intervals, or so as to be event-triggered. In general, this allows the collection and evaluation of the data collected by the measurement device. The analysis of certain situations and events then provides various evaluation opportunities by which the operation of the lubrication system, wheel set and guide rail or track carrier can be optimized.

A data link can be formed via an external data network. In this case, the data link may be formed via a mobile network, a wireless network, a satellite connection, the Internet or any other wireless standard by itself or in combination. If the evaluation unit is arranged at a distance from the measuring unit, it can also be arranged outside the rail vehicle, away from the rail carrier and in order to remain stationary, for example in a building. In particular, it thus becomes possible to monitor the function of the lubrication system and the wheel set on the rail vehicle without the need for personnel to perform this task on the rail vehicle itself.

A data link to the evaluation unit and/or to the measurement unit can be formed by means of the user unit, the measured values and/or parameters being transmissible and configured for output to the user unit. The user unit can be a computer independent of the evaluation unit and/or the measurement unit. This computer can be a stationary computer, a mobile device or the like, by means of which a further data link for exchanging data with the evaluation unit and/or the measurement unit can be established. For example, data may be exchanged via an external data network, such as the Internet. In this way, the data processed by the evaluation unit or the measured values and/or parameters processed using the evaluation device can be made available to a wider range of users. For example, the evaluation unit may be a server with software that transmits information stored in the evaluation unit's database to the user unit. This transmission may be due to a website providing selected information such as the current state of wear of lubricated pins or wheels.

Taking into account time-dependent components and/or components depending on wear-related measured variables, the processing unit or evaluation unit can evaluate the time curve of measured values and/or parameters and determine the state of wear of lubricated pins, wheels and/or guide rails . Thus, not only information about the current state of wear can be provided, but even a determination can be made as to approximately at what point in time a lubricating pin or wheel, for example, will wear out. Thus, maintenance intervals for the lubrication system or other components of the wheel set can be precisely scheduled and the timing can be optimized. In addition, the time points at which certain events occur can be determined by means of time curves. On this basis, if the event occurs repeatedly, the schedule can be derived. For example, when driving over a certain portion of the route, poor rail condition or increased wear may be observed.

The vibration of the lubricating pin can be recorded by means of a sensing device, the processing unit is configured to determine the characteristic frequency and/or resonance frequency of the lubricating pin and/or the wheel, the processing unit or evaluation unit is configured to determine the lubricating pin , Wheel and/or rail wear status. When the lubricating pin wears, the shape, especially the length, of the lubricating pin can change, in which case the shape change can change the characteristic frequency and/or the resonant frequency of the lubricating pin. The wear state of the lubricating pin and/or the wheel can be determined from the characteristic frequency and/or the resonance frequency by means of the processing unit. If the characteristic frequency and/or the resonant frequency changes as the carbon self-lubricating pin or component of the self-axle gradually wears, conclusions can be drawn from this change about the state of wear of the lubricating pin and/or the wheel or axle. Thus, it is possible not only to determine whether the lubricating pin is new or completely worn out, but also to determine the extent to which the lubricating pin has been used.

The processing unit or evaluation unit can carry out a pattern analysis of the measured values and/or parameters stored over a period of time and derive key values from the pattern analysis. It may also be expected to use artificial intelligence for pattern analysis.

The processing unit or evaluation unit can correlate the measured values and/or parameters of the different sensors and derive the functional dependencies of the measured values and/or parameters. Thus, functional dependencies among the sensors can be detected. For example, vibrations or oscillations can be compared to temperature, and thus it is possible to determine that a railway tire is damaged. In this way, the number of other operating conditions and events can be detected and interpreted as a result of functional dependencies, such as the load status of rail vehicles or individual wagons; inclination and bending of guide rails; caused by mechanical friction on wheels wear of lubricated pins; parts of the path of guide rails that have particularly turbulent operating characteristics of the wheels and thus have particularly high or low wear; wear rates that depend on driving behavior (such as acceleration or standstill of the rail vehicle); wheel sets , axle, wheel component damage; wheel bearing and lubrication system damage; wheel set components (such as bearings, joints and structural elements) wear; lubrication system component loss, such as collision with obstacles; The position, speed, acceleration and direction of movement of the tool. These exemplary situations and events may thus be addressed by maintenance measures, by adjusting the driving behavior of the rail vehicle, or by implementing other suitable measures.

The position of the lubrication system can be determined by means of a position sensor of the sensing device, the position is associated with a parameter, and the evaluation unit is configured to determine the state of wear of the guide rail. The position sensor can determine the position of the lubrication system and thus the position of the vehicle via eg satellite navigation. Thus, among other things, it can be determined at which point on the path a certain measurement value of another sensor of the sensing device was recorded. Accordingly, corresponding locations can be associated with events or measurements. In addition, it is possible to determine the state of wear of the guide rail by means of the evaluation unit, for example by evaluating vibrations of the lubrication system or lubricating pins caused by the wheels along the guide rail. Therefore, when the rails are severely worn, the vibration mode of the contact pressing device may change. Additionally, grooves, irregularities, and arches along the rail can be determined and correlated to locations on the path. This can have an effect on the speed of the rail carrier in the portion of the path positioned in this way.

The evaluation unit can process the parameters of several measuring units of the lubrication system. Thus, the evaluation unit can process the parameters of a plurality of lubrication systems arranged on individual rail vehicles or on sets of wheels. The accuracy of measurement or monitoring can be further increased by comparing the parameters of the lubrication system. In addition, parameters of lubrication systems arranged on different rail vehicles can be processed by means of the evaluation unit. This can also significantly improve the accuracy of measuring and monitoring rail vehicles or individual guide rails. Additionally, this provides a status report of current and continuous changes to the path network and the vehicles operating within it. Optimizing the resulting operating conditions can significantly reduce operating costs. Regular and frequent monitoring of infrastructure and rail vehicles is also no longer necessary to this extent and operational safety is significantly increased. In addition, no specific measurement drivers are required.

A lubrication system according to the invention for applying lubricant to a flange of a rail vehicle wheel comprises a contact pressing device and a lubricating pin which can be moved relative to the flange by means of the contact pressing device and for applying lubrication The agent is configured to use contact pressure to press against the flange, the lubrication system includes a measuring unit with a measuring device, at least one sensor of the sensing device of the measuring device is arranged on the lubrication system and/or adjacent to the lubrication System arrangement in which measured values of the lubrication system can be recorded by means of sensing devices, measured values can be processed by means of a processing unit of the measuring device and parameters describing the operating state of the lubrication system, wheels and/or guide rails can be determined .

For further details of the advantages of the lubrication system according to the invention, reference is made to the description of the advantages of the method according to the invention. Referring back to method claim 1, further advantageous embodiments of the lubrication system are apparent from the description of the features of the dependent claims.

A monitoring system according to the invention comprises at least one rail vehicle with at least one lubrication system according to the invention.

The monitoring system may comprise a plurality of measuring units and an evaluation unit for processing the measured values and/or parameters of the measuring units of the plurality of lubrication systems. As described above, it thus becomes possible to monitor a plurality of lubrication systems of a rail vehicle or a plurality of rail vehicles with a lubrication system using only one evaluation unit. For example, for a set of wheels, the monitoring system can have a measuring unit with a plurality of sensing devices (one on each wheel) and a separate evaluation unit and a separate transmission unit.

Thus, the monitoring system may comprise a plurality of rail vehicles each having at least one lubrication system. It may also be desirable for the rail vehicles to each have a plurality of lubrication systems.

Further advantageous embodiments of the monitoring system are apparent from the description referring back to the characteristics of the subclaim of claim 1 of the method.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a lubrication system 10 on a wheel 11 of an axle 12 of a wheel set 13 . The wheel 11 has a flange 14 and a running surface 15 and can roll on a guide rail 16 . The wheel set 13 has a frame 17 which is only partially shown. Together with the wheels 11 , an axle 12 is mounted rotatably movable on a frame 17 . The lubrication system 10 is also securely fastened to the frame 17 .

The lubricating system 10 has a contact pressing device 18 and a lubricating pin 19 . The lubricating pin 19 is made of graphite and is mounted so as to be movable longitudinally in the socket 20 of the contact pressing device 18 . The lubricating pin 19 is pressed against the flange 14 by means of a spring (not further shown), and lubricates the flange 14 by means of graphite wear. The socket 20 is seated on a movable holder 21 with an arm 22 in such a way that the lubricating pin 19 abuts the flange 14 as intended. The contact pressing device 18 further comprises a damping device 23 with a damping element 24 to which a holding element 25 of the holder 21 is attached. In addition, the measuring device 26 of the lubrication system 10 is arranged adjacent to the holding element 25 on the frame 17 . The measurement device 26 includes a processing unit (not further shown), a transmission unit and a sensing device with a sensor 27 . The sensor 27 is arranged on the socket 20 in such a way that vibrations of the lubricating pin 19 can be recorded. The processing unit of the measurement device 26 is used to process the signals detected by the sensor 27, and the signals are transmitted to an external network (not shown) through the transmission unit.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific example of the measurement unit 34 . The measurement unit 34 is formed by the measurement device 35 and further comprises an evaluation unit 36 . The measuring device 35 includes a sensing device 37 with a plurality of sensors 38 and a processing unit 39 . Furthermore, it is intended to supply the measuring device 35 with electrical energy by means of the supply unit 40 . The supply unit 40 may be an energy store, a generator or an external energy supplier, for example via a rail vehicle. The evaluation unit 36 has a database 41 and an evaluation device 42 and receives data or measured values and/or parameters from the processing unit 39 . The processing unit 39 receives the measured values from the sensors 38 of the sensing device 37 and processes them. The measured values are correlated with the operating parameters or physical measured values of the contact pressing device of the ground contact (not shown) in the manner of the lubricating system illustrated in FIG. The measured values are processed as parameters of the operating state of the system, wheels and/or guide rails. The respectively determined parameters are continuously or successively transmitted from the processing unit 39 to the evaluation unit 36 and stored in a database 41 or processed using the evaluation device 42 .

FIG. 3 shows a monitoring system 47 with a measurement unit 48 . The monitoring system 47 may have a plurality of measuring units 48 . Compared with the measuring unit of FIG. 2 , the measuring unit 48 has a measuring device 49 including a transmission unit 50 . The transmission unit 50 receives data or measured values and/or parameters from the processing unit 39 . Furthermore, between the transmission unit 50 and the external data network 51 there is a data link 52 by means of which measured values and/or parameters are transmitted using radio signals. Evaluation unit 54 with database 55 and evaluation device 56 is connected to external data network 51 via a further data link 53 and exchanges data or measured values and/or parameters with transmission unit 50 via external data network 51 . In principle, this data could be exchanged directly via the direct data link 52 while bypassing the external data network 51 . In addition, a user unit 58 is provided which is connected to an external data network 51 via a further data link 59 . Thus, the user unit 59 can exchange data with the evaluation unit 54 , which means that the data of the measurement unit 48 processed by the evaluation unit 54 can be output or interpreted via the user unit 58 and made available for further use. The user unit 58 is directly connectable to the evaluation unit 54 via a direct data link 60 . Overall, the measured values are thus obtained via sensors 38 mounted on the lubrication system (not shown) and transmitted directly to the evaluation unit 54 via an external data network 51 (e.g. the Internet) for evaluation. Storage and evaluation become possible. Thus, functional dependencies of the data can be used, evaluated and interpreted. The results of these evaluations may be provided to the end user via user unit 58 .

none

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. [ Fig. 1 ] is a perspective view of a concrete example of a lubrication system on a rail vehicle; [ Fig. 2 ] is a schematic diagram of a specific example of a measuring unit; [ Fig. 3 ] is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system.

Claims (19)

A method for operating a rail vehicle having a lubrication system (10) by means of which a lubricant is applied to a flange (14) of a wheel (11) of the rail vehicle ), the lubricating system comprises a contact pressing device (18) and a lubricating pin (19), the lubricating pin moves relative to the flange by means of the contact pressing device, and in order to apply the lubricant, a contact pressure against the flange, characterized in that, The lubrication system comprises a measuring unit (34, 48) having a measuring device (26, 35, 49), at least one sensor (27, 38) of a sensing device (37) of the measuring device arranged on and/or adjacent to the lubrication system, a measurement value of the lubrication system is recorded by means of the sensing device, the quantity is processed by means of a processing unit (39) of the measurement device and determining a parameter describing an operating state of the lubrication system, the wheel and/or a guide rail (16). As the method of claim item 1, it is characterized in that, As a measured value, a movement, an acceleration, a frequency, a temperature, an air humidity, a force, a length, a distance, a mass and/or a position are recorded and processed continuously or discontinuously. As the method of claim item 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, As a sensor (27, 38), at least one acceleration sensor is used, and the at least one acceleration sensor is arranged on the contact pressing device (18) or on the lubricating pin (19). A method as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The lubrication system (10) is placed on a frame (17) of a wheel set (13) of the rail vehicle, and the acceleration sensor is vibrated with the frame by means of a damping device (23) of the lubrication system Decoupling. A method as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The processing unit (39) records and stores the measured values and/or the parameters of the sensors (27, 38) at regular time intervals, when a change occurs, or continuously. A method as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The measuring device (26, 35, 49) transmits the measured values and/or parameters to an evaluation unit (36, 54), the measured values and/or parameters are stored in a database of the evaluation unit and/or by means of one of the evaluation devices (42, 56) of the evaluation unit. As the method of claim item 6, it is characterized in that, By means of a transmission unit (50) of the measuring device (26, 35, 49) the measured values and/or parameters of the measuring device are transmitted via a data link (52) to the evaluation unit ( 36, 54), the evaluation unit is arranged at a distance from the measurement unit or is integrated in the measurement unit. As the method of claim item 7, it is characterized in that, The data link (52, 53, 59) is formed via an external data network (51). The method according to any one of claim items 6 to 8, characterized in that, A data link (59) to the evaluation unit (36, 54) and/or to the measurement unit (34, 48) is formed by means of a user unit (58), the measured values and/or Or parameter transmission and output to the user unit. The method according to any one of claim items 6 to 9, characterized in that, Taking into account a time-dependent component and/or a component dependent on wear-related measured variables, the processing unit (39) or the evaluation unit (36, 54) evaluates a time profile of these measured values and/or parameters And determine a wear state of the lubricating pin (19), the contact pressing device (18), the wheel (11) and/or the guide rail (16). The method as claimed in any one of items 6 to 10, characterized in that, A vibration of the lubricating pin (19) or the wheel (11) is recorded by means of the sensing device (37), the processing unit (39) determines a characteristic frequency of the lubricating pin and/or the wheel and/or or a resonance frequency, the processing unit or the evaluation unit (36, 54) determines a wear state of the lubricating pin, the wheel and/or the guide rail (16). The method according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that, The processing unit (39) or the evaluation unit (36, 54) performs a pattern analysis of the measured values and/or parameters stored over a period of time and derives a key value from the pattern analysis. The method according to any one of claim items 6 to 12, characterized in that, The processing unit ( 39 ) or the evaluation unit ( 36 , 54 ) correlates the measured values and/or parameters of the different sensors and derives a functional dependence of the measured values and/or parameters. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that, By means of a position sensor of the sensing device (37) a position of the lubrication system (10), which position is associated with the parameters, is determined, the evaluation unit (36, 54) determines that the guide rail (16) One state of wear. A method as in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The evaluation unit (36, 54) processes parameters of a plurality of measuring units (34, 48) of the lubrication system (10). A lubricating system (10) for applying a lubricant to a flange (14) of a wheel (11) of a rail vehicle, the lubricating system comprising a contact pressing device (18) and a lubricating pin ( 19), the lubricating pin is movable relative to the flange by means of the contact pressing device, and is configured to press against the flange using a contact pressure for applying the lubricant, characterized in that, The lubrication system comprises a measuring unit (34, 48) having a measuring device (26, 35, 49), at least one sensor (27, 38) of a sensing device (37) of the measuring device arranged on and/or adjacent to the lubrication system, a measurement value of the lubrication system can be recorded by means of the sensing device, can be processed by means of a processing unit (39) of the measurement device The measured value and a parameter describing an operating state of the lubrication system, the wheel and/or a guide rail (16) can be determined. A monitoring system (47) having at least one rail vehicle having at least one lubrication system (10) according to claim 16. As the monitoring system of claim 16, it is characterized in that, The monitoring system (47) comprises measuring units (34, 48) and an evaluation unit (36, 54) for processing the measurements of the lubrication systems (10) The measured value and/or parameter of the unit. As the monitoring system of claim 17 or 18, it is characterized in that, The monitoring system (47) comprises a plurality of rail vehicles each having at least one lubrication system (10).

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