JP7471523B2 - Rolling bearing abnormality detection device, rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device, and train abnormality monitoring system - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to a rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device for diagnosing abnormalities in rolling bearings, a train abnormality diagnosis system, and a rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis method.

Rolling bearings used in rotating machinery can sometimes become damaged at the contact points where the cage and rolling elements come into contact after long periods of continuous use. When this damage occurs, the cage begins to whirl, and if the damage progresses further, it can lead to a major failure of the bearing. To detect major failures before they occur, rotating machinery is regularly inspected for abnormalities in bearings and other rotating parts after a certain period of use. Inspecting rotating parts for abnormalities can be problematic, as it takes a considerable amount of time, effort, and cost.

For this reason, in the past, multiple protrusions made of a material different from the bearing components were provided radially on the outer peripheral surface of the cage to detect vibrations caused by contact between the protrusions and the outer ring and to detect the presence or absence of the material of the protrusions in the lubricating oil, thereby diagnosing abnormalities (Patent Document 1).

It is also disclosed that a non-contact laser displacement meter is used to detect the amount of change in the distance between the outer peripheral surface of the cage and the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring, and when the distance exceeds a preset threshold value, it is determined that the cage is abnormal (Patent Document 2).

JP 2014-066311 A JP 2014-066622 A

In the past, analyzing vibrations and wear debris required time, and even when using non-contact displacement meters, there was the problem that accurate judgments could not be made due to the presence of oil and the environment.

The present disclosure has been made to solve the problems described above, and aims to obtain an abnormality diagnosis device that has improved speed, simplicity, accuracy, shape constraints, and strength under actual operating conditions.

One invention disclosed herein is an abnormality detection device for a rolling bearing that detects abnormalities in a rolling bearing comprising an outer ring, an inner ring provided inside the outer ring, a plurality of rolling elements provided between the outer ring and the inner ring so as to be able to roll freely, and a retainer that holds the plurality of rolling elements while maintaining a distance between the rolling elements and adjacent rolling elements, the device comprising a first side detection member on one side in the axial direction of the rolling bearing along the inner surface of the outer ring or the outer surface of the inner ring, and a second side detection member on the other side in the axial direction of the rolling bearing electrically insulated from the first side detection member, and a measurement unit that outputs measurement information obtained by measuring the electrical characteristics between the first side detection member and the second side detection member, and the first and second side detection members come into contact with the retainer when the retainer is worn.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to detect cage wear by the electrical characteristics obtained when the cage comes into contact with the detection member and conducts electricity as the cage wear progresses, or by contact information obtained from this. This provides unprecedented and remarkable benefits, such as time savings by eliminating analysis work, simplification because precision machining of the bearing is not required to install sensors, elimination of shape restrictions, prevention of strength reduction, and increased accuracy of abnormality diagnosis because it is not affected by grease or oil.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a rolling bearing according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a rolling bearing according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along a cross section parallel to the rotation axis thereof, and a configuration diagram of an abnormality detection device and an abnormality diagnosis device for the rolling bearing using this view. FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged top view of a retainer of the rolling bearing according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a detection member in a cross section parallel to the rotation axis of the rolling bearing according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a rolling bearing abnormality detection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure; 1 is a configuration diagram of a rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure; 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a rolling bearing and an abnormality detection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis. 1 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to a rotation axis showing a rolling bearing according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure and another abnormality detection device. 1 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to a rotation axis showing a rolling bearing according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure and another abnormality detection device. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a rolling bearing and an abnormality detection device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, taken along a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis. FIG. 11 is a cross section perpendicular to a rotation axis showing a rolling bearing and another abnormality detection device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a train abnormality monitoring system according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. A figure showing an example of the configuration of another train abnormality monitoring system according to embodiment 3 of the present disclosure. A figure showing an example of the configuration of another train abnormality monitoring system according to embodiment 3 of the present disclosure. A figure showing an example of the configuration of another train abnormality monitoring system according to embodiment 3 of the present disclosure.

The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, and can be combined and modified as appropriate. The drawings have also been simplified as appropriate to make the explanation easier to understand.

Embodiment 1.
An abnormality detection device and an abnormality diagnosis device for a rolling bearing according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to Figs.

The abnormality detection device 100 for the rolling bearing 1 of this embodiment detects abnormalities in the rolling bearing 1, which includes an outer ring 4, an inner ring 7 (which can also be considered as a rotating ring) provided inside the outer ring 4 (which can also be considered as a fixed ring), a plurality of rolling elements 8 provided to be freely rollable between the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7, and a retainer 9 that holds the plurality of rolling elements 8 while maintaining a distance between the rolling elements 8 and adjacent rolling elements. Here, the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7 rotate relatively around the same rotation axis, and the plurality of rolling elements 8 revolve around the same rotation axis while rolling and rotating between the outer ring raceway surface 3 on the inner peripheral surface 2 side of the outer ring 4 and the inner ring raceway surface 6 on the outer peripheral surface 5 side of the inner ring 7.

The inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 that contacts the rolling elements 8 is the outer ring raceway surface 3, and the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 that contacts the rolling elements 8 is the inner ring raceway surface 6. Hereinafter, the same rotation axis as above will be referred to as the rotation axis, the axial direction of the rotation axis will be referred to as the axial direction, the radial direction from the central axis of the rotation axis will be referred to as the radial direction, and the direction of rotation when rotated around the rotation axis will be referred to as the circumferential direction.

The rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 includes detection members 15 provided electrically insulated on a first side on one side and a second side on the other side in the rotational axis direction of the rolling bearing 1 along the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7, and a measurement unit 16 that outputs measurement information obtained by measuring an electrical characteristic between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side. Here, the detection members on the first side and the second side may be configured to come into contact with the cage 9 when the cage 9 is worn. It can also be said that the detection member 15 is fitted into the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7.

5 shows a configuration diagram of the rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100. The rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 includes a detection member 15 and a measurement unit 16. The detection members on the first and second sides of the rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 come into contact with the cage 9 when the cage 9 is worn. When the electrically insulated first and second sides of the detection member 15 come into contact with the cage, they become electrically conductive, and the measurement unit 16, which measures the electrical characteristics between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side, outputs the measured measurement information. The measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 changes before and after the detection member 15 comes into contact with the cage, so the side that receives the measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 reads the change and detects wear of the cage 9.

6 shows a configuration diagram of the rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200. The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200 includes the above-mentioned rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 and a diagnosis unit 19.
The rolling bearing abnormality diagnostic device 200 includes a diagnostic unit 19 that receives measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 of the rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 and judges the condition of the rolling bearing 1 from the received measurement information.

In Figure 1, a rotating part in which the outside and inside rotate relatively is described as an example of an application of the rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 and the rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200. In this example, the rolling bearing 1, which is the rotating part, is a cylindrical roller bearing 1. Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the rolling bearing 1 in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Note that the cross-section is created on a plane passing through the center of the annular portion 10 on the axially outer side of the retainer 9. The same applies below.

Cylindrical roller bearing 1 comprises an outer ring 4, an inner ring 7, cylindrical rollers 8 which serve as rolling elements 8, and a cage 9 which holds the multiple cylindrical rollers 8 so that they can roll freely. An outer ring raceway surface 3 is formed on the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 of cylindrical roller bearing 1, and an inner ring raceway surface 6 is formed on the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7. Multiple cylindrical rollers 8 are arranged so that they can roll freely between the outer ring raceway surface 3 and the inner ring raceway surface 6. The space between the outer ring raceway surface 3 and the inner ring raceway surface 6 is internally lubricated with a lubricating oil such as grease.

With the above structure, the cylindrical roller bearing 1 has the outer ring 4 connected to one component and the inner ring 7 connected to the other component, and the outer ring 4 and inner ring 7 become a bearing that can rotate relatively around the rotation axis. In Figures 1, 2, and 4, the outer ring 4 side is fixed and the inner ring 7 side rotates. Alternatively, conversely, the inner ring 7 side may be fixed and the outer ring 4 side rotates. This is not limited to this, and they can also rotate relatively. An example in which the inner ring 7 side is fixed and serves as a fixed ring is shown in Figure 7. In the example in Figure 7, the outer ring 4 is a rotating ring and the inner ring 7 is a fixed ring.

The cage 9 has a pair of annular ring portions 10 that are annular around the rotation axis, and a plurality of column portions 11 (16 in the example of FIG. 1) that are arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction and connect the pair of annular portions 10 in the axial direction. The cage 9 has a plurality of pocket portions 12 (16 in FIG. 1) defined by the pair of annular portions 10 and the plurality of column portions 11, which each hold a cylindrical roller 8.

Figure 3 shows an enlarged view of the retainer 9 viewed from the outer periphery to the inner periphery. Between the upper and lower annular portions 10 and the two adjacent column portions 11 is a pocket portion 12, and the rolling elements 8 (cylindrical rollers 8) fit into this space. The rolling elements 8 (cylindrical rollers 8) roll in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, with their radial movement being regulated relative to the outer ring raceway surface 3 and the inner ring raceway surface 6. Furthermore, each rolling element 8 (cylindrical roller 8) is held by the retainer 9 so that it does not come into contact with adjacent rolling elements 8 (cylindrical rollers 8) in the circumferential direction.

The cage 9 rotates in the same circumferential direction as the rolling elements 8, and there is a margin between the outer ring raceway surface 3 and the inner ring raceway surface 6 in the radial direction, and between the rolling elements 8 (cylindrical rollers 8) in the circumferential direction, rather than being in constant contact. It is known that the cage 9 wears out as the rolling bearing 1 rotates. When wear occurs, the cage 9 moves significantly in the radial or circumferential direction from the beginning, and may collide with the rolling elements 8 and be damaged.

In Figures 1 and 2, the detection member 15 is two conductors insulated in the axial direction, both of which are provided on the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4. The detection member 15 may be formed as an integrated unit by connecting the two conductors with an insulating material, or the two conductors may be separate bodies.

For example, the detection member 15 can be configured separately on one side and the other side in the axial direction. In this case, the detection member 15 can be configured to have a shape that fits the inner surface 2 of the outer ring 4 on each of the one side and the other side in the axial direction, and assembled by fitting into the inner surface 2 of the outer ring 4 from the outside in the axial direction to the center. The detection member 15 may also be configured in a foil or sheet shape and attached to the inner surface 2 of the outer ring 4.

In the example of Figure 7, the outer ring 4 is the rotating ring and the inner ring 7 is the fixed ring. In this example, the detection member 15 is two conductors insulated in the axial direction, both of which are provided on the inner ring raceway surface 6 that corresponds to the outer periphery of the inner ring 7. As above, the detection member 15 may be formed as one unit by connecting the two conductors with an insulating material, or the two conductors may be separate and each may be in contact with the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7.

7, the detection member 15 can also be configured separately on one side and the other side in the axial direction. In this case, the detection member 15 can be configured to have a shape that fits the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 on each of the one side and the other side in the axial direction, and can be assembled by fitting it onto the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 from the outside in the axial direction to the center. The detection member 15 may also be configured in a foil or sheet shape and attached to the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7.

When the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 is a conductor, the detection member 15 is electrically insulated from the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7. This can be achieved by attaching an insulating sheet to the connection surface of the detection member 15 with the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7, or by applying an insulating material to the joint surface of the detection member 15 with the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 or the joint surface of the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 with the detection member 15.

When the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, in addition to the detection member fitting portion 14 that fits along the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4, a detection member side portion 13 that fits along the axially outer side surface of the outer ring 4 may be provided. When the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, in addition to the detection member fitting portion 14 that fits along the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7, a detection member side portion 13 that fits along the axially outer side surface of the inner ring 7 may be provided. By providing the detection member 15 with not only the detection member fitting portion 14 but also the detection member side portion 13, it is easier to install and the strength of the detection member 15 can also be increased.

The two axially insulated conductors of the detection member 15 may be provided around the entire circumference of the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7, or may be provided on a portion of the circumference. However, at the circumferential position where the detection member 15 is present, it is preferable that the conductors of the detection member 15 are present on both sides in the axial direction. This is so that when the retainer 9 wears, the two conductors of the detection member 15 come into contact with the retainer 9 at the same time. If there are two conductors in the axial direction, they will come into contact with the retainer 9 at the same time, resulting in electrical continuity.

Figure 8 shows an example in which the detection member 15 is provided all around the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4. When the outer ring 4 is a fixed ring and the inner ring 7 is a rotating ring, as shown in Figure 8, the outer ring 4, which is a fixed ring, is fitted with a detection member 15 consisting of a detection member side portion 13 and a detection member fitting portion 14 along the inner circumferential surface 2. Here, the detection member 15 is an annular part insulated on one side and the other side in the axial direction. The detection member 15 may be configured as a separate body divided into one side and the other side in the axial direction, and one side and the other side of the detection member 15 may be fitted from both sides of the side of the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 (outside in the axial direction) toward the axial direction (towards the center of the bearing in the axial direction).

Figure 9 shows an example in which the detection member 15 is provided all around the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7. When the outer ring 4 is a rotating ring and the inner ring 7 is a fixed ring, as shown in Figure 9, the detection member 15, which is composed of the detection member side portion 13 and the detection member fitting portion 14, is fitted along the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7, which is a fixed ring. Here, the detection member 15 is an annular part that is insulated on one side and the other side in the axial direction. The detection member 15 may be configured as a separate body divided into one side and the other side in the axial direction, and one side and the other side of the detection member 15 may be fitted from both sides of the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7 (outside in the axial direction) toward the axial direction (towards the center of the bearing in the axial direction).

By providing the detection member 15 around the entire circumference of the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 as shown in Figures 8 and 9, when the retainer 9 wears, the two conductors of the detection member 15 come into contact with the retainer 9 simultaneously, regardless of the direction of rotation, so that wear can be reliably detected.

At least a part of the detection member 15 is disposed within a range from the position where the rolling element is subjected to the greatest force around the center of rotation of the rolling bearing 1 to a direction rotated 180 degrees in the direction in which the rolling element 8 rotates. Alternatively, the detection member 15 is disposed within a range of 180 degrees or more and less than 360 degrees, assuming that the direction of the position where the rolling element 8 is subjected to the greatest force around the center of rotation of the rolling bearing 1 is 0 degrees.
When the detection member 15 is provided in a part of the circumferential direction of the outer ring 4, at least when the rotation angle is viewed from a reference circumferential position where the maximum load is applied to the rolling element 8 around the rotation axis in the rotation direction of the inner ring 7 (the rolling element 8 in the absolute coordinate system) when the outer ring 4 is a fixed ring, the detection member 15 may be provided in a range of ±90° or more from 135° when the inner ring 7 rotates counterclockwise. Alternatively, when the inner ring 7 rotates clockwise, the detection member 15 may be provided in a range of ±90° or more from 225°. In either case, the detection member 15 is provided in a range of 180° or more in the circumferential direction. In other words, when the rotation angle is viewed from a reference circumferential position in the rotation direction, when the inner ring 7 rotates counterclockwise, the detection member 15 may be provided in a range of at least ±90° from 135°. Alternatively, when the inner ring 7 rotates clockwise, the detection member 15 may be provided in a range of at least ±90° from 225°. More specifically, the range in which the detection member 15 is provided may be greater than the range of plus or minus 90° from the above-mentioned center and smaller than the range of plus or minus 135°, and more preferably, greater than the range of plus or minus 90° from the above-mentioned center and smaller than the range of plus or minus 100°.

Here, the reference position and reference circumferential position are the reference circumferential positions at which the maximum load is applied to the rolling element 8 around the rotation axis. Although the reference circumferential position strictly changes due to acceleration and deceleration, it can be considered as the vertical downward circumferential position from the center of the rotation axis in a stationary state.

In addition, when the detection member 15 is provided at a part of the circumferential direction of the inner ring 7, when the rotation angle is viewed from a reference circumferential position where the maximum load is applied to the rolling element 8 around the rotation axis in the rotation direction of the outer ring 4 (the rolling element 8 in the absolute coordinate system) when the inner ring 7 is a fixed ring, if the outer ring 4 rotates counterclockwise, it is preferable to provide the detection member 15 in a range of ±90° or more from 315°. Alternatively, if the outer ring 4 rotates clockwise, it is preferable to provide the detection member 15 in a range of ±90° or more from 45°. In either case, the detection member 15 is provided at a circumferential direction of 180° or more. In other words, when the rotation angle is viewed from a reference circumferential position in the rotation direction, if the inner ring 7 rotates counterclockwise, it is preferable to provide the detection member 15 in a range of ±90° from 315°. Alternatively, if the outer ring 4 rotates clockwise, it is preferable to provide the detection member 15 in a range of ±90° from 45°. More specifically, the range in which the detection member 15 is provided may be greater than the range of plus or minus 90° from the above-mentioned center and smaller than the range of plus or minus 135°, and more preferably, greater than the range of plus or minus 90° from the above-mentioned center and smaller than the range of plus or minus 100°.
Regardless of whether the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7, if rotation is possible in both directions, the detection member 15 can be provided on the entire circumference in the circumferential direction.

The two conductors of the detection member 15 are each provided with an electric wire 17 that connects the conductor to the measurement unit 16. When the retainer 9 wears and the amount of radial movement during rotation increases, the electrical characteristics between the two conductors change as the retainer 9 comes into contact with the two conductors, causing conduction. The measurement unit 16 measures the change in electrical characteristics from the two electric wires 17, outputs information including this change, and transmits it to the outside of the anomaly detection device 100.

A transmission unit 18 that is connected to the measurement unit 16 and transmits information measured by the measurement unit 16 transmits the information to a diagnosis unit 19 that diagnoses the presence or absence of an abnormality. A rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200 that diagnoses abnormalities in rolling bearings includes an abnormality detection device 100, a transmission unit 18 that transmits information on electrical characteristics, and a diagnosis unit 19 that diagnoses abnormalities in the rolling bearings from the information on electrical characteristics.

(Wobble caused by the force applied to the cage from the rolling elements)
Next, the force acting on the cage 9 during rotation of the rolling bearing (cylindrical roller bearing) 1 will be described. First, the rolling elements (cylindrical rollers) 8 receive a load from the inner ring 7 or the outer ring 4, but mainly receive the load. The rolling elements (cylindrical rollers) 8 that receive this load are, among the multiple rolling elements (cylindrical rollers) 8, those that are mainly in a load zone, which is a certain range in the direction of the load direction relative to the central axis of rotation. As the inner ring 7 and the outer ring 4 rotate relative to each other, the rolling elements (cylindrical rollers) 8 rotate and move around the axis of rotation. Focusing on one rolling element (cylindrical roller) 8, the rolling element 8 enters the load zone from outside the load zone, passes through the load zone, and leaves the load zone.

When the rolling elements 8 pass through the loaded zone and escape, they accelerate due to the fact that slippage is suppressed by the load and due to the force in the opening direction that occurs as a result of the change from compression to unloading. As the rolling elements 8 accelerate, the cage 9 receives a force in the tangential direction of a circumference passing through the center of the radial width of the cage 9 at the position where the rolling elements 8 have escaped the loaded zone. The cage 9, which rotates together with the rolling elements 8, is intermittently subjected to a force in the tangential direction of the circumference at the position where the rolling elements 8 have escaped the loaded zone.

The above tangential force applied to the retainer 9 causes the retainer 9 to eccentrically revolve (swirl) at a position radially away from the rotation axis, rather than revolving around the rotation axis. For example, when the rotation direction of the rolling elements 8 and the retainer 9 is counterclockwise, the retainer 9 eccentrically revolves (swirls) at a position radially away from the rotation axis at 135° when the rotation angle is viewed in the direction of rotation from the reference circumferential position where the maximum load is applied to the rolling elements 8 around the rotation axis. Alternatively, when the rotation direction of the rolling elements 8 and the retainer 9 is clockwise, the retainer 9 eccentrically revolves (swirls) at a position radially away from the rotation axis at 225° when the rotation angle is viewed in the direction of rotation from the reference circumferential position where the maximum load is applied to the rolling elements 8 around the rotation axis.

The retainer 9 becomes eccentric due to a force in the tangential direction of the circumference at the load zone escape position, so that the eccentric direction is the tangential direction of the circumference at the load zone escape position.

(Effects of cage wear)
Next, the influence of wear of the cage 9 caused by use of the rolling bearing 1 will be described. Due to contact between the cage 9 and the rolling elements (rollers) 8, the cage 9 wears at the pocket side surface 12a, which is the surface of the pocket portion 12 that contacts the rolling elements 8. When the pocket side surface 12a wears, the column portion 11 becomes thinner and the circumferential width of the pocket portion 12 becomes wider. When the cage 9, which has become wider in the circumferential direction of the pocket portion 12 due to wear of the cage 9, receives a force in the tangential direction of the circumference from the rolling elements (rollers) 8 at the position of escape from the load zone, the eccentric amount of the eccentric revolution (swing) described above increases. In other words, the eccentric revolution (swing) phenomenon changes the distance between the cage 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7.

In the above-mentioned eccentric revolution (whirling) of the cage 9, the position where the distance between the outer ring 4 and the cage 9, and between the inner ring 7 and the cage 9, during one revolution period is shortest is a position at 135° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from the above-mentioned reference position when the rotational direction of the cage 9 is counterclockwise. Also, when the rotational direction of the cage 9 is clockwise, it is a position at 225° in the rotational direction of the rolling elements 8 from the above-mentioned reference position.

In the rolling bearing 1, the detection member 15 is provided on the inner side where the rolling elements 8 of the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 are located, so that, as described above, when the distance between the retainer 9 and the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 changes, the retainer-detection member distance L, which is the distance between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15, also changes.

As described above, when the amount of wear on the pocket side surface 12a of the retainer 9 increases through use of the rolling bearing 1, the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon of the retainer 9 becomes more pronounced, and the distance between the retainer 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 changes more significantly. Similarly, the retainer-detection member distance L also changes more significantly, and the shortest retainer-detection member distance L also becomes shorter. In other words, as the retainer 9 wears, the amount of change in the retainer-detection member distance L gradually increases, and eventually the retainer-detection member distance L becomes zero. In other words, if a detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the retainer outer peripheral surface 9a and the abnormality detection contact portion 15a of the detection member 15 will come into contact.

Here, the first and second side detection members 15 are positioned so as to come into contact with the retainer 9 when the retainer 9 becomes worn, but are positioned taking into consideration the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon that occurs when the retainer 9 becomes worn.

(Disposition of detection member)
The detection member 15 may be provided over the entire circumference of the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7, or may be provided on a part of the circumference. In the case of providing on a part of the circumference, it is preferable to provide it as follows, taking into consideration the characteristics of the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon when the cage 9 wears. When the outer ring 4 is a fixed ring, when the rotation angle is viewed from the reference circumferential position in the rotation direction of the inner ring 7 (of the rolling element 8 in the absolute coordinate system), if the inner ring 7 rotates counterclockwise, it is preferable to provide it in a range of ±90° or more around 135°. Alternatively, when the inner ring 7 rotates clockwise, it is preferable to provide it in a range of ±90° or more around 225°. When the inner ring 7 is a fixed ring, when the rotation angle is viewed from the reference circumferential position in the rotation direction of the outer ring 4 (of the rolling element 8 in the absolute coordinate system), if the outer ring 4 rotates counterclockwise, it is preferable to provide it in a range of ±90° or more around 315°. Alternatively, when the outer ring 4 rotates clockwise, it is preferable to provide it in a range of ±90° or more around 45°.

The angle at which the detection member 15 is provided is set to 90° for convenience, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, it may be in the range of 90° to 180° in the rotational direction of the rolling element 8 from the reference circumferential position, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, it may be in the range of 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling element 8 from the reference circumferential position. In the part where the detection member 15 is provided, the detection member 15 protrudes from the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 toward the cage 9, and when the rolling bearing 1 does not rotate, the cage-detection member distance L is smaller than in other parts. Then, when the cage 9 wears, the part where the detection member 15 is present comes into contact before other parts due to the above-mentioned tangential force.

Furthermore, when the direction of relative rotation of the bearings changes, the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon that occurs when the retainer 9 wears will be reversed. Therefore, by providing the detection member 15 at two locations within the above-mentioned range in both rotational directions from the reference position, wear of the retainer 9 can be detected in either rotational direction.

When the direction of relative rotation of the bearings changes and when the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the range is 90° to 270° from the reference circumferential position in one rotation direction of the rolling element 8, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, the range is 270° to 360° from the reference circumferential position in one rotation direction of the rolling element 8, which makes manufacturing and assembly easier. Simply put, when the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the detection member may be provided on the upward half in the vertical direction, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, the detection member may be provided on the downward half in the vertical direction.

In addition, when the direction of rotation of the rolling bearing 1 changes, the sensitivity of wear detection of the retainer 9 can be increased in either direction of rotation by setting the circumferential range of the detection member 15 so that it is linearly symmetrical with respect to a line passing through the reference circumferential position and the center of the rotation axis.

The amount by which the detection member 15 protrudes from the inner surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer surface 5 of the inner ring 7 should be greater than 10% and less than 50% of the distance from the inner surface 2 of the outer ring 4 to the retainer or the distance from the outer surface 5 of the inner ring 7 to the retainer.

As shown in Fig. 4, the thickness D of the anomaly detection contact portion 15a toward the cage may be changed between 10% and 50% of the distance from the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 to the cage or the distance from the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 to the cage. For example, by setting the thickness D to be thick, it becomes possible to set a threshold value for anomaly detection, such as enabling detection in a state where damage to the cage is small and there is a margin of error.

In addition, one or more thin plates or sheets may be configured to be detachable on the outer ring 4 side or inner ring 7 side of the detection member 15, so that the amount of protrusion of the detection member 15 from the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7 can be adjusted. For example, when the detection member 15 is configured as a sheet as described above, it may have a laminated sheet structure that can be detached one layer at a time to adjust the amount of protrusion, and the amount of protrusion can be adjusted by the number of laminated sheets. By providing an adjustment unit for adjusting the radial thickness as described above, it becomes possible to set the threshold value for abnormality detection and adjust the sensitivity according to the actual usage conditions of the rolling bearing 1, etc.

When the outer peripheral surface 9a of the holder comes into contact with the abnormality detection contact portion 15a of the detection member 15, both sides of the detection member 15, which were electrically insulated, become conductive through the holder 9, and the electric wires 17 connected to both sides of the detection member 15 and the measuring portion 16 connected to the electric wires 17 become conductive. The detection member 15 and the holder 9 are conductive members.

The measuring unit 16 measures the electrical characteristics between one side and the other side of the insulated detection member 15 connected to the ends of two electric wires 17, and outputs the measured electrical characteristics or information derived from these electrical characteristics as measurement information. Until the above-mentioned retainer 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 come into contact, one side and the other side of the detection member 15 are insulated, so the electrical resistance value of the electrical characteristics is infinite, and if a voltage is applied, the current value of the electrical characteristics is zero. When the retainer 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 come into contact, conduction occurs between one side and the other side of the detection member 15, the electrical resistance value approaches zero, and the current value increases.

The measurement unit 16 outputs an electrical resistance value or a current value as the measured electrical characteristics. Alternatively, the measurement unit 16 may set a predetermined threshold value for the measured electrical resistance value, and output a signal indicating non-contact if the electrical resistance value is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold, and output a signal indicating contact if the electrical resistance value is less than the threshold. The measurement unit 16 may also set a predetermined threshold value for the measured current value, and output a signal indicating non-contact if the current value is less than the predetermined threshold, and output a signal indicating contact if the current value is equal to or greater than the threshold. The above electrical resistance value, current value, and signal become measurement information, and the measurement unit 16 outputs the measurement information to the outside.

If the measured electrical characteristic is not a value indicating contact, the measurement unit 16 may not output, but may output a value indicating contact together with the time when it measures a value indicating contact. Also, if a value indicating contact is measured consecutively after a value indicating contact is measured, no output may be generated until the next value indicating no contact is measured, and a signal indicating the end of contact may be output together with the time when the next value indicating no contact is measured. In this way, the output signal or data can be significantly reduced.

The anomaly detection device 100 may be provided with a memory unit 31 that associates and stores the measurement information measured by the measurement unit 16 with time information of the time of measurement. The anomaly detection device 100 may also be provided with an external interface unit 32 that outputs the measurement information and time information stored in the memory unit 31 in response to a command from outside the anomaly detection device 100. The external interface unit 32 transmits and receives data to and from the outside via a wired or wireless connection. The external interface unit 32 may be connected to a network to transmit and receive data, and the network may be a local network or the Internet.

The diagnosis unit 19 of the abnormality diagnosis device 200 receives the measurement information output from the measurement unit 16 and judges the condition of the rolling bearing 1 from the measurement information. The transmission path of the measurement information transmitted from the measurement unit 16 may be wired or wireless. When the received measurement information is an electrical resistance value, the diagnosis unit 19 judges that the cage 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 are in contact if the measurement information is less than a predetermined threshold value, and therefore the cage is worn out. When the received measurement information is a current value, the diagnosis unit 19 judges that the cage 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 are in contact if the measurement information is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value, and therefore the cage is worn out. Until then, the bearing is considered normal.

Furthermore, when the measurement information is a signal indicating the presence or absence of contact between the retainer 9 and the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7, the diagnostic unit 19 judges it to be normal if the signal indicates no contact, and judges that the retainer 9 is wearing out if the signal indicates contact.

(Determination of cage wear based on contact rate and contact time)
Next, we will explain how to determine the wear or the degree of wear of the retainer 9, utilizing the fact that the more the wear of the retainer 9 progresses, the greater the change in the retainer-to-detection member distance L and the longer the time that the retainer 9 is in contact with the detection member 15.

As explained above, when the retainer 9 wears, the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon occurs when the retainer 9 wears, and the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 initially come into contact at one point per rotation of the relative rotation of the bearing. When the retainer 9 wears further, the contact areas between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 increase due to the elastic deformation of the retainer 9, the rolling elements 8, and the detection member 15 themselves, as well as the spaces between them, and the contact time between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 becomes longer during one rotation of the relative rotation of the bearing.

In other words, as wear of the retainer 9 progresses, the percentage of contact between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 during one rotation of the bearing increases. Therefore, by measuring the percentage of contact between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 during one rotation of the bearing, the degree of wear of the retainer 9 can be determined.

The measurement unit 16 may determine a contact ratio, which is the ratio of the time that the detection member 15 and the cage 9 are in contact with each other to the time that the relative rotation between the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7 takes place for one rotation, and output this as measurement information. Here, the measurement unit 16 determines the time for one rotation and the time of contact from the measured measurement information and the time information of the time of measurement, and determines the contact ratio by dividing the time of contact by the time required for one rotation.

At this time, the contact ratio may be calculated using information stored in the memory unit 31, which stores the measurement information in association with time information. The external interface unit 32 may transmit the calculated contact ratio as measurement information including the contact ratio to the outside, or may transmit a contact ratio signal in response to a request from the outside. Here, the contact ratio information may be included in the measurement information as contact information.

In addition to the contact ratio, the contact duration, which is the time of continuous contact, can also be included in the contact information of the measurement information. As wear of the retainer 9 progresses, when the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 come into contact, the contact does not occur at just one point, but continues at a certain relative rotation angle while the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7 are rotating relative to each other. This allows the measurement unit 16 to obtain a signal indicating contact for a certain period of time. The time during which the contact signal continues is the contact time.

As wear of the retainer 9 progresses, the contact time becomes longer. An index similar to the above contact ratio can be obtained from the relationship between the rotation speed of the rolling bearing 1 or the moving speed of the moving body on which the rolling bearing 1 is provided and the contact time, so the degree of wear can be easily determined. In this case, a contact time threshold is set in advance for each rotation speed, moving speed of the moving body, and degree of wear of the retainer 9, and an abnormality of the rolling bearing 1 can be diagnosed depending on whether the contact time exceeds the threshold for the degree of wear according to the rotation speed and moving speed. The measurement unit 16 may output the rotation speed of the rolling bearing 1 or the moving speed of the moving body together with the contact time as measurement information.

The diagnostic unit 19 may receive measurement information from the measurement unit 16 and determine the condition of the rolling bearing 1, in particular the degree of wear of the retainer 9, based on the contact ratio, which is the ratio of the time that the detection member 15 and the retainer 9 are in contact with each other relative to the time that the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7 rotate once. It may be determined that the wear of the retainer 9 is more advanced as the contact ratio increases, and an alarm may be output if the contact ratio is equal to or exceeds a threshold value. The diagnostic unit 19 may also receive measurement information that does not include the contact ratio, and determine the measurement information in the diagnostic unit 19 in the same manner as described above.

In addition, when the measurement unit 16 includes the contact time in the measurement information, the diagnosis unit 19 may acquire the rotational speed of the rolling bearing 1 or the moving speed of the moving body from the outside, and include information on the rotational speed and moving speed in the received measurement information in association with the measured contact time.

The diagnosis unit 19 may store threshold values for contact time for each rotation speed, moving speed of the moving body, and degree of wear of the retainer 9, and may acquire information on the rotation speed of the rolling bearing 1 or the moving speed of the moving body from the outside, and diagnose an abnormality in the rolling bearing 1 depending on whether the contact time exceeds the threshold value for the degree of wear according to the acquired rotation speed and moving speed.

In addition, if the detection member 15 is provided only partially, rather than all around, there is no contact between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 in the area where the detection member 15 is not present, so there is an upper limit to the contact ratio. Specifically, the upper limit is (angle of the range in which the detection member 15 is provided)/360°.

In the above-described embodiment, a cylindrical roller bearing 1 is used as the rolling bearing 1, but the present invention can be applied to any rolling bearing, such as a tapered roller bearing or a deep groove ball bearing.

According to the configuration of this embodiment, by providing detection members 15 provided electrically insulated on one first side and the other second side in the axial direction of the rolling bearing along the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 4 or the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 7, and a measurement unit that outputs measurement information measuring the electrical characteristics between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side, it is possible to grasp the wear condition of the cage with a simple configuration. Note that, in the above case where the outer ring 4 is a fixed ring, it is preferable to provide the detection member 15 on the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 4, and, in the case where the inner ring 7 is a fixed ring, the detection member 15 is provided on the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7.

In addition, according to the rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 of this embodiment, by taking into account the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon that occurs when the retainer 9 wears, a detection member 15 is provided in a specific circumferential range of the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7, making it possible to detect wear of the retainer 9 early with a simple structure and few parts.

In addition, since the detection member 15 is cylindrical or has a shape that is part of a cylinder, it can be fitted and fixed to the inner surface of the outer ring 4 or the outer surface of the inner ring 7. This eliminates the need for cutting processes such as drilling holes in the rolling bearing, and has the effect of preventing the strength of the rolling bearing 1 itself from being reduced.

Furthermore, when the detection member 15 is provided at a partial angle rather than around the entire circumference of the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7, the detection member 15 is thin plate-like, so the detection member 15 can be made to have a greater curvature than the inner surface of the outer ring 4 or a smaller curvature than the outer surface of the inner ring 7, and can be easily fixed to the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 by elastically deforming and fitting it.

Embodiment 2.
In the above-described embodiment, no description was given regarding the change in the radial width of the detection member 15, but in this embodiment, an example will be described in which the radial width of the detection member 15 is changed. In this embodiment, the same words and symbols as those in the above-described embodiment have the same meanings unless otherwise specified.

The rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 of this embodiment includes detection members 15 provided electrically insulated on a first side on one side and a second side on the other side in the rotational axis direction of the rolling bearing 1 along the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7, and a measurement unit 16 that outputs measurement information obtained by measuring electrical characteristics between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side. Here, the detection members on the first side and the second side may be configured to come into contact with the cage 9 when the cage 9 is worn. It can also be said that the detection member 15 is fitted into the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7.

The detection members on the first and second sides of the abnormality detection device 100 come into contact with the retainer 9 when the retainer 9 is worn. When the first and second sides of the electrically insulated detection member 15 come into contact with the retainer, they become electrically conductive, and a measurement unit 16 that measures the electrical characteristics between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side outputs the measured measurement information. The measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 changes before and after the contact between the detection member 15 and the retainer, so the side that receives the measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 reads the change and detects wear of the retainer 9.

The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200 is equipped with a diagnosis unit 19 that receives measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 and judges the condition of the rolling bearing 1 from the received measurement information.

The detection member 15 is provided around the entire circumference of 360° along the inner peripheral surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer peripheral surface 5 of the inner ring 7. In this embodiment, the detection member 15 has a thicker radial thickness at the portion of the circumference where the retainer-detection member distance L, which is the distance between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15, becomes smaller when the retainer 9 is worn. In other words, the radial thickness of the portion where the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 are more likely to come into contact due to the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon caused by the wear of the retainer 9 when the retainer 9 is worn is thickened, thereby narrowing the gap between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15.

The first and second detection members have a maximum radial thickness in a range from the reference direction to a direction rotated 180 degrees in the direction in which the rolling element 8 rotates, with the rolling bearing 1 at the center, where the force is greatest. The maximum radial thickness in a range from the reference direction to a direction rotated 180 degrees in the direction opposite to the direction in which the rolling element 8 rotates, is thicker than the maximum radial thickness in a range from the reference direction to a direction rotated 180 degrees in the direction opposite to the direction in which the rolling element rotates. The cage 9 receives a force in the direction of rotation in the tangential direction of the circumference passing through the center of the radial width of the cage 9 at the position where the rolling element 8 escapes from the load zone, as described in the above embodiment, and when the cage 9 wears, it swings in the direction of this force. Therefore, the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is determined so that the distance between the cage 9 and the detection member 15 in the direction of the force from the center of the rotating shaft is shortened. For this reason, the position where the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased is different by 180 degrees between the case where the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4 and the case where the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7. In addition, the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased at least in a range including the position in the direction of the force. The radial thickness of the detection member 15 can also be said to be the thickness of the detection member 15 in the direction toward the cage 9.

The circumferential portion where the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased should be in the range of 90° to 180° from the reference position in the rotational direction of the rolling element 8 when the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, and in the range of 270° to 360° from the reference position in the rotational direction of the rolling element 8 when the detection member is provided on the inner ring 7. Here, the reference position is the reference circumferential position where the maximum load is applied to the rolling element 8 around the rotation axis. Although the reference circumferential position strictly changes due to acceleration and deceleration, it may be considered as the vertical downward circumferential position from the center of the rotation axis in a stationary state.

In addition, for convenience, the circumferential range over which the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased may be set to 90°, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the range may be from 90° to 180° in the rotational direction of the rolling body 8 from a reference circumferential position, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, the range may be from 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling body 8 from a reference circumferential position.

Figure 10 shows an example in which the outer ring 4 is a fixed ring and the detection member 15 is provided all around along the inner surface 2 of the outer ring 4. Assuming that the rolling element 8 rotates counterclockwise when viewed from the front to the back of the page, an example is shown in which the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased in a range of 90° to 180° in the rotational direction of the rolling element 8 from a reference circumferential position. In this case, the detection member 15 protrudes toward the rotating shaft in a range of 90° to 180° in the rotational direction of the rolling element 8 from the reference circumferential position. The amount of protrusion can be 50% of the distance from the bottom surface 15b of the abnormality detection contact portion of the detection member 15 to the outer peripheral surface 9a of the cage.

Figure 11 shows an example in which the outer ring 4 is fixed and the detection member 15 is provided all around along the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7. Assuming that the rolling element 8 rotates counterclockwise when viewed from the front to the back of the page, an example is shown in which the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased in a range of 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling element 8 from a reference circumferential position. In this case, the detection member 15 protrudes away from the rotation axis in a range of 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling element 8 from the reference circumferential position.

Furthermore, when the rotational direction of the rolling body 8 changes, if a detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the range may be 90° to 270° in the rotational direction of the rolling body 8 from a reference circumferential position, and if a detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, the range may be the combined range of 0° to 90° and 270° to 360° in the rotational direction of the rolling body 8 from a reference circumferential position.

In the rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 of this embodiment, when the retainer 9 wears, the eccentric revolution (whirling) phenomenon caused by the wear of the retainer 9 causes the retainer 9 to easily come into contact with the detection member 15. This increases the radial thickness of the portion where the retainer 9 is more likely to come into contact with the detection member 15, making it possible to detect the retainer with little damage and with a margin of error, thereby increasing the accuracy of detection. In addition, the sensitivity of the wear detection of the retainer 9 can be increased.

In addition, the range in which the thickness of the detection member 15 is increased includes a tangential position on the circumference passing through the center of the radial width of the retainer 9 at the position where the rolling body 8 escapes the load zone when viewed from the center of the rotating shaft, thereby increasing the sensitivity of wear detection of the retainer 9.

Furthermore, for convenience, the circumferential range over which the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased is set to 90°. When the detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4, the range is 90° to 180° from the reference circumferential position in the rotational direction of the rolling body 8, and when the detection member 15 is provided on the inner ring 7, the range is 270° to 360° from the reference circumferential position in the rotational direction of the rolling body 8, making manufacturing and assembly easier.

In addition, when the rotational direction of the rolling bearing changes, the sensitivity of wear detection of the retainer 9 can be increased in either direction of rotation by providing a circumferential range in which the radial thickness of the detection member 15 is increased so as to be linearly symmetrical with respect to a line passing through a reference circumferential position and the center of the rotation shaft.

Embodiment 3.
The rolling bearing abnormality detection device 100 and abnormality diagnosis device 200 of the above-mentioned embodiment can be applied to abnormality detection and abnormality diagnosis of bearings attached to axles, reduction gears, and electric motor shafts of railway vehicles. In this embodiment, a train abnormality monitoring system for railway vehicles using the abnormality detection device 100 and abnormality diagnosis device 200 explained in the above-mentioned embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the same words and symbols as those in the above-mentioned embodiment have the same meanings unless otherwise specified.

The train abnormality monitoring system 300 is an abnormality monitoring system that monitors abnormalities in the rolling bearing 1 that holds the rotating shaft of the axle, reduction gear, or electric motor of the railway vehicle 20. The train abnormality monitoring system 300 includes an abnormality diagnosis device 200 having an abnormality detection device 100, and a train integrated management device 21 that is installed in the railway vehicle 20 having a plurality of rolling bearings 1 and includes a function of monitoring the operating state of rotating equipment. When an abnormality is judged to exist by the diagnosis unit 19 of the abnormality diagnosis device 200, the train integrated management device 21 displays, for example, on the cab 22 of the railway vehicle 20 that there is an abnormality in the rolling bearing 1. Since the train abnormality monitoring system 300 monitors the rolling bearing 1 of the railway vehicle, it can also be said to be a train abnormality monitoring system for the railway vehicle.

The abnormality detection device 100 comprises detection members 15 provided along the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 of the rolling bearing 1 or the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 7, on one first side in the rotational axis direction of the rolling bearing 1 and on the other second side, while being electrically insulated, and a measurement unit 16 that outputs measurement information obtained by measuring an electrical characteristic between the detection member on the first side and the detection member on the second side. Here, the detection members on the first side and the second side may be configured to come into contact with the cage 9 when the cage 9 is worn.

The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 200 is equipped with a diagnosis unit 19 that receives measurement information output by the measurement unit 16 and judges the condition of the rolling bearing 1 from the received measurement information.

The railway vehicle 20 that is the subject of abnormality monitoring may be a single car, a single train 23 consisting of multiple cars, or multiple trains 23. A single railway vehicle 20 may have one or more rolling bearings 1 that are the subject of abnormality monitoring.

Figure 12 shows a configuration diagram of a train abnormality monitoring system 300 according to the present embodiment. The train abnormality monitoring system 300 is a train abnormality monitoring system that monitors abnormalities in the rolling bearings 1 that hold the axles, reduction gears, or rotating shafts of the electric motors of the railway vehicle 20.

In this example, the train abnormality monitoring system 300 is applied to one formation 23 consisting of multiple cars. The abnormality detection device 100 comprises a detection member 15 and a measurement unit 16. The detection member 15 is provided on the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 of the rolling bearing 1 (not shown except for the retainer 9) that holds the rotating shaft of the axle, reducer or electric motor of the railway vehicle 20, and is provided on one side and the other side in the axial direction of the rolling bearing 1, insulated from each other. The measurement unit 16 measures the electrical characteristics between one side and the other side of the detection member, and outputs the measured measurement information.

As in the above-described embodiment, the detection members 15 of the anomaly detection device 100 are provided on both axial sides of each rolling bearing 1 (both sides are referred to as one set). A measurement unit 16 may be provided for each rolling bearing, or a single measurement unit 16 may be configured to measure multiple sets of detection members 15 and output measurement information for multiple sets. A measurement unit 16 may be provided for each car in a trainset 23 consisting of multiple cars.

The measurement unit 16 outputs electrical characteristics obtained by the electrical continuity of contact between the detection member 15 and the retainer 9, or contact information derived from this, and identification information for identifying the rolling bearing, for the rolling bearing used in the rotating equipment installed in the railway vehicle 20.

The measurement information measured by the measurement unit 16 is the electrical characteristics obtained by the contact conduction between the detection member 15 and the retainer 9, or contact information obtained from this. In addition, the measurement unit 16 may output or store the time when the electrical characteristics were measured as measurement information, in association with the measurement value.

Furthermore, the measurement unit 16 may output the relative rotation of the rolling bearing 1, in this case the contact ratio, which is the ratio of the contact time during which the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 are in contact per one rotation of the shaft, as contact information based on the current value or resistance value obtained by contact between the retainer 9 and the detection member 15 and the time of measurement, and include this in the measurement information.

Each rolling bearing 1 is given identification information with which it can be identified. The measurement unit 16 may associate the identification information of the rolling bearing 1 with the measurement information of the rolling bearing 1, and output (transmit to the outside) or store in the memory unit 31. By outputting and storing the identification information of the rolling bearing 1 in this manner, for example by associating it with the measurement information of the rolling bearing 1 as a set, when an abnormality is detected from the measurement information, it is possible to identify in which formation 23, which car, which bogie, and which rolling bearing 1 the abnormality, such as wear, has occurred.

The abnormality diagnosis device 200 includes a diagnosis unit 19. The diagnosis unit 19 receives measurement information output from the measurement unit 16 of the abnormality detection device 100 by wire or wirelessly, and judges abnormalities such as wear of the retainer 9 of the rolling bearing 1 from the electrical characteristics of the measurement information or the contact information (contact ratio) obtained from the electrical characteristics. The diagnosis unit 19 can also judge the degree of wear of the retainer 9 from the contact information (contact ratio) included in the measurement information, and judge an abnormality to exist if the wear is equal to or greater than a threshold value.

In addition, when the contact ratio is not calculated by the measurement unit 16, the diagnosis unit 19 may calculate the contact ratio from the measurement information received by the diagnosis unit 19.

The diagnosis unit 19 can identify the target rolling bearing 1 from the identification information of the rolling bearing 1 contained in the measurement information, and can output which train set 23, which car, which bogie, and which rolling bearing 1 the abnormality such as wear has occurred in. To do this, the diagnosis unit 19 stores the association between the identification information and the locations of the train set 23, car, bogie, and rolling bearing, and can identify the train set 23, car, bogie, and location of the bearing where the abnormality has occurred, and output a signal to display on the display.

The train integrated management device 21 receives the results of the judgment made by the diagnosis unit 19 via wired or wireless transmission, and if an abnormality is found, displays the abnormality on a display. The display may be that of the cab 22 connected to the train integrated management device 21. In this case, the diagnosis unit 19 identifies the formation 23, car, bogie and location of the bearing where the abnormality occurred, and this information is received by the train integrated management device 21, converted into information for displaying the location of the abnormality graphically, and output to the display.

In addition, the train integrated management device 21 may receive identification information of the rolling bearing 1 from the diagnosis unit 19, and identify the locations of the formation 23, vehicle, bogie, and rolling bearing that have been determined to be abnormal from information stored in the train integrated management device 21 indicating the relationship between the identification information and the locations of the formation 23, vehicle, bogie, and rolling bearing.

The above has been described as one train 23 consisting of multiple railway cars 20, but it can also be described as an abnormality monitoring system that monitors abnormalities in multiple rolling bearings 1 in one train 23.

Figure 13 shows a configuration diagram of another train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment. In the example of Figure 12, the condition of the rolling bearing 1 in one train set 23 of a railway vehicle is diagnosed and the diagnosis result is displayed, but information on the rolling bearings 1 of multiple train sets 23 may be aggregated in a maintenance server and the collected information may be stored.

12, as described above, not only is an abnormality diagnosis device 200 having an abnormality detection device 100 and a train integrated management device 21 installed in a railway vehicle 20 having a plurality of rolling bearings 1 and including a function of monitoring the operating state of rotating equipment provided in one train set 23 of the railway vehicle, but each of the plurality of train sets 23 is provided with an abnormality diagnosis device 200 and a train integrated management device 21. Furthermore, the train abnormality monitoring system 300 includes a maintenance server 25 that is connected to the train integrated management device 21 by a wired or wireless network and holds information on the rolling bearings 1 of the railway vehicles of the plurality of train sets 23 having the train integrated management device 21.

The detection member 15, measurement unit 16 and diagnosis unit 19 have the same configuration as the example shown in Figure 12 above.

In the train integrated management device 21, output information output from the measurement unit 16 is transmitted to the maintenance server 25 via the network. The maintenance server 25 also stores the output information output from the measurement unit 16 in its own storage device. The maintenance server 25 may be provided in a maintenance center, maintenance base, etc., rather than on the railway vehicle 20. In this case, it is not necessary to provide a diagnosis unit 19 in each formation 23 of the railway vehicle 20. Therefore, it is no longer necessary to provide each formation 23 of the railway vehicle 20 with the ability to execute the diagnosis unit 19, power, etc., and the number of components of the railway vehicle 20 or each formation 23 can be reduced and simplified.

The diagnosis unit 19 or the train integrated management device 21 may temporarily store the output information output from the measurement unit 16 of each rolling bearing 1 and transmit the stored information to the maintenance server 25 at any timing, or copy the temporarily stored information to a storage medium and store it in the storage unit of the maintenance server 25 via the storage medium. Possible timings for transmission to the maintenance server 25 include when the train is stopped at a station, a signal, a depot, etc. This is because, if wireless, the communication environment is good, and if wired, a connection line for communication can be connected.

In the train integrated management device 21, the diagnosis information, which is the result of the diagnosis output from the abnormality diagnosis device 200, is transmitted to the maintenance server 25 via the network. The diagnosis information is information on the results of judgments such as whether each rolling bearing 1 is healthy, abnormal, or requires inspection. The maintenance server 25 may also store the transmitted diagnosis information in a storage device of the maintenance server 25. The output information output from the measurement unit 16 is generated on a second-by-second basis for each rolling bearing 1, resulting in a large amount of data for multiple trains 23. However, by transmitting diagnosis information, and abnormality information in particular, the transmission load can be significantly reduced.

Figure 14 shows a configuration diagram of another train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment. In the example of Figure 13, the information of the rolling bearings 1 of multiple formations 23 is aggregated in the maintenance server 25 and the collected information is stored. However, instead of providing a diagnostic unit 19 in each formation 23 of the railway vehicle 20, the diagnostic unit 19 may be provided to connect to the maintenance server 25, and the diagnostic unit 19 may diagnose the condition of each rolling bearing 1 using the information output from the measurement unit 16 stored in the maintenance server 25. In addition, the maintenance server 25 may be provided with an input unit for inputting maintenance information including output information (measurement information) corresponding to the identification information of the rolling bearing from the outside. The judgment criteria described below may be obtained based on the input maintenance information. In this case, the maintenance information may include measurement information measured in the past, and may also include information on the result of the judgment that maintenance or updating is necessary as a result of the inspection. The judgment criteria and threshold value can be determined using the past measurement information and the information on the result of the necessity of maintenance or updating.

The detection member 15 and the measuring unit 16 have the same configuration as the example shown in Figure 12 above.

Here, an abnormality detection device 100 consisting of a detection member 15 and a measurement unit 16 is provided on a rolling bearing 1 of a railway vehicle 20 or on the railway vehicle. The measurement unit 16 outputs electrical characteristics obtained by the contact conduction between the detection member 15 and the cage 9 for the rolling bearing 1 used in rotating equipment installed on the railway vehicle 20, or contact information derived from this, and identification information for identifying the rolling bearing, which are transmitted to a maintenance server 25 via a wired or wireless network. The measurement information includes identification information for identifying the rolling bearing 1 being measured (identifying the formation 23, vehicle, and bearing), as well as information on the time of measurement.

During transmission from the measurement unit 16 to the maintenance server 25, the train integrated management device 21 of each train set 23 of the railway vehicle may temporarily hold the measurement information and transmit it to the maintenance server 25. This is suitable when the railway vehicle 20 transmits the information at a location where the transmission path environment is good.

The maintenance server 25 receives measurement information of the rolling bearings 1 of multiple trains 23 and stores it in a memory unit.

The diagnosis unit 19 reads out the measurement information of the rolling bearings 1 of multiple trains 23 stored in the maintenance server 25, and judges whether there is an abnormality in each rolling bearing 1. Specifically, the diagnosis unit 19 identifies the target rolling bearing 1 from the identification information of the rolling bearing 1 contained in the measurement information stored in the maintenance server 25, and outputs which train 23, which car, which bogie, and which rolling bearing 1 have an abnormality such as wear.

The diagnosis unit 19 stores in advance the association between the identification information and the location of the train set 23, vehicle, bogie, and rolling bearing, and can identify the train set 23, vehicle, bogie, and location of the bearing in which an abnormality has occurred, and output a signal to display the information graphically on the display.

By configuring as described above, there is no need to provide a storage device for retaining measurement information over long periods of time or a computing device for diagnosis in each train set 23 of the railway vehicle 20, and since this is carried out by the maintenance server 25 and the diagnosis unit 19 connected to it, the efficiency of the entire system is high.

Figure 15 shows a configuration diagram of another train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment. In this example, in addition to the configuration of the train abnormality monitoring system 300 in Figure 12, an analysis unit 26 connected to a maintenance server 25 is provided, and the analysis unit 26 transmits the abnormality judgment criteria, which are the results of the analysis, to the diagnosis unit 19, and each diagnosis unit 19 judges an abnormality based on the judgment criteria.

In the example of Figure 15, the abnormality detection device 100, abnormality diagnosis device 200, and maintenance server 25 are similar to those in the example of Figure 12.

The analysis unit 26 is connected to the maintenance server 25 by wire or wirelessly, and reads out the measurement information of the rolling bearings 1 of the railway cars 20 stored in the maintenance server 25. The analysis unit 26 analyzes the measurement information of the multiple rolling bearings 1 of the multiple railway cars 20 of the multiple formations 23, and determines a judgment criterion for the value of the measurement information at which wear of the retainer 9 of the rolling bearing 1 becomes abnormal. The judgment criterion can be determined as a function of an inequality in which the threshold data or the value of the measurement information is a variable. The analysis unit 26 transmits the determined judgment criterion as judgment criterion information to the diagnosis unit 19 via the maintenance server 25 and the train integrated management device 21, or via the train integrated management device 21, or directly.

The diagnosis unit 19 receives the criteria information, stores the criteria information, or updates existing criteria to the criteria of the received criteria information, and uses the criteria to determine abnormalities in the measurement information.

This section explains how the analysis unit 26 determines the criteria used to determine abnormalities in the measurement information of the diagnosis unit 19.

(1) Use of standard deviation After a certain period of operation, for each stored rolling bearing 1, the proportion of time during which there was a signal indicating contact between the cage 9 and the detection member 15 in the measurement information was found relative to the total time that the rolling bearing 1 was rotating, and the standard deviation of the proportion of contact time relative to this total time may be calculated, and a rolling bearing 1 with a proportion exceeding the 3σ range, for example, may be judged to be abnormal or requiring inspection. The analysis unit 26 calculates the proportion of contact time relative to the total time of the upper limit of the 3σ range, sets the judgment criterion as exceeding this upper limit proportion, and transmits this as judgment criterion information to the diagnosis unit 19 as described above.

The diagnosis unit 19 receives the judgment criteria information and judges the rolling bearing 1 as abnormal or requiring inspection based on the judgment criterion of exceeding the ratio of contact time to the upper limit of total time. Information on the rolling bearing 1 judged to be abnormal or requiring inspection is displayed via the train integrated management device 21 or sent to the maintenance server 25 as diagnostic information. Maintenance personnel monitor the display and the diagnostic information sent to the maintenance server 25, and actually inspect the rolling bearing 1 judged to be abnormal or requiring inspection.

In the above, the ratio of contact time to total time was used as the evaluation criterion, but the above-mentioned contact ratio may also be used.

(2) Use of Actual Inspection Results After a certain period of operation, the results of actual inspection of the rolling bearings 1 from the above-mentioned diagnostic information or the results of actual inspection of the rolling bearings 1 through regular inspections (including inspections based on mileage) can be compiled to collect information on the rolling bearings 1 that actually required replacement or treatment, and the measurement information of the bearings 1 can be analyzed to determine a judgment criterion.

The analysis unit 26 identifies the measurement information of rolling bearings 1 that actually required replacement or treatment as a result of actual inspection from the measurement information stored in the maintenance server 25 by inputting the identification information, and records that fact in the maintenance server 25. After a certain period of time has passed, the number of identified rolling bearings 1 increases. From the measurement information of the multiple identified rolling bearings 1, the analysis unit 26 obtains the rolling bearing 1 with the smallest ratio of contact time or contact rate to the total time described above, and the ratio of contact time or contact rate to the total time. The analysis unit 26 uses the thus obtained ratio of contact time or contact rate to the smallest total time or more as the judgment criterion for judging that a rolling bearing 1 is abnormal or requires inspection, stores this as judgment criterion information, and transmits it to the diagnosis unit 19 as described above.

(Machine Learning)
Furthermore, the operation information of each train set 23 together with the measurement information may be collected and stored by the maintenance server 25, and the analysis unit 26 may store this operation information, the ratio of contact time to total time or contact rate, and the results of actual inspections as learning data in the maintenance server 25, and use machine learning to create a learned model.

Here, when the integrated train management device 21 of each formation 23 transmits the measurement information of the rolling bearings 1, it may transmit, as operation information, both current and brake information representing the acceleration/deceleration of the formation 23 at each time to the maintenance server 25, and the maintenance server 25 may store the identification information, time, current, and information representing the acceleration/deceleration of these formations 23. The data collected in this way from multiple formations 23 can be used as the learning data.

The analysis unit 26 performs machine learning using the operation information, the ratio of contact time to total time or the contact rate, and the results of the actual inspection as learning data, to create learned data. The analysis unit 26 transmits the created learned model to the diagnosis unit 19 as described above. In this case, the illustrated model can be considered as judgment criteria information.

The diagnosis unit 19 applies the measurement information (including contact time or contact ratio) of each rolling bearing 1 measured by the measurement unit 16 and the information representing acceleration and deceleration from the train integrated management device 21 to the received trained model, and obtains a judgment result as to whether or not there is an abnormality or inspection is required. Furthermore, the diagnosis unit 19 sends the judgment result to the train integrated management device 21, and as in the other forms, the judgment result can be displayed or transmitted to the maintenance server 25 so that the operator or maintenance personnel can monitor it.

Taking the above as a higher-level concept, the train abnormality monitoring system 300 can be considered to include a proximity time measurement unit that measures the proximity time during which the gap between the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 of the rolling bearing 1 of the railway vehicle 20 and the cage 9 is below a predetermined threshold and outputs the proximity time ratio indicating the ratio of the proximity time, and a diagnosis unit that receives the proximity time ratio information and determines that an abnormality has occurred when the contact ratio exceeds the threshold. Here, the proximity time ratio is the ratio of the proximity time to the total measured time, or the ratio of the proximity time to the time of one relative rotation of the outer ring 4 and inner ring 7 of the rolling bearing 1.

The above concept was devised from the phenomenon in which the cage 9 swings due to a tangential force on the circumference at the position where the rolling element 8 leaves the load zone, as described in the above embodiment. By judging the state of the rolling bearing 1 using the proximity time ratio of the above-mentioned higher-level concept, it is even possible to judge the degree of wear of the cage 9.

In the contact between the detection member 15 provided on the outer ring 4 or the inner ring 7 and the cage 9 measured by the detection member 15 and the measurement unit 16, the detection member 15 protrudes from the inner circumferential surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer circumferential surface 5 of the inner ring 7 toward the cage 9, and this protrusion amount corresponds to the above-mentioned predetermined threshold value. Therefore, the ratio of contact time to the total measured time or the contact ratio measured by the detection member 15 and the measurement unit 16 is a concept included in the above-mentioned proximity time ratio. Therefore, the above-mentioned higher concept can be said to be a concept that includes any of the above-mentioned train abnormality monitoring systems 300.

It is also possible to measure the proximity time ratio by other means instead of the detection member 15 and the measurement unit 16. For example, a number of non-contact displacement gauges (e.g., laser displacement gauges, eddy current displacement gauges, etc.) that measure the distance between the inner surface 2 of the outer ring 4 or the outer surface 5 of the inner ring 7 and the outer periphery of the cage 9 can be provided in the circumferential direction, and the number of displacement gauges that are below a threshold among the distances measured by the multiple non-contact displacement gauges can be found, and this can be divided by the number of non-contact displacement gauges provided in the circumferential direction to easily find the contact ratio.

The train abnormality monitoring system expressed as a higher-level concept above can be realized by using the above-mentioned non-contact type displacement meter or the above-mentioned detection member 15. Specifically, in any of the examples (FIGS. 12-15) of this embodiment, it can be said that the system can be realized by providing a plurality of non-contact type displacement meters (e.g., laser displacement meters, eddy current displacement meters, etc.) in the circumferential direction instead of the detection member 15 and the measurement unit 16.
However, when applying this method, since non-contact displacement meters are non-contact, it is necessary to interpret contact as proximity and the contact time as the number of locations of the non-contact displacement meters that detected proximity.

The train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment uses the abnormality detection device 100 and abnormality diagnosis device 200 of the above-mentioned embodiments, and therefore in addition to these effects, it also has the following effects.

The train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment is provided in a railway vehicle 20 having a plurality of rolling bearings 1, and displays the presence of an abnormality in the rolling bearing 1 that the diagnosis unit 19 of the abnormality diagnosis device 200 judges to be abnormal on the train integrated management device 21 that monitors the operating state of rotating equipment, so that abnormalities in the retainers 9 of the plurality of bearings provided in the railway vehicle 20 can be monitored (FIG. 12). The abnormality detection device 100 of the abnormality diagnosis device 200 has a simple structure and is strong, so that it is suitable for a train abnormality monitoring system for railway vehicles that have a large number of rolling bearings 1 and are used for many years.

The train abnormality monitoring system 300 makes judgments based on the contact ratio, which is the ratio of the time that the detection member 15 and the retainer 9 are in contact with each other per one rotation of the relative rotation between the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 7, from the measurement information. Therefore, it is possible to grasp the degree of wear of the retainer 9 for each of the many rolling bearings 1 in the railway vehicle, so that the timing of maintenance, inspection and replacement can be determined and maintenance can be planned efficiently.

The train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment can collect measurement information collected by the abnormality detection device 100 of the rolling bearings 1 of multiple formations 30, or the results of the diagnosis unit 19 determining whether there is an abnormality or need for inspection, in the maintenance server 25 and perform searches, etc., so that maintenance personnel can understand the differences in detection sensitivity depending on the type of rolling bearing 1 and adjust the inspection timing, etc. (Figure 13).

The train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment is configured to directly connect the diagnostic unit 19 to the maintenance server 25 that receives measurement information collected by the abnormality detection device 100 of the rolling bearings 1 of multiple formations 30, or the results of the diagnostic unit 19 determining that there is an abnormality or that an inspection is required. Therefore, by consolidating the diagnostic unit on the ground rather than directly on the vehicle, it becomes easier to update the abnormality detection algorithm, etc. When changing the judgment criteria of the diagnostic unit 19 due to the shape of the detection member 15, etc., the change can be made all at once (Figure 13).

In the train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment, the analysis unit 26 is connected to the maintenance server 25 that receives measurement information collected by the abnormality detection device 100 of the rolling bearings 1 of multiple trains 30, or the results of the diagnosis unit 19 determining that an abnormality or inspection is required, so that the measurement information stored in the maintenance server 25 and the maintenance, inspection, and update information can be analyzed to update the judgment criteria, and the judgment criteria of the diagnosis unit 19 can be updated to improve the diagnosis accuracy (Figure 14). In particular, by collecting and analyzing the percentage of contact time or contact rate relative to the total measured time, the threshold value of the percentage of contact time or contact rate can be obtained from the actual measurement and inspection results and used as the judgment criteria of the diagnosis unit 19, thereby improving the diagnosis accuracy.

The train abnormality monitoring system 300 of this embodiment is equipped with a proximity time measurement unit that measures the proximity time during which the gap between the outer ring 4 or inner ring 7 of the rolling bearing 1 of the railway vehicle 20 and the retainer 9 is below a predetermined threshold and outputs it as a proximity time ratio indicating the proportion of the proximity time, and a diagnosis unit that receives the proximity time ratio information and determines that an abnormality has occurred when the contact ratio exceeds the threshold.As a result, even the degree of wear of the retainer 9 can be grasped for each of the many rolling bearings 1 of the railway vehicle, so the times for maintenance, inspection and replacement can be determined and maintenance planning can be carried out efficiently.

1. Rolling bearings (cylindrical roller bearings)
2 Inner peripheral surface of outer ring 4 Outer ring 5 Outer peripheral surface of inner ring 7 Inner ring 8 Rolling element 9 Cage 9a Cage outer peripheral surface 10 Ring portion 11 Column portion
12 Pocket portion 15 Detection member 15a Abnormality detection contact portion 15b Bottom surface of abnormality detection contact portion 16 Measurement portion 17 Electric wire 18 Transmission portion?
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 19 Diagnosis unit 20 Railway vehicle 21 Train integrated management device 22 Driver's cab 23 Train configuration 31 Memory unit 32 Interface unit 100 Rolling bearing abnormality detection device 200 Rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device 300 Train abnormality monitoring system

Claims (13)

A rolling bearing abnormality detection device for detecting an abnormality in a rolling bearing comprising an outer ring, an inner ring provided inside the outer ring, a plurality of rolling elements provided to be able to roll between the outer ring and the inner ring, and a cage that holds the plurality of rolling elements while maintaining a distance between the rolling elements and adjacent rolling elements,
a first-side detection member on one side in the rotational axis direction of the rolling bearing along an inner circumferential surface of the outer ring or an outer circumferential surface of the inner ring, and a second-side detection member on the other side in the rotational axis direction of the rolling bearing electrically insulated from the first-side detection member ;
a measurement unit that outputs measurement information obtained by measuring an electrical characteristic between the first-side detection member and the second-side detection member,
The first and second side detection members are an abnormality detection device for a rolling bearing that comes into contact with the retainer when the retainer becomes worn. 2. The rolling bearing abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the detection members on the first side and the second side are arranged in a range of 180 degrees or more and less than 360 degrees in the direction in which the rolling element rotates, with the direction in which the rolling element is subjected to the greatest force being defined as 0 degrees around the center of rotation of the rolling bearing. 2. The rolling bearing abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second detection members are arranged on the entire circumference of the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring or the entire circumference of the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring. The rolling bearing abnormality detection device according to claim 3, wherein the maximum radial thickness of the detection members on the first and second sides in a range from the reference direction to a direction rotated 180 degrees in the direction in which the rolling elements rotate, when the direction of the position where the greatest force is applied to the rolling elements around the center of rotation of the rolling bearing is taken as a reference direction, is greater than the maximum radial thickness of the detection members in a range from the reference direction to a direction rotated 180 degrees in the opposite direction to the direction in which the rolling elements rotate. The rolling bearing abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the first-side and second-side detection members have an adjustment part that adjusts the amount of protrusion toward the retainer. a storage unit that stores the measurement information measured by the measurement unit in association with time information at which the measurement information was measured;
6. The rolling bearing abnormality detection device according to claim 1, further comprising an external interface unit that outputs the measurement information and the time information stored in the memory unit in response to an external command. 7. The rolling bearing abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the measurement unit determines a contact ratio, which is the ratio of the time that the first and second side detection members are in contact with the cage per one rotation of the relative rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring, and outputs the contact ratio as the measurement information. The rolling bearing abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
a diagnosis unit that receives the measurement information and determines the condition of the rolling bearing from the measurement information. 9. The rolling bearing abnormality diagnosis device according to claim 8, wherein the diagnosis unit makes a judgment based on a contact ratio, which is the ratio of the time that the first and second side detection members are in contact with the cage per time that the relative rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring takes place once, from the output from the measurement unit. The rolling bearing abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
a diagnosis unit that receives the measurement information and determines a condition of the rolling bearing from the measurement information;
a train integrated management device that is installed in a railway vehicle having a plurality of the rolling bearings and that includes a function of monitoring an operating state of rotating equipment,
The train integrated management device is a train abnormality monitoring system that displays on a display in the driver's cab of the railway vehicle that there is an abnormality in the rolling bearing when the diagnostic unit determines that there is an abnormality. The train abnormality monitoring system described in claim 10, wherein the diagnosis unit makes a judgment based on a contact ratio, which is the ratio of the time that the first side and second side detection members are in contact with the retainer per time that the relative rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring takes place once, from the output from the measurement unit. a maintenance server connected to the train integrated management device via a network and storing maintenance information including the measurement information of the rolling bearings of the railway vehicles of a plurality of configurations having the train integrated management device;
The train abnormality monitoring system according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the train integrated management device transmits the measurement information output from the measurement unit to the maintenance server via the network. the maintenance server includes an input unit for inputting the maintenance information corresponding to identification information of the rolling bearing requiring maintenance,
the maintenance server determines a threshold value for determining that the measurement information is abnormal from the stored measurement information, the identification information, and the maintenance information, and transmits the threshold value to the diagnosis unit;
The train abnormality monitoring system according to claim 12 , wherein the diagnosing unit determines whether or not there is an abnormality based on the transmitted threshold value.

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