TW202239050A - 具散熱匣體之電池模組及其電池系統 - Google Patents

具散熱匣體之電池模組及其電池系統 Download PDF

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TW202239050A
TW202239050A TW110109698A TW110109698A TW202239050A TW 202239050 A TW202239050 A TW 202239050A TW 110109698 A TW110109698 A TW 110109698A TW 110109698 A TW110109698 A TW 110109698A TW 202239050 A TW202239050 A TW 202239050A
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battery
sheet
heat dissipation
battery module
layers
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楊思枬
吳孟鴻
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輝能科技股份有限公司
英屬開曼群島商輝能控股股份有限公司
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Priority to TW110109698A priority Critical patent/TWI790570B/zh
Priority to AU2022200955A priority patent/AU2022200955B2/en
Priority to US17/673,306 priority patent/US11757143B2/en
Priority to EP22157462.7A priority patent/EP4060792A1/en
Priority to KR1020220026205A priority patent/KR20220131492A/ko
Priority to JP2022033411A priority patent/JP7398489B2/ja
Publication of TW202239050A publication Critical patent/TW202239050A/zh
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Abstract

本發明提供一種具散熱匣體之電池模組及其電池系統，其係利用散熱匣體設置於單一軸向堆疊之電池單元之間，散熱匣體利用片狀承載部與電池單元之片狀集電層以大面積直接接觸的方式，配合片狀承載部兩側延伸之翼部來與金屬殼之內側壁面直接接觸，以提供電池芯大面積的散熱路徑，大幅提高電池芯的效能與穩定性。

Description

具散熱匣體之電池模組及其電池系統
本發明係關於一種電池芯，尤指一種於單一軸向堆疊之電池單元間增設有散熱匣體之電池模組及其電池系統。
近年來隨著各種便攜式電子產品/電動汽車/儲能電站等領域的快速發展，延伸出對能量儲存密度較高與兼具環境保護之儲能裝置的高度要求，而離子二次電池成為首選，進而發展出如鋰離子二次電池、鎂離子二次電池、鈉離子二次電池等各種二次電池。實務上，最常見者為將電池單元採用並聯的方式來構成電池芯，以達到足夠的容量來應用於各種裝置。
現有電池芯的散熱方式，係於電池芯下方採用額外設置導熱用金屬板/塊、或使用內部可流通過液體或氣體金屬流道，以去除電池芯在充放電期間產生的熱量。然而，在結構中設置金屬板或金屬流道必須於電池芯外部另行接合將熱導出的部件(如連接管、冷卻板/管等)，此將會使整體電池之機構增加，且所增加之部件的接合處(譬如焊接點等)可能降低電池芯的冷卻效果，並且使電池組裝上工序繁複。
此外，傳統上電池模組的散熱方式是採用在電池模組外加一冷卻系統或冷卻板，如此一來，電池模組的整體體積將會增加，且難以均 勻冷卻電池模組，相同地，電池組裝之工序也會變得更加繁複。
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種具散熱匣體之電池模組及其電池系統，利用散熱匣體以大面積直接接觸的方式來直接接觸於電池單元之片狀集電層，以提供電池芯大面積的散熱路徑。
本發明之另一目的在於提供一種具散熱匣體之電池模組及其電池系統，相鄰兩個電池模組之接合部以上下錯位方式堆疊，藉此降低電池系統之整體體積。
本發明提出一種具散熱匣體之電池模組，其係包含有電池芯、金屬殼以及至少一個散熱匣體所構成，電池芯由複數個電池單元單一軸向堆疊而成，每一個電池單元係為完整且獨立的模組，其包含有兩片狀集電層、以及設置於其中的電化學系統；散熱匣體具有片狀承載部以及由片狀承載部邊緣延伸之至少一個翼部，片狀承載部設置於任二個電池單元之間，並直接接觸設置於此二電池單元具相同極性之片狀集電層，且翼部接觸於金屬殼之內側壁面，以提供電池芯大面積的散熱路徑，大幅提高電池芯的效能與穩定性。
另一方面，本發明提出一種電池系統，其係藉由複數個前述具散熱匣體之電池模組所構成，其中金屬殼之上蓋與下蓋形成向外突出之接合部，且相鄰之電池模組的接合部係相互錯位設置，藉此降低電池系統之整體體積；接合部形成的間隙處可設置為熱流道，使得電池系統無須額外設置散熱系統，進一步更減少電池結構整體體積。
底下藉由具體實施例詳加說明，當更容易瞭解本發明之目的、技術內容、特點及其所達成之功效。
1:電池模組
11:電池芯
20:電池單元
201:電化學系統
21:隔離層
22、23:活性材料層
24、25:片狀集電層
26:框膠
261:改質矽膠層
262:改質矽膠層
263:矽膠層
30:金屬殼
301:接合部
31:上蓋
32:下蓋
33:絕緣片
40:散熱匣體
401:絕緣層
41:片狀承載部
42:翼部
51:連接端子
71:熱流道
第1A、1B圖係為本發明具散熱匣體之電池模組的示意圖。
第2A圖係為本發明具散熱匣體之電池模組之電池單元的示意圖。
第2B圖係為本發明具散熱匣體之電池模組之電池單元的另一實施例示意圖。
第2C圖係為本發明具散熱匣體之電池模組之電池單元的分解示意圖。
第3A、3B圖係為本發明散熱匣體的示意圖。
第4A、4B圖係為本發明具散熱匣體之電池模組的另一實施例示意圖。
第5A、5B圖係為本發明具散熱匣體之電池模組的另一實施例示意圖。
第6A、6B圖係為本發明具散熱匣體之電池模組的另一實施例示意圖。
第7圖係為本發明具散熱匣體之電池模組應用之電池系統的示意圖。
為了讓本發明的優點，精神與特徵可以更容易明確的了解，後續將以實施例並參照所述圖式進行詳述與討論。需聲明的是該些實施例僅為本發明代表性的實施例，並不以此侷限本發明之實施態樣與請求範疇僅能侷限於該些實施例態樣。提供該些實施例的目的僅是讓本發明的公開內容更加透徹與易於了解。
在本發明公開的各種實施例中使用的術語僅用於描述特定實施例的目的，並非在限制本發明所公開的各種實施例。除非有清楚的另外指示，所使用的單數形式係也包含複數形式。除非另有限定，否則在本說明書中使用的所有術語(包含技術術語和科學術語)具有與本發明公開的各種實施例所屬領域普通技術人員通常理解的涵義相同的涵義。上述術語(諸如在一般使用辭典中限定的術語)將被解釋為具有與在相同技術領域中的語境涵義相同的涵義，並且將不被解釋為具有理想化的涵義或過於正式的涵義，除非在本發明公開的各種實施例中被清楚地限定。
在本說明書的描述中，參考術語”一實施例”、”一具體實施例”等地描述意指結合該實施例描述地具體特徵、結構、材料或者特點包含於本發明的至少一個實施例中。在本說明書中，對上述術語的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的實施例。而且，描述的具體特徵、結構、材料或者特點可以在任何一個或多個實施例中以合適的方式結合。
在本發明的描述中，除非另有規定或限定，需要說明的是術語”耦接”、”連接”、”設置”應做廣義的理解，例如，可以是機械連接或電性連接，亦可以是兩個元件內部的連通，可以是直接相連，亦可以通過中間媒介間相連，對於本領域通常知識者而言，可以根據具體情況理解上述術語的具體涵義。
請參閱第1A、1B圖，本發明所揭露之具散熱匣體之電池模組1，其係包含有電池芯11、金屬殼30以及至少一個散熱匣體40所構成，電池芯11係藉由複數個電池單元20以單一軸向堆疊而成，如圖中所繪示為垂直(Z軸)之堆疊，其電性連接方式可為串聯、並聯或是串聯並聯混合型態， 且每一個電池單元20係為完整且獨立的模組，以下詳述之。
請參閱第2A、2C圖，本發明係採用完整且獨立的電池單元20來構成電池芯11，電池單元20包含有兩片狀集電層24、25、電化學系統201與框膠26，電化學系統201包含有隔離層21、兩活性材料層22、23、以及含浸/混煉於活性材料層22、23的電解質系統，隔離層21的材料係可選自於高分子材料、陶瓷材料或玻璃纖維材料，或者是塗覆有陶瓷粉體的高分子材料或玻璃纖維材料，隔離層21具有微孔洞可供離子通過，微孔洞可為貫通孔或是蟻孔(非直線貫通的態樣)的型態，甚至是直接採用多孔性材料來達成，其中陶瓷粉體選自於絕緣材料時，可以是微米級與奈米級或者微米級與奈米級混合的二氧化鈦(TiO2)、三氧化二鋁(Al2O3)、二氧化矽(SiO2)等材質或是烷基化的陶瓷顆粒所形成。陶瓷材料也可以選自氧化物固態電解質，例如鋰鑭鋯氧(lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide；Li7La3Zr2O12；LLZO)或者磷酸鈦鋁鋰(LATP)等。此外，陶瓷材料也可以是上述絕緣陶瓷材料與氧化物固態電解質所混合而成。當使用陶瓷粉體堆疊組構成上述的隔離層時更可以包含高分子黏著劑，例如聚二氟乙烯(Polyvinylidene fluoride；PVDF)、聚偏二氟乙烯-共-三氯乙烯(PVDF-HFP)、聚四氟乙烯(Polytetrafluoroethene；PTFE)、壓克力酸膠(Acrylic Acid Glue)、環氧樹脂(Epoxy)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)或聚亞醯胺(PI)等。
電解質系統含浸或混煉於活性材料層22、23中，其可為液態、膠態、固態電解液、或是其任意組合之混合電解液；活性材料層22、23與藉由中間的隔離層21予以隔離並構成電化學系統201，藉由其活性材料成份 可將化學能轉成電能使用(供電)或將電能轉換成化學能儲存於系統之中(充電)，而能同時達成離子的導通與遷移，而所產生的電子則可直接由片狀集電層24、25向外導出。而片狀集電層24、25之材料常見者為銅以及鋁，當然亦可是其他鎳、錫、銀、金等金屬或金屬合金。
同時，片狀集電層24、25係配合周緣之框膠26而作為電池單元20的封裝組件；框膠26是聚合物材料，只要能夠黏固到片狀集電層24、25的表面上並且對電解質系統是耐用的即可，並沒有特別的限制，熱固性樹脂是優選。舉例來說，膠框26之材質可為環氧樹脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯、熱塑性聚亞胺、矽氧樹脂、壓克力樹脂、矽膠或紫外線硬化膠，其係設置於兩片狀集電層24、25之周緣，並圈繞封圍於電化學系統201(活性材料層22、23與中間的隔離層21)，同時用以黏著兩片狀集電層24、25並將電解質系統封裝於兩集電層24、25之間而不會外漏、且不與其他電池單元20之電解質系統相互流通；因此，電池單元20是直接採用集電層24、25與框膠26作為封裝結構所形成之獨立且完整供電的模組。
而為了使框膠26之封裝效果更佳，當採用為矽膠材質時，可設計框膠26具有三層之結構，請參閱第2B圖，上下兩層為改質矽膠層261、262而中間為矽膠層263，兩側的改質矽膠層261、262為矽膠藉由調整加成型矽膠與縮合型矽膠之組成比例、或是添加添加物來予以改質，使其適合黏接異質性的材料(也就是片狀集電層24、25與中間的矽膠層263)，藉此設計則可使其介面間的接著力提高，同時，使得整體外觀的完整性更高，生產良率亦提高。
接續回到第1A、1B圖，金屬殼30包含有上蓋31與下蓋32， 上蓋31與下蓋32間具有一個絕緣片33使其電性絕緣，絕緣片33可為O型環或墊片等絕緣材所構成，藉以將電池芯11封裝於其內，且上蓋31與下蓋32各與電池芯11的相異極性端電性連接，以分別形成一正極端與一負極端；如圖中所繪示，上蓋31上方形成正極端、下蓋32之下方形成負極端。散熱匣體40插設於任兩電池單元20之間，來提供大面積的散熱途徑，請參閱第3A圖，散熱匣體40係具有片狀承載部41以及由片狀承載部41邊緣延伸之至少一個翼部42，就此一圖式上來說，片狀承載部41相對的兩側具有翼部42，當然，如第3B圖所示，亦可為四個側邊都具有翼部42，翼部42的數量與形狀僅為示意，並非用以限定僅能採用此些數量或是形狀。
接續同時參照第1A與3A圖，散熱匣體40為高導熱之金屬材質所構成，片狀承載部41的面積略大於電池單元20之片狀集電層24、25，因此可將電池單元20承托於片狀承載部41之上，並且與片狀集電層24、25呈現大面積的直接接觸；而散熱匣體40邊緣的翼部42則向垂直方向延伸(就圖上來說為向上延伸)，並且與金屬殼30(如圖中繪示為上蓋31)的內側壁面直接接觸，因此，可以將電池芯在充放電期間產生的熱量予以導引散熱。
再者，就第1A圖所繪示，因電池芯11是採用電池單元20以垂直方向進行堆疊，因此散熱匣體40之片狀承載部41的上下兩側都會與電池單元20接觸到，且因為散熱匣體40也是導電材料，因此，兩側所接觸之電池單元20係為具相同極性之片狀集電層24、25。再者，為了避免翼部42內部與電池單元20的側面接觸而短路，因此於翼部42內側可設置有絕緣層401來予以隔絕。
就第1A圖的實施態樣而言，散熱匣體40係設置於正極，也就是位於接觸上蓋31的內側壁面之位置，除了散熱匣體40上下兩側為以相同極性接觸外，其餘電池單元20依序正反直接接觸進行堆疊，再配合複數個連接端子51，將相同極性的片狀集電層24、25分別進行導通而形成並聯型態的設置；另一方面，請參閱第1B圖，也可以將散熱匣體40係設置於負極，其餘配置則維持相同，在此不重複贅述。
當然，除了單一個散熱匣體40外，也可以於單一極(上蓋31或下蓋32)上設置有兩個散熱匣體40，請參閱第4A、4B圖，分別於正極(上蓋31)與負極(下蓋32)設置有兩個散熱匣體40，而位於同一極性的兩組並聯之電池單元20，利用散熱匣體40至少一側壁為鏤空的型態，而可藉由連接端子51予以連接，構成並聯型態，譬如請參閱第3A圖，可利用散熱匣體40之右上或是左下的側面來進行導通，再者，如果為第3B圖的型態，也可以於翼部42的部份開設有供連接端子51穿過的槽；相同地，就散熱匣體40設置的數量與位置來說，可依照實際使用需求來變化。
同樣的，除了前述採用相同方向堆疊之外，也可以採用為串聯與並聯混合的型態，請參閱第5A圖，可於電池單元20堆疊時採用串聯與並聯混合的型態，以三個電池單元20為一個群組都具有一個散熱匣體40，藉由依序正反堆疊並配合連接端子51的設置來構成內部並聯，接續再藉由三個電池單元群組予以同向堆疊，來構成外部串聯的型態，在此需特別說明，此部份所指稱的外部與內部的連接，係以三個電池單元20所構成的電池單元群組來說，為群組內部與外部之並聯與串聯，並非指電池芯1(或金屬殼30)之內外而言；再者最底下的電池單元群組來說，因為邊緣所連接 的部份為負極(下蓋32)，因此散熱匣體40所設置位置與另外兩組略有不同；再者，請參閱第5B圖，則為四組電池單元群組的狀態，正極(上蓋31)與負極(下蓋32)的部份都設置有兩個散熱匣體40，其連接方式與前述第5A圖相同，僅為再延伸出一組電池單元群組，其餘連接方式均相同，在此不重述贅述。
另一方面，請參閱第6A、6B圖，也可將三個電池單元20為一個群組先進行串聯，也就是此三個電池單元20以同方向進行堆疊，之後再以此三個電池單元20為一個群組，進行反向堆疊，配合連接端子51來進行群組間的並聯。另外，需特別說明，電池芯11之電池單元20堆疊的型態為單一軸向，其堆疊方式並不僅侷限於前述圖式與說明。
請參閱第7圖，為本發明利用複數個前述電池模組1來構成電池系統，其中金屬殼30之上蓋31與下蓋31間利用絕緣片33使其電性絕緣，並且會形成向外突出之接合部301，利用相鄰之電池模組1的接合部301係相互錯位設置，藉此降低電池系統之整體體積，並且提高整體電池系統的單位容電容量密度；除了前述所描述電池模組1內部利用散熱匣體40來提供電池芯11大面積的散熱路徑，電池模組1外部可利用接合部301所形成的間隙處來設置為熱流道71，使得電池系統無須額外設置散熱系統，進一步更減少電池結構整體體積；相同地，圖中僅繪示兩個電池模組1，實際使用時可依照需求予以形成更多的水平排列架構。
綜上所述，本發明提出一種具散熱匣體之電池模組及其電池系統，利用散熱匣體以大面積直接接觸的方式來直接接觸於電池單元之片狀集電層，以提供電池芯大面積的散熱路徑，能有效將電池芯作用所產生 的熱導出，維持電池芯的最佳效能；且所構成之電池系統中，相鄰兩個電池模組之接合部以上下錯位方式配置，藉此降低電池系統之整體體積，且接合部形成的間隙處可設置為熱流道，使得電池系統無須額外設置散熱系統，進一步更減少電池結構整體體積。
唯以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，並非用來限定本發明實施之範圍。故即凡依本發明申請範圍所述之特徵及精神所為之均等變化或修飾，均應包括於本發明之申請專利範圍內。
1:電池模組
11:電池芯
20:電池單元
30:金屬殼
31:上蓋
32:下蓋
33:絕緣片
40:散熱匣體
401:絕緣層

Claims (9)

  1. 一種具散熱匣體之電池模組，係包含有：
    一電池芯，係藉由複數個電池單元以單一軸向堆疊而成，每一該電池單元包含有：
    兩片狀集電層，係相互平行設置，該兩片狀集電層做為該電池單元的封裝組件；以及
    一電化學系統，係設置於該兩片狀集電層之間，該電化學系統包含有一電解質系統，其中該些電池單元的該電解質系統不會相互接觸；
    一金屬殼，其包含有一上蓋與一下蓋，該上蓋與該下蓋間電性絕緣，該金屬殼將該電池芯封裝於其內，且該上蓋與該下蓋各與該電池芯的相異極性端電性連接，以分別形成一正極端與一負極端；以及
    至少一散熱匣體，係具有一片狀承載部以及由該片狀承載部邊緣延伸之至少一翼部，該片狀承載部設置於其中二該電池單元之間，並接觸設置於該二電池單元具相同極性之該些片狀集電層，且該些翼部接觸於該金屬殼之內側壁面。
  2. 如請求項1所述之具散熱匣體之電池模組，其中該散熱匣體之該翼部內側係設置有一絕緣層，防止該翼部與該電池單元側面接觸。
  3. 如請求項1所述之具散熱匣體之電池模組，其中該金屬殼 之該上蓋與該下蓋之間更包含有一絕緣片，防止該上蓋與該下蓋電性連接。
  4. 如請求項1所述之具散熱匣體之電池模組，其中該散熱匣體之該片狀承載部係略大於該些電池單元的該些片狀集電層。
  5. 如請求項1所述之具散熱匣體之電池模組，其中該電解質系統係為膠態、液態、固態電解液或其組合。
  6. 如請求項1所述之具散熱匣體之電池模組，其中該些電化學系統之該電解質系統係相互不流通，且相鄰之該些電化學系統僅具有電荷轉移而無進行電化學反應。
  7. 如請求項1所述之具散熱匣體之電池模組，其中該電化學系統包含有：
    兩活性材料層，分別設置並接觸於該兩片狀集電層；以及
    一隔離層，設置於該兩活性材料層之間；
    一框膠，係設置於該兩片狀集電層之間且圈繞於該電化學系統周圍。
  8. 如請求項7所述之具散熱匣體之電池模組，其中該框膠係包含有一矽膠層以及該矽膠層兩側之二改質矽膠層。
  9. 一種電池系統，係包含複數個如請求項1之電池模組所構成，其中該金屬殼之該上蓋與該下蓋形成一向外突出之接合部，且相鄰之該些電池模組之該接合部係相互錯位設置。
TW110109698A 2021-03-18 2021-03-18 具散熱匣體之電池模組及其電池系統 TWI790570B (zh)

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