TW202227203A - Mold component for processing amorphous alloy plate and method for processing amorphous alloy plate - Google Patents
Mold component for processing amorphous alloy plate and method for processing amorphous alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
- B21D28/14—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/26—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in sheets or flat parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/34—Perforating tools; Die holders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
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Abstract
Description
本發明係涉及一種非晶質合金板材之加工用模具零件及非晶質合金板材的加工方法。The present invention relates to a mold part for processing an amorphous alloy plate and a method for processing the amorphous alloy plate.
用作電動汽車或混合動力汽車的馬達的旋轉電機,為了確保輸出力,故要求降低因高速旋轉而產生的交變磁通的高頻損失,並且以高效率地運轉。迄今為止,旋轉電機的高效率已經藉由使用逆變器(Inverter)、應用稀土磁鐵、優化結構設計等方式來進行,但為了進一步提高效率,需要降低用於磁極的疊片鐵芯的鐵損。因此,要取代傳統用於疊片鐵芯的矽鋼板,非晶質合金、微細的bcc結構的Fe晶相、含有FeSi晶相和非晶相的奈米結晶軟性磁合金等低損耗之磁性材料的應用需求日益增加。In order to ensure the output force of a rotating electric machine used as a motor of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, it is required to reduce the high-frequency loss of the alternating magnetic flux generated by high-speed rotation and to operate with high efficiency. Up to now, high efficiency of rotating electrical machines has been achieved by using inverters, applying rare earth magnets, optimizing structural design, etc. However, in order to further improve efficiency, it is necessary to reduce the iron loss of the laminated core used for the magnetic poles . Therefore, to replace the traditional silicon steel plate used for laminated iron core, low-loss magnetic materials such as amorphous alloy, Fe crystal phase with fine bcc structure, nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy containing FeSi crystal phase and amorphous phase, etc. application requirements are increasing.
作為非晶質合金,例如已知有Fe-Si-B類之軟磁性合金,利用單輥液體淬火法( single roller liquid quenching technique)等方法對調整為既定成分的熔融金屬進行超淬火,製成非晶質薄帶。METGLAS, Inc. 的Metglas(註冊商標) 2605HB1M、2605SA1 或Fe-Si-B-Cr 類之 2605SA3 市面上可購得。As an amorphous alloy, for example, a soft magnetic alloy such as Fe-Si-B is known, and a molten metal adjusted to a predetermined composition is super-quenched by a single roller liquid quenching technique, etc. Amorphous ribbon. Metglas (registered trademark) 2605HB1M, 2605SA1 or 2605SA3 such as Fe-Si-B-Cr from METGLAS, Inc. are commercially available.
此外,奈米結晶軟磁合金係對以與非晶質合金相同的方式獲得的非晶質薄帶進行熱處理,以析出(奈米晶化)Fe晶相或FeSi晶相而獲得的。例如,已知有Fe-Si-B-Cu-Nb類的日本日立金屬股份有限公司的Finemet(註冊商標)FT-3M、VACUUMSCHMELZE GmbH & Co. 的KG之VITOPERM(註冊商標)800、Fe-B-Zr-Cu 類的 MAGNETEC Gesellschaft fur Magnettechnologie mbH 的 NANOPERM(註冊商標)。In addition, the nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy is obtained by subjecting an amorphous ribbon obtained in the same manner as the amorphous alloy to a heat treatment to precipitate (nanocrystallize) an Fe crystal phase or a FeSi crystal phase. For example, Fe-Si-B-Cu-Nb-based Finemet (registered trademark) FT-3M of Japan Hitachi Metals Co., Ltd., VITOPERM (registered trademark) 800 of KG of VACUUMSCHMELZE GmbH & Co., and Fe-B -NANOPERM (registered trademark) of MAGNETEC Gesellschaft fur Magnettechnologie mbH of Zr-Cu type.
那些通常都有幾十到幾十微米厚,並以長條狀薄帶供應,也稱為條狀、帶狀、薄膜或箔狀。在下面的說明中,除了這些單層薄帶之外,還有複數個薄帶堆疊一起的多層產品、包含有粘著劑層的複合產品、以及將電磁鋼板等其他材料疊加而成的多層產品統稱為非晶質合金板材。Those are usually tens to tens of microns thick and are supplied in long thin strips, also known as strips, ribbons, films or foils. In the following description, in addition to these single-layer thin strips, there are also multi-layer products in which a plurality of thin strips are stacked together, composite products including adhesive layers, and multi-layer products formed by superimposing other materials such as electromagnetic steel sheets. Collectively referred to as amorphous alloy sheets.
非晶質合金通常係不會發生應變硬化(Strain Hardening)的理想的彈塑性材料,且具有較大的塑性變形能力和韌性,但眾所周知,在拉伸試驗等單軸應力條件下,以外觀上不容易發生伸長。具有此種特性的非晶質合金板材之缺點係非常堅硬,且加工性不如結晶質矽鋼板,此乃阻礙到需要將板材加工成既定形狀的疊片鐵芯的應用的進展的因素。Amorphous alloys are usually ideal elastic-plastic materials that do not undergo strain hardening, and have large plastic deformation capacity and toughness. Elongation does not easily occur. Disadvantages of amorphous alloy sheets having such properties are that they are very hard and not as good in workability as crystalline silicon steel sheets, which are factors hindering the progress of application of laminated cores that require processing of sheets into predetermined shapes.
在如此之背景下,已經研究了用於從非晶質合金板材獲得具有既定形狀的薄板或鐵芯的各種加工技術。其中之一為使用由沖頭和沖模所組成的模具零件且藉由沖壓(press)裝置進行沖裁(punching),但傳統的模具零件具有用於加工的切削刃容易出現磨損、崩刃等現象且切削刃要經常保養,模具零件要經常更換的問題,生產率低,大量生產中的應用沒有進展。Against such a background, various processing techniques for obtaining thin sheets or iron cores having a predetermined shape from an amorphous alloy sheet material have been studied. One of them is to use a die part composed of a punch and a die and punch it by a press device, but the traditional die part has the cutting edge used for machining and is prone to wear and chipping. Moreover, the cutting edge needs to be maintained frequently, the mold parts need to be replaced frequently, the productivity is low, and the application in mass production has not progressed.
一般認為模具零件切削刃磨損的主要原因係反覆撞擊或剪切工作引起的疲勞斷裂,以及與剪切後的板材摩擦引起的磨損。作為其對策,在切削刃上形成硬質皮膜,例如DLC(Diamond-like carbon )、AlCrN型、CrN型、TiN型等。日本專利特開第 2018-164936 號揭示了一種用於沖裁的模具零件,其在表面具有包還Al、Cr、N的硬質皮膜。It is generally believed that the main reasons for the wear of the cutting edge of die parts are fatigue fracture caused by repeated impact or shearing work, and wear caused by friction with the sheared plate. As a countermeasure, a hard coating, such as DLC (Diamond-like carbon), AlCrN type, CrN type, TiN type, etc., is formed on the cutting edge. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2018-164936 discloses a die part used for punching, which has a hard film coated with Al, Cr, and N on the surface.
然而,上述文獻中的模具零件雖然適用於電磁軟鐵的沖裁加工,但在非晶質合金板材沖裁加工時,在切削刃的磨損方面還有改進的餘地。相同地,對於在上述其他形成硬質皮膜的模具部件也同樣需要改進。However, although the mold parts in the above-mentioned documents are suitable for the punching of electromagnetic soft iron, there is still room for improvement in the wear of the cutting edge when the amorphous alloy sheet is punched. Similarly, improvements are also required for the mold parts for forming the other hard films described above.
故,本發明較佳為提供一種於非晶質合金板材進行剪切加工或斷裂加工中,改善切削刃的磨損並延長使用壽命的模具零件。此外,較佳為提供一種改善模具零件的切削刃的磨損並延長壽命的非晶質合金板材的加工方法。Therefore, the present invention preferably provides a mold part which can improve the wear of the cutting edge and prolong the service life when the amorphous alloy sheet is sheared or fractured. In addition, it is preferable to provide a method of processing an amorphous alloy sheet material which improves wear of the cutting edge of a die part and prolongs the life.
本發明提供一進行剪切加工或斷裂加工非晶質合金板材之模具零件。該模具零件包括由金屬和硬質金屬化合物所製成的基材,以及形成在為了進行該些加工而使用之其表面的區域上的硬質皮膜 ,該硬質皮膜具有包含 Ti、Si、N 的第一硬質層。The present invention provides a mold part for shearing or fracturing an amorphous alloy plate. The mold part includes a base material made of metal and a hard metal compound, and a hard film formed on a region of the surface thereof used for the processing, the hard film having a first composition comprising Ti, Si, N hard layer.
於本發明中,該硬質皮膜為多層,並且較佳為在該第一硬質層與該基材之間具有包含Ti、Al、N的第二硬質層。 另外,於本發明中,該金屬化合物較佳為以平均粒徑為5μm以下的碳化鎢作為主要成分。 In the present invention, the hard coating is a multilayer, and preferably has a second hard layer including Ti, Al, and N between the first hard layer and the substrate. Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable that this metal compound contains tungsten carbide whose average particle diameter is 5 micrometers or less as a main component.
另外,於本發明中,該模具零件包含沖頭(punch)構件及具有供該沖頭構件插入的孔之沖模(die)構件,該硬質皮膜較佳為形成在該沖頭構件中供該沖模構件插入的部分。In addition, in the present invention, the die part includes a punch member and a die member having a hole into which the punch member is inserted, and the hard coating is preferably formed in the punch member for the punch member The part where the component is inserted.
另外,於本發明中,該沖頭構件的側面具有形成硬質皮膜的部分及未形成硬質皮膜的部分,至少在插入到該沖模構件的部分較佳為形成有硬質皮膜。Further, in the present invention, the side surface of the punch member has a portion where the hard coating is formed and a portion where the hard coating is not formed, and at least the portion inserted into the die member is preferably formed with a hard coating.
另外,於本發明中,較佳為在該沖頭構件與該非晶質合金板材接觸的表面上沒有形成該硬質皮膜。 另外,於本發明中,該硬質皮膜較佳為形成在該沖模構件中供該沖頭構件插入的孔的表面上。 In addition, in the present invention, it is preferable that the hard film is not formed on the surface of the punch member in contact with the amorphous alloy plate material. In addition, in the present invention, the hard coating is preferably formed on the surface of the hole in the die member into which the punch member is inserted.
另外,於本發明中,該沖模的孔表面較佳為具有未形成該硬質皮膜的部分。 另外,本發明提供非晶質合金板材的加工方法。該方法係使用包括沖頭構件和具有供該沖頭構件插入的孔的沖模構件之模具零件,並且使用該沖頭構件沖裁配置在該沖模構件的非晶質合金板材,其中該沖頭構件包含由金屬和硬質金屬化合物製成的基材,以及形成在該表面上的硬質皮膜,該硬質皮膜具有包含Ti、Si、N的第一硬質層,該硬質皮膜形成在該沖頭構件中供該沖模構件插入的部分。 In addition, in the present invention, it is preferable that the hole surface of the die has a portion where the hard coating is not formed. In addition, the present invention provides a method of processing an amorphous alloy sheet material. The method uses a die part including a punch member and a die member having a hole into which the punch member is inserted, and punches an amorphous alloy plate material arranged on the die member using the punch member, wherein the punch member Contains a base material made of metal and a hard metal compound, and a hard coating formed on the surface, the hard coating having a first hard layer containing Ti, Si, N, the hard coating formed in the punch member for supplying The part into which the die member is inserted.
於本發明中,該沖頭構件的側面具有形成硬質皮膜的部分和未形成硬質皮膜的部分,至少在插入到該沖模構件的部分形成有硬質皮膜。In the present invention, the side surface of the punch member has a portion where the hard coating is formed and a portion where the hard coating is not formed, and the hard coating is formed at least at the portion inserted into the die member.
另外,於本發明中,較佳為在該沖頭構件與該非晶質合金板材接觸的表面上沒有形成該硬質皮膜。 另外,於本發明中,較佳為,該沖模構件包含由金屬和硬質金屬化合物製成的基材,以及形成在其表面上的硬質皮膜,該硬質皮膜具有包含Ti、Si、N的第一硬質層,該硬質皮膜形成在該沖模構件中供該沖頭構件插入的孔的表面上。 In addition, in the present invention, it is preferable that the hard film is not formed on the surface of the punch member in contact with the amorphous alloy plate material. In addition, in the present invention, it is preferable that the die member includes a base material made of metal and a hard metal compound, and a hard film formed on the surface thereof, the hard film having a first material including Ti, Si, and N. A hard layer formed on the surface of the hole in the die member into which the punch member is inserted.
另外,於本發明中,該沖模構件的孔的表面較佳為具有未形成該硬質皮膜的部分。另外,於本發明中,該硬質皮膜為多層,並且在該第一硬質層和該基材之間具有包含Ti、Al、N的第二硬質層。Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the surface of the hole of the die member has a portion where the hard coating is not formed. Moreover, in this invention, this hard coating is a multilayer, and has a 2nd hard layer containing Ti, Al, and N between this 1st hard layer and this base material.
另外,於本發明中,該金屬化合物係以平均粒徑為5μm以下的碳化鎢作為主要成分。 [發明效果] In addition, in the present invention, the metal compound is mainly composed of tungsten carbide having an average particle diameter of 5 μm or less. [Inventive effect]
根據本發明,於進行剪切加工或斷裂加工非晶質合金板材中,可以提供一種改善切削刃的磨損並延長使用壽命的模具零件。此外,可以提供一種改善模具零件的切削刃的磨損並延長使用壽命的非晶質合金板材的加工方法。According to the present invention, in shearing or fracturing an amorphous alloy sheet, a die part can be provided which can improve the wear of the cutting edge and prolong the service life. In addition, it is possible to provide a method of processing an amorphous alloy sheet that improves wear of the cutting edge of the die part and prolongs the service life.
以下,將具體說明本發明的實施例,但本發明並非限於此。另外,在圖中的一部分或全部中,省略了不需要說明的部分,為了便於說明,顯示有放大或縮小圖示的部分。在本說明書中,以「~」表示的數值範圍係指包含「~」前後的數值作為下限值和上限值的範圍。Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, in some or all of the drawings, parts that do not need to be explained are omitted, and for convenience of explanation, parts shown in enlarged or reduced figures are shown. In this specification, the numerical range represented by "~" means the range which includes the numerical value before and after "~" as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
圖1及圖2所示為根據本發明之一實施例的模具零件的示意圖。圖1所示的模具零件1包括硬質皮膜21,該硬質皮膜21在矩形角柱狀的基材20的表面上具有包含Ti、Si、N的第一硬質層。硬質皮膜21形成在包含未繪示的整個底面及側面之表面上,在圖示的示例中,硬質皮膜21僅形成在基材20的下側,但只要至少形成在用於加工的區域內即可。當模具零件1用作例如用於沖裁的沖頭時,圖2所示的模具零件2可以用作一對沖模。在具有可插入該模具零件1(沖頭)的矩形孔(通孔)的基材20中,至少在該通孔上側的表面具有硬質皮膜21,該硬質皮膜21具有包含Ti、Si、N的第一硬質層。1 and 2 are schematic views of a mold part according to an embodiment of the present invention. The
在圖1所示的模具零件1(沖頭構件)中,在側面中,下側形成有硬質皮膜21,而在其上側沒有形成硬質皮膜21。下側中形成有硬質皮膜21的部分,包含將插入到圖2所示的模具零件2(沖模構件)的孔中的部分。如此,藉由僅在沖頭構件的一部分上形成有硬質皮膜21,能夠有效地減少用於形成硬質皮膜21的工時或原材料等。此外,這點對於模具零件2(沖模構件)也相同的。In the die part 1 (punch member) shown in FIG. 1 , the
在模具零件1、2上較佳為都設置具有包含Ti、Si、N的第一硬質層的硬質皮膜21,但亦可至少一方之模具零件具有硬質皮膜21,而另一個模具零件可以用上述之習知硬質皮膜形成。此外,模具零件包含利用組合分開的零件而構成的。Preferably, both of the
圖3為所示根據本發明之一實施例的模具零件的剖面示意圖。
硬質皮膜21以兩層結構設置在基材20上,且在硬質皮膜21的最外表面上具有包含Ti、Si、N的第一硬質層22。
3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a mold part according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The
根據本發明之第一硬質層至少包含Ti、Si、N,作為具有優異耐磨性和耐久性的硬質皮膜,保護基材20且抑制磨損來提高使用壽命。當第一硬質層22在導入有氮氣的腔體中,並利用Ti-Si靶的氣相沉積法形成時,硬度隨著Si含量的增加而增加。因此,當將x為僅考慮金屬元素時的原子比,以Tix Si1-x表示時,較佳為x<0.90。第一硬質層的結構較佳為平均粒徑為25nm以下的奈米結晶體。The first hard layer according to the present invention contains at least Ti, Si, and N, and serves as a hard coating having excellent wear resistance and durability, which protects the
此外,在基材20與第一硬質層22之間具有第二硬質層23。該第二硬質層23至少包含Ti、Al、N。第二硬質層23之作用係提高密著性和剝離強度的基礎。因此,較佳為設置第二硬質層23,但亦可不設置。第二硬質層23在將y為僅考慮金屬元素的情況下的原子比,以Ty Al1-y表示時,較佳為0.25<y<0.75,更佳為0.30<y<0.50。Furthermore, a second
此外,硬質皮膜21只要為在表面層上具有包含Ti、Si、N的第一硬質層的構造,還可以包含複數個硬質層,例如,可以形成以Ti、Si、N為主要成分的硬質層及以Ti、Al、N為主要成分的硬質層交替地形成並層疊為三層以上的硬質皮膜,亦可設置具有其他成分的硬質層。此外,形成用於暫時保護第一硬質層22的膜的情況也包含在本發明中。In addition, the
第一硬質層22和第二硬質層23可利用習知的成膜方法來形成。例如可使用電鍍,化學鍍等之液相法;真空蒸鍍(vacuum evaporation)、分子束磊晶 (Molecular Beam Epitaxy) 、濺鍍、離子鍍等物理氣相沉積法;化學氣相沉積方法,如熱CVD、光學CVD、等離子CVD等。此外,基材20可以在形成硬質皮膜21之前進行氮化處理或滲碳處理。可以根據非晶質合金板材的成分或厚度或者單層、多層、粘著層的有無來選擇成膜方法。The first
當硬質皮膜21為第一硬質層22的單層時,考慮到磨損餘量和剝離強度,膜厚較佳為在0.1~60μm的範圍內。硬質皮膜21的膜厚更佳為0.2~20μm,再更佳為0.5~10μm。但是,最佳膜厚可以根據非晶質合金板材的成分或厚度來選擇,並不限於該範圍內。When the
當硬質皮膜21為多層時,表面上的第一硬質層22的膜厚較佳為在0.1~30μm的範圍內。第二硬質層23的膜厚較佳為在0.1~30μm的範圍內。第一硬質層22的膜厚更佳為0.2~10μm,再更佳為0.5~5μm。第二硬質層23的膜厚更佳為0.2~10μm,再更佳為0.5~5μm。When the
基材20係由金屬和硬質金屬化合物製成的材料所構成。作為基材20,例如,在JISB4053 2013記載的材料分類中,可以使用分類為HW、HF、HT的材料。當使用歸類為HW或HF的材料時,例如,較佳以碳化鎢為主要成分的硬質相(hard phase)和以Co等鐵族金屬為主要成分的結合相( binder phase)。可以包含由選自周期表第4a、5a和6a族的過渡金屬元素中的至少一種和選自碳、氮、氧和硼中的至少一種組成的固溶體。當使用歸類為HT的物質時,例如可以使用由選自周期表第4a、5a和6a族的過渡金屬元素中的至少一種,和選自碳、氮、氧和硼中的至少一種元素組成的固溶相,和由一種以上鐵基金屬成分的結合相由,及由不可避免的雜質組成的物質 。此外,該金屬化合物包含以平均粒徑為5μm以下的碳化鎢作為主要成分,從而可以提高基材20的強度並且可進一步提高耐磨性。此外,金屬化合物的平均粒徑更佳為2μm以下。另外,為了抑制基材20的韌性降低引起的碎裂,金屬化合物的平均粒徑較佳為0.5μm以上,更佳為0.7μm以上。The
圖4所示為根據本發明的模具零件進行剪切加工或斷裂加工的非晶質合金板材的示例。非晶質合金板材11包含有至少一層非晶質合金薄板12。作為非晶質合金薄板12,例如可以使用Fe基非晶質合金、Co基非晶質合金、Ni基非晶質合金等。此外,這也包含作為奈米結晶軟磁合金的前體的非晶質合金。FIG. 4 shows an example of an amorphous alloy sheet to which a mold part according to the present invention is sheared or fractured. The
廣泛使用的非晶質合金薄板12通常具有每層數十μm的板厚。當非晶質合金板材11由一層非晶質合金薄板12構成時,供剪切加工或斷裂加工時的可操作性差。The widely used amorphous alloy
此外,還存在沖裁加工時的每一行程(沖裁數)的生產效率低、組合複數個模具零件時的沖模與沖頭間隙調整困難等缺點。因此,非晶質合金板材11可以係複數個非晶質合金薄板12的疊層。複數個非晶質合金薄板12可以為具有不同成分或不同板厚的非晶質合金的組合。此外,可以層疊由異材質製成的薄板13。作為由異材質製成的薄板13,例如,可以使用諸如電磁鋼板、電磁軟鐵、高導磁合金( permalloy)或波門杜爾鐵鈷合金(permendur)等軟磁性材料,但可以根據生產製程選擇最佳的材料,並且不限於此等示例。In addition, there are disadvantages such as low production efficiency per stroke (number of punches) during punching, and difficulty in adjusting the gap between the die and punch when combining multiple die parts. Therefore, the
非晶質合金板材11可以在複數個非晶質合金薄板12的每一層之間或由異材質製成的薄板13之間具有粘著層14。粘著層14的材料若為對於熱塑性塑料,例如可使用工程塑料如PPS(聚苯硫醚)、PC(聚碳酸酯)、PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)等,若為熱硬化性樹脂,則可使用環氧樹脂或不飽和聚酯,但不限於這些例子。此外,粘著層14在由模具零件加工時可能未硬化。The
圖5所示為使用模具零件1作為沖裁沖頭,且模具零件2作為沖裁沖模對非晶質合金板材11進行沖裁的示例。例如,在沖裁加工的情況下,剪切和斷裂通常會發生在加工剖面上。剪切或斷裂的形式將根據沖頭和沖模之間的間隙、切削刃的形狀、非晶質合金板材11的構造而有所不同,但它不僅可以應用於沖裁加工,還可以應用於至少發生剪切或斷裂之一方的一般加工。FIG. 5 shows an example in which the
本發明中,非晶質合金板材11較佳為1片的非晶質合金薄帶,或者2~6片非晶質合金薄板12疊層。In the present invention, the
此外,在本發明中,非晶質合金板材11的厚度較佳為10μm~200μm,更佳為14μm~150μm。Further, in the present invention, the thickness of the amorphous
此外,在本發明中,構成非晶質合金板材11的非晶質合金薄板12的厚度較佳為10~50μm,更佳為14~40μm。Further, in the present invention, the thickness of the amorphous alloy
此外,在本發明中,沖頭與沖模之間的間隙較佳為非晶質合金板材板厚的2%~10%。Furthermore, in the present invention, the gap between the punch and the die is preferably 2% to 10% of the thickness of the amorphous alloy plate.
[實施例]
作為非晶質合金板材,準備了Metglas(註冊商標)2605HB1M。非晶質合金板材為板厚25μm、寬度30mm的長條狀單層薄帶。使用沖裁模具(圖5中的模具零件1、模具零件2)對該非晶質合金板材進行剪切和斷裂,以製備具有圖6所示形狀的沖裁材料(非晶質合金板材之沖裁材料)。沖裁材料的尺寸為15mm×5mm的長方形,拐角R(曲率半徑R的倒角)為0.3mm。
[Example]
As an amorphous alloy sheet, Metglas (registered trademark) 2605HB1M was prepared. The amorphous alloy plate is a long, single-layer thin strip with a thickness of 25 μm and a width of 30 mm. The amorphous alloy sheet was sheared and fractured using a blanking die (die
根據本發明之沖裁模具零件的基材主要由碳化鎢為主要成分,沖頭使用平均粒徑為0.7μm的超細硬質合金,沖模使用平均粒徑為0.5μm和5.0μm的粗顆粒混合硬質合金。沖頭尺寸為5mm×15mm×44mm的長方體,沖模尺寸為75mm×40mm×8mm的長方體,設置5mm×15mm的矩形孔。高速工具鋼等主要用作根據本發明的沖裁模具的模具零件(沖頭或沖模)以外的零件。The base material of the blanking die part according to the present invention is mainly composed of tungsten carbide, the punch uses ultra-fine cemented carbide with an average particle size of 0.7 μm, and the punch uses coarse-grained mixed cemented carbide with an average particle size of 0.5 μm and 5.0 μm. alloy. The punch size is a cuboid of 5mm×15mm×44mm, the die size is a cuboid of 75mm×40mm×8mm, and a rectangular hole of 5mm×15mm is set. High-speed tool steel and the like are mainly used as parts other than die parts (punch or die) of the punching die according to the present invention.
硬質皮膜的硬層使用 OC Oerlikon Balzers AG 公司的 BALIQ(註冊商標) TISINOS 作為 TiSi 靶而在導入氮氣的腔室中成膜。在形成該硬質皮膜上形成硬質層的過程中,使用一種濺鍍HiPIMS(High Power Impact Magnetron Sputtering)。在該方法中,利用對靶材施加高輸出的脈衝電壓來產生高密度電漿,具有優異的附著力,且可獲得暨均勻又平滑的膜質。The hard layer of the hard coating was formed in a nitrogen gas-introduced chamber using BALIQ (registered trademark) TISINOS of OC Oerlikon Balzers AG as a TiSi target. In the process of forming the hard layer on the hard film, a sputtering HiPIMS (High Power Impact Magnetron Sputtering) is used. In this method, a high-output pulse voltage is applied to the target material to generate high-density plasma, which has excellent adhesion and can obtain a uniform and smooth film quality.
首先,在沖頭和沖模每一個的基材上成膜TiAlN作為中間層(相當於第二硬質層的例子),然後在最外表面成膜TiSiN(相當於第一硬質層的例子)。成膜部分係周長為5mm×15mm的端部且為沖裁形狀,從沖頭的切削刃24和沖模的切削刃25延伸約1cm的區域。應用於與沖頭滑動方向(對應於圖5中的上下方向)垂直的表面和與其平行的表面。成膜後,沖頭和沖模都在與滑動方向垂直的表面上進行拋光,僅留硬質皮膜中與沖頭滑動方向平行的表面(沖頭側面,沖模孔的表面)部分。亦可於與滑動方向垂直的表面不進行拋光而使用沖頭和沖模,但藉由對垂直於滑動方向的表面進行拋光,可以將切削刃製成鋒利的形狀。沖裁時,與非晶質合金板材接觸後的滑動長度距切削刃 105μm,非晶質合金板材在平行於沖頭滑動方向的表面上,不與未形成有硬質皮膜的部分接觸。First, TiAlN was formed as an intermediate layer (corresponding to the example of the second hard layer) on the base material of each punch and die, and then TiSiN was formed on the outermost surface (corresponding to the example of the first hard layer). The film-forming portion is an end portion with a circumference of 5 mm×15 mm, has a punched shape, and extends about 1 cm from the
此外,藉由使用沖頭和沖模重複沖裁,硬質皮膜將被會磨損。本發明的硬質皮膜比傳統的硬質皮膜具有更高的耐久性,但當重複沖裁次數增加時,本發明的硬質皮膜也會受到磨損。如果硬質皮膜的磨損程度變大,則無法發揮硬質皮膜的效果。當硬質皮膜的磨損程度變大時,藉由拋光(與沖頭或沖模滑動方向垂直的表面進行拋光)沖頭或沖模的切削刃即可將沖頭或沖模的切削刃改造成鋒利的形狀。結果,這允許重複使用沖頭或沖模。可以考慮該拋光操作的次數來確定成膜部分的寬度。成膜部分的寬度較佳為滑動長度的3倍以上的寬度。另外,寬度較佳為滑動長度的10倍以上。In addition, the hard film will be abraded by repeated punching with punches and dies. The hard film of the present invention has higher durability than the conventional hard film, but when the number of repeated punching increases, the hard film of the present invention is also subject to wear. When the degree of abrasion of the hard coating increases, the effect of the hard coating cannot be exhibited. When the degree of wear of the hard film becomes large, the cutting edge of the punch or die can be modified into a sharp shape by polishing (polishing the surface perpendicular to the sliding direction of the punch or die) of the cutting edge of the punch or die. As a result, this allows the punch or die to be reused. The width of the film-forming portion can be determined in consideration of the number of such polishing operations. The width of the film-forming portion is preferably three times or more the sliding length. In addition, the width is preferably 10 times or more the sliding length.
在沖頭和沖模上形成的硬質皮膜從基材到最外表面的總膜厚約為2μm,其內含係TiAlN的第二硬質層和TiSiN的第一硬質層各約1μm。 硬質皮膜的厚度係由利用光學顯微鏡獲得的照片來測量。此外,在具備硬質皮膜的情況下,以沖頭與沖模間的間隙為板材的板厚的10%,亦即2.5μm的方式組裝各部件。The total thickness of the hard coating formed on the punch and die from the base material to the outermost surface was about 2 μm, and each of the second hard layer of TiAlN and the first hard layer of TiSiN was about 1 μm. The thickness of the hard coating was measured from a photograph obtained with an optical microscope. In addition, when a hard coating is provided, each member is assembled so that the gap between the punch and the die is 10% of the plate thickness of the plate, that is, 2.5 μm.
第二硬質層的成分以原子比計為Ti0.20 Al0.25 N0.55,第一硬質層的成分以原子比計為Ti0.34 Si0.12 N0.54。此等組成係利用波長色散X射線分析(Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometry)的組成分析並去除不可避免的雜質而確定的。The composition of the second hard layer is Ti0.20 Al0.25 N0.55 in atomic ratio, and the composition of the first hard layer is Ti0.34 Si0.12 N0.54 in atomic ratio. These compositions are determined by composition analysis by wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and removal of inevitable impurities.
本實施例上所使用的沖壓機係由日本放電精密加工研究所股份有限公司製造的 MPS405UD。除了25μm的非晶質合金板材的厚度外,考慮到斷裂伸長率,在比沖頭前端與沖模上端的高度齊平的位置低80μm的位置設定下止點(bottom dead center)。 亦即,下止點係沖頭表面與非晶質合金板材接觸後滑動105μm的點。沖裁速度設為31mm/s。沖裁速度用採樣率為0.2ms的定序器讀取安裝在4軸伺服沖壓機上的線性標尺的值,以計算出沖頭與非晶質合金板相互接觸的位置處的速度。The punching machine used in this example is MPS405UD manufactured by Nippon Electric Discharge Precision Machining Research Institute Co., Ltd. In addition to the thickness of the amorphous alloy sheet of 25 μm, the bottom dead center was set at a position 80 μm lower than the position where the punch tip and the upper end of the die were flush with the height at break in consideration of the elongation at break. That is, the bottom dead center is the point where the punch surface slides by 105 μm after contacting the amorphous alloy plate material. The punching speed was set to 31 mm/s. Punching speed The value of a linear scale mounted on a 4-axis servo punch was read with a sequencer with a sampling rate of 0.2 ms to calculate the speed at the position where the punch and the amorphous alloy plate contact each other.
考慮到生產率,沖裁速度較佳為10mm/s以上,更佳為30mm/s以上。此外,沖裁速度較佳為800mm/s以下,更佳為600mm/s以下,以避免各零件因摩擦而突然發熱。In consideration of productivity, the punching speed is preferably 10 mm/s or more, more preferably 30 mm/s or more. In addition, the punching speed is preferably not more than 800 mm/s, more preferably not more than 600 mm/s, in order to avoid sudden heating of the parts due to friction.
作為評價沖裁材料形狀的方法,首先,使用日本Keyence製雷射顯微鏡VK-X1000對沖裁材料端部的14個點進行成像。對於成像點,在圖6所示的點110至123處進行定點觀察,並且將270μm×202μm的區域設置為每個點的成像範圍。鏡頭的放大倍數為50倍。從垂直於與沖頭接觸的沖裁材料表面的方向進行觀察。亦即,當從圖7所示的z軸的負方向朝正方向拍攝圖像時,在z軸的負方向上檢測出變形高度40。As a method of evaluating the shape of the punched material, first, 14 points of the edge of the punched material were imaged using a laser microscope VK-X1000 manufactured by Japan Keyence. For the imaging points, fixed point observation was performed at
圖8為觀察圖像的例子,其中以至少50%以上的成像範圍被用作沖裁材料11且可以對變形高度40進形成像的方式調整位置並進行觀察。在校正範圍130內獲得傾斜度,使得除了沖裁材料端部之外的平坦部分成為基準面,並且對整個圖像進行一次平面校正。對於校正後圖像,以大約60μm的間隔繪製與沖裁材料端部垂直相交的5條輪廓線131,並且從每條輪廓線獲得每條的變形高度40。亦即,對於一個成像點,可以獲得五個變形高度40的數據。該測量係對 14 個成像點進行,獲得 5×14 = 70 個輪廓。亦即,對於特定數量的沖裁材料可以獲得70個變形高度40的數據。獲得70個變形高度40的數據的平均值、最大值和最小值。對沖裁次數為每100,000的沖裁材料進行上述評價。8 is an example of an observation image in which at least 50% or more of the imaging range is used as the punching
至於沖裁材料的剖面,如圖7的示意圖所示,通常可以確認剪切下垂(shear-drooped)44、剪切面43、斷裂面42和毛刺41。在適當沖裁的情況下,通常可以觀察到包含剪切面43和斷裂面42兩種模式的剖面。隨著模具的磨損,剪切面會減少,斷裂面比例會增加,同時剪切下垂44和毛刺41的高度也會增加。As for the cross section of the punched material, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 7 , a shear-drooped 44 , a sheared
作為比較例1,準備具有AlCrSiN硬質皮膜的模具,對非晶質合金板材進行沖裁。在比較例1中,利用電弧離子鍍膜法(Arc Ion Plat-ing)來成膜。 基材、板材、沖裁速度等條件與實施例沒有變化。As Comparative Example 1, a mold having an AlCrSiN hard coating was prepared, and an amorphous alloy plate was punched out. In Comparative Example 1, the film was formed by an arc ion plating method (Arc Ion Plat-ing). Conditions such as substrate, plate, punching speed, etc. are not changed from the examples.
表1所示為實施例1和比較例1之間的構成差異。圖9為所示出為橫軸上沖裁材料的數量和縱軸上沖裁材料的變形高度的曲線圖。繪製出平均值,而且將最大值和最小值的範圍作為誤差線( error bar)顯示。Table 1 shows the difference in constitution between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. 9 is a graph showing the amount of punched material on the horizontal axis and the deformation height of the punched material on the vertical axis. The average is plotted, and the range of maximum and minimum values is displayed as error bars.
[表1]
在比較例1中,僅沖裁20,000次就產生了最多約23μm的變形。在實施例1中,模具的基材被包含第一硬質層TiSiN的硬質皮膜保護,變形高度40在實施範圍內不超過20μm。由此可確認,實施例1的硬質皮膜有利於非晶質合金的加工,且能夠提高壽命。In Comparative Example 1, only 20,000 punching times resulted in a maximum deformation of about 23 μm. In Example 1, the base material of the mold was protected by a hard film containing the first hard layer TiSiN, and the
1:模具零件(沖頭) 2:模具零件(沖模) 11:非晶質合金板材 12:非晶質合金薄板 13:異材質製成的薄板 14:粘著層 20:基材 21:硬質皮膜 22:第一硬質層 23:第二硬質層 24:沖頭的切削刃 25:沖模的切削刃 40:變形高度 41:毛刺 42:斷裂面 43:剪切面 44:剪切下垂 110-123:成像位置 130:校正範圍 131:輪廓線 1: Die Parts (Punches) 2: Die parts (die) 11: Amorphous alloy sheet 12: Amorphous alloy sheet 13: Sheets made of different materials 14: Adhesive layer 20: Substrate 21: Hard film 22: The first hard layer 23: Second hard layer 24: Cutting edge of the punch 25: Cutting edge of the die 40: Deformation Height 41: Glitch 42: fracture surface 43: Cut plane 44: Shear Sag 110-123: Imaging Locations 130: Correction range 131: Outline
以下,搭配圖式說明本發明之實施例的示例。 圖1為所示根據本發明之一實施例的模具零件(沖頭)的示意圖。 圖2為所示根據本發明之一實施例的模具零件(沖模)的示意圖。 圖3為所示根據本發明之一實施例的模具零件的剖面示意圖。 圖4為所示非晶質合金板材之剖面構造的示意圖。 圖5為用於說明根據本發明之一實施例的沖裁的示意圖。 圖6為利用模具零件由非晶質合金板材沖裁而成的沖裁材料的示意圖。 圖7為根據本發明之一實施例由模具零件沖裁的沖裁材料的局部剖面圖。 圖8為利用雷射顯微鏡觀察的沖裁材料的圖像。 圖9為所示沖裁材料的變形高度相對於沖裁次數的變化之比較圖。 Hereinafter, examples of embodiments of the present invention are described with the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a die part (punch) according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a mold part (die) according to one embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a mold part according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the shown amorphous alloy sheet. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining blanking according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a blanking material blanked from an amorphous alloy sheet using a die part. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a blanked material blanked from a die part in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is an image of the blanked material observed with a laser microscope. FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the variation of the deformation height of the shown blanking material with respect to the number of blankings.
1:模具零件(沖頭) 1: Die Parts (Punches)
20:基材 20: Substrate
21:硬質皮膜 21: Hard film
24:沖頭的切削刃 24: Cutting edge of the punch
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JP2021117527A JP2022063839A (en) | 2020-10-12 | 2021-07-16 | Mold component for plate processing of amorphous alloy, and processing method of plate of amorphous alloy |
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