TW202222814A - 具有開放的2,4—甲基化外部單元之二亞磷酸酯 - Google Patents

具有開放的2,4—甲基化外部單元之二亞磷酸酯 Download PDF

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TW202222814A
TW202222814A TW110134616A TW110134616A TW202222814A TW 202222814 A TW202222814 A TW 202222814A TW 110134616 A TW110134616 A TW 110134616A TW 110134616 A TW110134616 A TW 110134616A TW 202222814 A TW202222814 A TW 202222814A
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olefins
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安娜 塞爾
羅柏特 法蘭克
亞歷山大 布萊契
德克 佛瑞達格
強尼斯 諾薩拉
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德商贏創運營有限公司
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Abstract

具有開放的2,4-甲基化外部單元之二亞磷酸酯及其在氫甲醯化中的用途。

Description

具有開放的2,4—甲基化外部單元之二亞磷酸酯
具有開放的2,4-甲基化外部單元之二亞磷酸酯及其在氫甲醯化中的用途。
含磷化合物在多種反應中,例如在氫化中、在氫氰化中以及在氫甲醯化中扮演作為配位基的重要角色。 在觸媒存在下,用於產生具有多一個碳原子之醛的烯烴化合物、一氧化碳和氫的反應已知是氫甲醯化或羰氧化法。在這些反應中,頻繁地利用元素週期表第VIII族過渡金屬化合物作為觸媒。已知之配位基是例如選自各自含有三價磷P III之膦、亞磷酸酯及亞膦酸酯(phosphonite)類的化合物。在R. Franke, D. Selent, A. Börner, “Applied Hydroformylation”, Chem. Rev., 2012, DOI:10.1021/cr3001803中能發現對烯烴之氫甲醯化之狀況的良好概述。 以下化合物係在EP 0213639 A2之第98頁的實例10中顯示:
Figure 02_image001
。 在此使用化合物(2)作為在1-丁烯之氫甲醯化中的配位基。
本發明之技術目的是要提供一種新穎配位基,其與該先前技術中已知之配位基相比,在烯烴之氫甲醯化中顯現出提高的正/異的選擇率。 該目的係藉由如請求項1之化合物達成。 該結構(I)之化合物:
Figure 02_image003
其中R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4係選自:-H、-(C 1-C 12)-烷基、 -O-(C 1-C 12)-烷基。 在一具體例中,R 1、R 3係選自:-H、-(C 1-C 12)-烷基。 在一具體例中,R 1、R 3係-(C 1-C 12)-烷基。 在一具體例中,R 1、R 3係- tBu。 在一具體例中,R 1、R 3係相同的基團。 在一具體例中,R 2、R 4係選自:-H、-O-(C 1-C 12)-烷基。 在一具體例中,R 2、R 4係-O-(C 1-C 12)-烷基。 在一具體例中,R 2、R 4係-OMe。 在一具體例中,R 2、R 4係相同的基團。 在一具體例中,R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4不同時為-CH 3。 在一具體例中,該化合物具有結構(1):
Figure 02_image005
。 在該化合物本身之外,也主張其用於催化氫甲醯化反應的用途。 上述化合物在用於催化氫甲醯化反應之配位基-金屬錯合物中的用途。 另外主張一種方法,其中使用上述化合物作為配位基。 一種方法,其包含以下之方法步驟: a)起初充填烯烴, b)添加上述化合物及含有選自Rh、Ru、Co、Ir之金屬的物質, c)供應H 2及CO, d)加熱步驟a)至c)之反應混合物,伴隨將該烯烴轉化成醛。 在一較佳具體例中,該金屬是Rh。 該等配位基在此也能過量被使用,且各配位基以結合形式作為配位基-金屬錯合物存在的情況並非自動地為以下情況;反而,其係作為游離配位基存在於反應混合物中。 該反應係在慣用的條件下進行。 較佳是80℃至160℃之溫度及10至60巴之壓力。特佳是100℃至140℃之溫度及20至50巴之壓力。 在本發明之方法中,該氫甲醯化的反應物是烯烴或烯烴混合物,尤其是具有2至24個,較佳是3至16個且更佳3至12個碳原子且具有內部C-C雙鍵之單烯烴,例如1-丙烯、1-丁烯、2-丁烯、1-或2-戊烯、2-甲基-1-丁烯、2-甲基-2-丁烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、1-、2-或3-己烯、在丙烯之二聚合中所得之C 6烯烴混合物(二丙烯)、庚烯、2-或3-甲基-1-己烯、辛烯、2-甲基庚烯、3-甲基庚烯、5-甲基-2-庚烯、6-甲基-2-庚烯、2-乙基-1-己烯、在丁烯之二聚合中所得之C 8烯烴混合物(二-正丁烯、二異丁烯)、壬烯、2-或3-甲基辛烯、在丙烯之三聚合中所得之C 9烯烴混合物(三丙烯)、癸烯、2-乙基-1-辛烯、十二烯、在丙烯之四聚合或丁烯之三聚合中所得之C 12烯烴混合物(四丙烯或三丁烯)、十四烯、十六烯、在丁烯之四聚合中所得之C 16烯烴混合物(四丁烯)、及藉由烯烴之共寡聚合所製造之具有不同之碳原子數目(較佳是2至4)的烯烴混合物。 使用本發明之配位基的本發明的方法能用於α-烯烴、末端分支、內部及內部分支的烯烴的氫甲醯化。 本發明將在以下引用例示具體例詳細說明。
一般分析 以下所有的製備係在惰性氣體下,使用標準Schlenk技術進行。該等溶劑係在使用前利用合適乾燥劑乾燥。產物藉由NMR光譜法特徵化。化學位移(δ)被報告,單位為ppm。 31P NMR訊號被引用如下:SR 31P=SR 1H*(BF 31P/BF 1H)=SR 1H*0.4048。 合成(1)
Figure 02_image007
在手套盒中,9克(0.01莫耳)之二有機亞磷酸酯(二氯亞磷酸酯)被秤重放入固定的250毫升Schlenk燒瓶中,然後抽真空且溶於75毫升的乾燥甲苯中。在第二固定的250毫升Schlenk燒瓶中,將2.5克(0.02莫耳)的2,4-二甲基苯酚及3毫升(0.022莫耳)之脫氣的三乙胺溶在50毫升的甲苯中。在室溫下,在1.5小時內,將該氯亞磷酸酯溶液緩慢且不斷地添加至該苯酚-三乙胺溶液中。反應混合物在室溫下攪拌過夜。該反應混合物被加熱至80℃。在18小時後,該反應混合物經過玻璃料且濾液在40℃及油泵真空下濃縮。隨後,利用油真空泵將固體乾燥18小時。然後該固體被壓碎且在50毫升的乾燥ACN中攪拌。沉澱的白色固體然後藉由玻璃料移除。 純度96%,產率48%。 合成(2)(比較用配位基)
Figure 02_image009
在手套盒中,9克(0.01莫耳)之二有機亞磷酸酯(二氯亞磷酸酯)被秤重放入固定的250毫升Schlenk燒瓶中,然後抽真空且溶於75毫升之乾燥的甲苯中。在第二固定的250毫升Schlenk燒瓶中,利用油真空泵,在室溫下,2.2克(2.1毫升,0.02莫耳)的2-甲基苯酚被秤出,且在室溫下,利用油真空泵乾燥12小時。50毫升之乾燥的甲苯及3毫升=2.2克(0.022莫耳)之脫氣的三乙胺在攪拌下被添加且溶解。該二氯亞磷酸酯在室溫下1.5小時內被添加至該苯酚-三乙胺溶液中。反應混合物在室溫下被攪拌2小時且然後加熱至80℃。該反應混合物在此溫度下被攪拌15小時且然後將1.5毫升(0.011莫耳)的三乙胺三次計量入且攪拌另外的15小時。氫氯化銨藉由玻璃料移除,以1×10毫升之乾燥甲苯清洗且濃縮乾燥。固體在室溫下乾燥15小時且與40毫升之脫氣的乙腈攪拌。沉澱的白色固體藉由玻璃料移除,該Schlenk燒瓶以10毫升的ACN後沖洗2次且在乾燥後被導入手套盒中。產率:90%,純度:95%。 催化實驗 該氫甲醯化係在得自英國赫特福郡HEL Group之配備壓力維持閥、氣流計和通氣攪拌器之16毫升壓熱器中進行。充作基材之正辛烯(得自Oxeno GmbH之以下辛烯異構物的混合物:1-辛烯:3%;順式+反式-2-辛烯:49%;順式+反式-3-辛烯:29%;順式+反式-4-辛烯:16%;結構異構型辛烯:3%)係在迴流下越過鈉以加熱數小時且在氬氣下蒸餾。 用於該等實驗之反應溶液係在氬氣環境下預先製備。為此,0.0021克之Rh(acac)(CO) 2及對應量之亞磷酸酯化合物被秤出且以8.0毫升之甲苯填充。在每一情況下所導入之甲苯的質量被測定以供GC分析。然後添加1.80克之正辛烯(16毫莫耳)。然後所製備之溶液被導入該壓熱器中,該壓熱器以氬氣沖洗三次且以合成氣體(Linde;H 2(99.999%):CO(99.997%)=1:1)沖洗三次。然後在10巴之總壓下,在攪拌(900rpm)的同時,將該壓熱器加熱至所需溫度。在達到該反應溫度時,該合成氣體之壓力即提高至20巴且該反應係在恆定壓力下進行4小時。在反應時間結束時,將該壓熱器冷卻至室溫,減壓同時攪拌且以氬氣沖洗。0.5毫升之每一反應混合物係在該反應結束時被移除,以4毫升之戊烷稀釋且藉由氣體層析法分析:HP 5890 Series II plus, PONA,50m×0.2mm×0.5μm。殘餘烯烴及醛相對作為內部標準物之溶劑甲苯被定量測定。 催化實驗的結果 反應條件: [Rh]:120ppm,L:Rh=1:2,p:20巴,T:120℃;t:4h
Figure 02_image011
選擇率之定義: 在該氫甲醯化中,有正/異的選擇率,其為直鏈型醛(=正)對支鏈型醛(=異)的比率。在此關於正-醛之選擇率表明:該量之直鏈型產物被形成。其餘百分比則對應於該支鏈型異構物。因此,在50%之位置選擇率下,正醛和異醛係等比例地被形成。 本發明之化合物(1)與比較用配位基(2)相比達成正/異的選擇率的提高。 所進行之實驗證實所述之目的係藉由本發明之化合物達成。
Figure 110134616-A0101-11-0002-1

Claims (11)

  1. 一種結構(I)之化合物:
    Figure 03_image001
    其中R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4係選自:-H、-(C 1-C 12)-烷基、 -O-(C 1-C 12)-烷基。
  2. 如請求項1之化合物,其中R 1、R 3係選自:-H、-(C 1-C 12)-烷基。
  3. 如請求項1及2中任一項之化合物,其中R 1、R 3係-(C 1-C 12)-烷基。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項之化合物,其中R 1、R 3係相同的基團。
  5. 如請求項1至4中任一項之化合物,其中R 2、R 4係選自:-H、-O-(C 1-C 12)-烷基。
  6. 如請求項1至5中任一項之化合物,其中R 2、R 4係-O-(C 1-C 12)-烷基。
  7. 如請求項1至6中任一項之化合物,其中R 2、R 4係相同的基團。
  8. 如請求項1至7中任一項之化合物,其中R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4不同時為-CH 3
  9. 如請求項1至8中任一項之化合物,其中該化合物具有結構(1):
    Figure 03_image003
  10. 一種如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物在用於催化氫甲醯化反應的配位基-金屬錯合物中的用途。
  11. 一種方法,其包含以下之方法步驟: a)起初充填烯烴, b)添加如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物及含有選自Rh、Ru、Co、Ir之金屬的物質, c)供應H 2及CO, d)加熱步驟a)至c)之反應混合物,伴隨將該烯烴轉化成醛。
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US6017843A (en) 1998-06-19 2000-01-25 Industrial Technology Research Institute Catalyst composition for preparing 5-formyl valaric esters from pentenoic esters
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