TW202210772A - 獲取一種或數種空氣產品的方法及空氣分離設備 - Google Patents
獲取一種或數種空氣產品的方法及空氣分離設備 Download PDFInfo
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- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
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Abstract
本發明係有關於一種利用空氣分離設備獲取一種或多種空氣產品的方法,該空氣分離設備包括具有壓力塔(11)的塔系統(10),其中該壓力塔(11)在4 bar至7 bar的壓力範圍內運行,其中空氣被送入該塔系統(10)並在該塔系統(10)中分解,其中被送入整個該塔系統(10)的空氣的至少90%被壓縮到基礎壓力水平,該基礎壓力水平比該壓力塔(11)的運行壓力範圍高5 bar以上,其中從該壓力塔(11)中提取富氮氣體,且其中,至少在第一操作模式下,進一步的空氣被壓縮到高於該基礎壓力水平的壓力水平,發生膨脹並且未經分解地在該塔系統(10)中被加熱。如下設置:至少在該第一操作模式下,提取自該壓力塔(11)的一部分該富氮氣體在該膨脹上游被添加到該進一步的空氣中。一種相應的空氣分離設備同樣為本發明之主題。
Description
本發明係有關於如獨立請求項之前言所述的一種獲取一種或數種空氣產品的方法及一種空氣分離設備。
在空氣分離設備中藉由低溫分離空氣來製造液態或氣態空氣產品,屬於習知技術且例如記載於H.-W. Häring (Hrsg.), Industrial Gases Processing, Wiley-VCH, 2006,特別是段落2.2.5,「Cryogenic Rectification」。
經典類型之空氣分離設備具有塔系統,塔系統可例如形成為二塔系統,特別是雙塔系統,但亦可形成為三塔或多塔系統。除了用於獲取液態及/或氣態的氮及/或氧的精餾塔(即氮氧分離精餾塔)外,還可設置用於獲取其他空氣組分(特別是稀有氣體)的精餾塔。
上述塔系統的精餾塔係在不同的壓力水平上運行。習知的雙塔系統具有所謂的壓力塔(亦稱高壓塔、中壓塔或下塔)及所謂的低壓塔(上塔)。高壓塔通常在4 bar至7 bar,特別是約5.6 bar的壓力水平上運行,低壓塔則一般在1 bar至2 bar,特別是約1.4 bar的壓力水平上運行。在特定情況下,亦可在兩種精餾塔中使用更高的壓力水平。此處及下文所給出的壓力係為塔頂處的絕對壓力。
本發明之目的在於改良低溫分離空氣及提供空氣產品的方法,特別是使其能效更佳。
此目的藉由具有獨立請求項之特徵的一種獲取一種或數種空氣產品的方法及一種空氣分離設備而達成。技術方案分別為附屬項及以下說明的主題。
下面先對本發明的一些基本原理進行解釋,並對用於描述本發明的術語進行定義。
空氣分離可採用所謂的主(空氣)壓縮機/增壓壓縮機(Main Air Compressor/Booster Air Compressor, MAC-BAC)工藝或所謂的高氣壓(High Air Pressure, HAP)工藝。主空氣壓縮機/增壓壓縮機工藝是更為傳統的工藝,而高氣壓工藝在最近越來越多地被用作替代工藝。
主空氣壓縮機/增壓壓縮機工藝的特點在於,供應給整個塔系統的輸入空氣量中只有一部分被壓縮到一壓力水平,該壓力水平遠高於壓力塔的壓力水平,即至少高出3 bar、4 bar、5 bar、6 bar、7 bar、8 bar、9 bar或10 bar,因而為塔系統中使用的最高壓力水平。另一部分輸入空氣量僅被壓縮到壓力塔的壓力水平或與之相差不超過1 bar到2 bar的壓力水平,並在此壓力水平上未經膨脹地被送入壓力塔。Häring(見上文)在圖2.3A中圖示了此種主空氣壓縮機/增壓壓縮機工藝的一個例子。
另一方面,在高氣壓工藝中,供應給整個塔系統的總輸入空氣量被壓縮到一壓力水平,該壓力水平遠高於壓力塔的壓力水平,即高出3 bar、4 bar、5 bar、6 bar、7 bar、8 bar、9 bar或10 bar,因而為塔系統中使用的最高壓力水平。壓力差例如可達14 bar、16 bar、18 bar或20 bar。高氣壓工藝已被多次描述,例如披露於EP 2 980 514 A1及EP 2 963 367 A1。
關於空氣分離設備中所使用的裝置或設備,請參考技術文獻,如Häring(見上文),特別是第2.2.5.6節,「Apparatus」。在下文中,為了達到澄清及更清楚地界定之目的,將對相應裝置的某些方面進行詳細說明。
空氣分離設備使用在此被稱為「主空氣壓縮機」或簡稱為「主壓縮機」的多級渦輪壓縮機來壓縮全部的已分離空氣。渦輪壓縮機的機械結構基本上已為相關領域通常知識者所知。在渦輪壓縮機中,藉由佈置在渦輪葉輪上或直接佈置於軸體上的渦輪葉片或葉輪對待壓縮介質進行壓縮。其中,渦輪壓縮機形成一個結構單元,但就多級渦輪壓縮機而言,該結構單元可具有數個壓縮機級。其中,一個壓縮機級通常包括一個渦輪葉輪或相應的渦輪葉片配置。所有此等壓縮機級皆可由一個公共軸體驅動。但亦可如下設置:以不同軸體對該等壓縮機級進行分組驅動,其中該等軸體亦可透過傳動裝置彼此連接。
主空氣壓縮機的特點在於,被送入塔系統以用來製造空氣產品的全部已分離空氣量(即全部輸入空氣)皆由主空氣壓縮機壓縮。相應地亦可設置「增壓壓縮機」,但增壓壓縮機僅是使已在主空氣壓縮機中被壓縮過的空氣量的一部分達到更高壓力。增壓壓縮機亦可被設計成渦輪壓縮機。為了壓縮部分空氣量,一般設有其他渦輪壓縮機,該等其他渦輪壓縮機又稱增壓器,但與主空氣壓縮機或增壓壓縮機相比,僅提供較低程度的壓縮。在高氣壓工藝中亦可存在增壓壓縮機,但該增壓壓縮機將會從相應更高的壓力水平開始壓縮一部分空氣。
此外,空氣可在空氣分離設備中的數個位置上膨脹,為此,可使用渦輪膨脹機形式的膨脹機,在此亦稱為「膨脹渦輪」。渦輪膨脹機亦可與渦輪壓縮機耦合並驅動渦輪壓縮機。若一個或數個渦輪壓縮機在無外部提供能量之情況下僅由一個或數個渦輪膨脹機驅動,則亦用術語「渦輪增壓器」或「增壓渦輪」來描述此種配置。在渦輪增壓器中,渦輪膨脹機(膨脹渦輪)與渦輪壓縮機(增壓器)機械耦合,其中該耦合可為同速(例如透過公共軸體)或不同速(例如透過中間傳動裝置)。
在典型的空氣分離設備中,為了製冷及液化物料流,在不同位置上存在相應的膨脹渦輪。此等膨脹渦輪特別是所謂的Joule-Thomson渦輪、Claude渦輪及Lachmann渦輪。關於相應渦輪的功能與用途,請補充參考技術文獻,例如F.G. Kerry, Industrial Gas Handbook: Gas Separation and Purification, CRC Press, 2006,特別是第2.4節,「Contemporary Liquefaction Cycles」,第2.6節,「Theoretical Analysis of the Claude Cycle」以及第3.8.1節,「The Lachmann Principle」。
在本案的用語習慣中,液態、氣態或超臨界狀態的流體可能富或貧一種或數種組分,其中「富」可代表至少為75%、90%、95%、99%、99.5%、99.9%或99.99%的莫耳含量、重量含量或體積含量,「貧」可代表最高為25%、10%、5%、1%、0.1%或0.01%的莫耳含量、重量含量或體積含量。術語「主要」可等同於「富」的定義,但特別是指大於90%之含量。舉例而言,若述及「氮氣」,則可指純氣體,但亦可指富氮氣體。
下文將使用術語「壓力水平」及「溫度水平」來表徵壓力與溫度,此係為了表明,實現本發明理念時無需使用精確的壓力值及溫度值來說明壓力與溫度。但此等壓力與溫度通常在平均值上下1%、5%或10%之特定範圍內波動。不同的壓力水平及溫度水平可處於不相交範圍或交疊範圍。舉例來說,壓力水平尤其包含例如由冷卻效應所引發的不可避免或可預見之壓力損失。溫度水平亦如此。除非另有說明,本文以bar為單位所提供的壓力水平係為絕對壓力。
本發明的特徵和優點
HAP工藝因旋轉式機器數量少且遇到的壓力更高而通常在建造成本及一些運行成本方面比傳統的MAC-BAC工藝更有成本效益,但在能量需求方面大多存在缺點。
與內壓縮流(關於內壓縮,亦請參考開頭引用的技術文獻)相比液體產率極高(即從設備中液態提取的空氣產品量較大)的設備,或者在(基本上)僅生產液體的情況下,會採用所謂的「過剩空氣(Excess Air)」工藝(另見圖1及相關說明)。
本發明基於以下認識:對相應的「過剩空氣」工藝進行修改能取得特別的優勢。在此種工藝中,一般來說,整體經壓縮及冷卻的空氣的一部分透過渦輪發生膨脹,但不是(像在Joule-Thomson渦輪中那樣)被送入壓力塔或(像在Lachmann渦輪中那樣)被送入低壓塔並在該處分解,而是未經分解地在主熱交換器中重新被加熱到該主熱交換器的熱側溫度水平並從設備中排出。該膨脹特別是可在大氣壓下進行。由於經相應加熱的物料流的空氣已經過淨化處理,此物料流原則上可再度被添加到待壓縮的輸入空氣中,即在主熱交換器上游,而不是排放到大氣中。相應的工藝披露於US 3,905,201 A、WO 2014/154339 A2及EP 3 343 158 A1,亦可與已說明過的HAP工藝相結合。
在一個亦可與本發明結合使用的例子中,空氣可在主空氣壓縮機(HAP)中被壓縮到較高壓力,例如23 bar。隨後,空氣可在一個或兩個通常串接的增壓器中被進一步壓縮。增壓器由渦輪驅動。其中,渦輪從藉由增壓器而達到的高於HAP壓力之壓力膨脹到壓力塔壓力(例如5.6 bar)。然後,此空氣被分成必要的壓力塔空氣(精餾所需)及過剩部分。過剩部分(「Excess Air」,下文中亦稱過剩空氣)在主熱交換器中被加熱並被送入第二渦輪,該第二渦輪驅動第二增壓器或(根據與內壓縮量有關的液體產率)驅動發電機並膨脹到略高於環境壓力的壓力。接著,此部分在主熱交換器中被加熱並例如被排放到環境中。
本發明透過下述措施而有可能改善HAP工藝的性能(就總體擁有成本而言,TCO),特別是在所考慮的高液體產量情況下,使用過剩空氣渦輪是有意義的。其中,本發明特別是可用於以下情形:至少暫時從空氣分離設備中提取佔內壓縮空氣產品量的35%以上,特別是40%以上或50%以上之液態空氣產品。
其中,本發明利用了所謂的注入當量(Einblaseäquivalent)在許多設備及操作中未得到充分利用之事實。眾所周知,提高注入當量可改善能量消耗。
術語「注入空氣量(eingeblasene Luftmenge)」與藉由典型的Lachmann渦輪(「噴射渦輪」)發生膨脹並被送入(「注入」)低壓塔的壓縮空氣有關。以此方式膨脹到低壓塔中的空氣會干擾精餾,從而使得可在噴射渦輪中膨脹的空氣量受到限制,進而使得能夠以此方式為相應設備產生的冷受到限制。從壓力塔中提取並從空氣分離設備中輸出的富氮空氣產品亦會以此方式影響精餾。注入低壓塔的空氣量加上從壓力塔中提取並從空氣分離設備中輸出的氮氣,可表示為供應給塔系統的全部空氣的比率。得到的值即為「注入當量」。
亦即,注入當量被定義為壓縮後藉由噴射渦輪膨脹到空氣分離設備之低壓塔中的壓縮空氣量,加上酌情從壓力塔中提取的、既不作為液態回流返回壓力塔本身亦不作為液態回流被送至低壓塔的氮氣量,相對於被送入塔系統的全部壓縮空氣。其中,提取自壓力塔的氮氣可為來自壓力塔頂部的純氮氣或基本純淨的氮氣,但亦可為以更低氮含量在頂部以下區域中被提取自高壓塔的富氮氣體。
如前所述,提高注入當量可改善能量消耗。在使用HAP工藝及過剩空氣渦輪的本發明框架內,藉由使來自壓力塔的至少一部分加壓氮氣,或者更普遍而言,使來自壓力塔的富氮流體,在過剩空氣渦輪中按需要發生膨脹來實現此提高。
提高注入當量會使提供所需產品所需要的空氣量呈指數級增長。此外,注入當量的提高會降低氬氣產率。為了優化這一點,存在最佳值,達到該最佳值時可最大程度地利用注入當量。根據能量及氬氣等級的不同,此最佳值為10到20不等。在不生產氬氣的設備中,該最佳值遠高於此。
總的來說,本發明提出一種利用空氣分離設備獲取一種或多種空氣產品的方法,該空氣分離設備包括具有壓力塔的塔系統,其中壓力塔在4 bar至7 bar,例如5 bar至6 bar的壓力範圍內運行,特別是約5.6 bar,其中空氣被送入塔系統並在塔系統中分解,且其中,被送入整個塔系統的空氣的至少90%,特別是95%以上或全部的空氣被壓縮到基礎壓力水平,該基礎壓力水平比壓力塔的運行壓力範圍高5 bar以上,例如在20 bar至30 bar,特別是約23 bar。亦即,正如已多次提到,採用了HAP工藝。從壓力塔中提取富氮氣體,並且至少在第一操作模式下,進一步的空氣(weitere Luft)被壓縮到高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平,發生膨脹並且未經分解地在塔系統中被加熱。在本發明框架內,至少在第一操作模式下,提取自壓力塔的一部分富氮氣體在膨脹上游被添加到進一步的空氣中。該添加可在加熱進一步的空氣之前進行,在此情況下,對進一步的空氣的加熱以及對所添加的富氮氣體的加熱一起進行,特別是在主熱交換器中進行。然而,該添加亦可在加熱進一步的空氣之後進行,在此情況下,進一步的空氣及所添加的富氮氣體事先被分開加熱,特別是在主熱交換器中。下文將更詳細地說明此兩種作為本發明之設計的備選方案。
藉由將提取自壓力塔的富氮氣體添加到過剩空氣中,可更好地利用注入當量。此添加(添加量取決於產品配置及相應的最佳注入當量)有助於減少必要的過剩空氣。用於使過剩空氣膨脹的渦輪的功率大致保持不變,因為從壓力塔中提取的額外的富氮氣體量補償了所減少的過剩空氣。
在本發明框架內,用於精餾的空氣量隨著注入當量的提高而增加。然而總體來說,主空氣壓縮機處的必要空氣量減少。根據產品配置的不同,減幅大約可達到6%。該減少直接反映在節能上。然而,注入當量的提高亦會降低氬氣產率,但總成本下降。
本發明可在不同操作模式下實施,其中前述「第一」操作模式亦可為唯一的操作模式。在一個方法變體中,則可設置第二操作模式,其中在第二操作模式下,進一步的空氣亦被壓縮到高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平,發生膨脹並且未經分解地在塔系統中被加熱(即使用過剩空氣),且其中,在第二操作模式下,無提取自壓力塔的富氮氣體被添加到進一步的空氣中。在此技術方案中,若需要增加氬氣產量,則可在第二操作模式下例如暫時降低注入當量。
最後,亦可設置第三操作模式。(此處的編號僅作說明之用;不一定存在第二操作模式,該方法亦可例如僅包括第一及第三操作模式。)在第三操作模式下,無進一步的空氣被壓縮到高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平,發生膨脹並且未經分解地在塔系統中被加熱(即不使用過剩空氣),並且在第三操作模式下,發生膨脹且被加熱的不是進一步的空氣,而是從壓力塔中提取的一部分富氮氣體。如此一來,例如當需要降低氮氣產品產量,需要設備以高能量優化模式運行,及/或氬氣生產不重要時,可在第三操作模式下相應提高注入當量。藉此在最大化注入當量的同時最大程度地降低氬氣產量。
在本發明的一個技術方案中,為了作為過剩空氣使用,進一步的空氣可在高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平上,依次從熱側被送入空氣分離設備的主熱交換器,在第一中間溫度水平上從主熱交換器中被取出,經歷第一次渦輪膨脹,從冷側被送入主熱交換器,在第二中間溫度水平上從主熱交換器中被取出,經歷第二次渦輪膨脹,在第三中間溫度水平上被送入主熱交換器,並且在熱側從主熱交換器中被取出。亦即,實施兩個渦輪膨脹步驟,在此之間,在主熱交換器中進行加熱,以便膨脹時所產生的膨脹冷(Entspannungskälte)可在主熱交換器中得到利用。
提取自壓力塔的富氮氣體中被添加到進一步的空氣(即過剩氣體)中的部分,特別是可與進一步的空氣一起在其經歷第一次渦輪膨脹後從冷側被送入主熱交換器,經歷第二次渦輪膨脹,在第三中間溫度水平上被送入主熱交換器,並且在熱側從主熱交換器中被取出。換言之,富氮氣體在此與進一步的空氣一起被加熱。在另一技術方案中,提取自壓力塔的富氮氣體中被添加到進一步的空氣(即過剩氣體)中的部分,亦可從冷側被送入主熱交換器,從熱側取出並在第二中間溫度水平上在第二次渦輪膨脹之前被添加到進一步的空氣中。亦即,在此技術方案中進行了單獨加熱。
在本發明框架內,如前所述,基礎壓力水平(HAP壓力)可為11 bar至28 bar,特別是16 bar至24 bar,例如約23 bar。進一步的空氣(即用於提供過剩空氣的空氣)經壓縮而達到的高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平,可分別在每個後續增壓器中特別是被提高1.1倍至1.6倍,具體為22 bar到50 bar,在過剩空氣在與發電機耦合的渦輪中發生第二次渦輪膨脹的設備中,例如為22 bar到30 bar,而在過剩空氣在與增壓器耦合的渦輪中發生第二次渦輪膨脹的設備中,則為35 bar至50 bar。如前所述,壓力塔的運行壓力範圍具體可為4 bar至7 bar,例如5 bar至6 bar,特別是約5.6 bar。主熱交換器可在熱側0℃至50℃的溫度水平上以及冷側-150℃至-177℃的溫度水平上運行。前述第一中間溫度水平可為-120℃至-90℃,第二中間溫度水平可為-20℃至30℃,第三中間溫度水平可為-110℃至-60℃。第一渦輪膨脹可進行到4 bar至7 bar的壓力水平,第二渦輪膨脹可進行到高於大氣壓100 mbar到500 mbar的壓力水平。
在本發明框架內,可使用一個或兩個增壓器將進一步的空氣(即用於提供過剩空氣的空氣)壓縮到高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平,其中使用前述第一次及第二次渦輪膨脹所使用的膨脹機中的至少一者來驅動一個增壓器或兩個增壓器中的至少一者。換言之,若使用一個增壓器,則可使用第一次或第二次渦輪膨脹所使用的膨脹機來驅動該增壓器,或者若使用兩個增壓器,則其中一個可用第一次渦輪膨脹所使用的膨脹機驅動,另一個可用第二次渦輪膨脹所使用的膨脹機驅動。具體分配是任意的。如前所述,其中一個膨脹機亦可例如藉由發電機或以其他方式被制動,在此情況下,通常僅使用一個增壓器將進一步的空氣壓縮到高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平。
在任何情況下,本發明框架內所使用的塔系統皆可包括在1 bar至1.7 bar的壓力範圍內運行的低壓塔以及具有至少一個其他塔的氬氣獲取部分。如前所述,提高注入當量可能會影響氬氣獲取。其中,特別是藉由使用數種操作模式,可按需要進行靈活調整。
被壓縮到高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平、發生膨脹且未經分解地在塔系統中被加熱的進一步空氣,即作為過剩空氣使用的空氣,可與被送入塔系統的空氣一起被壓縮到高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平。被送入塔系統且與進一步的空氣一起被壓縮到高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平之此空氣的第一部分,特別是可被冷卻並被送入塔系統,而不經歷第一次及第二次膨脹,第二部分可在第一次膨脹後以液化形式分離出來並被送入塔系統。
本發明亦關於一種空氣分離設備。關於此種空氣分離設備的特徵與優點,請參考相應的獨立請求項。具體來說,此種空氣分離設備適於實施上述一個或數個技術方案中的方法,並具有經相應設計的手段用於此目的。因此關於特徵與優點,請明確參考上述說明。
下面將參考所附圖式對本發明進行詳細闡述,所附圖式圖示本發明的較佳技術方案。
圖1以工藝流程簡圖的形式圖示不按本發明設計的空氣分離設備。
在根據圖1的空氣分離設備中,空氣由主空氣壓縮機1透過過濾器2從大氣A吸入,並被壓縮到前文多次提到的基礎壓力水平。以此方式提供的壓縮空氣流a在未單獨標號的熱交換器中冷卻並分離出水W後被送入吸附器站3,在該處被去除水及二氧化碳等不想要的組分。壓縮空氣流a被分成兩個分流b及c。
分流b從暖端被送入主熱交換器4,並從冷端被取出。分流c在使用兩個增壓器5及6的情況下被進一步壓縮,然後同樣從暖端被送入主熱交換器4。分流c的分流d則在冷端從主熱交換器4中被取出。分流b及d被節流減壓,在此期間至少部分液化,合併並以未單獨標號的物料流之形式被送入塔系統10的壓力塔11。
除壓力塔11外,塔系統10還具有以雙塔形式與壓力塔11連接且透過主冷凝器13與壓力塔熱耦合的低壓塔12。作為塔系統10進一步的組成部分,設有過冷式逆流熱交換器(Unterkühlungsgegenströmer) 14及常規設計的氬氣獲取部分15,藉由該氬氣獲取部分可獲取純氬氣X。後者可按技術文獻中一再描述的方式操作。在壓力塔11及低壓塔12中,分別在精餾壓力水平上進行低溫精餾。
分流c的另一分流e在中間溫度水平上從主熱交換器4中被取出,在與增壓器5耦合的膨脹渦輪7中膨脹,從而部分液化,並被送入分離器9,在該處形成液相及氣相。液相以物料流f的形式穿過過冷式逆流熱交換器14,隨後被送入低壓塔12。氣相被分成兩個分流g及h。
分流g被送入壓力塔11。分流h則從冷端被送入主熱交換器4,並在靠近熱端處從主熱交換器中被取出。然後,該分流在與增壓器6耦合的膨脹渦輪8中膨脹,在中間溫度水平上再度被送入主熱交換器4,在熱端從主熱交換器中被取出並從設備中排出。此即所謂的過剩空氣,在此亦被標示為H。由於分流h包括已經淨化的空氣,因此,該分流例如可在主空氣壓縮機2中重新被壓縮,並被用來形成壓縮空氣流a,以減少淨化工作。
在壓力塔11的頂部形成富氮頂部氣體,其中一部分以物料流i的形式在主熱交換器4中以氣態被加熱,並作為加壓產品I從空氣分離設備中排出。另一部分在主冷凝器13中至少部分冷凝。所形成的冷凝物的第一部分(未標號)作為回流返回到壓力塔11,第二部分以物料流k的形式作為內壓縮氮氣產品K被提供,第三部分以物料流m的形式穿過過冷式逆流熱交換器14,並在其頂部作為回流被送入低壓塔12。
低壓塔12主要以壓力塔11的底層液體為進料,該底層液體以物料流o的形式從壓力塔中被提取。在所圖示的例子中,壓力塔11的底層液體被用來冷卻氬氣獲取部分15中的頂部冷凝器,並在該處部分蒸發。如此處以物料流p的形式所示,蒸發的部分及未蒸發的部分被轉移到低壓塔12中。氬氣獲取部分15透過此處未詳述的物料流q與低壓塔12物料結合。此外,液態空氣以物料流n的形式被送入低壓塔12,在物料流b及d的進料點正下方從壓力塔11中被提取並穿過過冷式逆流熱交換器14。
來自低壓塔12的底層液體可以物料流r的形式從低壓塔中被提取,並且一部分以物料流s的形式作為液氮S被提供,另一部分以物料流t的形式用於提供內壓縮產品T1、T1。氣態氮可以物料流u的形式從低壓塔12的頂部被提取,液態氮以物料流v的形式被提取。後者可作為液氮V被提供,同樣地,物料流m的一個分流可作為加壓液氮M被提供。
圖2以簡化圖圖示根據本發明一個實施方式所設計的空氣分離設備。該空氣分離設備整體被標示為100並且包括圖1所示之空氣分離設備的全部組件。
在該空氣分離設備中,如此處以物料流w的形式所示,至少在一種操作模式下,物料流i的一個分流可被添加到物料流h中,並與該物料流一起以前述方式被加熱並發生膨脹。在其他操作模式下,亦可阻止物料流w的形成,或者物料流w可完全取代物料流h。
圖3以簡化圖圖示根據本發明另一個實施方式所設計的空氣分離設備。該空氣分離設備整體被標示為200並且包括圖2所示之空氣分離設備100的全部組件,但提供發電機G而非增壓器6。因此,僅藉由增壓器5來壓縮分流c。
圖4以簡化圖圖示根據本發明另一個實施方式所設計的空氣分離設備。該空氣分離設備整體被標示為300並且包括圖2所示之空氣分離設備100的全部組件,與後者不同的是,物料流x而非物料流w在主熱交換器4的熱側從物料流i中分岔出來並被添加到物料流h中。
1:主空氣壓縮機
2:過濾器
3:吸附器站
4:主熱交換器
5:增壓器
6:增壓器
7:膨脹渦輪
8:膨脹渦輪
9:分離器
10:塔系統
11:壓力塔
12:低壓塔
13:主冷凝器
14:過冷式逆流熱交換器
15:氬氣獲取部分
100:空氣分離設備
200:空氣分離設備
300:空氣分離設備
A:大氣
a:壓縮空氣流
b:分流
c:分流
d:分流
e:分流
f:物料流
G:發電機
g:分流
H:過剩空氣
h:分流
I:加壓產品
i:物料流
K:內壓縮氮氣產品
k:物料流
M:加壓液氮
m:物料流
n:物料流
o:物料流
p:物料流
q:物料流
r:物料流
S:液氮
s:物料流
T:內壓縮產品
t:物料流
u:物料流
V:液氮
v:物料流
W:水
w:物料流
X:純氬氣
x:物料流
〔圖1〕以簡化圖圖示不按本發明設計的空氣分離設備。
〔圖2〕以簡化圖圖示根據本發明一個實施方式所設計的空氣分離設備。
〔圖3〕以簡化圖圖示根據本發明一個實施方式所設計的空氣分離設備。
〔圖4〕以簡化圖圖示根據本發明一個實施方式所設計的空氣分離設備。
在圖式中,相同或相似的元件以相同符號標示,為清楚起見不做重複說明。以同樣的方式圖示於數個圖中的組件,部分地不再標號。設備組件亦可代表相應的方法步驟,因此,下文中對空氣分離設備的說明亦與相應的方法有關。
1:主空氣壓縮機
2:過濾器
3:吸附器站
4:主熱交換器
5:增壓器
6:增壓器
7:膨脹渦輪
8:膨脹渦輪
9:分離器
10:塔系統
11:壓力塔
12:低壓塔
13:主冷凝器
14:過冷式逆流熱交換器
15:氬氣獲取部分
100:空氣分離設備
A:大氣
a:壓縮空氣流
b:分流
c:分流
d:分流
e:分流
f:物料流
g:分流
H:過剩空氣
h:分流
I:加壓產品
i:物料流
K:內壓縮氮氣產品
k:物料流
M:加壓液氮
m:物料流
n:物料流
o:物料流
p:物料流
q:物料流
r:物料流
S:液氮
s:物料流
T:內壓縮產品
t:物料流
u:物料流
V:液氮
v:物料流
W:水
w:物料流
X:純氬氣
Claims (14)
- 一種利用空氣分離設備獲取一種或多種空氣產品的方法,該空氣分離設備包括具有壓力塔(11)的塔系統(10),其中該壓力塔(11)在4 bar至7 bar的壓力範圍內運行,其中空氣被送入該塔系統(10)並在該塔系統(10)中分解,其中被送入整個該塔系統(10)的空氣的至少90%被壓縮到基礎壓力水平,該基礎壓力水平比該壓力塔(11)的運行壓力範圍高5 bar以上,其中從該壓力塔(11)中提取富氮氣體,且其中,至少在第一操作模式下,進一步的空氣被壓縮到高於該基礎壓力水平的壓力水平,發生膨脹並且未經分解地在該塔系統(10)中被加熱,其特徵在於:至少在該第一操作模式下,提取自該壓力塔(11)的一部分該富氮氣體在該膨脹上游被添加到該進一步的空氣中。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,該進一步的空氣在膨脹機中,特別是在膨脹渦輪中膨脹。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其中,在第二操作模式下,該進一步的空氣亦被壓縮到高於該基礎壓力水平的壓力水平,發生膨脹並且未經分解地在該塔系統(10)中被加熱,且其中,在該第二操作模式下,無提取自該壓力塔(11)的富氮氣體被添加到該進一步的空氣中。
- 如請求項3所述之方法,其中,在第三操作模式下,無進一步的空氣被壓縮到高於該基礎壓力水平的壓力水平,發生膨脹並且未經分解地在該塔系統(10)中被加熱,且其中,在該第三操作模式下,發生膨脹且被加熱的不是該進一步的空氣,而是從該壓力塔(11)中提取的一部分該富氮氣體。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之方法,其中,該進一步的空氣在高於該基礎壓力水平的該壓力水平上,依次從熱側被送入該空氣分離設備的主熱交換器(4),在第一中間溫度水平上從該主熱交換器(4)中被取出,經歷第一次渦輪膨脹,從冷側被送入該主熱交換器(4),在第二中間溫度水平上從該主熱交換器(4)中被取出,經歷第二次渦輪膨脹,在第三中間溫度水平上被送入該主熱交換器(4),並且在熱側從該主熱交換器(4)中被取出。
- 如請求項5所述之方法,其中,提取自該壓力塔(11)的該富氮氣體中被添加到該進一步的空氣中的該部分,與該進一步的空氣一起從冷側被送入該主熱交換器(4),經歷該第二次渦輪膨脹,在該第三中間溫度水平上被送入該主熱交換器(4),並且在熱側從該主熱交換器(4)中被取出。
- 如請求項5所述之方法,其中,提取自該壓力塔(11)的該富氮氣體中被添加到該進一步的空氣中的該部分,與該進一步的空氣分開地從冷側被送入該主熱交換器(4),在熱側從該主熱交換器(4)中被取出,並且在該第二中間溫度水平上在該第二次渦輪膨脹之前被添加到該進一步的空氣中。
- 如請求項5至7中任一項所述之方法,其中,該基礎壓力水平為16 bar至24 bar,其中,該進一步的空氣經壓縮而達到的高於該基礎壓力水平的該壓力水平為27 bar到50 bar,其中,該壓力塔的該運行壓力範圍為4 bar至7 bar,其中,該主熱交換器(4)在熱側0℃至50℃的溫度水平上以及冷側-150℃至-177℃的溫度水平上運行,其中,該第一中間溫度水平為-120℃至-90℃,其中,該第二中間溫度水平為-20℃至30℃,其中,該第三中間溫度水平為-110℃至-60℃,其中,該第一渦輪膨脹進行到4 bar至7 bar的壓力水平,且其中,該第二渦輪膨脹進行到高於大氣壓100 mbar到500 mbar的壓力水平。
- 如請求項5至8中任一項所述之方法,其中,使用一個或兩個增壓器(5、6)將該進一步的空氣壓縮到高於該基礎壓力水平的該壓力水平,其中使用該第一次及第二次渦輪膨脹所使用的膨脹機(7、9)中的至少一者來驅動該一個增壓器或該兩個增壓器中的至少一者。
- 如前述請求項中任一項所述之方法,其中,該塔系統(10)進一步包括在1 bar至1.7 bar的壓力範圍內運行的低壓塔(12)以及具有至少一個其他塔的氬氣獲取部分(15)。
- 如前述請求項中任一項所述之方法,其中,被壓縮到高於該基礎壓力水平的該壓力水平、發生膨脹且未經分解地在該塔系統(10)中被加熱的該進一步空氣,與被送入該塔系統(10)的空氣一起被壓縮到高於該基礎壓力水平的該壓力水平。
- 如請求項11所述之方法,其中,被送入該塔系統(10)且與該進一步的空氣一起被壓縮到高於該基礎壓力水平的該壓力水平之該空氣的第一部分被冷卻並被送入該塔系統(10),而不經歷該第一次及第二次膨脹,第二部分在該第一次膨脹後以液化形式分離出來並被送入該塔系統(10)。
- 一種空氣分離設備,包括具有壓力塔(11)的塔系統(10),其中該空氣分離設備被設計為用於:在4 bar至7 bar的壓力範圍內運行該壓力塔(11),將空氣送入該塔系統(10)並使該空氣在該塔系統(10)中分解,其間將被送入整個該塔系統(10)的空氣的至少90%壓縮到基礎壓力水平,該基礎壓力水平比該壓力塔(11)的運行壓力範圍高5 bar以上,從該壓力塔(11)中提取富氮氣體,並且至少在第一操作模式下,將進一步的空氣壓縮到高於基礎壓力水平的壓力水平,使該進一步的空氣膨脹並且在該進一步的空氣未分解之情況下在該塔系統(10)中加熱之,其特徵在於:該空氣分離設備被設計為用於:至少在該第一操作模式下,將提取自該壓力塔(11)的一部分該富氮氣體在該膨脹上游添加到該進一步的空氣中。
- 一種空氣分離設備,包括用於實施如請求項2至12中任一項所述之方法特徵的手段。
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