TW202210771A - 用於低溫分離空氣的方法與設備 - Google Patents
用於低溫分離空氣的方法與設備 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明提出一種利用空氣分離設備(100、200)對空氣進行低溫分離的方法,該空氣分離設備包括具有精餾塔(11)的精餾塔系統(10),該精餾塔在介於3 bar與7 bar之間的第一壓力範圍內運行。將第一空氣量壓縮到介於10 bar與50 bar之間的第二壓力範圍的壓力,使第二空氣量膨脹到該第一壓力範圍的壓力,該第二空氣量為被壓縮到該第二壓力範圍內之該壓力的該第一空氣量的部分量,將第三空氣量送入該第一精餾塔(11),該第三空氣量為膨脹到該第一壓力範圍內之該壓力的該第二空氣量的部分量,並且使第四空氣量膨脹到介於1 bar與2 bar之間的第三壓力範圍的壓力,該第四空氣量為膨脹到該第一壓力範圍內之該壓力的該第二空氣量的部分量。在至少暫時不使用膨脹渦輪之情況下,使該第四空氣量膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力。其中,在第一時段不使用膨脹渦輪以及在第二時段使用膨脹渦輪(7)之情況下,特別是在使用一個或數個膨脹閥(9、9a、9b)的情況下,使該第四空氣量膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力。一種相應的空氣分離設備(100、200)同樣為本發明之主題。
Description
本發明係有關於如獨立請求項之前言所述的一種低溫分離空氣的方法及一種相應的設備。
在空氣分離設備中藉由低溫分離空氣來製造液態或氣態空氣產品,屬於習知技術且例如記載於H.-W. Häring (Hrsg.), Industrial Gases Processing, Wiley-VCH, 2006,特別是段落2.2.5,「Cryogenic Rectification」。
經典類型之空氣分離設備具有塔系統,塔系統可例如形成為二塔系統,特別是雙塔系統,但亦可形成為三塔或多塔系統。除了用於獲取液態及/或氣態的氮及/或氧的精餾塔(即氮氧分離精餾塔)外,還可設置用於獲取其他空氣組分(特別是稀有氣體)的精餾塔。
上述塔系統的精餾塔係在不同的壓力範圍內運行。習知的雙塔系統具有所謂的壓力塔(亦稱高壓塔、中壓塔或下塔)及所謂的低壓塔(上塔)。高壓塔通常在4 bar至7 bar,特別是約5.3 bar的壓力範圍內運行,低壓塔則一般在1 bar至2 bar,特別是約1.4 bar的壓力範圍內運行。在特定情況下,亦可在兩種精餾塔中使用更高的壓力。此處及下文所給出的壓力係為塔頂處的絕對壓力。
本發明之目的在於改良低溫分離空氣及提供空氣產品的方法,特別是使其能效更佳。
此目的藉由具有獨立請求項之特徵的一種低溫分離空氣的方法及一種相應的設備而達成。技術方案分別為附屬項及以下說明的主題。
下面先對本發明的一些基本原理進行解釋,並對用於描述本發明的術語進行定義。
空氣分離可採用所謂的主(空氣)壓縮機/增壓壓縮機(Main Air Compressor/Booster Air Compressor, MAC-BAC)工藝或所謂的高氣壓(High Air Pressure, HAP)工藝。主空氣壓縮機/增壓壓縮機工藝是更為傳統的工藝,而高氣壓工藝在最近越來越多地被用作替代工藝。本發明範圍內亦用到了高氣壓工藝。
主空氣壓縮機/增壓壓縮機工藝的特點在於,供應給整個塔系統的輸入空氣量中只有一部分被壓縮到一壓力範圍的壓力,該壓力範圍遠高於壓力塔的工作壓力範圍,即如前所述,通常為4 bar至7 bar之壓力範圍。另一部分輸入空氣量僅被壓縮到此壓力範圍的壓力,或最多比該壓力高1 bar到2 bar,並且在不進一步膨脹之情況下被送入壓力塔。Häring(見上文)在圖2.3A中圖示了此種主空氣壓縮機/增壓壓縮機工藝的一個例子。
另一方面,在高氣壓工藝中,供應給壓力塔的空氣量,特別是供應給整個塔系統的總空氣量,被壓縮到一壓力範圍的壓力,該壓力範圍遠高於壓力塔的工作壓力範圍。相應的壓力範圍例如介於10 bar與100 bar之間。因此,在高氣壓工藝中,送入壓力塔的空氣在被送入之前亦會膨脹。高氣壓工藝已被多次描述,例如披露於EP 2 980 514 A1及EP 2 963 367 A1。
關於空氣分離設備中所使用的裝置或設備,請參考技術文獻,如Häring(見上文),特別是第2.2.5.6節,「Apparatus」。在下文中,為了達到澄清及更清楚地界定之目的,將對相應裝置的某些方面進行詳細說明。
空氣分離設備使用在此被稱為「主空氣壓縮機」或簡稱為「主壓縮機」的多級渦輪壓縮機來壓縮全部的已分離空氣。渦輪壓縮機的機械結構基本上已為相關領域通常知識者所知。在渦輪壓縮機中,藉由佈置在渦輪葉輪上或直接佈置於軸體上的渦輪葉片或葉輪對待壓縮介質進行壓縮。其中,渦輪壓縮機形成一個結構單元,但就多級渦輪壓縮機而言,該結構單元可具有數個壓縮機級。其中,一個壓縮機級通常包括一個渦輪葉輪或相應的渦輪葉片配置。所有此等壓縮機級皆可由一個公共軸體驅動。但亦可如下設置:以不同軸體對該等壓縮機級進行分組驅動,其中該等軸體亦可透過傳動裝置彼此連接。
主空氣壓縮機的特點在於,被送入塔系統以用來製造空氣產品的全部已分離空氣量(即全部輸入空氣)皆由主空氣壓縮機壓縮。相應地亦可設置「增壓壓縮機」,但增壓壓縮機僅是使已在主空氣壓縮機中被壓縮過的空氣量的一部分達到更高壓力。增壓壓縮機亦可被設計成渦輪壓縮機。為了壓縮部分空氣量,一般設有其他渦輪壓縮機,該等其他渦輪壓縮機又稱增壓器,但與主空氣壓縮機或增壓壓縮機相比,僅提供較低程度的壓縮。在高氣壓工藝中亦可存在增壓壓縮機,但該增壓壓縮機將會從相應更高的壓力開始壓縮一部分空氣。
此外,空氣可在空氣分離設備中的數個位置上膨脹,為此,可使用渦輪膨脹機形式的膨脹機,在此亦稱為「膨脹渦輪」。渦輪膨脹機亦可與渦輪壓縮機耦合並驅動渦輪壓縮機。若一個或數個渦輪壓縮機在無外部提供能量之情況下僅由一個或數個渦輪膨脹機驅動,則亦用術語「渦輪增壓器」或「增壓渦輪」來描述此種配置。在渦輪增壓器中,渦輪膨脹機(膨脹渦輪)與渦輪壓縮機(增壓器)機械耦合,其中該耦合可為同速(例如透過公共軸體)或不同速(例如透過中間傳動裝置)。
在典型的空氣分離設備中,為了製冷及液化物料流,在不同位置上存在相應的膨脹渦輪。此等膨脹渦輪特別是所謂的Joule-Thomson渦輪、Claude渦輪、Lachmann渦輪及過剩空氣渦輪(Überschussluft-Turbine)。關於相應渦輪的功能與用途,請補充參考技術文獻,例如F.G. Kerry, Industrial Gas Handbook: Gas Separation and Purification, CRC Press, 2006,特別是第2.4節,「Contemporary Liquefaction Cycles」,第2.6節,「Theoretical Analysis of the Claude Cycle」以及第3.8.1節,「The Lachmann Principle」。
在亦可用於前述高氣壓工藝的過剩空氣渦輪(英文為Excess Air Turbine)中,壓縮空氣未經分離地再次膨脹,然後被加熱並從空氣分離設備中排出,或返回到主空氣壓縮機的入口。以此方式可獲得額外的冷。例如,US 3,905,201 A對具有過剩空氣渦輪的空氣分離設備進行了說明。在高氣壓工藝中,供應給過剩空氣渦輪的空氣通常是由與供應給壓力塔的空氣一起膨脹到相應壓力範圍內之壓力的空氣所形成。此部分空氣在過剩空氣渦輪中膨脹前後皆被加熱。
空氣分離設備可根據將被供應的空氣產品及其所要求的聚集態及壓力狀態而採用不同設計。例如,習知技術係採用所謂的內壓縮來提供氣態加壓產品。進行內壓縮時,從塔系統提取酷冷液體,在液體狀態下提高其壓力,並且藉由加熱將其轉變為氣態或超臨界狀態。以此方式,例如可產生內壓縮氣態氧、內壓縮氣態氮或內壓縮氣態氬。與作為替代方案同樣可行的外壓縮相比,內壓縮具有一系列優點,且例如在Häring(見上)的段落2.2.5.2「Internal Compression」中得到闡述。
如液氧、液氮或液氬等各種空氣產品可未經蒸發地以液體狀態從空氣分離設備中輸出,其中相應形成且被輸出的量在此被稱為「液體量」、「液體產率(Flüssigleistung)」或「液體產量」,以區別於以內壓縮方式蒸發的空氣產品,此類空氣產品的量在下文中被稱為「內壓縮量(Innenverdichtungsmenge)」等等。
下文中將使用壓力範圍及溫度範圍來表徵壓力與溫度,此係為了表明,壓力與溫度不一定是精確的壓力值及溫度值之形式。例如,在空氣分離設備的精餾塔中亦存在不同壓力,但該等壓力全部處於綜合的壓力範圍內。其中,不同的壓力範圍及溫度範圍可為不相交範圍或交疊範圍。此處以bar為單位給出的壓力總是為絕對壓力。
[本發明的特征和優點]
高氣壓工藝因旋轉式機器數量少且遇到的壓力更高而通常在建造成本及一些運行成本方面比傳統的主空氣壓縮機/增壓壓縮機工藝更有成本效益,因而在空氣分離領域的應用漸增,在本發明範圍內亦是如此,特別是可與前述過剩空氣渦輪一起使用。
此等採用過剩空氣渦輪的高氣壓工藝特別適用於相比內壓縮量而言具有較高液體產率或僅生產液體的空氣分離設備。其中,過剩量的空氣在主空氣壓縮機中以傳統方式被壓縮到一個對於高氣壓工藝而言典型的較高壓力。然後,空氣通常在一個或兩個增壓器中被壓縮到更高的壓力,在後一種情況下,兩個增壓器通常為串接。可用第一渦輪使經相應壓縮的空氣從該更高的壓力膨脹到壓力塔壓力。接著可將此空氣分為必要的壓力塔空氣(精餾所需)及過剩部分。過剩部分可在主熱交換器中被加熱並被送入第二渦輪,第二渦輪使過剩部分膨脹到略高於環境壓力的壓力。此第二渦輪即為一再提到的過剩空氣渦輪。而後,此部分可在主熱交換器中被加熱,並且例如被排到環境中。其中,空氣在過剩空氣渦輪中通常被冷卻約80 K至100 K。若使用一個增壓器來將空氣壓縮到該更高的壓力,則第一渦輪可驅動該增壓器,其中第二渦輪(根據與內壓縮量相比的液體產率)可驅動發電機。若使用兩個增壓器來將空氣壓縮到該更高的壓力,則該兩個增壓器可以任何配對方式分別由第一渦輪及第二渦輪驅動。
在某些情況下,可能需要在沒有過剩空氣渦輪的情況下運行空氣分離設備。此任務可藉由本發明來完成。同樣,本發明亦可用於存在過剩空氣渦輪、但例如出於維護原因或因過剩空氣渦輪發生故障而暫時不能使用之情形。
為此,本發明提出一種利用空氣分離設備對空氣進行低溫分離的方法,該空氣分離設備包括具有精餾塔的精餾塔系統,該精餾塔在介於4 bar與7 bar之間、特別是介於5 bar與6 bar之間的第一壓力範圍內運行。此為典型的所述類型之壓力塔。其中,將第一空氣量壓縮到介於10 bar與100 bar之間的第二壓力範圍的壓力,該壓力可為主空氣壓縮機所達到的、對於高氣壓工藝而言典型的最終壓力,加上在一個或數個增壓器中的增壓。
使第二空氣量膨脹到第一壓力範圍的壓力,第二空氣量為被壓縮到第二壓力範圍內之壓力的第一空氣量的部分量,為此可用渦輪來驅動該增壓器或上述數個增壓器之一。將第三空氣量送入第一精餾塔,第三空氣量為膨脹到第一壓力範圍內之壓力的第二空氣量的部分量,使第四空氣量膨脹到介於1 bar與2 bar之間、特別是介於1.1 bar與1.4 bar之間的第三壓力範圍的壓力,第四空氣量為膨脹到第一壓力範圍內之壓力的第二空氣量的部分量。傳統上會為此使用過剩空氣渦輪,但在本發明框架內可棄用過剩空氣渦輪。
在實施實際上適用於過剩空氣渦輪運行的高氣壓工藝時,在液體轉換期間(即當液體生產被關閉時),由於溫差過大,主熱交換器上會出現極大的熱應力。傳統上,此等熱應力不允許設備在不運行過剩空氣渦輪的情況下繼續工作。除熱應力外,在傳統工藝中,渦輪排氣進入主熱交換器的接頭處的溫差在此情況下通常大於預設值,因為在渦輪不運行的情況下,相應的氣流不會發生溫度降低。
通常情況下,使輸入空氣膨脹到壓力塔壓力範圍內(在此稱為「第二壓力範圍」)之壓力的渦輪(所謂的「冷」渦輪,並非上文中亦被稱為「第一」渦輪的過剩空氣渦輪),其出口處的液體部分不能變得過大,以便在不採取降低效率的進一步措施之情況下處於容許範圍。此外,在某些情況下,即使液體產量低,亦必須提供內壓縮空氣產品的全部氣體量。因此,冷渦輪必須產生足夠高的功率,以便藉由耦合增壓器提供足夠高的壓力,從而能形成充分壓縮的Joule-Thomson流(來自第一空氣量的另一部分)。唯如此,主熱交換器中的溫度剖面方能達到傳統的平衡。
鑒於此,本發明創造出一種在過剩空氣渦輪失效(或不運行)的情況下仍肯定能繼續運行之方法。
為此,在至少暫時不使用膨脹渦輪(即過剩空氣渦輪)之情況下,使第四空氣量膨脹到第三壓力範圍的壓力。特別是,本發明在此提供兩種繞過過剩空氣渦輪的可能性,詳見下文。
在本發明的一個較佳技術方案中,在第一時段不使用膨脹渦輪(即過剩空氣渦輪)以及在第二時段使用一個或數個膨脹渦輪(即一個或數個過剩空氣渦輪)之情況下,使第四空氣量膨脹到第三壓力範圍的壓力。第一時段尤其可以是與第一時段相比提供較少液態產品量的時段,即從空氣分離設備液態提取較少的空氣產品。其中,術語「較少」尤其是指與第二個時段相比,液態產品量為0%或低於10%、20%、30%、40%或50%。然而,第一個時段亦可為維護期或膨脹渦輪(即過剩空氣渦輪)的故障期。
為了進一步說明,需要指出的是:可在第二時段特別是使用一個或數個膨脹渦輪(即一個或數個過剩空氣渦輪)以及在第一時段繞過一個或數個過剩空氣渦輪並使用一個或數個膨脹閥之情況下,使第四空氣量膨脹到第三壓力範圍的壓力。該(等)膨脹渦輪可與參與壓縮第一空氣量至第一壓力水平之壓力的增壓器耦合,或者與發電機或類似之物耦合。
特別是,在本發明框架內可完全繞過該過剩空氣渦輪或數個這樣的渦輪。因此,可在第二時段主要或僅使用一個或數個膨脹渦輪以及在第一時段主要或僅使用一個或數個膨脹閥之情況下,使第四空氣量膨脹到第三壓力範圍的壓力。其中,術語「主要」係指至少為90%的比例。第四空氣量的一小部分亦可在第二操作模式下由與該或該等膨脹渦輪並聯的控制閥輸送。
第二空氣量在膨脹到第一壓力範圍的壓力之前特別是被冷卻到第一溫度範圍的溫度,並且由於膨脹到第一壓力範圍的壓力而進一步冷卻到第二溫度範圍的溫度。第四空氣量係在第二溫度範圍的溫度下形成(即特別是從第二空氣量中分岔出來),並且第四空氣量在使用一個或數個膨脹渦輪膨脹到第三壓力範圍的壓力之前,在第二時段中被加熱到第三溫度範圍的溫度。具體地說,此加熱以及下面提到的加熱皆是在主熱交換器中進行。
如前所述,本發明特別是提出兩種繞過該(等)過剩空氣渦輪的可能性。在第一個技術方案中,如下面將參照圖1再次說明的那樣,第四空氣量在使用一個或數個膨脹閥膨脹之前,在第一時段中被完全加熱到第三溫度範圍的溫度。在第二個技術方案中,第四空氣量的第一部分在第一時段中使用數個膨脹閥中的至少一個而在第二溫度範圍的溫度下膨脹,第二部分被加熱到第三溫度範圍的溫度,並使用數個膨脹閥中的至少另一個而發生膨脹。膨脹後,第四空氣量的第一及第二部分在保持第四溫度範圍的混合溫度之情況下合併。
由於第四空氣量離開主熱交換器時所具有的溫度近似於主熱交換器的最終溫度,因此第一個技術方案中幾乎不產生冷損失。熱應力雖高,但通常在可接受的範圍內。
在第二個技術方案中,特別是第四空氣量的一個分流在進入主熱交換器之前分岔出來,藉由數個膨脹閥中的至少一個發生膨脹,而後與第四空氣量的剩餘空氣匯合,而該剩餘空氣已在主熱交換器中被加熱到第三溫度範圍的溫度,並已藉由數個膨脹閥中的至少另一個發生過膨脹。在此產生混合溫度,其與過剩空氣渦輪的「正常」渦輪出口溫度(第四溫度範圍的混合溫度)相當。此外,相應氣流離開主熱交換器時的排出溫度下降到初始設計尺寸。
在本發明框架內,具體來說,第一溫度範圍可為-130℃至-70℃,第二溫度範圍可為-178℃至-150℃,第三溫度範圍可為-20℃至+30℃,且第四溫度範圍可為-130℃至-60℃。
僅為說明起見,需再次強調:第四空氣量可在膨脹到第三壓力範圍的壓力之後特別是從空氣分離設備中排出。
本發明亦關於一種空氣分離設備。關於此種空氣分離設備的特徵與優點,請參考相應的獨立請求項。具體來說,此種空氣分離設備適於實施上述一個或數個技術方案中的方法,並具有經相應設計的手段用於此目的。因此關於特徵與優點,請明確參考上述說明。
圖1以工藝流程簡圖的形式圖示根據本發明一個實施方式所設計的空氣分離設備,其整體被標示為100。
空氣分離設備100的設計部分類似於傳統的空氣分離設備,包括相應的組件。特別是,精餾塔系統10可以基本慣常的方式運行並且可按圖示方式或不同方式設計,在所圖示的例子中,該精餾塔系統可具有壓力塔11、低壓塔12、粗氬塔13及精氬塔14,藉由該精餾塔系統可提供諸如不同壓力水平的內壓縮氧GOX IC1、GOX IC2、內壓縮氮GAN IC、液氧LOX、液氮LIN及液氬LAR等空氣產品,並且該精餾塔系統可輸出或向大氣A排放其他物料流,如密封氣體SG。因此,這裡不做進一步解釋。關於進一步的細節,請參考相關技術文獻,如Häring(見上文)。
壓縮空氣流101的提供可基本上按照本領域的慣例進行,亦不做詳細解釋。壓縮段1中的主空氣壓縮機使壓縮空氣流101達到典型的高氣壓工藝的壓力水平。在清洗段2中以習知方式進行吸附式清洗。使用水W來進行冷卻,某些物料流被排放到大氣A中。亦可實現其他設計。
壓縮空氣流101被劃分為分流102及103。分流102在主熱交換器3中被液化,並被送入高壓塔11。分流103在增壓器4、5中被進一步壓縮,該等增壓器與膨脹機6、7耦合,該等膨脹機配設有未單獨標號的再冷器,並且可繞過增壓器5。為了更好的區分,經過相應處理的分流103被標示為104,從熱側被送入主熱交換器3。同樣,分流105在中間溫度下從主熱交換器3中被提取並在渦輪6中膨脹。為了更好的區分,經過相應膨脹的分流105被標示為106,被送入容器8中,從該容器的底層提取液體,並將該液體以物料流107的形式送入低壓塔12。從容器8的頂部以物料流108的形式提取氣體。物料流108的一部分以物料流109的形式被送入壓力塔12。
物料流108的另一部分作為過剩空氣,以物料流110的形式從冷側被送入主熱交換器3。在使用過剩空氣渦輪運行時,在主熱交換器3中被加熱到中間溫度水平的物料流110(為了更好的區分,被標示為111)被送入代表過剩空氣渦輪的膨脹機7,在該處膨脹,再次被送入主熱交換器3,在該處被完全加熱並作為過剩空氣EA以物料流112的形式從工藝100中輸出。在不使用過剩空氣渦輪運行時,代表過剩空氣渦輪的膨脹機7被旁路流113繞過,其中,相應的過剩空氣在閥門9處膨脹。經此膨脹的過剩空氣EA以物料流112的形式從工藝100中輸出。
圖2以工藝流程簡圖的形式圖示根據本發明另一個實施方式所設計的空氣分離設備,其整體被標示為200。
與圖1所示的空氣分離設備100不同,此處在第一操作模式下,第一旁路流113a藉由閥門9a在主熱交換器3上游分岔出來。亦即,相應的流體部分不在主熱交換器3中被加熱。此外,在第一操作模式中,由空氣形成第二旁路流113b,如同在第二操作模式中,物料流111在主熱交換器中被加熱。此物料流透過閥門9b發生膨脹。旁路流113a及113b在保持混合溫度的情況下合併。
1:壓縮段
2:清洗段
3:主熱交換器
4:增壓器
5:增壓器
6:膨脹機,渦輪
7:膨脹機
8:容器
9:閥門
9a:閥門
9b:閥門
10:精餾塔系統
11:壓力塔,高壓塔
12:低壓塔,壓力塔
13:粗啞塔
14:精氬塔
100:空氣分離設備,工藝
101壓縮空氣流
102:分流
103:分流
104經過相應處理的分流103
105:分流
106經過相應膨脹的分流105
107:物料流
108:物料流
109:物料流
110:物料流
111:在主熱交換器3中被加熱到中間溫度水平的物料流110
112:物料流
113:旁路流
113a:第一旁路流
113b:第二旁路流
200:空氣分離設備
A:大氣
EA:過剩空氣
GAN IC:內壓縮氮
GOX IC1:內壓縮氧
GOX IC2:內壓縮氧
LAR:液氬
LIN:液氮
LOX:液氧
SG:密封氣體
W:水
下面將參考所附圖式對本發明進行詳細闡述,所附圖式圖示本發明的較佳技術方案。
[圖1]以簡化圖圖示根據本發明一個實施方式所設計的空氣分離設備。
[圖2]以簡化圖圖示根據本發明一個實施方式所設計的空氣分離設備。
在圖式中,相同或相似的元件以相同符號標示,為清楚起見不做重複說明。設備組件亦可代表相應的方法步驟,因此,下文中對空氣分離設備的說明亦與相應的方法有關。
1:壓縮段
2:清洗段
3:主熱交換器
4:增壓器
5:增壓器
6:膨脹機,渦輪
7:膨脹機
8:容器
9:閥門
10:精餾塔系統
11:壓力塔,高壓塔
12:低壓塔,壓力塔
13:粗啞塔
14:精氬塔
100:空氣分離設備,工藝
101:壓縮空氣流
102:分流
103:分流
104:經過相應處理的分流
105:分流
106:經過相應膨脹的分流
107:物料流
108:物料流
109:物料流
110:物料流
111:在主熱交換器3中被加熱到中間溫度水平的物料流
112:物料流
113:旁路流
A:大氣
EA:過剩空氣
GAN IC:內壓縮氮
GOX IC1:內壓縮氧
GOX IC2:內壓縮氧
LAR:液氬
LIN:液氮
LOX:液氧
SG:密封氣體
W:水
Claims (11)
- 一種利用空氣分離設備(100、200)對空氣進行低溫分離的方法,該空氣分離設備包括具有精餾塔(11)的精餾塔系統(10),該精餾塔在介於4 bar與7 bar之間的第一壓力範圍內運行,其中, – 將第一空氣量壓縮到介於10 bar與100 bar之間的第二壓力範圍的壓力, – 使第二空氣量膨脹到該第一壓力範圍的壓力,該第二空氣量為被壓縮到該第二壓力範圍內之該壓力的該第一空氣量的部分量, – 將第三空氣量送入該第一精餾塔(11),該第三空氣量為膨脹到該第一壓力範圍內之該壓力的該第二空氣量的部分量,並且 – 使第四空氣量膨脹到介於1 bar與2 bar之間的第三壓力範圍的壓力,該第四空氣量為膨脹到該第一壓力範圍內之該壓力的該第二空氣量的部分量, 其特徵在於, – 在至少暫時不使用膨脹渦輪之情況下,使該第四空氣量膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力, - 在第一時段不使用膨脹渦輪以及在第二時段使用膨脹渦輪(7)之情況下,使該第四空氣量膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力,並且 - 在該第二時段使用一個或數個膨脹渦輪(7)以及在該第一時段繞過該一個或數個膨脹渦輪(7)並使用一個或數個膨脹閥(9、9a、9b)之情況下,使該第四空氣量膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中,在該第二時段主要或僅使用該一個或數個膨脹渦輪(7)以及在該第一時段主要或僅使用該一個或數個膨脹閥(9、9a、9b)之情況下,使該第四空氣量膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力。
- 如請求項1或2中任一項所述之方法,其中,該第二空氣量在膨脹到該第一壓力範圍的該壓力之前被冷卻到第一溫度範圍的溫度,並且由於膨脹到該第一壓力範圍的該壓力而進一步冷卻到第二溫度範圍的溫度。
- 如請求項3所述之方法,其中,該第四空氣量係在該第二溫度範圍的該溫度下形成,且其中,該第四空氣量在使用該一個或數個膨脹渦輪(7)膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力之前,在該第二時段中被加熱到第三溫度範圍的溫度。
- 如請求項4所述之方法,其中,該第四空氣量在使用該一個或數個膨脹閥(9)膨脹之前,在該第一時段中被完全加熱到該第三溫度範圍的該溫度。
- 如請求項4所述之方法,其中,該第四空氣量的第一部分在該第一時段中使用該等數個膨脹閥(9a, 9b)中的至少一個膨脹閥(9a)而在該第二溫度範圍的該溫度下膨脹,第二部分被加熱到該第三溫度範圍的該溫度,並使用該等數個膨脹閥(9a, 9b)中的至少另一個膨脹閥(9b)而發生膨脹。
- 如請求項6所述之方法,其中,在該膨脹之後,該第四空氣量的該第一及第二部分在保持第四溫度範圍的混合溫度之情況下合併。
- 如請求項4至7中任一項所述之方法,其中,該第一溫度範圍包括-130℃至-70℃,該第二溫度範圍包括-178℃至-150℃,該第三溫度範圍包括-20℃至+30℃,且該第四溫度範圍包括-130℃至-60℃。
- 如前述請求項中任一項所述之方法,其中,該第四空氣量在膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力之後從該空氣分離設備(100、200)中排出。
- 一種空氣分離設備(100、200),適於對空氣進行低溫分離,並且包括具有精餾塔(11)的精餾塔系統(10),該精餾塔適於在介於4 bar與7 bar之間的第一壓力範圍內運行,其中該空氣分離設備(100、200)被設計為用於: – 將第一空氣量壓縮到介於10 bar與50 bar之間的第二壓力範圍的壓力, – 使第二空氣量膨脹到該第一壓力範圍的壓力,該第二空氣量為被壓縮到該第二壓力範圍內之該壓力的該第一空氣量的部分量, – 將第三空氣量送入該第一精餾塔(11),該第三空氣量為膨脹到該第一壓力範圍內之該壓力的該第二空氣量的部分量,並且 – 使第四空氣量膨脹到介於1 bar與2 bar之間的第三壓力範圍的壓力,該第四空氣量為膨脹到該第一壓力範圍內之該壓力的該第二空氣量的部分量, 其特徵在於, – 該空氣分離設備(100、200)被設計為用於在至少暫時不使用膨脹渦輪之情況下,使該第四空氣量膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力,並且具有控制裝置,該控制裝置具有以下功效: - 在第一時段不使用膨脹渦輪以及在第二時段使用膨脹渦輪(7)之情況下,使該第四空氣量膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力,並且 - 在該第二時段使用一個或數個膨脹渦輪(7)以及在該第一時段繞過該一個或數個膨脹渦輪(7)並使用一個或數個膨脹閥(9、9a、9b)之情況下,使該第四空氣量膨脹到該第三壓力範圍的該壓力。
- 如請求項10所述之空氣分離設備(100、200),被設計為用於實施如請求項1至9中任一項所述之方法。
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