TW202204689A - 沉積方法、半導體結構、及沉積系統 - Google Patents

沉積方法、半導體結構、及沉積系統 Download PDF

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TW202204689A
TW202204689A TW110123478A TW110123478A TW202204689A TW 202204689 A TW202204689 A TW 202204689A TW 110123478 A TW110123478 A TW 110123478A TW 110123478 A TW110123478 A TW 110123478A TW 202204689 A TW202204689 A TW 202204689A
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reactant
providing
fluorine
reaction chamber
hydrogen
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TW110123478A
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溝口尚志
芝英一郎
上田真也
金仙子
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荷蘭商Asm Ip私人控股有限公司
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Publication of TW202204689A publication Critical patent/TW202204689A/zh

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    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32431Constructional details of the reactor
    • H01J37/3244Gas supply means
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Abstract

所揭示者係在一基板之一表面上沉積材料之方法。此方法包括使用氟反應物以降低沉積於基板之表面上之氧化矽及/或氮化矽的每循環生長速率。

Description

使用氟抑制劑之氮化矽及氧化矽沉積方法
本揭露大致上係關於沉積材料至基板表面上之方法、關於使用此方法形成之結構、及關於用於沉積材料之系統。
在形成電子裝置(諸如半導體裝置)期間,可能需要用絕緣材料填充基板表面上的間隙(例如,溝槽、通孔、或特徵之間的空間),絕緣材料諸如氮化矽或氧化矽。原子層沉積(Atomic layer depositi,ALD)可用以保形地(conformally)將氮化矽或氧化矽沉積於間隙上方且藉此填充間隙。
在一些情況中,電漿增強製程(諸如電漿增強原子層沉積(PEALD))可用以沉積氮化矽或氧化矽。與不採用電漿之方法相比,電漿增強製程可在相對低的溫度操作、及/或展現相對高的沉積速率。
不幸地,使用電漿增強原子層沉積在高深寬比(aspect-ratio)特徵(例如,具有三或更大之深寬比的間隙)上沉積之氮化矽及氧化矽傾向於在所沉積材料中形成空洞(voids),因為較少材料沉積在特徵之底部(例如,與間隙之側表面或間隙頂部附近相比,在間隙底部表面上或底部附近的側表面上)。所沉積之材料的不良保形性及/或不想要的沉積輪廓(profile)可引發活化物種(諸如自由基)的損耗,其可由於自由基在舉例而言間隙側壁處的表面再結合(recombination)而發生。
改善經電漿增強原子層沉積沉積之材料的低保形性及/或間隙填充能力之努力至今聚焦在調諧製程參數(諸如,射頻(RF)功率、電漿暴露時間、壓力、及類似者),以便在特徵底部附近提供足量的活化物種(諸如自由基),以便增加特徵底部處所沉積之材料量。然而,因為自由基再結合係本質現象(intrinsic phenomenon),此類努力有所侷限。此外,近來的裝置製造規格經常要求特徵底部附近處係低電漿的。對此類應用而言,無法使用包括在特徵底部處增加活化物種及/或活化物種能量之習知方法。
欲克服此類問題,已提出若干技術。例如,Pore等人之美國專利第9,887,082號揭示一種用於填充間隙之方法。此方法包括提供前驅物至反應室中以在基板表面上形成經吸附物種、使經吸附物種暴露至氮電漿,以在特徵頂部處形成包括氮之物種、及提供反應物電漿至反應室,其中氮作用如反應物之抑制劑,導致與傳統電漿增強原子層沉積技術相比,較少材料經沉積在間隙頂部處。此類技術可導致具有比傳統技術更少之空洞或接縫的氮化矽,但氮化矽內之空洞及接縫仍可形成,尤其在較高深寬比的間隙中。進一步地,對於一些應用而言,使用此類技術沉積之氮化矽的濕式蝕刻速率之高可以是非想要的。
據此,想要的者係適用於填充基板表面上間隙的經改善的用於沉積材料之方法,以及使用此類方法形成的結構。有關於相關技術之問題及解決方案的任何討論,僅為提供本揭露之背景脈絡而包括於本揭露中,不應被視為同意討論的任何或全部在本揭露完成之際為已知。
本揭露之各種實施例係關於沉積材料至一基板表面上之方法,例如,在基板表面上之特徵上方沉積材料,此等方法適用於填充基板表面上之間隙。雖然在下文更詳細地討論本揭露之各種實施例應對先前方法及系統之缺點的方式,大致上,本揭露之各種實施例提供改良方法,適用於填充表面上間隙同時減輕(mitigating)如若使用傳統技術可能發生的空洞(void)及接縫(seam)形成。
依據本揭露之實施例,提供一種將氮化矽及氧化矽中之一或多者沉積於基板之表面上之方法。此方法可包括提供氟反應物至反應室用於氟反應物脈衝,提供矽前驅物至反應室用於矽前驅物脈衝,提供氮反應物及氧反應物中之一或多者至反應室用於反應物脈衝,及可選地提供氫反應物至反應室用於氫反應物脈衝。當提供氫時,可將氫分開地引入至反應室或可與另一反應物混合,舉例而言,另一反應物係氮反應物,並與氮反應物同時引入至反應室。依據此等實施例的實例,矽前驅物可包括矽烷、鹵素矽烷、及有機矽烷中之一或多者。氮反應物可包括氮氣(N2 )、N2 O、及NO中之一或多者,及/或氧反應物可包括舉例而言O2 。氟反應物可包括NF3 、CF4 、C2 F6 、SF6 、NH2 F、C3 F8 、及F2 中之一或多者。氫反應物可包括氫氣(H2 )、NH3 、N2 H4 、及N2 H2 中之或更多者。如下文更詳細提出,可在兩個或更多個方法步驟期間將各種反應物組合連續供應至反應室。額外或替代地,在一些情況中,方法步驟中之兩者或更多者可在時間和空間中重疊。在一些情況中,可指明兩個或更多個步驟的順序。在一些情況中,可指明兩個或更多個步驟不重疊。在此上下文中,重疊可意謂反應物同時進入或同時在相同反應室內(例如,無介入的沖洗)。依據本揭露之進一步實例,可將反應物中之一或多者暴露至電漿,以形成活化物種。電漿可以是直接或遠端電漿。本文中所述之方法可用以形成氧化矽及/或氮化矽,其適用於填充表面上的間隙(gap)、適用於形成硬質遮罩(hard mask)、或類似者。
依據本揭露之再進一步的例示性實施例,提供一種沉積設備,其配置以執行如本文中所述之方法。
依據本揭露之再進一步的例示性實施例,一種結構包含根據本文中所述之方法沉積的氧化矽及/或氮化矽。
所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將從已參照隨附圖式之某些實施例的下列詳細描述輕易明白此等及其他實施例;本揭露並未受限於任何所揭示的特定實施例。
雖然在下文揭示某些實施例及實例,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將理解本揭露延伸超出本揭露之具體揭示的實施例及/或用途及其明顯的修改與均等物。因此,意欲所揭示之本揭露範疇不應受下文所述的特定揭示實施例的限制。
本揭露大致上係關於沉積材料至基板表面上之方法、關於用於執行此等方法之沉積設備、及關於使用此等方法形成之結構。如本文中所述的方法及系統可用以處理基板,以形成舉例而言電子裝置。舉實例而言,本文中所述之系統及方法可用以將氮化矽及/或氧化矽沉積至基板表面上,其可包括高深寬比特徵,以舉例而言在高深寬比特徵之內或之間填充間隙。
在本揭露中,「氣體(gas)」可包括在常溫及常壓下之氣體、汽化固體、及/或汽化液體之材料,並可取決於上下文由單一氣體或氣體混合物構成。有別於製程氣體的氣體(即,非藉由氣體分配總成(諸如噴淋頭(showerhead))、其他氣體分配裝置、或類似者所引入的氣體)可用於例如密封反應空間,此氣體包括密封氣體(諸如,稀有氣體)。在一些實施例中,用語「前驅物(precursor)」大致上係指參與生成另一化合物之化學反應的化合物,且尤其係指構成膜之膜基質(film matrix)或主要架構(skeleton)的化合物,而用語「反應物(reactant)」係指有別於前驅物之化合物,其使前驅物活化、對前驅物進行改質、或催化前驅物之反應,其中當施加射頻功率時,反應物可提供元素(諸如,O、N、C)至膜基質,並成為膜基質之一部分。用語「惰性氣體(inert gas)」係指當施加射頻功率時,不參與化學反應的氣體及/或激發前驅物的氣體,但不像反應物,此惰性氣體無法在可察覺的程度上成為膜基質之一部分。
如本文中所使用,用語「基板(substrate)」可指可用以形成或在其上可形成裝置、電路、或膜之任何下伏材料。基板可包括塊材(諸如矽(例如單晶矽))、其他第四族(Group IV)材料(諸如鍺)、或化合物半導體材料(諸如第三族/第五族(Group III-V)或第二族/第六族(Group II-VI)半導體),並可包括上覆(overlying)或下伏(underlying)於塊材的一或多層。進一步地,基板可包括各種形貌(topologies),諸如形成在基板之一層的至少一部分之內或之上的凹部(recesses)、線(lines)、及類似者。
在一些實施例中,「膜(film)」係指實質上無針孔地在垂直於厚度方向之方向上連續地延伸,以覆蓋整個目標或關注(concerned)表面之層,或單純係覆蓋目標或關注表面之層。在一些實施例中,「層(layer)」係指形成於表面上之具有某個厚度之結構,或膜之同義詞,或非膜結構。膜或層可由具有某些特性之離散(discrete)單一膜或層或者由多個膜或層所構成,且相鄰膜或層之間的邊界可明確或可不明確,且可基於或可不基於此等相鄰膜或層之物理、化學、及/或任何其他特性、形成製程或序列、及/或功能或用途而建立。
用語「循環沉積製程(cyclic deposition process/cyclical deposition process)」可指將前驅物(及/或反應物)循序引入反應室中以在基板上方沉積一層,並包括處理技術(諸如原子層沉積(ALD)、循環化學氣相沉積(cyclical chemical vapor deposition,cyclical CVD)、及包括原子層沉積成分及循環化學氣相沉積成分之混合式循環沉積製程)。
如本文中所使用,用語「原子層沉積(atomic layer deposition,ALD)」可指一氣相沉積製程,其中沉積循環(較佳的係複數個接續的沉積循環)係在一製程室中實施。一般而言,在各循環期間,前驅物被引入,且可化學吸附至沉積表面(例如基板表面或先前沉積的下伏表面,諸如來自先前原子層沉積循環的材料),形成不易與額外前驅物起反應的單層(monolayer)或次單層(sub-monolayer)(即,自限制反應(self-limiting reaction))。其後,可後續將反應物(例如,另一前驅物或反應氣體)引入至製程室中,以用於在沉積表面上將經化學吸附之前驅物轉化為想要的材料。一般而言,此反應物能夠進一步與前驅物起反應。進一步地,在各循環期間,亦可利用沖洗步驟,以在轉化化學吸附的前驅物之後,自製程室移除過量前驅物、及/或自製程室移除過量反應物及/或反應副產物。進一步地,當使用前驅物組成物、反應性氣體、及沖洗(例如惰性載體)氣體的交替脈衝執行時,如本文中所使用之用語「原子層沉積(atomic layer deposition)」亦意指包括由相關用語指定的製程,諸如,化學氣相原子層沉積(chemical vapor atomic layer deposition)、原子層磊晶(atomic layer epitaxy, ALE)、分子束磊晶(molecular beam epitaxy,MBE)、氣體源分子束磊晶(gas source MBE)、或有機金屬分子束磊晶(organometallic MBE)、及化學束磊晶(chemical beam epitaxy)。電漿增強原子層沉積係指在原子層沉積步驟中之一或多者期間施加電漿的原子層沉積製程。
如本文中所使用,氮化矽係指包括矽及氮的材料。氮化矽可由式Six Ny 表示(例如,Si3 N4 )。在一些情況中,氮化矽可不包括化學計量的氮化矽。在一些情況中,氮化矽可包括其他元素,諸如碳、氧、氫、或類似者。
如本文中所使用,氧化矽係指包括矽及氧的材料。氧化矽可由式SiOx 表示(例如,SiO2 )。在一些情況中,氧化矽可不包括化學計量的氧化矽。在一些情況中,氧化矽可包括其他元素,諸如碳、氮、氫、或類似者。
如本文中所使用,氮氧化矽係指包括矽、氧、及氮的材料。氮氧化矽可由式SiOx Ny 表示。在一些情況中,氮氧化矽可包括其他元素,諸如碳、氫、或類似者。氮氧化矽可包括氧化矽及氮化矽。
進一步地,在本揭露中,由於可工作範圍可基於例行工作(routine work)判定,變數之任兩個數字可構成變數之可工作範圍,且任何所指示範圍可包括或排除端點。額外地,所指示的變量之任何數值(不管此等數值是否以「約」來指示)可指精確值或近似值並包括等效值,且在一些實施例中可指平均值、中間值、代表值、多數值等。進一步地,在本揭露中,於一些實施例中,用語「包括(including)」、「由……構成(constituted by)」、及「具有(having)」可獨立地指「一般或廣泛地包含(typically or broadly comprising)」、「包含(comprising)」、「基本上由……組成(consisting essentially of)」、或「由……組成(consisting of)」。在本揭露中,於一些實施例中,任何已定義之意義未必排除尋常及慣例意義。
在本揭露中,於一些實施例中,「連續地(continuously)」可指不中斷真空、在時間線上無中斷、無任何實際介入步驟、未改變處理條件、其後立即、作為下一步驟、或在兩結構間無介入有別於此兩結構的離散物理或化學結構中之一或多者。
現轉向圖式,第1圖繪示依據本揭露之至少一實施例之適用於在反應室內將氮化矽及氧化矽中之一或多者沉積於基板表面上的方法100。方法100包括以下步驟:在反應室內提供基板(步驟102)、提供氟反應物至反應室用於氟反應物脈衝(步驟104)、提供矽前驅物至反應室用於矽前驅物脈衝(步驟106)、及提供氮反應物及氧反應物中之一或多者至反應室用於反應物脈衝(步驟108)。如所繪示,方法100亦可包括提供氫反應物至反應室用於氫反應物脈衝(步驟110)。方法100可包括循環(例如,原子層沉積)製程,諸如電漿增強原子層沉積製程。
步驟102包括提供至少一基板至反應室中,以及使此基板達到想要的溫度。反應室可包括電漿增強原子層沉積反應室。步驟102期間之反應室內的溫度可達到用於後續處理的溫度(例如,介於約-10 °C與約1000 °C之間或約75 °C至約600 °C)。類似地,可控制反應室內的壓力,以在反應室中提供低壓環境用於後續處理。舉例而言,反應室內的壓力可達到小於5000帕、或小於2000帕、或小於1000帕、或介於約0.0001帕與約101325帕之間、或介於約10帕與約13333帕之間。
在步驟104期間,基板表面係暴露至氟反應物。在此步驟期間,溫度及/或壓力可如上文連同步驟102所提出者。依據本揭露之實例,在提供氟反應物至反應室之步驟104的至少一部分期間施加電漿。電漿可以是遠端電漿,使得將活化氟物種引入至反應室、或電漿可以是直接電漿,其中活化氟物種形成於反應室內。依據本揭露之實例,活化氟物種可相對於特徵之底部優先與特徵之頂部表面(諸如間隙)起反應,使得與基板表面反應之氟的效應在特徵之頂部附近更大。表面上之氟的存在增加培養(incubation)、及/或減少後續沉積氮化矽及/或氧化矽的每循環生長速率。
在步驟104期間生成活化氟物種的功率可以是大於0瓦(W)且約10000瓦或約50瓦及約3000瓦。功率之頻率可介於約430千赫(kHz)與約或約13.56百萬赫(MHz)之間。
依據本揭露之實例,反應室內之溫度可相對低,例如,在步驟104期間小於25°C或小於550°C,以防止或減輕材料之蝕刻。
在步驟104期間提供的氟反應物可包括任何適合的含氟反應物。舉實例而言,氟反應物可以是或可包括NF3 、CF4 、C2 F6 、SF6 、NH2 F、C3 F8 、及F2 中之一或多者。在一些情況中,可將氟反應物提供至反應室及/或與載體氣體(諸如惰性氣體)混合之遠端電漿單元。適合的惰性或載體氣體包括舉例而言N2 、Ar、He、Ne、Xe。
步驟104期間之氟反應物流率可以是約1每分鐘標準毫升數(sccm)至約1000每分鐘標準毫升數或約2每分鐘標準毫升數至約100每分鐘標準毫升數。步驟104期間之用於氟反應物流的脈衝時間可以是約0.01秒至約600秒或約1秒至約300秒。
依據本揭露之實例,可控制步驟104之製程條件,以減輕下伏材料之蝕刻及/或控制受氟反應物影響的區域。舉例而言,可選擇製程條件,使得後續形成之材料的生長速率在特徵之頂部區域中(例如,頂部25%或頂部10%)與特徵剩餘者相比較低。進一步地,當使用氫反應物時,氫反應物可促進特徵之下部/剩餘者(remainder)部分中的生長。
在步驟106期間,提供矽前驅物至反應室用於矽前驅物脈衝。反應室內的壓力及溫度可以是如上文連同步驟102所註明。在一些情況中,在步驟106期間之基板、氣體分配系統(例如,噴淋頭)、及/或反應室壁溫度可高於步驟104期間之基板、氣體分配系統及/或反應室壁溫度,例如,以便利步驟106及步驟108及110期間的沉積。依據本揭露之實例,在步驟106期間不提供電漿。
在步驟106期間提供的矽前驅物可包括矽烷、鹵素矽烷、及有機矽烷中之一或多者。例示性鹵素矽烷包括二氯矽烷、二碘矽烷、六氯二矽烷、八氯三矽烷、二溴矽烷、三溴矽烷、三氯矽烷(HSiCl3 )、氯矽烷(H3 SiCl)、四氯化矽(SiCl4 )、溴矽烷(H3 SiBr)、三碘矽烷(HSiI3 )、碘矽烷(H3 SiI)、二碘矽烷(H2 Si2 I4 )、H4 Si2 I2 、及H5 Si2 I中之一或多者。例示性有機矽烷包括胺基矽烷及雜矽烷(heterosilane)中之一或多者。舉特定實例而言,矽前驅物可包括參(二甲基胺基)矽烷(tris(dimethylamino)silane)、雙(第三-丁基胺基)矽烷(bis(tert-butylamino)silane)、二(第二-丁基胺基)矽烷(di(sec-butylamino)silane)、三矽烷胺(trisilylamine)、新戊矽烷(neopentasilane)、雙(二甲基胺基)矽烷(bis(dimethylamino)silane)、(二甲基胺基)矽烷((dimethylamino)silane,DMAS)、雙(二乙基胺基)矽烷(bis(diethylamino)silane,BDEAS)、雙(乙基甲基胺基)矽烷(bis(ethylmethylamino)silane,BEMAS)、肆(二甲基胺基)矽烷(tetrakis(dimethylamino)silane,TKDMAS)、三甲基矽烷(trimethylsilane)(SiH(CH3 )3 )、四甲基矽烷(tetramethylsilane)(Si(CH3 )4 )、矽烷(silane)、四(乙氧基)矽烷(tetra(ethoxy)silane,TEOS, Si(OC2 H5 )4 )、參(第三-丁氧基)矽醇(tris(tert-butoxy)silanol,TBOS)、參(第三-戊氧基)矽醇(tris(tert-pentoxy)silanol,TPSOL)、及二甲基二氯矽烷(dimethyldichlorosilane)(Si(OC2 H5 )4 、Si(CH3 )2 (OCH3 )2 )。
步驟106期間之例示性矽前驅物流率可以是約1每分鐘標準毫升數至約500每分鐘標準毫升數或約3每分鐘標準毫升數至約100每分鐘標準毫升數。步驟106期間之矽前驅物流的脈衝時間可以是0.1秒至約10秒或約0.2秒至約3秒。
在步驟108期間,提供氮反應物及氧反應物中之一或多者至反應室用於反應物脈衝。步驟108期間反應室內的溫度及壓力可相同或類似於步驟104或106期間反應室內的溫度及壓力。
依據本揭露之實例,在提供氮反應物及氧反應物中之一或多者至反應室之步驟108的至少一部分期間施加電漿。電漿可以是遠端電漿或直接電漿。在步驟108期間生成電漿之功率可以是大於0瓦且約10000瓦或約50瓦及約3000瓦。功率之頻率可介於約400千赫與約60百萬赫之間或約13.56百萬赫。
氮反應物可包括含氮化合物,諸如氮(N2 )、N2 O、及NO中之一或多者。額外或替代地,氧反應物可包括含氧化合物,諸如O2
步驟108期間之例示性氮反應物流率可以是約100每分鐘標準毫升數至約50000每分鐘標準毫升數或約5000每分鐘標準毫升數至約30000每分鐘標準毫升數。步驟108期間之氮反應物流的脈衝時間可以是0.05秒至約20秒或約0.1秒至約10秒。步驟108期間之例示性氧反應物流率可以是約100每分鐘標準毫升數至約50000每分鐘標準毫升數或約5000每分鐘標準毫升數至約30000每分鐘標準毫升數。步驟108期間之氧反應物流的脈衝時間可以是0.05秒至約20秒或約0.05秒至約10秒。
在可選的步驟110期間,提供氫反應物至反應室用於氫反應物脈衝。步驟110期間反應室內的溫度及壓力可相同或類似於步驟104至108之任一者期間反應室內的溫度及壓力,且尤其是步驟106、108之任一者。
依據本揭露之實例,在步驟110的至少一部分期間施加電漿。電漿可以是遠端電漿或直接電漿。在步驟110期間生成電漿之功率可以是大於0瓦且約10000瓦或約50瓦及約3000瓦。功率之頻率可介於約400千赫與約60百萬赫之間或約13.56百萬赫。
氫反應物可包括舉例而言氫(H2 )、NH3 、N2 H4 、及N2 H2 中之一或多者。步驟108期間之例示性氫反應物流率可以是約1每分鐘標準毫升數至約5000每分鐘標準毫升數或約10每分鐘標準毫升數至約500每分鐘標準毫升數。步驟108期間之氫反應物流的脈衝時間可以是0.1秒至約15秒或約0.5秒至約5秒。
如上文所註明,與特徵的頂部部分相比,活化氫及氟物種之使用可促進此特徵之下部部分中之沉積。此可尤其是鹵素矽烷(halogensilanes)及/或胺基矽烷矽(aminosilane silicon)前驅物的情況。
步驟106至110可視為沉積循環,其可重複(迴圈112)一次或更多次。方法100可更包括重複步驟104至110之迴圈114。舉例而言,迴圈114可重複若干次,直至基板表面上的間隙用氮化矽及氧化矽中之此一或多者填充,及/或達到想要的膜厚度。進一步地,儘管未分開繪示,但可在繼續進行下一步驟之前重複步驟104至110之任一者。
步驟106至110中之二或更多者可同時執行,或可在時間上(至少部分地)重疊。舉例而言,步驟106及110可重疊或同時執行。額外或替代地,步驟108及110可重疊。進一步地,如下文更詳細地闡釋,在提供矽前驅物、可選地提供氫反應物、及/或提供氟反應物之步驟期間,可連續地執行一或多個步驟,例如提供氮反應物及氧反應物中之一或多者至反應室的步驟。
進一步地,除非另外註明,否則方法100之步驟可用任何順序執行。在所繪示之實例中,步驟104發生在步驟106之前。然而,如下文所闡釋,方法可包括在一或多個沉積循環之後引入氟反應物之步驟。依據一些實例,提供氫反應物的步驟(110)和提供氟反應物的步驟(104)在反應室內不重疊。
第2圖繪示用於在基板表面上形成氮化矽之方法(諸如方法100)的時序序列200。時序序列200包括氟處理循環202及沉積循環204。
氟處理循環202可包括提供沖洗氣體、提供氮反應物、及提供氟反應物持續第一時段206(例如,無電漿)及第二時段208(具電漿)。氟處理循環202之條件可以是如上文連同步驟104及108所述。
沉積循環204可包括提供矽前驅物及氮反應物持續一時段210。接著,可沖洗反應室,例如,在時段212期間使用沖洗氣體及氮反應物。在氮反應物繼續流動時,可施加用以生成電漿之功率持續一時段214。接著,可沖洗反應室持續一時段216。氣體流率可以是如上文連同第1圖所述。
時序序列200可包括重複沉積循環204若干次。進一步地,時序序列200可包括重複氟處理循環202及沉積循環204若干次,如上文連同第1圖所述。在所繪示之實例中,在方法200期間未提供分開的氫反應物。
第3圖繪示用於在基板表面上具氫反應物地形成氮化矽之方法(諸如方法100)的時序序列300。時序序列300包括氟處理循環302及沉積循環304。
氟處理循環302可包括提供沖洗氣體、提供氮反應物、及提供氟反應物持續第一時段306(例如,無電漿)及第二時段308(具電漿),如上文連同氟處理步驟202所述。
沉積循環304可包括提供矽前驅物及氮反應物持續一時段310。接著,可沖洗反應室,例如,在時段312期間使用沖洗氣體、氮反應物、及氫反應物。在氮反應物及氫反應物繼續流動時,可施加用以生成電漿之功率持續一時段314,以生成氮及氫活化物種。接著,可沖洗反應室持續一時段316。
時序序列300可包括重複沉積循環304若干次。進一步地,時序序列300可包括重複氟處理循環302及沉積循環304若干次,如上文連同第1圖所述。於時段306至316期間之各種氣體流率可如上文連同第1圖所述。
第4圖繪示用於在基板表面上無額外氫反應物地形成氧化矽之方法(諸如方法100)的時序序列400。時序序列400類似於時序序列200(除了時序序列400包括氧反應物,而非氮反應物)。時序序列400包括氟處理循環402及沉積循環404。
氟處理循環402可包括提供沖洗氣體、提供氮反應物、及提供氟反應物持續第一時段406(例如,無電漿)及第二時段408(具電漿),如上文連同氟處理步驟202所述。
沉積循環404可包括提供矽前驅物及氧反應物持續一時段410。接著,例如,可在時段412期間使用沖洗氣體及氧反應物沖洗反應室。在氧反應物繼續流動時,可施加用以生成電漿之功率持續一時段414,以生成氧活化物種。接著,可沖洗反應室持續一時段416。
時序序列400可包括重複沉積循環404若干次。進一步地,時序序列400可包括重複氟處理循環402及沉積循環404若干次,如上文連同第1圖所述。
第5圖繪示用於在基板表面上具氫反應物地形成氧化矽之方法(諸如方法100)的時序序列500。時序序列500包括氟處理循環502及沉積循環504。
氟處理循環502可包括提供沖洗氣體、提供氧反應物(例如,具載體氣體),及提供氟反應物持續第一時段506(例如,無電漿)及第二時段508(具電漿),如上文連同氟處理步驟202所述。
沉積循環504可包括提供矽前驅物及氧反應物持續一時段510。接著,可沖洗反應室,例如,在時段512期間使用沖洗氣體、氧反應物及/或載體氣體、及氫反應物。在氧反應物及氫反應物繼續流動時,可施加用以生成電漿之功率持續一時段514,以生成氧及氫活化物種。接著,可沖洗反應室持續一時段516。
時序序列500可包括重複沉積循環504若干次。進一步地,時序序列500可包括重複氟處理循環502及沉積循環504若干次,如上文連同第1圖所述。
第6圖繪示依據本揭露之至少一實施例之方法600,適用於將氮化矽及氧化矽中之一或多者沉積至反應室內之基板的表面上。方法600包括以下步驟:在反應室內提供基板(步驟602)、提供矽前驅物至反應室用於矽前驅物脈衝(步驟604)、提供氮反應物及氧反應物中之一或多者至反應室用於反應物脈衝(步驟606)、及提供氟反應物至反應室用於氟反應物脈衝(步驟610)。如所繪示,方法600亦可包括提供氫反應物至反應室用於氫反應物脈衝(步驟608)。步驟604至610可與方法100中之對應步驟相同或類似;然而,在方法600中,步驟610係在包括步驟604至608之沉積循環之後執行,而非在沉積循環之前。
類似於方法100,方法600可包括重複步驟604至608(迴圈612)及/或重複步驟604至610(迴圈614)。
第7圖繪示用於在基板表面上形成氮化矽及氧化矽中之一或多者之方法(諸如方法600)的時序序列700。時序序列700包括沉積循環702及氟處理循環704。
沉積循環702可包括提供矽前驅物及反應物及氫反應物持續一時段706。接著,可沖洗反應室,例如,在時段708期間使用沖洗氣體、反應物、及氫反應物。在反應物及氫反應物繼續流動時,可施加用以生成電漿之功率持續一時段710,以生成反應物及氫活化反應物物種。可選地,可接著沖洗反應室持續一反應物沖洗時段(未繪示)。
氟處理循環704可包括提供沖洗氣體及反應物(例如,排除氫反應物)及氟反應物持續第一時段712(例如,無電漿)及第二時段714(具電漿),如上文連同氟處理步驟202所述。可接著沖洗反應室持續一氟反應物沖洗時段716。
時序序列700可包括重複沉積循環702若干次。進一步地,時序序列700可包括重複沉積循環702及氟處理循環704若干次,如上文連同第6圖所述。
第8圖繪示用於在基板表面上形成氮化矽及氧化矽中之一或多者之方法(諸如方法600)的另一時序序列800。時序序列800包括沉積循環802、氫循環804、及氟處理循環806。
在所繪示實例中,沉積循環802可包括提供矽前驅物及反應物持續一時段808。接著,可沖洗反應室,例如,在時段810期間使用沖洗氣體及反應物。在反應物繼續流動時,可施加用以生成電漿之功率持續一時段812,以生成反應物活化物種。可接著沖洗反應室持續一反應物沖洗時段814。
氫循環804包括提供氫反應物至反應室,及提供功率至電漿單元持續一時段816。用於步驟804之反應器條件可以是如上文連同步驟608所述。
在施加電漿的至少一部分期間,氟處理循環806可包括提供沖洗氣體及反應物(例如,排除氫反應物)及氟反應物持續一時段818。電漿條件可以是如上文連同第1圖及第6圖所述。可接著沖洗反應室持續一氟反應物沖洗時段(未分開繪示)。
時序序列800可包括重複沉積循環802若干次,例如,在繼續進行至步驟804及806之前。進一步地,時序序列800可包括重複沉積循環802、氫循環816、及/或氟處製循環818若干次,如第8圖中所繪示。
第9圖繪示包括了形成於基板906之表面上之間隙902及904的結構900。結構900包括根據傳統方法形成上覆基板906的氮化矽或氧化矽層908。如所繪示,氮化矽或氧化矽層908在間隙902之頂部附近具有厚度t1 ,其大於間隙902之底部處的層908之厚度。由於間隙902使用傳統技術填充,空洞可在間隙902內形成。
第10圖繪示包括了形成於基板1006之表面上之間隙1002及1004的結構1000。結構1000包括根據本文所述之方法(例如,方法100或方法600)形成的氮化矽及氧化矽中之一或多者1008。如所繪示,氮化矽及氧化矽中之一或多者1008在間隙1002之頂部附近具有厚度t1 ,其小於間隙1002之底部處的層1008之厚度。如第11圖中進一步繪示,由於間隙1002使用本文中所揭示之例示性方法填充,在間隙1002內無空洞形成。所沉積氮化矽及/或氧化矽之保形性可大於100%或甚至大於200%,其中保形性(%) = 側(底)厚度 / 側(頂)厚度 * 100。
現轉向第12圖,繪示依據本揭露之例示性實施例之反應器系統1200。反應器系統1200可用以執行如本文中所述之一或多個步驟或子步驟,及/或用以形成如本文中所述之一或多個結構或其之部分。
反應器系統1200在反應室3之內部11(反應區)中包括平行且面向彼此之一對導電平板電極4、2。可藉由從電源25施加舉例而言高射頻(HRF)功率(例如100 千赫、13.56 百萬赫、27 百萬赫、2.45吉赫(GHz)、或其間之任何值)至一個電極(例如電極4)且將另一電極(例如電極2)電性接地,而在反應室3內激發電漿。溫度調節器係在下部台2(下部電極)中提供,且置放在其上之基板1的溫度可保持在想要的溫度,諸如上文所註明的基板溫度。電極4可充當氣體分配裝置(諸如噴淋板或噴淋頭)。前驅物氣體、氧及/或氮反應物氣體、氫反應物氣體、氟反應物氣體、及稀釋/載體氣體(若有)或類似者可使用氣體管線23、氣體管線24、氣體管線25、及氣體管線27中之一或多者,分別自源21、22、20、及26藉由噴淋板4引入至反應室3中。雖然繪示為具四個氣體管線23、24、25、及26,但反應器系統1200可包括任何適合數目之氣體管線。舉實例而言,源21可對應至矽前驅物源,源22可對應至氧反應物源及氮反應物源中之一或多者,源20可對應至氫反應物源,且源26可對應至氟反應物源。
在反應室3中,提供具排氣管線7之圓管13,可藉由其排出反應室3之內部11中的氣體。額外地,裝設於反應室3下方之轉移室5設有密封氣體管線24,以經由轉移室5之內部16(轉移區)將密封氣體引入至反應室3之內部11中,其中設有用於將反應區與轉移區分隔之分隔板14(從此圖省略閘閥,基板係藉由此閘閥轉移至轉移室5中或自此轉移室轉移)。轉移室亦設有排氣管線6。在一些實施例中,沈積及/或氟處理步驟係在相同反應空間中執行,以使得此等步驟中之兩者或更多者(例如,所有)可在不使基板暴露於空氣或者其他含氧氛圍之情況下連續地實施。
在一些實施例中,載體氣體至反應室3之連續流可使用流通系統(flow-pass system,FPS)來完成,其中載體氣體管線設有具有前驅物儲槽(瓶)之歧路管線,且主要管線與歧路管線進行切換,其中當僅意欲將載體氣體饋送至反應室時,關閉歧路管線,而當意欲將載體氣體及前驅物氣體兩者均饋送至反應室時,關閉主要管線,且載體氣體流通過歧路管線,且從瓶與前驅物氣體一起流出。以此方式,在反應室無實質上壓力波動之情況下,載體氣體可連續地流入反應室中,且可藉由在主要管線與歧路管線之間切換而以脈衝載送前驅物氣體。
反應器系統1200可包括一或多個控制器26,其經程式化或以其他方式配置以造成如本文中所述之一或多個方法步驟被實施。如所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將瞭解,控制器26係與反應器之各種電源、加熱系統、泵、機器人系統及氣體流控制器、或閥耦接。舉實例而言,控制器26可配置以控制矽前驅物、氮及/或氧反應物、可選地氫反應物、及氟反應物至一或多個反應室中之至少一者中的氣體流,以在基板之表面上形成氮化矽層及氧化矽層中之一或多者。
在一些實施例中,可使用雙室反應器(彼此緊密裝設的兩個用於處理基板之區段或隔室),其中反應物氣體及稀有氣體可藉由共用管線來供應,而前驅物氣體係藉由非共用管線來供應。
上文所述之本揭露之實例實施例並未限制本揭露的範疇,因為此等實施例僅為本揭露之實施例之實例。任何等效實施例均意欲屬於本揭露之範疇。實際上,除本文中所示及所述者以外,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可由本說明書明白本揭露之各種修改(諸如所述元件(例如步驟)之替代可用組合)。此類修改及實施例亦意欲落在隨附之申請專利範圍的範疇內。
1:基板 2:電極,下部台 3:反應室 4:電極,噴淋板 5:轉移室 6:排氣管線 7:排氣管線 11:內部 13:圓管 14:分隔板 16:內部 20:源 21:源 22:源 23:氣體管線 24:氣體管線 25:氣體管線 26:源,控制器 27:氣體管線 100:方法 102:步驟 104:步驟 106:步驟 108:步驟 110:步驟 112:迴圈 114:迴圈 200:時序序列 202:氟處理循環 204:沉積循環 206:第一時段 208:第二時段 210:時段 212:時段 214:時段 216:時段 300:時序序列 302:氟處理循環 304:沉積循環 306:時段 308:時段 310:時段 312:時段 314:時段 316:時段 400:時序序列 402:氟處理循環 404:沉積循環 406:時段 408:時段 410:時段 412:時段 414:時段 416:時段 500:時序序列 502:氟處理循環 504:沉積循環 506:時段 508:時段 510:時段 512:時段 514:時段 516:時段 600:方法 602:步驟 604:步驟 606:步驟 608:步驟 610:步驟 612:迴圈 614:迴圈 700:時序序列 702:沉積循環 704:氟處理循環 706:時段 708:時段 710:時段 712:時段 714:時段 716:時段 800:時序序列 802:沉積循環 804:氫循環 806:氟處理循環 808:時段 810:時段 812:時段 814:時段 816:時段 818:時段 900:結構 902:間隙 904:間隙 906:基板 908:氮化矽層,氧化矽層 1000:結構 1002:間隙 1004:間隙 1006:基板 1008:氮化矽/氧化矽 1200:反應器系統 t1 :厚度
當連同下列闡釋性圖式思考時,可藉由參照實施方式及申請專利範圍而衍生對本揭露之例示性實施例的更完整理解。 第1圖繪示依據本揭露之至少一實施例之方法。 第2圖至第5圖繪示依據本揭露之實施例之方法之時序序列(timing sequences)。 第6圖繪示依據本揭露之至少一實施例之方法。 第7圖及第8圖繪示依據本揭露之實施例之方法之時序序列。 第9圖繪示一結構,此結構包括間隙及部分地填充此間隙之層,其中此層在間隙底部附近相對薄。 第10圖繪示一結構,此結構包括間隙及部分地填充此間隙之層,其中此層根據本揭露之實施例在間隙之底部附近相對厚。 第11圖繪示根據本揭露之至少一實施例之在間隙填充方法期間的結構。 第12圖繪示依據本揭露之至少一實施例之系統。
將瞭解,圖式中之元件係為了簡明及清楚起見而繪示,且不必然按比例繪製。舉例而言,圖式中之元件中之一些之尺寸可相對於其他元件而言誇大,以幫助改善對所繪示本揭露實施例的理解。
100:方法
102:步驟
104:步驟
106:步驟
108:步驟
110:步驟
112:迴圈
114:迴圈

Claims (24)

  1. 一種在一反應室內將氮化矽及氧化矽中之一或多者沉積至一基板之一表面上之方法,包括: 提供一氟反應物至該反應室以用於一氟反應物脈衝; 提供一矽前驅物至該反應室以用於一矽前驅物脈衝; 提供一氮反應物及一氧反應物中之一或多者至該反應室以用於一反應物脈衝;以及 可選地提供一氫反應物至該反應室以用於一氫反應物脈衝。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,其中,該矽前驅物包括矽烷、鹵素矽烷、及有機矽烷中之一或多者。
  3. 如請求項2之方法,其中,該矽前驅物包括該鹵素矽烷,且該鹵素矽烷包括二氯矽烷、二碘矽烷、六氯二矽烷、八氯三矽烷、二溴矽烷、三溴矽烷、三氯矽烷(HSiCl3 )、氯矽烷(H3 SiCl)、四氯化矽(SiCl4 )、溴矽烷(H3 SiBr)、三碘矽烷(HSiI3 )、碘矽烷(H3 SiI)、二碘矽烷(H2 Si2 I4 )、H4 Si2 I2 、及H5 Si2 I中之一或多者。
  4. 如請求項2之方法,其中,該矽前驅物包括該有機矽烷,且該有機矽烷包括胺基矽烷及雜矽烷中之一或多者。
  5. 如請求項1至4中任一項之方法,其中,該矽前驅物包括參(二甲基胺基)矽烷、雙(第三-丁基胺基)矽烷、二(第二-丁基胺基)矽烷、三矽烷胺、新戊矽烷、雙(二甲基胺基)矽烷、(二甲基胺基)矽烷(DMAS)、雙(二乙基胺基)矽烷(BDEAS)、雙(乙基甲基胺基)矽烷(BEMAS)、肆(二甲基胺基)矽烷(TKDMAS)、三甲基矽烷(SiH(CH3 )3 )、四甲基矽烷(Si(Ch3 )4 )、矽烷、四(乙氧基)矽烷(TEOS,Si(OC2 H5 )4 )、參(第三-丁氧基)矽醇(TBOS)、參(第三-戊氧基)矽醇(TPSOL)、及二甲基二氯矽烷(Si(OC2 H5 )4 、Si(CH3 )2 (OCH3 )2 )。
  6. 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其中,該氮反應物包括氮氣(N2 )、N2 O、及NO中之一或多者,及/或該氧反應物包括O2
  7. 如請求項1至6項中任一項之方法,其中,該方法包括提供該氫反應物至該反應室之該步驟,且該氫反應物包括氫氣(H2 )、NH3 、N2 H4 、及N2 H2 中之一或多者。
  8. 如請求項1至7中任一項之方法,其中,該氟反應物包括NF3 、CF4 、C2 F6 、SF6 、NH2 F、C3 F8 、及F2 中之一或多者。
  9. 如請求項1至8中任一項之方法,其中,提供該氮反應物及該氧反應物中之一或多者至該反應室的該步驟包括在提供一矽前驅物、可選地提供一氫反應物、及提供一氟反應物之該等步驟期間,連續地提供一氮反應物及一氧反應物中之一或多者。
  10. 如請求項1至9中任一項之方法,其中,提供該氮反應物及該氧反應物中之一或多者的該步驟及提供該氫反應物之該步驟在該反應室內重疊。
  11. 如請求項1至10中任一項之方法,其中,提供該氫反應物之該步驟及提供該矽前驅物之該步驟在該反應室內重疊。
  12. 如請求項1至11中任一項之方法,其中,提供該氟反應物之該步驟先於提供該矽前驅物之該步驟。
  13. 如請求項1至12中任一項之方法,其中,提供該氫反應物之該步驟及提供該氟反應物之該步驟在該反應室內不重疊。
  14. 如請求項1至13中任一項之方法,其中,在提供該氮反應物及該氧反應物中之一或多者之該步驟期間施加一電漿,以形成活化氮物種及活化氧物種中之一或多者。
  15. 如請求項1至14中任一項之方法,其中,在提供該氫反應物之該步驟期間施加一電漿,以形成活化氫物種。
  16. 如請求項1至15中任一項之方法,其中,在提供該氟反應物之該步驟期間施加依電漿,以形成活化氟物種。
  17. 如請求項1至16中任一項之方法,其中,在提供該氟反應物之該步驟期間的一基座之溫度係介於約-20 °C與約1000 °C之間,或約75 °C與約600 °C之間。
  18. 如請求項16及17中任一項之方法,其中,在提供該氟反應物之該步驟期間用以產成活化氟物種的一功率係大於0瓦且約10000瓦、或約50瓦及約3000瓦。
  19. 如請求項1至17中任一項之方法,其中,該氟反應物脈衝之持續時間係介於約0.01秒至約600秒、或約1秒至約300秒之間。
  20. 如請求項1至19中任一項之方法,其中在該氟反應物脈衝期間該反應室內之一壓力係介於約0.0001帕與約101325帕之間、或約10帕與約13333帕之間。
  21. 如請求項1至20中任一項之方法,更包括用氮化矽及氧化矽中之一或多者在該基板之一表面上填充一間隙。
  22. 如請求項1至21中任一項之方法,更包括用氮化矽及氧化矽中之一或多者形成一硬質遮罩。
  23. 一種結構,其係使用如請求項1至22中任一項之方法所形成。
  24. 一種系統,包括: 一或多個反應室; 一矽前驅物源; 一氧反應物源及一氮反應物源中之一或多者; 可選地一氫反應物源; 一氟反應物源; 一電漿功率源; 一排氣源;以及 一控制器, 其中該控制器係配置以控制一矽前驅物、一氮反應物及/或氧反應物、可選地一氫反應物、及一氟反應物至該一或多個反應室中的至少一者中的氣體流,以在一基板之一表面上形成氮化矽層及氧化矽層中之一或多者。
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