TW202128317A - Lathe and method for attaching guide member thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a lathe enabling alleviation of workload for switching from a guide bushing system to a non-guide bushing system. Also provided is a method for attaching a guide member of the lathe. The lathe is provided with: a main spindle (12) that grips a workpiece W1; a headstock (10); a driving unit (20); a supporting table (30); a guide member (40); and a positioning member (50). The headstock (10) is provided with a quill (11) arranged on the outside of the main spindle (12) around a main spindle axis AX1, whereby the main spindle (12) is rotatably supported. The driving unit (20) causes the headstock (10) to move in a main spindle axis direction D1. A guide bushing (32) that supports the workpiece W1 in a slidable manner in front of the main spindle (12) is detachably installed on the supporting table (30). The guide member (40) is attached to the supporting table (30) from which the guide bushing (32) has been removed, and supports the quill (11) in a slidable manner in the main spindle axis direction D1. The positioning member (50) is attached to the supporting table (30) and aligns an axis AX2 of the guide member (40) with the main spindle axis AX1.

Description

Lathe and its guide component installation method

The present invention relates to a lathe capable of switching between a processing method using a guide bushing and a processing method not using a guide bushing, and a guide member installation method thereof.

As a lathe, there is known a spindle-moving type lathe. As shown in Patent Document 1, a guide bush that supports the workpiece so that the workpiece can be slid is mounted on a support table in front of the spindle. In the case of using the guide sleeve method of the guide sleeve, the workpiece held by the spindle is supported by the guide sleeve in a slidable manner, and the tool is processed in front of the guide sleeve. On the other hand, in order to process shorter workpieces, sometimes the guide bushing is removed from the support table, and the spindle table is moved forward compared to when the guide bushing is used to process the workpiece. In the case of the non-guide bushing method without a guide bush, the front part of the spindle base is supported so that the front part of the spindle base can slide in the direction of the spindle center line. Therefore, the guide for the ring-shaped casing shaft installed on the support base is used. Pieces. The guide for the quill is inserted in the front part of the quill for the quill arranged on the outer side of the spindle with the centerline of the spindle as the center, and is installed on the support table.

When the operator of the lathe switches from the guide bushing mode to the non-guide bushing mode, remove the guide bushing from the support table, first dispose the guide for the casing shaft on the outside of the casing shaft, and make the headstock move forward, and then use Install the guide for the quill shaft on the support table with screws. Here, if the installation position of the quill guide is changed, the machining accuracy of the workpiece will be affected. Therefore, the operator performs centering, that is, aligns the center line of the quill guide with the center line of the spindle. Therefore, every time the operator switches from the guide bushing mode to the non-guide bushing mode, the work accompanied by centering must be performed. [Prior technical literature] [Patent literature]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-144843

[The problem to be solved by the invention]

The guide for the quill supports the quill so that it can slide, so it has an annular shape larger than that of the quill and is heavy. Therefore, the installation work of the guide for the quill along with centering while pushing up the guide for the quill arranged on the outer side of the quill and installing it on a support table is a heavy burden on the operator.

The invention discloses a lathe capable of reducing the work of switching from a guide sleeve mode to a guide sleeveless mode and a guide member installation method thereof. [Technical means to solve the problem]

The lathe of the present invention has the following aspects, that is, it is equipped with: a spindle, which holds a workpiece; a spindle base, which has a quill shaft arranged on the outside of the spindle with the centerline of the spindle as the center, so that the spindle can rotate The above-mentioned spindle is supported by the above-mentioned method; the driving part moves the spindle table along the direction of the spindle centerline; the supporting table is provided with a guide sleeve in a removable manner in front of the above-mentioned spindle, and the guide sleeve enables the above-mentioned workpiece to slide. The above-mentioned workpiece is supported by the method; the guide member, which is installed on the support platform from which the above-mentioned guide sleeve has been removed, so that the above-mentioned casing shaft can be slid in the direction of the centerline of the above-mentioned spindle; and the positioning member, which is installed On the support table, the center line of the guide member is aligned with the center line of the main shaft.

In addition, the guide member installation method of the lathe of the present invention has the following aspects. That is, the lathe has: a spindle, which holds the workpiece; , To support the above spindle in such a way that the above spindle can be rotated; the driving part, which moves the spindle base in the direction of the spindle centerline; the support table, which is provided with a guide sleeve in a removable manner before the above spindle, the guide sleeve Support the above-mentioned workpiece in such a way that the above-mentioned workpiece can be slid; and a guide member which is installed on the above-mentioned support table from which the above-mentioned guide sleeve has been removed, so that the above-mentioned sleeve shaft can be slid in the direction of the center line of the above-mentioned spindle to support the above-mentioned sleeve Shaft; and the method for installing the guide member of the lathe includes: a positioning step, which is to close the guide member to the positioning member, the positioning member is installed on the support table and the center line of the guide member is aligned with the center line of the spindle Standard; and the installation step, which is to install the guide member close to the positioning member on the support platform from which the guide sleeve has been removed. [Effects of the invention]

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lathe that reduces the work of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. Of course, the following embodiments are only examples of the present inventors, and all the features shown in the embodiments must be necessary for the solution of the invention.

(1) Outline of the technology included in the present invention: First, the outline of the technology included in the present invention will be described with reference to the example shown in the figure. Furthermore, the drawings in this application are diagrams schematically showing examples, and the magnification ratios in each direction shown in these drawings may be different, or the drawings may not be unified. Of course, each element of the present technology is not limited to the specific examples shown by the symbols. In addition, in this application, the numerical range "Min～Max" means the minimum value Min above and the maximum value Max below.

[Aspect 1] A lathe 1 of one aspect of this technology is illustrated in Figures 1, 5, etc., and includes: a spindle 12 for holding a workpiece W1, a spindle base 10, a drive unit 20, a support table 30, a guide member 40, and positioning Component 50. The spindle base 10 has a quill 11 arranged on the outer side of the spindle 12 with the spindle center line AX1 as a center, and supports the spindle 12 so that the spindle 12 can be rotated. The drive unit 20 moves the spindle base 10 in the direction D1 of the spindle center line. On the support table 30, a guide sleeve 32 is detachably provided in front of the spindle 12, and the guide sleeve 32 supports the workpiece W1 in a manner that enables the workpiece W1 to slide. The guide member 40 is installed on the support base 30 from which the guide sleeve 32 has been removed, and supports the quill 11 in a manner that the quill 11 can slide in the direction D1 of the spindle center line. The positioning member 50 is installed on the support table 30 so that the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 is aligned with the spindle center line AX1.

11A and 11B are cross-sectional views schematically showing the operation of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method in a lathe of a comparative example without positioning members. FIG. 11A shows a situation where the ring-shaped guide member 940 is installed on the support base 930 from which the guide bushing has been removed. The quill 911 provided on the spindle base 910 is a substantially cylindrical member supported by the guide member 940, and is arranged on the outer side of the spindle 912 with the spindle center line AX91 as the center, from the main body 910a of the spindle base 910 to the front side S91 Extension. The headstock 910 with the quill shaft 911 moves in the Z-axis direction along the spindle center line AX91 when the workpiece is processed. Therefore, the guide member 940 needs to support the quill 911 in such a way that the quill 911 can slide in the Z-axis direction, and a slight gap is provided between the inner peripheral surface 941 of the guide member 940 and the outer peripheral surface 911a of the quill 911 .

The operator of the lathe performs the following work accompanied by centering when the guide member 940 is installed on the support table 930. First, in order to align the center line AX92 of the guide member 940 with the spindle center line AX91, the operator first arranges the guide member 940 on the outside of the trocar 911, and assumes that the trocar 911 penetrates the through hole 940a of the guide member 940 The state. Next, the operator moves the headstock 910 forward, and assumes that a part of the quill 911 is inserted into the through hole 931 of the support table 930. Furthermore, while supporting the guide member 940 by hand, the operator holds the guide member 940 in such a manner that the center line AX92 of the guide member 940 is aligned with the spindle center line AX91. If this state is maintained, while the operator inserts the screw SC91 into the screw insertion hole 943 of the guide member 940 and screwed it with the screw hole 933 of the support base 930, the guide member 940 is fixed to the support base 930. The operator needs to perform the above operations every time the operator switches from the guide bushing mode to the non-guide bushing mode.

Here, if the guide member 940 is screwed in a state where the center line AX92 of the guide member 940 is deviated from the spindle center line AX91 as shown in FIG. 11A, as shown in FIG. 11B, the inner peripheral surface 941 of the fixed guide member 940 The gap with the outer peripheral surface 911a of the quill shaft 911 is deviated. 11A and 11B show that the center line AX92 of the guide member 940 deviates from the spindle center line AX91 to the lower side. As a result, the inner peripheral surface 941 of the guide member 940 and the quill 911 are on the lower side of the quill 911 A relatively wide gap CL9 is generated between the outer peripheral surfaces 911a. If the center line AX92 of the guide member 940 deviates from the spindle center line AX91, the machining accuracy of the workpiece will be affected. However, since the guide member 940 supports the quill 911 in such a way that the quill 911 can slide, it has an annular shape larger than the quill and is heavy. Therefore, the work of mounting the guide member 940 on the support table 930 while performing the centering of the guide member 940 is burdensome for the operator. In addition, since the same operation is required every time the guide bushing method is switched to the guide bushless method, there are cases where the installation position of the guide member 940 changes a little each time, and the difference in the installation position affects the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

On the other hand, in the above aspect 1 of the present technology, when the operator of the lathe 1 installs the guide member 40 on the support platform 30 from which the guide bush 32 has been removed, the positioning member 50 can make the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 and Align the spindle center line AX1. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform the work associated with centering, such as pushing up the heavy guide member 40, which is a heavy burden, and it is not necessary to perform the work of first arranging the guide member 40 on the outer side of the quill 11 each time. . Therefore, the above aspect 1 can provide a lathe that reduces the work of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method.

Here, the number of positioning members may be one, or two or more. The postscript also applies to the following aspects.

[Aspect 2] As shown in FIG. 6, in the cross-section CS orthogonal to the spindle center line AX1, the positioning member 50 installed on the supporting table 30 and the guiding member 40 installed on the supporting table 30 may also be The two contact points P1 and P2 are in contact, and the two contact points P1 and P2 form a triangle TR with the center P3 of the guide member 40. Thereby, when the operator presses the guide member 40 against the positioning member 50, the guide member 40 and the positioning member 50 are in contact at two contact points P1, P2, and the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 is aligned with the spindle center line AX1 . Therefore, this aspect can accurately position the centerline of the guide member on the centerline of the spindle. Here, the guide member and the positioning member only need to be in contact at two contact points in a cross section orthogonal to the center line of the main shaft, or they may be in linear contact as a whole. Contacting at the contact point in the cross-section means point-like contact in design, including linear contact due to the shape error of the guiding member or positioning member. These postscripts also apply to the following aspects.

[Aspect 3] As illustrated in FIGS. 6, 9A, 9B, etc., the surface of the positioning member 50 where the contact points P1 and P2 (for example, the contact surface 51) exist may be a flat surface or a curved surface, and the curved surface is the curvature in the cross-section CS. A concave curved surface with a radius larger than the curvature radius of the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 described above. In this aspect, since the two contact points P1 and P2 of the positioning member 50 and the guide member 40 can be easily realized, the center line of the guide member can be easily positioned on the center line of the spindle.

[Aspect 4] As illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 8B, the guide member 40 may also have a front/back discriminating portion (for example, countersunk hole 43a), and the front/back discriminating portion can discriminate whether the guide member 40 is opposite to the support The state of the table 30 turned over. When the guide member 40 is installed in a state of being turned over with respect to the support table 30, the position of the center axis AX2 of the guide member 40 in the turned state and the position of the center axis AX2 of the guide member 40 in the unturned state may be slightly deviated shift. In order to align the position of the center axis AX2 in the inverted state and the non-inverted state, the guide member 40 needs to be machined with extremely high precision. In this aspect, since the front/back discriminating portion (43a) is used to determine whether the guide member 40 is turned over with respect to the support table 30, the operator can install the guide member 40 in a state where the guide member 40 is not turned over with respect to the support table 30. In this case, the machining of the guide member 40 does not require high precision to the extent that the position of the center axis AX2 in the turned state and the unturned state coincide. Therefore, this aspect can reduce the cost of the guide member. Here, the front/back discriminating part is not limited to the countersunk hole, and may also be a mark for grasping the front and back of the guide member.

[Aspect 5] Moreover, the guide member installation method of the lathe 1 in one aspect of the present technology includes the following steps (a) and (b). (a) Positioning step ST1, which is to close the guide member 40 to the positioning member 50, which is mounted on the support table 30, and aligns the centerline AX2 of the guide member 40 with the spindle centerline AX1 . (B) The installation step ST2, which is to install the guide member 40 close to the positioning member 50 on the support platform 30 from which the guide sleeve 32 has been removed.

In the above aspect 5, the operator of the lathe 1 closes the guide member 40 to the positioning member 50, and the positioning member 50 is installed on the support table 30 from which the guide sleeve 32 has been removed, so that the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 Align with the spindle center line AX1. In this state, the operator can install the guide member 40 on the support table 30. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform the work associated with centering, such as pushing up the heavy guide member 40, which is a heavy burden, and it is not necessary to perform the work of first arranging the guide member 40 on the outer side of the quill 11 each time. . Therefore, the above aspect 5 can provide a guide member installation method for a lathe that reduces the work of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method.

(2) Specific examples of lathes: Fig. 1 shows a partial cross-sectional observation of the main parts of the lathe 1 set as a guide bushing method and exemplifies them schematically. Fig. 2A schematically illustrates a partial cross-sectional observation of the main part of the lathe 1 set as the guide bushing method from above. Fig. 2B shows a partial cross-sectional observation of the main part of the lathe 1 of the guide bushing method from the Y-axis direction and schematically illustrates it. Fig. 3A schematically shows a simplified example of the main part of the lathe 1 set to the guide bushing method. FIG. 3B schematically shows a simplified example of the main parts of the lathe 1 set to the guide bushless method. Fig. 4A schematically illustrates a partial cross-sectional observation of the main part of the lathe 1 set as the guide bushless method from above. Fig. 4B schematically illustrates a partial cross-sectional observation of the main part of the lathe 1 set as the guide-bushless method from the Y-axis direction. In FIGS. 2A and 2B and FIGS. 4A and 4B, the front end position of the spindle base 10 is indicated by a solid line, and the rear end position of the spindle base 10 is indicated by a two-dot chain line. Furthermore, the spindle centerline AX1 represents the centerline of the rotation of the spindle 12, and the spindle centerline direction D1 represents the direction along the spindle centerline AX1. The main axis centerline direction D1 includes both the direction toward the front side S1 and the direction toward the rear side S2. The Z-axis direction indicates the direction of the control axis along the direction of the main shaft centerline D1, the X-axis direction indicates the direction of the control axis along the vertical direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, and the Y-axis direction indicates the direction orthogonal to the Z-axis. The direction of the control axis in the horizontal direction. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions may be different from each other. In terms of easy movement control, they are preferably substantially orthogonal, but they may be offset by an angle of 45° or less, for example. The direction of the orthogonal direction.

The lathe 1 shown in FIG. 1 and the like is a spindle-moving lathe having a base 2, a control unit 8, a spindle base 10, a driving unit 20, a support base 30, a tool base 60, and the like. The base 2 is also referred to as a pedestal or a workbench, etc., and constitutes a basic part supporting the driving unit 20, the supporting table 30, and the like.

The control unit 8 controls the operations of the headstock 10, the drive unit 20, the tool table 60, and the like. The control unit 8 can use a known numerical control device. The numerical control device has: CPU (Central Processing Unit) as a processor, ROM (Read Only Memory) as a semiconductor memory, RAM (Random Access Memory) as a semiconductor memory, random access memory Take memory), timer circuit, and interface, etc. Write the control program in ROM to explain and execute the processing program. The processing program written by the operator is stored in the RAM in a way that can be overwritten. The CPU uses RAM as the work area and executes the control program recorded in the ROM to realize the function of the numerical control device. Of course, some or all of the above-mentioned functions can also be realized by other mechanisms such as ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).

The spindle 12 set on the spindle table 10 holds the cylindrical (rod-shaped) workpiece W1 inserted in the Z-axis direction in a releasable manner, so that the workpiece W1 rotates around the spindle center line AX1 along the length of the workpiece W1 . The spindle base 10 is configured to support the spindle 12 so that the spindle 12 can rotate about the spindle center line AX1, and is capable of moving in the Z-axis direction. A cylindrical quill 11 is provided in the front part of the spindle base 10, which supports the spindle 12 in such a way that the spindle 12 can rotate around the spindle center line AX1. The quill 11 installed on the spindle base 10 is a substantially cylindrical member supported by the guide member 40 when the guide sleeve 32 is not used. The main body 10a extends to the front side S1. As shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, etc., the outer peripheral surface 11a of the quill 11 is circular in cross section. The headstock 10 with the quill 11 moves along the Z-axis direction when the workpiece is processed.

The driving unit 20 has a motor 21 supported by the base 2 and a feed mechanism 22 along the spindle center line AX1, and moves the spindle base 10 in the Z-axis direction. The motor 21 is a servo motor that can be numerically controlled by the control unit 8. The feed mechanism 22 shown in FIG. 1 is a ball screw in which a screw 23 and a nut 24 are actuated by balls. The screw 23 is arranged along the main shaft center line AX1, and the rear end is connected to the motor 21 via a coupling. Therefore, the screw 23 is driven to rotate by the motor 21 centering on the rotation axis along the spindle center line AX1. The nut 24 is screwed to the screw 23 via a ball, is fixed to the headstock 10, and moves in the Z-axis direction corresponding to the rotation of the screw 23.

The support table 30 supported by the base 2 has a through hole 31 for installing the guide sleeve 32. The guide bush 32 installed on the support table 30 is arranged on the front side S1 of the spindle 12 so that the rod-shaped workpiece W1 passing through the spindle 12 can slide in the Z-axis direction to support the workpiece W1, and is synchronized with the spindle 12 at the center of the spindle The line AX1 is driven to rotate around the center. The guide sleeve 32 is installed in a manner capable of being attached to and detached from the support table 30. With the presence of a guide bush that bears the load generated by machining such as cutting, the deflection of the slender workpiece is suppressed and high-precision machining is performed. When the guide bush shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B is used, the spindle base 10 is driven in such a way that the main shaft 12 moves in the Z-axis direction within the range of the rear side S2 compared to the guide bush 32. On the other hand, if a guide bush is used, the material from the spindle to the guide bush cannot be processed, so the remaining material becomes longer. In addition, because the guide sleeve supports the outer periphery of the workpiece, once the processed workpiece cannot be moved back into the guide sleeve and moved forward again for processing. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, etc., the guide bush 32 can be removed from the support base 30. In this case, in order to shorten the distance from the spindle 12 to the tool base 60, compared with the use of a guide bush, the spindle 12 drives the spindle base 10 to move in the Z-axis direction within the range of the front side S1.

On the support base 30 from which the guide sleeve 32 has been removed, a ring-shaped guide member 40 is detachably provided, and the ring-shaped guide member 40 supports the quill 11 in such a way that the quill 11 can move in the Z-axis direction . The guide member 40 shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, etc. has a through hole 40a into which the quill 11 of the headstock 10 is inserted, and is mounted on the support table 30. The guide member 40 installed on the support base 30 supports the quill 11 so that the quill 11 can slide in the Z-axis direction. A substantially rectangular parallelepiped positioning member 50 that is in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the guide member 40 is also installed on the support table 30. The guide member 40 and the positioning member 50 are installed on the surface of the back side S2 of the support table 30. Furthermore, although the guide member 40 that bears the load generated by machining such as cutting preferably uses a sliding bearing, it is also possible to use various bearings such as rolling bearings.

The tool table 60 is supported by the support table 30, and a plurality of tools T1 are mounted, for example, to be able to move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The tool T1 includes both a fixed tool such as a turning tool fixed in a non-rotatable manner, and a rotating tool that rotates like a rotary drill. In addition, the back spindle base (opposing spindle base) can also be supported by the base 2. The back spindle base (opposing spindle base) is provided with the workpiece W1 inserted in the Z axis direction after the front processing is held in a manner that can be released. The back spindle (opposite spindle).

As shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, etc., two rails 200 are provided on the base 2. The two rails 200 are guide rails for linear motion guidance, and are arranged along the spindle center line AX1 at two positions in the Y-axis direction. Each rail 200 guides the rear bearing 110 and the front bearing 120 in the Z-axis direction. The rear bearing 110 and the front bearing 120 are mounted on the headstock 10. The rail 200 shown in FIG. 2B etc. has a low-rigidity portion 212 whose rigidity is slightly lowered due to the overhang relative to the base 2. The low rigidity portion 212 includes the movement range R2 of the front bearing 120 when the guide member is used as shown in FIG. 4B, and does not include the movement range R1 of the front bearing 120 when the guide member is not used as shown in FIG. 2B. Furthermore, when the base 2 supports the low-rigidity part 212, the low-rigidity part 212 can also be made thinner.

When a guide bush is used, the load generated by machining such as cutting is borne by the guide bush 32. Here, as shown in FIG. 2B etc., the low-rigidity portion 212 of the rail 200 is not within the movement range R1 of the front bearing 120. Therefore, when a guide bush is used, the headstock 10 is supported by the rear bearing 110 and the front bearing 120 with high accuracy.

When the guide bush is not used, the load generated by machining such as cutting is borne by the guide member 40. Here, as shown in FIG. 4B and the like, the guide member 40 provided on the support table 30 also supports the quill 11 of the headstock 10. Although the low-rigidity portion 212 in the rail 200 is extremely small, it is still easily deformed due to the load from the front bearing 120. Therefore, when the guide member is used, the clearance of the front side bearing 120 is large, and the function of the front side bearing 120 to support the headstock 10 is suppressed. Therefore, when a guide bush is not used, the headstock 10 is substantially supported by the rear bearing 110 and the guide member 40 located on the front side S1 of the front bearing 120 with high accuracy.

Furthermore, the main parts such as the base 2, the headstock 10, the driving part 20, the support table 30, the guide sleeve 32, the guide member 40, the positioning member 50, the tool table 60, and the rail 200, may be formed of metal, for example.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the positional relationship of the quill 11, the guide member 40, and the positioning member 50 in the lathe 1 of the guide bushless method. FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the positional relationship between the positioning member 50 and the guide member 40 in the cross-section CS orthogonal to the main axis center line AX1. FIGS. 7A to 7C schematically illustrate the case where the positioning member 50 is mounted on the support table 30.

The guide member 40 has a short substantially cylindrical shape along the center line AX2, and has a circular cross-sectional inner peripheral surface 41 and a circular cross-sectional outer peripheral surface 42 centered on the center line AX2. The diameter of the inner peripheral surface 41 is slightly larger than the diameter of the outer peripheral surface 11a of the quill 11. Thereby, the guide member 40 supports the quill 11 so that the quill 11 can slide in the Z-axis direction. In order to screw the guide member 40 to the support base 30, the guide member 40 has a plurality of screw insertion holes 43. The number of screw insertion holes 43 provided in the guide member 40 is not limited to 10 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and may be 9 or less, or 11 or more. As shown in FIG. 7A, a countersunk hole 43a is formed in each screw insertion hole 43. As shown in FIG. Therefore, the guide member 40 cannot be attached to the support table 30 in an inverted state. On the supporting table 30, screw holes 33 are formed at positions corresponding to the screw insertion holes 43. Each screw hole 33 is threadedly engaged with the screw SC1 passing through the screw insertion hole 43. Furthermore, the countersunk hole 43a is an example of a front/back discriminating part that can discriminate whether the guide member 40 is in a state of being turned over with respect to the support table 30. Here, the state in which the guide member 40 is not turned over means a state in which the countersunk hole 43a faces the opposite side of the support table 30 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7A. The state in which the guide member 40 is turned over is a state in which the Z-axis direction is oriented in a direction opposite to the direction shown in FIG.

The outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 is in contact with the positioning members 50A, 50B. Here, the positioning members 50A and 50B are collectively referred to as the positioning member 50. Hereinafter, when the two positioning members 50A and 50B are described in common, only the positioning member 50 is described. The positioning member 50 has a function of aligning the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 with the main shaft center line AX1 by contacting the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40. In order to screw the positioning member 50 to the support table 30, the positioning member 50 has a plurality of screw insertion holes 53. The number of screw insertion holes 53 provided in the positioning member 50 is not limited to the two shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, but may be three or more. As shown in FIG. 7B, a screw hole 34 is formed at a position corresponding to each screw insertion hole 53 of the support table 30. Each screw hole 34 is screwed with the screw SC2 passing through the screw insertion hole 43.

In the cross-section CS shown in FIG. 6, the positioning member 50 installed on the support table 30 and the guide member 40 installed on the support table 30 are in contact at two contact points P1 and P2, and the two contact points P1 and P2 are in contact with the guide member The center P3 of 40 forms a triangle TR. The center P3 is the intersection of the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 and the cross section CS. The contact point P1 is a contact position between the positioning member 50A and the guide member 40. The contact point P2 is the contact position between the positioning member 50B and the guide member 40. Here, the surface where the contact points P1 and P2 exist in the positioning member 50 is referred to as the contact surface 51. The contact surface 51 is a flat surface. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 and the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 are in linear contact along the center line AX2 of the guide member 40. When viewed in a cross section CS orthogonal to the main axis center line AX1, the outer peripheral surface 42 and the contact surface 51 are in point contact. By making the contact surface 51 a flat surface, the contact position is limited to one point, so that the position of the guide member 40 can be determined with high accuracy.

A triangle TR is formed by the center P3 and the contact points P1 and P2. When the operator presses the unfixed guide member 40 against the positioning member 50, the guide member 40 and the positioning member 50 contact at the contact points P1, P2, and guide The center line AX2 of the member 40 is aligned with the main shaft center line AX1. Here, the inner angle θ of the center P3 of the triangle TR may be greater than 0° and less than 180°, and is preferably 90° to 140°. If the inner angle θ is 90° or more, it is easy to stably press the guide member 40 against both the positioning members 50A and 50B. If the inner angle θ is 140° or less, when the guide member 40 is pressed against the positioning members 50A, 50B, the position of the guide member 40 can be easily determined with high accuracy. Therefore, if the inner angle θ is 90° to 140°, the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 can be positioned on the spindle center line AX1 with higher accuracy.

In addition, since the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 is flat, the two contact points P1 and P2 of the positioning member 50 and the guide member 40 can be easily realized, so that the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 can be easily positioned at the center of the spindle Line AX1.

(3) A specific example of installing the positioning member on the support table: First, referring to FIGS. 7A to 7C, an example of installing the positioning member 50 on the support table 30 of the guide sleeve 32 will be described. Fig. 7A schematically illustrates a case where the guide member 40 is installed in a state where the positioning member 50 is not installed on the support table 30. FIG. 7B schematically illustrates a case where the positioning member 50 is attached to the support table 30 in close contact with the guide member 40. FIG. 7C schematically illustrates a case where the positioning member 50 is fixed to the support table 30.

When installing the positioning member 50 on the support table 30, it is necessary to fix the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 at a position aligned with the main shaft center line AX1. Therefore, the work of installing the positioning member 50 on the support table 30 can be performed by a skilled worker of the lathe manufacturer or the like. Of course, the positioning member 50 can also be installed on the support table 30 by the operator of the lathe. Hereinafter, the person who installs the positioning member 50 on the support stand 30 is referred to as an operator. The operator first arranges the guide member 40 on the outer side of the quill 11, and assumes that the quill 11 penetrates the through hole 40a of the guide member 40. Next, the operator moves the headstock 10 forward, while supporting the guide member 40 by hand, while holding the guide member 40 such that the centerline AX2 of the guide member 40 is aligned with the centerline AX1 of the spindle. This state is shown in Fig. 7A. If an operator inserts the screw SC1 into each screw insertion hole 43 of the guide member 40 and screw it into the screw hole 33 of the support base 30, the guide member 40 is fixed to the support base 30.

After the guide member 40 is fixed, the operator can retreat the headstock 10. Since the guide member 40 is fixed to the support table 30, the operator supports the positioning member 50 with his fingers to hold the positioning member 50 in a state where the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 is in close contact with the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40. This state is shown in Fig. 7B. If the holding state is maintained, the operator inserts the screw SC2 into each screw insertion hole 53 of the positioning member 50, and makes it screw into the screw hole 34 of the support table 30, then the positioning member 50 is shown in FIG. 7C Fixed to the support stand 30.

After that, even when the lathe 1 is set to the guide bushing method, it is not necessary to remove the positioning member 50 from the support table 30. Hereinafter, a specific example of switching between the guide bushing method and the non-guide bushing method will be described.

(4) A specific example of switching between the guide bushing method and the non-guide bushing method: When switching from the guide bushing method shown in Figures 4B, 7C, etc. to the guide bushing method shown in Figure 2B, etc., the operator moves the headstock 10 back, The screw SC1 is removed, the guide member 40 is removed from the support base 30, and the guide bush is mounted on the support base 30. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the positioning member 50 is in a position that does not hinder the movement of the spindle base 10 in the Z-axis direction. Therefore, even if the guide bushing method is used, the positioning member 50 does not need to be removed from the support table 30.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 8A, 8B, 7C, etc., a specific example of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method will be described. Fig. 8A schematically illustrates the situation after the guide sleeve 32 is removed from the support 30. FIG. 8B schematically illustrates a case where the guide member 40 is attached to the support table 30 in close contact with the positioning member 50.

When switching from the guide bushing method shown in Fig. 2B, etc. to the non-guide bushing method shown in Figs. 4B, 7C, etc., the operator performs the following tasks. First, the operator removes the guide sleeve 32 from the support platform 30. This state is shown in Figure 8A. As shown in FIG. 8A, since the positioning member 50 is fixed to the support table 30, the operator holds the guide member 40 by holding the guide member 40 (positioning Step ST1). This state is shown in Fig. 8B. Since the positioning member 50 shown in FIG. 8B remains at the position shown in FIG. 7C and is installed on the support table 30, the position of the guide member 40 shown in FIG. 8B is the same as that shown in FIGS. The position of the guide member 40 installed on the support table 30 in the alignment of the center line AX1 is the same. Therefore, in order to align the centerline AX2 of the guide member 40 with the spindle centerline AX1, it is not necessary to insert the sleeve shaft 11 into the through hole 40a of the guide member 40. If the operator inserts the screw SC1 into each screw insertion hole 43 of the guide member 40 as shown in FIG. 8B and screw it into the screw hole 33 of the support table 30, the positioning member 50 will be centered as shown in FIG. 7C The state where AX2 is aligned with the spindle center line AX1 is fixed to the support 30 (installation step ST2).

Through the above operations, there is no need to push up the heavy guide member 40, which requires a heavy burden accompanied by centering operations. In addition, there is no need to arrange the guide member 40 on the outer side of the quill 11 first. That is, there is no need to perform heavy work every time the guide bushing method is switched to the guide bushless method. Therefore, this specific example can reduce the work of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method. Moreover, it is determined whether the guide member 40 is in a state of being turned over with respect to the support table 30 by the guide member 40 having a countersunk hole 43a, so the operator can install the guide member 40 in a state where the guide member 40 is not turned over with respect to the support table 30. As described above, when the guide member 40 is installed in a state turned over with respect to the support table 30, it is necessary to process the guide member 40 with extremely high precision in order to match the position of the center axis AX2 in the turned state and the unturned state. By having the countersunk hole 43a, the processing of the guide member 40 is not required to have a high precision to the extent that the position of the center axis AX2 in the inverted state and in the non-inverted state are consistent. Therefore, this specific example can reduce the cost of the guide member.

(5) Variations: Various variations can be considered in the present invention. For example, the quill 11 of the main spindle base 10 covers the outer side of the main shaft 12 to the vicinity of the front end of the main shaft 12, but the positional relationship between the quill and the main shaft in the direction of the center line of the main shaft can be changed as appropriate. For example, when the front end of the quill shaft is longer to the front end of the main shaft, a main shaft cover covering the outer side of the main shaft from the front end of the quill shaft to the vicinity of the front end of the main shaft may be installed at the front end of the quill shaft. In order to install the positioning member 50 on the support table 30, an energizing mechanism, such as a spring, that presses the positioning member 50 against the guide member 40 may also be provided on the support table 30. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, when the positioning member 50 is mounted on the guide member 40, the energizing mechanism presses the positioning member 50 against the guide member 40, so the operator can hold the positioning member 50 without holding it by hand. The positioning member 50 is installed on the support table 30.

The positioning member 50 described above is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, but the shape of the positioning member is not limited to a substantially rectangular parallelepiped. 9A to 9C are diagrams schematically showing modified examples of the guide member 40 and the positioning member 50 in the cross section CS orthogonal to the main axis center line AX1. In the following modification examples, the same elements as those in the above examples are given the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions are omitted.

FIG. 9A shows an example in which one positioning member 50 has two contact points P1 and P2. The positioning member 50 shown in FIG. 9A has a contact surface 51A and a contact surface 51B. The contact surface 51A has a contact point P1 and the contact surface 51B has a contact point P2. The two contact surfaces 51A and 51B are included in the contact surface 51 of the present technology. When the contact surfaces 51A and 51B are flat, the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 and the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 are in linear contact along the center line AX2 of the guide member 40. The example shown in FIG. 9A also allows the operator to align the centerline AX2 of the guide member 40 with the spindle centerline AX1 by pressing the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 close to the contact surfaces 51A, 51B of the positioning member 50, so there is no need The heavier burden is accompanied by the work of centering.

9B shows an example in which the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 is a concave curved surface with a curvature radius larger than the curvature radius of the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 in the cross section CS orthogonal to the main axis center line AX1. In this case, the contact surface 51 of the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 and the positioning member 50 is also linearly connected along the center line AX2 of the guide member 40. The example shown in FIG. 9B also aligns the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 with the spindle center line AX1 by the operator placing the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 close to the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50.

9C shows an example in which the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 is circular in the cross section CS orthogonal to the main axis center line AX1. When the positioning member 50 is a substantially cylindrical shape centered on the central axis along the spindle center line AX1, the contact surface 51 between the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 and the positioning member 50 is formed along the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 Connected linearly. When the positioning member 50 is substantially spherical, the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 and the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 are in point contact. In these examples, the operator aligns the centerline AX2 of the guide member 40 with the centerline AX1 of the spindle by pressing the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 close to the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50.

In addition, the inner peripheral surface 41 and the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 are both circular in cross section, but the inner peripheral surface or the outer peripheral surface of the guide member is not limited to the circular cross section. FIG. 10 illustrates the guide member 40 in which the inner peripheral surface 41 and the outer peripheral surface 42 are both non-circular in cross section in the cross section CS orthogonal to the main axis center line AX1.

The inner peripheral surface 41 of the guide member 40 shown in FIG. 10 has a plurality of recesses 41a that are recessed in a direction away from the center line AX2. In this case, since the inner peripheral surface 41 has a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the outer peripheral surface 11a of the quill 11 except for the recess 41a, the guide member 40 can support the quill 11 in a way that can slide in the Z-axis direction.套轴11。 Casing shaft 11.

The outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 shown in FIG. 10 has a quadrilateral cross-section. In this case, by appropriately installing the positioning member 50 on the support table 30, the guide member 40 can be positioned at the position where the positioning member 50 aligns the centerline AX2 with the spindle centerline AX1. FIG. 10 shows that three positioning members 50A, 50B, and 50C are arranged in order to position the guide member 40 with high accuracy. Of course, the three positioning members 50A, 50B, and 50C are included in the positioning member 50 of the present technology.

(6) Summary: As explained above, according to the present invention, through various aspects, it is possible to provide technologies such as lathes that reduce the operation of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method. Of course, even if it is a technology that consists only of the constituent elements of an independent claim, the above-mentioned basic functions and effects can be obtained. In addition, it is also possible to implement a configuration obtained by substituting or modifying the components disclosed in the above examples, and a configuration obtained by substituting or modifying the components disclosed in the known technology and the above examples. The present invention also includes these constitutions and the like.

1: Lathe 2: pedestal 8: Control Department 10: Spindle 10a: body part 11: Casing shaft 11a: Outer peripheral surface 12: Spindle 20: Drive 21: Motor 22: Feed mechanism 23: screw 24: Nut 30: support desk 31: Through hole 32: Guide sleeve 33, 34: screw holes 40: guide member 40a: Through hole 41: inner peripheral surface 41a: recess 42: Outer peripheral surface 43: Screw through hole 43a: countersink 50, 50A, 50B, 50C: positioning member 51, 51A, 51B: contact surface 53: Screw through hole 60: Tool table 110: Rear side bearing 120: Front side bearing 200: Orbit 212: Low rigidity part 910: Spindle 910a: The main body of the headstock 911: Casing shaft 911a: outer peripheral surface 912: Spindle 930: Support Desk 931: Through hole 933: screw hole 940: Guide member 940a: Through hole 941: inner peripheral surface 943: Screw through hole AX1: Spindle center line AX2: Centerline AX91: Spindle centerline AX92: The center line of the guide member CL9: Clearance CS: Profile D1: The direction of the spindle center line P1, P2: contact point P3: Center R1: The movement range of the front bearing when the guide member is not used R2: The moving range of the front bearing when the guide member is used S1: Front side S2: rear side S91: Front side SC1, SC2: Screw SC91: Screw ST1: Positioning steps ST2: Installation steps T1: Tools TR: triangle W1: Workpiece θ: The inner angle of the center of the triangle

Fig. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a partial cross-sectional observation of the main part of the lathe. Figures 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a partial cross-sectional observation of the main part of a lathe set as a guide bushing method and a schematic illustration. Figures 3A and 3B are perspective views schematically illustrating the main parts of the lathe. Figures 4A and 4B are schematic illustrations of the main parts of a lathe set as a guide bushless method through partial cross-sectional observation. Fig. 5 is a schematic, simplified, exemplified perspective view of the main parts of a lathe without a guide bushing. Fig. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the positional relationship between the positioning member and the guide member in a cross section orthogonal to the center line of the main shaft. Fig. 7A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the case where the guide member is installed in the state where the positioning member is not installed on the support base of the guide bush, and Fig. 7B is a schematic illustration of the case where the positioning member is mounted on the support table in close contact with the guide member Cross-sectional view, FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the case where the positioning member is fixed to the support table. Fig. 8A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a situation where the guide sleeve is removed from the support table, and Fig. 8B is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a case where the guide member is mounted on the support table in close contact with the positioning member. 9A to 9C are diagrams schematically showing the modification examples of the guide member and the positioning member in a cross section orthogonal to the center line of the main shaft. Fig. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a modification example of the positioning member and the guide member in a cross section orthogonal to the center line of the main shaft. Fig. 11A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the case where the guide member is installed on the support base of the guide bush in the comparative example, and Fig. 11B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the case where the center line of the guide member deviates from the center line of the spindle in the comparative example.

1: Lathe

10: Spindle

10a: body part

11: Casing shaft

11a: Outer peripheral surface

12: Spindle

30: support desk

40: guide member

40a: Through hole

41: inner peripheral surface

42: Outer peripheral surface

43: Screw through hole

50, 50A, 50B: positioning member

51: contact surface

53: Screw through hole

200: Orbit

AX1: Spindle center line

D1: The direction of the spindle center line

S1: Front side

S2: rear side

SC1: Screw

SC2: Screw

Claims (5)

A lathe is provided with: a spindle, which holds a workpiece; a spindle base, which has a quill shaft arranged on the outer side of the spindle with the center line of the spindle as the center, and supports the spindle in such a way that the spindle can rotate; and a drive part , Which makes the spindle table move in the direction of the spindle centerline; the support table, which is provided with a guide sleeve in a removable manner in front of the spindle, and the guide sleeve supports the workpiece in a manner that enables the workpiece to slide; guide member, It is installed on the support platform from which the guide bushing has been removed, so that the quill can be slid along the center line of the main shaft; and a positioning member is installed on the support platform to enable the guide The centerline of the component is aligned with the centerline of the above-mentioned spindle. The lathe of claim 1, wherein in a cross section orthogonal to the center line of the spindle, the positioning member installed on the supporting table and the guiding member installed on the supporting table are in contact at two contact points. The contact point forms a triangle with the center of the guide member. Such as the lathe of claim 2, wherein the surface on which the contact point exists in the positioning member is a flat surface or a curved surface, and the curved surface is a concave curved surface with a curvature radius greater than that of the outer peripheral surface of the guide member in the cross section. The lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the guide member has a front/back discriminating portion, and the front/back discriminating portion can discriminate whether the guide member is in an inverted state with respect to the support table. A method for installing a guide member of a lathe, the lathe is provided with: a spindle, which holds a workpiece; a spindle base, which has a quill shaft arranged on the outer side of the spindle with the center line of the spindle as the center, and in such a way that the spindle can rotate Support the above-mentioned spindle; the driving part, which moves the spindle base along the direction of the spindle centerline; the support table, which is provided with a guide sleeve in a removable manner in front of the above-mentioned spindle, and the guide sleeve supports the above-mentioned workpiece in a way that can slide The above-mentioned workpiece; and the guide member, which is installed on the above-mentioned support platform from which the above-mentioned guide sleeve has been removed, so that the above-mentioned casing shaft can be slid along the centerline of the above-mentioned main shaft; the guide member installation method of the above-mentioned lathe Including: a positioning step, which is to close the above-mentioned guide member to the positioning member, the positioning member is installed on the above-mentioned support table and the center line of the above-mentioned guide member is aligned with the above-mentioned spindle center line; and the installation step is to tighten The guide member attached to the positioning member is installed on the support platform from which the guide sleeve has been removed.

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