TW202128317A - Lathe and method for attaching guide member thereof - Google Patents
Lathe and method for attaching guide member thereof Download PDFInfo
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- TW202128317A TW202128317A TW109136701A TW109136701A TW202128317A TW 202128317 A TW202128317 A TW 202128317A TW 109136701 A TW109136701 A TW 109136701A TW 109136701 A TW109136701 A TW 109136701A TW 202128317 A TW202128317 A TW 202128317A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B13/00—Arrangements for automatically conveying or chucking or guiding stock
- B23B13/12—Accessories, e.g. stops, grippers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B7/00—Automatic or semi-automatic turning-machines with a single working-spindle, e.g. controlled by cams; Equipment therefor; Features common to automatic and semi-automatic turning-machines with one or more working-spindles
- B23B7/02—Automatic or semi-automatic machines for turning of stock
- B23B7/06—Automatic or semi-automatic machines for turning of stock with sliding headstock
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種能夠切換使用導套之加工方式與不使用導套之加工方式之車床及其引導構件安裝方法。The present invention relates to a lathe capable of switching between a processing method using a guide bushing and a processing method not using a guide bushing, and a guide member installation method thereof.
作為車床,已知有一種主軸移動型車床,其如專利文獻1所示,將以使工件能夠滑動之方式支持工件之導套於主軸之前方安裝於支持台。於使用導套之導套方式之情形時,主軸所固持之工件以能夠滑動之方式由導套支持,於導套之前方由刀具進行加工。另一方面,為了對較短之工件進行加工,有時從支持台卸除導套,並使主軸台較使用導套時向前行進而對工件進行加工。於不使用導套之無導套方式之情形時,由於以使主軸台前部能夠沿主軸中心線方向滑動之方式支持主軸台前部,故使用安裝於支持台之環狀套管軸用導件。套管軸用導件於主軸台之前部供以主軸中心線為中心而配置於主軸之外側之套管軸插入,且安裝於支持台。As a lathe, there is known a spindle-moving type lathe. As shown in
車床之操作員從導套方式切換為無導套方式時,從支持台卸除導套,先將套管軸用導件配置於套管軸之外側,並使主軸台向前行進,再利用螺絲將套管軸用導件安裝於支持台。此處,若套管軸用導件之安裝位置改變,則會影響工件之加工精度,因此操作員進行定心,即,使套管軸用導件之中心線與主軸中心線對準。因此,操作員每次從導套方式切換為無導套方式時都要進行伴隨著定心之作業。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]When the operator of the lathe switches from the guide bushing mode to the non-guide bushing mode, remove the guide bushing from the support table, first dispose the guide for the casing shaft on the outside of the casing shaft, and make the headstock move forward, and then use Install the guide for the quill shaft on the support table with screws. Here, if the installation position of the quill guide is changed, the machining accuracy of the workpiece will be affected. Therefore, the operator performs centering, that is, aligns the center line of the quill guide with the center line of the spindle. Therefore, every time the operator switches from the guide bushing mode to the non-guide bushing mode, the work accompanied by centering must be performed. [Prior technical literature] [Patent literature]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2016-144843號公報[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-144843
[發明所欲解決之問題][The problem to be solved by the invention]
套管軸用導件由於以使套管軸能夠滑動之方式支持套管軸,故成為大於套管軸之環狀形狀且有重量。因此,一面將配置於套管軸外側之套管軸用導件向上推一面將其安裝於支持台等伴隨著定心之套管軸用導件之安裝作業對於操作員而言負擔較大。The guide for the quill supports the quill so that it can slide, so it has an annular shape larger than that of the quill and is heavy. Therefore, the installation work of the guide for the quill along with centering while pushing up the guide for the quill arranged on the outer side of the quill and installing it on a support table is a heavy burden on the operator.
本發明揭示一種能夠減輕從導套方式切換為無導套方式之作業的車床及其引導構件安裝方法。 [解決問題之技術手段]The invention discloses a lathe capable of reducing the work of switching from a guide sleeve mode to a guide sleeveless mode and a guide member installation method thereof. [Technical means to solve the problem]
本發明之車床具有如下態樣,即,其具備: 主軸,其固持工件; 主軸台,其具有以主軸中心線為中心而配置於上述主軸之外側之套管軸,並以使上述主軸能夠旋轉之方式支持上述主軸; 驅動部,其使該主軸台沿主軸中心線方向移動; 支持台,其於上述主軸之前方以可裝卸之方式設置有導套,該導套以使上述工件能夠滑動之方式支持上述工件; 引導構件,其安裝於已卸除上述導套之上述支持台,以使上述套管軸能夠沿上述主軸中心線方向滑動之方式支持上述套管軸;及 定位構件,其安裝於上述支持台,使上述引導構件之中心線與上述主軸中心線對準。The lathe of the present invention has the following aspects, that is, it is equipped with: a spindle, which holds a workpiece; a spindle base, which has a quill shaft arranged on the outside of the spindle with the centerline of the spindle as the center, so that the spindle can rotate The above-mentioned spindle is supported by the above-mentioned method; the driving part moves the spindle table along the direction of the spindle centerline; the supporting table is provided with a guide sleeve in a removable manner in front of the above-mentioned spindle, and the guide sleeve enables the above-mentioned workpiece to slide. The above-mentioned workpiece is supported by the method; the guide member, which is installed on the support platform from which the above-mentioned guide sleeve has been removed, so that the above-mentioned casing shaft can be slid in the direction of the centerline of the above-mentioned spindle; and the positioning member, which is installed On the support table, the center line of the guide member is aligned with the center line of the main shaft.
又,本發明之車床之引導構件安裝方法具有如下態樣,即,上述車床具備: 主軸,其固持工件; 主軸台,其具有以主軸中心線為中心而配置於上述主軸之外側之套管軸,以使上述主軸能夠旋轉之方式支持上述主軸; 驅動部,其使該主軸台沿主軸中心線方向移動; 支持台,其於上述主軸之前方以可裝卸之方式設置有導套,該導套以使上述工件能夠滑動之方式支持上述工件;及 引導構件,其安裝於已卸除上述導套之上述支持台,以使上述套管軸能夠沿上述主軸中心線方向滑動之方式支持上述套管軸;且 上述車床之引導構件安裝方法包括: 定位步驟,其係將上述引導構件緊貼定位構件,該定位構件係安裝於上述支持台者且使上述引導構件之中心線與上述主軸中心線對準;及 安裝步驟,其係將緊貼上述定位構件之上述引導構件安裝於已卸除上述導套之上述支持台。 [發明之效果]In addition, the guide member installation method of the lathe of the present invention has the following aspects. That is, the lathe has: a spindle, which holds the workpiece; , To support the above spindle in such a way that the above spindle can be rotated; the driving part, which moves the spindle base in the direction of the spindle centerline; the support table, which is provided with a guide sleeve in a removable manner before the above spindle, the guide sleeve Support the above-mentioned workpiece in such a way that the above-mentioned workpiece can be slid; and a guide member which is installed on the above-mentioned support table from which the above-mentioned guide sleeve has been removed, so that the above-mentioned sleeve shaft can be slid in the direction of the center line of the above-mentioned spindle to support the above-mentioned sleeve Shaft; and the method for installing the guide member of the lathe includes: a positioning step, which is to close the guide member to the positioning member, the positioning member is installed on the support table and the center line of the guide member is aligned with the center line of the spindle Standard; and the installation step, which is to install the guide member close to the positioning member on the support platform from which the guide sleeve has been removed. [Effects of the invention]
根據本發明,能夠提供一種減輕從導套方式切換為無導套方式之作業的車床。According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lathe that reduces the work of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method.
以下,對本發明之實施形態進行說明。當然,以下實施形態僅為例示本發明者,並一定實施形態所示之全部特徵對於發明之解決手段而言皆為必需。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. Of course, the following embodiments are only examples of the present inventors, and all the features shown in the embodiments must be necessary for the solution of the invention.
(1)本發明所包含之技術之概要: 首先,參照圖示之例對本發明所包含之技術之概要進行說明。再者,本申請案之圖係模式性地示出例之圖,有時該等圖中所示之各方向之放大率不同,或各圖未統一。當然,本技術之各要素並不限定於符號所示之具體例。 又,本申請案中,數值範圍「Min~Max」意指最小值Min以上且最大值Max以下。(1) Outline of the technology included in the present invention: First, the outline of the technology included in the present invention will be described with reference to the example shown in the figure. Furthermore, the drawings in this application are diagrams schematically showing examples, and the magnification ratios in each direction shown in these drawings may be different, or the drawings may not be unified. Of course, each element of the present technology is not limited to the specific examples shown by the symbols. In addition, in this application, the numerical range "Min~Max" means the minimum value Min above and the maximum value Max below.
[態樣1] 本技術之一態樣之車床1如圖1、5等所例示,具備:固持工件W1之主軸12、主軸台10、驅動部20、支持台30、引導構件40、及定位構件50。上述主軸台10具有以主軸中心線AX1為中心而配置於上述主軸12之外側之套管軸11,以使上述主軸12能夠旋轉之方式支持上述主軸12。上述驅動部20使上述主軸台10沿主軸中心線方向D1移動。於上述支持台30,於上述主軸12之前方以可裝卸之方式設置有導套32,該導套32以使上述工件W1能夠滑動之方式支持上述工件W1。上述引導構件40安裝於已卸除上述導套32之上述支持台30,以使上述套管軸11能夠沿上述主軸中心線方向D1滑動之方式支持上述套管軸11。上述定位構件50安裝於上述支持台30,使上述引導構件40之中心線AX2與上述主軸中心線AX1對準。[Aspect 1] A
圖11A、11B係模式性地表示於無定位構件之比較例之車床中從導套方式切換為無導套方式之作業的剖視圖。圖11A表示於已卸除導套之支持台930安裝有環狀引導構件940之情況。 設置於主軸台910之套管軸911係由引導構件940所支持之大致圓筒狀構件,以主軸中心線AX91為中心而配置於主軸912之外側,從主軸台910之本體部910a向前側S91延出。具有套管軸911之主軸台910於工件加工時在沿著主軸中心線AX91之Z軸方向上移動。因此,引導構件940需以使套管軸911能夠沿Z軸方向滑動之方式支持套管軸911,於引導構件940之內周面941與套管軸911之外周面911a之間設置有少許間隙。11A and 11B are cross-sectional views schematically showing the operation of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method in a lathe of a comparative example without positioning members. FIG. 11A shows a situation where the ring-
車床之操作員於在支持台930安裝有引導構件940時進行以下之伴隨著定心之作業。 首先,操作員為了使引導構件940之中心線AX92與主軸中心線AX91對準,而首先於套管軸911之外側配置引導構件940,設為套管軸911穿入引導構件940之貫通孔940a之狀態。其次,操作員使主軸台910向前行進,設為套管軸911之一部分插入支持台930之貫通孔931之狀態。進而,操作員一面用手支撐引導構件940,一面以使引導構件940之中心線AX92與主軸中心線AX91對準之方式保持引導構件940。若一面保持該狀態,一面由操作員向引導構件940之螺絲插通孔943中插入螺絲SC91並使其與支持台930之螺絲孔933螺合,則將引導構件940固定於支持台930。操作員每次從導套方式切換為無導套方式時都需進行上述作業。The operator of the lathe performs the following work accompanied by centering when the
此處,若如圖11A所示,於引導構件940之中心線AX92偏離主軸中心線AX91之狀態下螺固引導構件940,則如圖11B所示,被固定之引導構件940之內周面941與套管軸911之外周面911a之間的間隙產生偏差。圖11A、11B中表示出:引導構件940之中心線AX92向下側偏離了主軸中心線AX91,其結果,於套管軸911之下側,引導構件940之內周面941與套管軸911之外周面911a之間產生相對較寬之間隙CL9。若引導構件940之中心線AX92偏離主軸中心線AX91,則會影響工件之加工精度。然而,引導構件940由於以使套管軸911能夠滑動之方式支持套管軸911,故成為大於套管軸之環狀形狀且有重量。因此,一面進行引導構件940之定心一面將引導構件940安裝於支持台930之作業對於操作員而言負擔較大。又,因每次從導套方式切換為無導套方式時都需進行相同之作業,故存在如下情況:引導構件940之安裝位置每次改變少許,安裝位置之不同影響工件之加工精度。Here, if the
另一方面,本技術之上述態樣1中,車床1之操作員於已卸除導套32之支持台30安裝引導構件40時,可藉由定位構件50使引導構件40之中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準。藉此,無需每次都進行將有重量之引導構件40向上推等負擔較大之伴隨著定心之作業,亦無需每次都進行先將引導構件40配置於套管軸11之外側之作業。因此,上述態樣1能夠提供一種車床,其減輕從導套方式切換為無導套方式之作業。On the other hand, in the
此處,定位構件之數量可為1個,亦可為2個以上。該附言亦適用於以下態樣。Here, the number of positioning members may be one, or two or more. The postscript also applies to the following aspects.
[態樣2] 如圖6所例示,在與上述主軸中心線AX1正交之剖面CS中,安裝於上述支持台30之上述定位構件50與安裝於上述支持台30之上述引導構件40亦可於2處接觸點P1、P2相接觸,該2處接觸點P1、P2與上述引導構件40之中心P3形成三角形TR。藉此,當操作員將引導構件40壓抵於定位構件50時,引導構件40與定位構件50於2處接觸點P1、P2相接觸,引導構件40之中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準。因此,本態樣可高精度地將引導構件之中心線定位於主軸中心線。 此處,引導構件與定位構件於與主軸中心線正交之剖面中在2處接觸點相接觸即可,亦可整體上呈線狀接觸。於剖面中在接觸點相接觸,設計上意指呈點狀接觸,包括因引導構件或定位構件之形狀誤差等而呈線狀接觸之情況。該等附言亦適用於以下態樣。[Aspect 2] As shown in FIG. 6, in the cross-section CS orthogonal to the spindle center line AX1, the positioning
[態樣3] 如圖6、9A、9B等所例示,上述定位構件50中存在上述接觸點P1、P2之面(例如接觸面51)可為平面或曲面,該曲面為上述剖面CS中曲率半徑大於上述引導構件40之外周面42之曲率半徑的凹陷之曲面。該態樣由於可容易地實現定位構件50與引導構件40之2處接觸點P1、P2,故可容易地將引導構件之中心線定位於主軸中心線。[Aspect 3] As illustrated in FIGS. 6, 9A, 9B, etc., the surface of the positioning
[態樣4] 如圖7A、8B所例示,上述引導構件40亦可具有正面/背面判別部(例如埋頭孔43a),該正面/背面判別部能夠判別上述引導構件40是否為相對於上述支持台30翻轉之狀態。於引導構件40以相對於支持台30翻轉之狀態被安裝之情形時,翻轉狀態下之引導構件40之中心軸AX2的位置與未翻轉狀態下之引導構件40之中心軸AX2的位置可能略微偏移。為了使翻轉狀態與未翻轉狀態下之中心軸AX2之位置一致,需要極高精度地加工引導構件40。本態樣由於藉由正面/背面判別部(43a)來判別引導構件40是否為相對於支持台30翻轉之狀態,故操作員可將引導構件40以相對於支持台30未翻轉之狀態安裝。於此情形時,並不對引導構件40之加工要求使翻轉狀態與未翻轉狀態下之中心軸AX2之位置一致之程度的高精度。因此,本態樣可使引導構件之成本降低。 此處,正面/背面判別部並不限定於埋頭孔,亦可為用以掌握引導構件之正面背面之標記等。[Aspect 4] As illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 8B, the
[態樣5] 且說,本技術之一態樣之車床1之引導構件安裝方法包括以下步驟(a)、(b)。 (a)定位步驟ST1,其係將上述引導構件40緊貼定位構件50,該位構件50係安裝於上述支持台30者且使上述引導構件40之中心線AX2與上述主軸中心線AX1對準。 (b)安裝步驟ST2,其係將緊貼上述定位構件50之上述引導構件40安裝於已卸除上述導套32之上述支持台30。[Aspect 5] Moreover, the guide member installation method of the
上述態樣5中,車床1之操作員藉由將引導構件40緊貼定位構件50,該定位構件50安裝於已卸除導套32之支持台30,從而可使引導構件40之中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準。於該狀態下,操作員可將引導構件40安裝於支持台30。藉此,無需每次都進行將有重量之引導構件40向上推等負擔較大之伴隨著定心之作業,亦無需每次都進行先將引導構件40配置於套管軸11之外側之作業。因此,上述態樣5能夠提供一種減輕從導套方式切換為無導套方式之作業的車床之引導構件安裝方法。In the above aspect 5, the operator of the
(2)車床之具體例: 圖1對設為導套方式之車床1之主要部分進行局部剖面觀察並模式性地例示。圖2A從上方對設為導套方式之車床1之主要部分進行局部剖面觀察並模式性地例示。圖2B從Y軸方向對設為導套方式之車床1之主要部分進行局部剖面觀察並模式性地例示。圖3A模式性地簡化例示出設為導套方式之車床1之主要部分。圖3B模式性地簡化例示出設為無導套方式之車床1之主要部分。圖4A從上方對設為無導套方式之車床1之主要部分進行局部剖面觀察並模式性地例示。圖4B從Y軸方向對設為無導套方式之車床1之主要部分進行局部剖面觀察並模式性地例示。圖2A、2B及圖4A、4B中,以實線表示主軸台10之前端位置,以二點鏈線表示主軸台10之後端位置。 再者,主軸中心線AX1表示主軸12旋轉之中心線,主軸中心線方向D1表示沿著主軸中心線AX1之方向。主軸中心線方向D1包括朝向前側S1之方向與朝向後側S2之方向兩者。Z軸方向表示沿著主軸中心線方向D1之控制軸之朝向,X軸方向表示沿著與Z軸方向正交之鉛直方向的控制軸之朝向,Y軸方向表示沿著與Z軸方向正交之水平方向的控制軸之朝向。X軸方向、Y軸方向及Z軸方向只要為互不相同之方向即可,就易移動控制之方面而言,較佳為實質上正交,但亦可為例如以45°以下之角度偏離正交之方向的方向。(2) Specific examples of lathes: Fig. 1 shows a partial cross-sectional observation of the main parts of the
圖1等所示之車床1係具備基座2、控制部8、主軸台10、驅動部20、支持台30、及刀具台60等之主軸移動型車床。基座2亦被稱為台座或工作台等,構成支持驅動部20、支持台30等之基礎部分。The
控制部8控制主軸台10、驅動部20、刀具台60等之動作。控制部8可使用公知之數值控制裝置。數值控制裝置具備:作為處理器之CPU (Central Processing Unit,中央處理單元)、作為半導體記憶體之ROM(Read Only Memory,唯讀記憶體)、作為半導體記憶體之RAM(Random Access Memory,隨機存取記憶體)、定時器電路、及介面等。於ROM中寫入有用以解釋並執行加工程式之控制程式。於RAM中以能夠覆寫之方式記憶有由操作員所編寫之加工程式。CPU藉由使用RAM作為工件區域,並執行記錄於ROM之控制程式,從而實現數值控制裝置之功能。當然,亦可藉由ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,特殊應用積體電路)等其他機構實現上述功能之一部分或全部。The
設置於主軸台10之主軸12將沿Z軸方向插入之圓柱狀(棒狀)工件W1以能夠放開之方式固持,使工件W1以沿著工件W1之長度方向之主軸中心線AX1為中心旋轉。主軸台10設為以使主軸12能以主軸中心線AX1為中心旋轉之方式支持主軸12,且能夠沿Z軸方向移動。於主軸台10之前部設置有筒狀套管軸11,其以使主軸12能以主軸中心線AX1為中心旋轉之方式支持主軸12。設置於主軸台10之套管軸11係不使用導套32時由引導構件40所支持之大致圓筒狀構件,以主軸中心線AX1為中心而配置於主軸12之外側,從主軸台10之本體部10a向前側S1延出。如圖3A、3B等所示,套管軸11之外周面11a設為剖面圓形。具有套管軸11之主軸台10於工件加工時沿Z軸方向移動。The
驅動部20具有由基座2所支持之馬達21、及沿著主軸中心線AX1之進給機構22,使主軸台10沿Z軸方向移動。馬達21係可由控制部8數值控制之伺服馬達。圖1所示之進給機構22係螺桿23與螺帽24經由滾珠作動之滾珠螺桿。螺桿23沿著主軸中心線AX1配置,後端經由聯軸器而連接於馬達21。因此,螺桿23以沿著主軸中心線AX1之旋轉軸為中心由馬達21旋轉驅動。螺帽24經由滾珠與螺桿23螺合,被固定於主軸台10,與螺桿23之旋轉對應地沿Z軸方向移動。The driving
由基座2所支持之支持台30具有用以安裝導套32之貫通孔31。安裝於支持台30之導套32配置於較主軸12更靠前側S1,以使貫通主軸12之棒狀工件W1能夠沿Z軸方向滑動之方式支持工件W1,與主軸12同步地以主軸中心線AX1為中心被旋轉驅動。導套32以能夠相對於支持台30裝卸之方式設置。藉由存在承受因切削等加工所產生之負荷之導套,抑制細長工件之撓曲而進行高精度之加工。使用圖2A、2B等所示之導套時,以主軸12在相較於導套32更靠後側S2之範圍內沿Z軸方向移動之方式驅動主軸台10。另一方面,若使用導套,則無法對主軸至導套為止之材料進行加工,故剩餘材料變長。又,導套因支持工件之外周,故一旦加工過之工件便無法使其後退至導套內並再次向前行進來進行加工。因此,如圖4A、4B等所示,可從支持台30卸除導套32。於此情形時,為了縮短從主軸12至刀具台60之距離,故與使用導套時相較,主軸12於成為前側S1之範圍內沿Z軸方向移動之方式驅動主軸台10。The support table 30 supported by the
於已卸除導套32之支持台30,以可裝卸之方式設置有環狀引導構件40,該環狀引導構件40以使套管軸11能夠沿Z軸方向移動之方式支持套管軸11。圖4A、4B等所示之引導構件40具有供主軸台10之套管軸11插入之貫通孔40a,且安裝於支持台30。安裝於支持台30之引導構件40以使套管軸11能夠沿Z軸方向滑動之方式支持套管軸11。於支持台30亦安裝有與引導構件40之外周面相接觸之大致長方體之定位構件50。引導構件40及定位構件50安裝於支持台30之後側S2之面。 再者,雖承受因切削等加工所產生之負荷之引導構件40較佳為使用滑動軸承,但亦能夠使用滾動軸承等各種軸承。On the
刀具台60由支持台30支持,安裝有複數個工具T1,例如設為能夠沿X軸方向及Y軸方向移動。工具T1包含以無法旋轉之方式固定之車刀等固定工具、及如旋轉鑽般旋轉之旋轉工具兩者。 再者,背面主軸台(對向主軸台)亦可由基座2支持,該背面主軸台(對向主軸台)設置有將沿Z軸方向插入之正面加工後之工件W1以能夠解除之方式固持之背面主軸(對向主軸)。The tool table 60 is supported by the support table 30, and a plurality of tools T1 are mounted, for example, to be able to move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The tool T1 includes both a fixed tool such as a turning tool fixed in a non-rotatable manner, and a rotating tool that rotates like a rotary drill. In addition, the back spindle base (opposing spindle base) can also be supported by the
如圖2A、2B等所示,於基座2設置有2條軌道200。2條軌道200係線性運動引導用之導軌,於Y軸方向上之2處沿著主軸中心線AX1配置。各軌道200將後側軸承110及前側軸承120沿Z軸方向引導。後側軸承110及前側軸承120安裝於主軸台10。圖2B等所示之軌道200具有因相對於基座2懸突而剛性略微降低之低剛性部分212。低剛性部分212包含圖4B所示之使用引導構件時之前側軸承120之移動範圍R2,不包含圖2B所示之不使用引導構件時之前側軸承120之移動範圍R1。 再者,於以基座2支持低剛性部分212之情形時,亦可使低剛性部分212變細。As shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, etc., two
使用導套時,因切削等加工所產生之負荷由導套32承受。此處,如圖2B等所示,軌道200之低剛性部分212並不在前側軸承120之移動範圍R1內。因此,使用導套時,利用後側軸承110與前側軸承120高精度地支持主軸台10。When a guide bush is used, the load generated by machining such as cutting is borne by the
不使用導套時,因切削等加工所產生之負荷由引導構件40承受。此處,如圖4B等所示,於設置在支持台30之引導構件40亦支持主軸台10之套管軸11。軌道200中之低剛性部分212雖然極少,但仍容易因來自前側軸承120之負重而變形。因此,使用引導構件時之前側軸承120之遊隙較大,前側軸承120之支持主軸台10之功能受到抑制。因此,不使用導套時,實質上由後側軸承110與位於較前側軸承120更靠前側S1之引導構件40高精度地支持主軸台10。When the guide bush is not used, the load generated by machining such as cutting is borne by the
再者,基座2、主軸台10、驅動部20、支持台30、導套32、引導構件40、定位構件50、刀具台60、軌道200等主要部分例如可由金屬形成。Furthermore, the main parts such as the
圖5模式性地例示設為無導套方式之車床1中,套管軸11、引導構件40、及定位構件50之位置關係。圖6模式性地例示在與主軸中心線AX1正交之剖面CS中定位構件50與引導構件40之位置關係。圖7A~7C模式性地例示將定位構件50安裝於支持台30之情況。FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the positional relationship of the
引導構件40係沿著中心線AX2之較短之大致圓筒形狀,以中心線AX2為中心,具有剖面圓形之內周面41及剖面圓形之外周面42。內周面41之直徑略大於套管軸11之外周面11a之直徑。藉此,引導構件40以使套管軸11能夠沿Z軸方向滑動之方式支持套管軸11。為了將引導構件40螺固於支持台30,引導構件40具有複數個螺絲插通孔43。設置於引導構件40之螺絲插通孔43之數量並不限定於圖5、6所示之10個,亦可為9個以下,還可為11個以上。如圖7A所示,於各螺絲插通孔43形成有埋頭孔43a。因此,引導構件40無法以翻轉狀態安裝於支持台30。於支持台30,於與各螺絲插通孔43相對應之位置形成有螺絲孔33。各螺絲孔33與通過螺絲插通孔43之螺絲SC1螺合。 再者,埋頭孔43a係能夠判別引導構件40是否為相對於支持台30翻轉之狀態之正面/背面判別部之例。此處,引導構件40未翻轉之狀態意指如圖5、7A等所示埋頭孔43a朝向與支持台30相反側之狀態。引導構件40翻轉之狀態係於Z軸方向上朝向與圖7A等所示之方向相反之方向的狀態,意指埋頭孔43a朝向支持台30之狀態。The
引導構件40之外周面42與定位構件50A、50B接觸。此處,將定位構件50A、50B統稱為定位構件50。以下,於對兩定位構件50A、50B進行共通之說明之情形時,僅記載為定位構件50。定位構件50具有藉由接觸引導構件40之外周面42而使引導構件40之中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準之功能。為了將定位構件50螺固於支持台30,定位構件50具有複數個螺絲插通孔53。設置於定位構件50之螺絲插通孔53之數量並不限定於圖5、6所示之2個,亦可為3個以上。如圖7B所示,於支持台30之與各螺絲插通孔53相對應之位置形成有螺絲孔34。各螺絲孔34與通過螺絲插通孔43之螺絲SC2螺合。The outer
圖6所示之剖面CS中,安裝於支持台30之定位構件50與安裝於支持台30之引導構件40於2處接觸點P1、P2相接觸,該2處接觸點P1、P2與引導構件40之中心P3形成三角形TR。中心P3係引導構件40之中心線AX2與剖面CS之交點。接觸點P1為定位構件50A與引導構件40之接觸部位。接觸點P2為定位構件50B與引導構件40之接觸部位。 此處,將定位構件50中存在接觸點P1、P2之面稱為接觸面51。接觸面51為平面。因此,引導構件40之外周面42與定位構件50之接觸面51沿著引導構件40之中心線AX2呈線狀相接。若以與主軸中心線AX1正交之剖面CS進行觀察,則外周面42與接觸面51呈點狀接觸。藉由使接觸面51為平面,接觸之位置被限定於1點,從而能以高精度決定引導構件40之位置。In the cross-section CS shown in FIG. 6, the positioning
藉由中心P3與接觸點P1、P2形成三角形TR,當操作員將未經固定之引導構件40壓抵於定位構件50時,引導構件40與定位構件50於接觸點P1、P2相接觸,引導構件40之中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準。此處,三角形TR之中心P3之內角θ只要大於0°且小於180°即可,較佳為90°~140°。若內角θ為90°以上,則易於將引導構件40穩定地壓抵於定位構件50A、50B兩者。若內角θ為140°以下,則於將引導構件40壓抵於定位構件50A、50B時,易於高精度地決定引導構件40之位置。因此,若內角θ為90°~140°,則可將引導構件40之中心線AX2更高精度地定位於主軸中心線AX1。A triangle TR is formed by the center P3 and the contact points P1 and P2. When the operator presses the
又,藉由定位構件50之接觸面51為平面,可容易地實現定位構件50與引導構件40之2處接觸點P1、P2,從而可容易地將引導構件40之中心線AX2定位於主軸中心線AX1。In addition, since the
(3)將定位構件安裝於支持台之具體例: 首先,參照圖7A~7C,對在導套32之支持台30安裝定位構件50之例進行說明。 圖7A模式性地例示於支持台30未安裝定位構件50之狀態下安裝引導構件40之情況。圖7B模式性地例示將定位構件50緊貼引導構件40地安裝於支持台30之情況。圖7C模式性地例示定位構件50固定於支持台30之情況。(3) A specific example of installing the positioning member on the support table: First, referring to FIGS. 7A to 7C, an example of installing the positioning
於將定位構件50安裝於支持台30時,需要將引導構件40之中心線AX2固定於與主軸中心線AX1對準之位置。因此,將定位構件50安裝於支持台30之作業可由車床製造商之熟練工等進行。當然,亦可由車床之操作員將定位構件50安裝於支持台30。以下,將使定位構件50安裝於支持台30之人稱為作業人員。 作業人員首先於套管軸11之外側配置引導構件40,設為套管軸11穿入引導構件40之貫通孔40a之狀態。其次,作業人員使主軸台10向前行進,一面用手支撐引導構件40,一面以引導構件40之中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準之方式保持引導構件40。該狀態示於圖7A。若作業人員於引導構件40之各螺絲插通孔43中插入螺絲SC1並使其等螺合於支持台30之螺絲孔33,則引導構件40固定於支持台30。When installing the positioning
將引導構件40固定後,作業人員可使主軸台10後退。由於引導構件40固定於支持台30,故作業人員用手指支撐定位構件50,以將定位構件50之接觸面51緊貼引導構件40之外周面42之狀態保持定位構件50。該狀態示於圖7B。若維持該保持狀態不變,作業人員向定位構件50之各螺絲插通孔53中插入螺絲SC2,並使其等螺合於支持台30之螺絲孔34,則如圖7C所示定位構件50固定於支持台30。After the
其後,即便於將車床1設為導套方式之情形時,亦無需從支持台30卸除定位構件50。以下,對切換導套方式與無導套方式之具體例進行說明。After that, even when the
(4)切換導套方式與無導套方式之具體例: 從圖4B、7C等所示之無導套方式切換為圖2B等所示之導套方式時,操作員使主軸台10後退,取下螺絲SC1而從支持台30卸除引導構件40,將導套安裝於支持台30。如圖2A、2B所示,定位構件50處於不妨礙主軸台10沿Z軸方向移動之位置,故即便為導套方式,亦無需從支持台30卸除定位構件50。(4) A specific example of switching between the guide bushing method and the non-guide bushing method: When switching from the guide bushing method shown in Figures 4B, 7C, etc. to the guide bushing method shown in Figure 2B, etc., the operator moves the
繼而,參照圖8A、8B、7C等,對從導套方式切換為無導套方式之具體例進行說明。 圖8A模式性地例示從支持台30卸除導套32後之情況。圖8B模式性地例示將引導構件40緊貼定位構件50地安裝於支持台30之情況。Next, with reference to FIGS. 8A, 8B, 7C, etc., a specific example of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method will be described. Fig. 8A schematically illustrates the situation after the
從圖2B等所示之導套方式切換為圖4B、7C等所示之無導套方式時,操作員進行以下作業。 首先,操作員從支持台30卸除導套32。該狀態示於圖8A所。如圖8A所示,由於定位構件50固定於支持台30,故操作員手持引導構件40,以將引導構件40之外周面42緊貼定位構件50之接觸面51之狀態保持引導構件40(定位步驟ST1)。該狀態示於圖8B。圖8B所示之定位構件50由於保持於圖7C所示之位置安裝於支持台30不變,故圖8B所示之引導構件40之位置與如圖7A、7B所示以中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準之方式安裝於支持台30之引導構件40之位置相同。因此,無需為了使引導構件40之中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準而向引導構件40之貫通孔40a中插入套管軸11。若如圖8B所示操作員向引導構件40之各螺絲插通孔43中插入螺絲SC1並使其等螺合於支持台30之螺絲孔33,則定位構件50以如圖7C所示中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準之狀態固定於支持台30(安裝步驟ST2)。When switching from the guide bushing method shown in Fig. 2B, etc. to the non-guide bushing method shown in Figs. 4B, 7C, etc., the operator performs the following tasks. First, the operator removes the
藉由以上操作,無需將有重量之引導構件40向上推等負擔較大之伴隨著定心之作業。又,亦無需先將引導構件40配置於套管軸11之外側之作業。即,無需每次從導套方式切換為無導套方式時都進行負擔較大之作業。因此,本具體例可減輕從導套方式切換為無導套方式之作業。 又,藉由引導構件40具有埋頭孔43a而判別引導構件40是否為相對於支持台30翻轉之狀態,故操作員可將引導構件40以相對於支持台30未翻轉之狀態安裝。如上所述,於將引導構件40以相對於支持台30翻轉之狀態安裝之情形時,為了使翻轉狀態與未翻轉狀態下之中心軸AX2之位置一致,需要極高精度地加工引導構件40。藉由具有埋頭孔43a,並不對引導構件40之加工要求使翻轉狀態與未翻轉狀態下之中心軸AX2的位置一致之程度的高精度。因此,本具體例可使引導構件之成本降低。Through the above operations, there is no need to push up the
(5)變化例: 本發明可考慮各種變化例。 例如,上述主軸台10之套管軸11覆蓋主軸12之外側直至主軸12之前端附近,但主軸中心線方向上之套管軸與主軸之位置關係可適當變更。例如,於套管軸之前端至主軸之前端較長之情形時,亦可將從套管軸之前端至主軸之前端附近覆蓋主軸之外側的主軸罩安裝於套管軸之前端。 為了於支持台30安裝定位構件50,亦可將使定位構件50向引導構件40壓抵之賦能機構、例如彈簧設置於支持台30。於此情形時,如圖7B、7C所示,將定位構件50安裝於引導構件40時賦能機構將定位構件50壓抵於引導構件40,故作業人員即便不用手保持定位構件50亦能夠將定位構件50安裝於支持台30。(5) Variations: Various variations can be considered in the present invention. For example, the
上述定位構件50為大致長方體,但定位構件之形狀並不限定於大致長方體。圖9A~9C係模式性地表示與主軸中心線AX1正交之剖面CS中引導構件40及定位構件50之變化例的圖。以下變化例中,對與上述例相同之要素標註相同符號並省略詳細說明。The positioning
圖9A表示1個定位構件50具有2處接觸點P1、P2之例。圖9A所示之定位構件50具有接觸面51A及接觸面51B,該接觸面51A具有接觸點P1,該接觸面51B具有接觸點P2。兩個接觸面51A、51B包含於本技術之接觸面51。於接觸面51A、51B為平面之情形時,引導構件40之外周面42與定位構件50之接觸面51沿著引導構件40之中心線AX2呈線狀相接。圖9A所示之例亦係藉由操作員將引導構件40之外周面42緊貼定位構件50之接觸面51A、51B而使引導構件40之中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準,故無需負擔較大之伴隨著定心之作業。FIG. 9A shows an example in which one
圖9B表示與主軸中心線AX1正交之剖面CS中將定位構件50之接觸面51設為曲率半徑大於引導構件40之外周面42之曲率半徑的凹陷之曲面之例。於此情形時,引導構件40之外周面42與定位構件50之接觸面51沿著引導構件40之中心線AX2亦呈線狀相接。圖9B所示之例亦係藉由操作員將引導構件40之外周面42緊貼定位構件50之接觸面51而使引導構件40之中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準。9B shows an example in which the
圖9C表示與主軸中心線AX1正交之剖面CS中將定位構件50之接觸面51設為圓形之例。於定位構件50為以沿著主軸中心線AX1之中心軸為中心之大致圓柱狀之情形時,引導構件40之外周面42與定位構件50之接觸面51沿著引導構件40之中心線AX2呈線狀相接。於定位構件50為大致球狀之情形時,引導構件40之外周面42與定位構件50之接觸面51呈點狀相接。該等例亦係藉由操作員將引導構件40之外周面42緊貼定位構件50之接觸面51而使引導構件40之中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準。9C shows an example in which the
又,上述引導構件40係內周面41與外周面42均為剖面圓形,但引導構件之內周面或外周面並不限定於剖面圓形。圖10例示出與主軸中心線AX1正交之剖面CS中將內周面41與外周面42均設為剖面非圓形之引導構件40。In addition, the inner
圖10所示之引導構件40之內周面41具有複數個向遠離中心線AX2之方向凹陷之凹部41a。於此情形時,亦藉由內周面41除凹部41a以外具有略大於套管軸11之外周面11a之直徑的直徑,引導構件40可以使套管軸11能夠沿Z軸方向滑動之方式支持套管軸11。The inner
圖10所示之引導構件40之外周面42設為剖面四邊形。於此情形時,亦藉由對支持台30適當地安裝定位構件50,可將引導構件40定位於定位構件50使中心線AX2與主軸中心線AX1對準之位置。圖10中示出為了高精度地定位引導構件40,而配置有三個定位構件50A、50B、50C。當然,三個定位構件50A、50B、50C包含於本技術之定位構件50。The outer
(6)總結: 如以上所說明般,根據本發明,藉由各種態樣,可提供減輕從導套方式切換為無導套方式之作業的車床等技術。當然,即便為僅由獨立請求項之構成要件所構成之技術,亦可獲得上述基本作用、效果。 又,亦能夠實施將上述例中所揭示之各構成相互置換或變更組合而得之構成、將公知技術及上述例中所揭示之各構成相互置換或變更組合而得之構成等。本發明亦包含該等構成等。(6) Summary: As explained above, according to the present invention, through various aspects, it is possible to provide technologies such as lathes that reduce the operation of switching from the guide bushing method to the guide bushless method. Of course, even if it is a technology that consists only of the constituent elements of an independent claim, the above-mentioned basic functions and effects can be obtained. In addition, it is also possible to implement a configuration obtained by substituting or modifying the components disclosed in the above examples, and a configuration obtained by substituting or modifying the components disclosed in the known technology and the above examples. The present invention also includes these constitutions and the like.
1:車床 2:基座 8:控制部 10:主軸台 10a:本體部 11:套管軸 11a:外周面 12:主軸 20:驅動部 21:馬達 22:進給機構 23:螺桿 24:螺帽 30:支持台 31:貫通孔 32:導套 33,34:螺絲孔 40:引導構件 40a:貫通孔 41:內周面 41a:凹部 42:外周面 43:螺絲插通孔 43a:埋頭孔 50,50A,50B,50C:定位構件 51,51A,51B:接觸面 53:螺絲插通孔 60:刀具台 110:後側軸承 120:前側軸承 200:軌道 212:低剛性部分 910:主軸台 910a:主軸台之本體部 911:套管軸 911a:外周面 912:主軸 930:支持台 931:貫通孔 933:螺絲孔 940:引導構件 940a:貫通孔 941:內周面 943:螺絲插通孔 AX1:主軸中心線 AX2:中心線 AX91:主軸中心線 AX92:引導構件之中心線 CL9:間隙 CS:剖面 D1:主軸中心線方向 P1,P2:接觸點 P3:中心 R1:不使用引導構件時之前側軸承之移動範圍 R2:使用引導構件時之前側軸承之移動範圍 S1:前側 S2:後側 S91:前側 SC1,SC2:螺絲 SC91:螺絲 ST1:定位步驟 ST2:安裝步驟 T1:工具 TR:三角形 W1:工件 θ:三角形之中心之內角1: Lathe 2: pedestal 8: Control Department 10: Spindle 10a: body part 11: Casing shaft 11a: Outer peripheral surface 12: Spindle 20: Drive 21: Motor 22: Feed mechanism 23: screw 24: Nut 30: support desk 31: Through hole 32: Guide sleeve 33, 34: screw holes 40: guide member 40a: Through hole 41: inner peripheral surface 41a: recess 42: Outer peripheral surface 43: Screw through hole 43a: countersink 50, 50A, 50B, 50C: positioning member 51, 51A, 51B: contact surface 53: Screw through hole 60: Tool table 110: Rear side bearing 120: Front side bearing 200: Orbit 212: Low rigidity part 910: Spindle 910a: The main body of the headstock 911: Casing shaft 911a: outer peripheral surface 912: Spindle 930: Support Desk 931: Through hole 933: screw hole 940: Guide member 940a: Through hole 941: inner peripheral surface 943: Screw through hole AX1: Spindle center line AX2: Centerline AX91: Spindle centerline AX92: The center line of the guide member CL9: Clearance CS: Profile D1: The direction of the spindle center line P1, P2: contact point P3: Center R1: The movement range of the front bearing when the guide member is not used R2: The moving range of the front bearing when the guide member is used S1: Front side S2: rear side S91: Front side SC1, SC2: Screw SC91: Screw ST1: Positioning steps ST2: Installation steps T1: Tools TR: triangle W1: Workpiece θ: The inner angle of the center of the triangle
圖1係對車床之主要部分進行局部剖面觀察並模式性地例示之圖。 圖2A、2B係對設為導套方式之車床之主要部分進行局部剖面觀察並模式性地例示之圖。 圖3A、3B係模式性地簡化例示車床之主要部分之立體圖。 圖4A、4B係對設為無導套方式之車床之主要部分進行局部剖面觀察並模式性地例示之圖。 圖5係模式性地簡化例示設為無導套方式之車床之主要部分的立體圖。 圖6係模式性地表示在與主軸中心線正交之剖面中定位構件與引導構件之位置關係之例的圖。 圖7A係模式性地例示於導套之支持台未安裝定位構件之狀態下安裝引導構件之情況的剖視圖,圖7B係模式性地例示將定位構件緊貼引導構件地安裝於支持台之情況的剖視圖,圖7C係模式性地例示於支持台固定有定位構件之情況的剖視圖。 圖8A係模式性地例示從支持台卸除導套後之情況的剖視圖,圖8B係模式性地例示將引導構件緊貼定位構件地安裝於支持台之情況的剖視圖。 圖9A~9C係模式性地表示在與主軸中心線正交之剖面中引導構件及定位構件之變化例的圖。 圖10係模式性地表示在與主軸中心線正交之剖面中定位構件及引導構件之變化例的圖。 圖11A係模式性地表示比較例中於導套之支持台安裝有引導構件之情況的剖視圖,圖11B係模式性地表示比較例中引導構件之中心線偏離主軸中心線之情況的剖視圖。Fig. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a partial cross-sectional observation of the main part of the lathe. Figures 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a partial cross-sectional observation of the main part of a lathe set as a guide bushing method and a schematic illustration. Figures 3A and 3B are perspective views schematically illustrating the main parts of the lathe. Figures 4A and 4B are schematic illustrations of the main parts of a lathe set as a guide bushless method through partial cross-sectional observation. Fig. 5 is a schematic, simplified, exemplified perspective view of the main parts of a lathe without a guide bushing. Fig. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the positional relationship between the positioning member and the guide member in a cross section orthogonal to the center line of the main shaft. Fig. 7A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the case where the guide member is installed in the state where the positioning member is not installed on the support base of the guide bush, and Fig. 7B is a schematic illustration of the case where the positioning member is mounted on the support table in close contact with the guide member Cross-sectional view, FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the case where the positioning member is fixed to the support table. Fig. 8A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a situation where the guide sleeve is removed from the support table, and Fig. 8B is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a case where the guide member is mounted on the support table in close contact with the positioning member. 9A to 9C are diagrams schematically showing the modification examples of the guide member and the positioning member in a cross section orthogonal to the center line of the main shaft. Fig. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a modification example of the positioning member and the guide member in a cross section orthogonal to the center line of the main shaft. Fig. 11A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the case where the guide member is installed on the support base of the guide bush in the comparative example, and Fig. 11B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the case where the center line of the guide member deviates from the center line of the spindle in the comparative example.
1:車床1: Lathe
10:主軸台10: Spindle
10a:本體部10a: body part
11:套管軸11: Casing shaft
11a:外周面11a: Outer peripheral surface
12:主軸12: Spindle
30:支持台30: support desk
40:引導構件40: guide member
40a:貫通孔40a: Through hole
41:內周面41: inner peripheral surface
42:外周面42: Outer peripheral surface
43:螺絲插通孔43: Screw through hole
50,50A,50B:定位構件50, 50A, 50B: positioning member
51:接觸面51: contact surface
53:螺絲插通孔53: Screw through hole
200:軌道200: Orbit
AX1:主軸中心線AX1: Spindle center line
D1:主軸中心線方向D1: The direction of the spindle center line
S1:前側S1: Front side
S2:後側S2: rear side
SC1:螺絲SC1: Screw
SC2:螺絲SC2: Screw
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2019229891A JP7464816B2 (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Lathe and method for attaching guide member thereto |
JP2019-229891 | 2019-12-20 |
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TW202128317A true TW202128317A (en) | 2021-08-01 |
TWI857166B TWI857166B (en) | 2024-10-01 |
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