JP2021098237A - Lathe and guide member attachment method of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a lathe which enables reduction of work for switching from a guide bush method to a non-guide bush method, and to provide a guide member attachment method of the lathe.SOLUTION: A lathe includes: a spindle 12 which holds a workpiece W1; a spindle head 10; a drive part 20; a support stand 30; a guide member 40; and a positioning member 50. The spindle head 10 has a quill 11 which is disposed centered on a spindle center line AX1 at the outer side of the spindle 12, and rotatably supports the spindle 12. The drive part 20 moves the spindle head 10 in a spindle center line direction D1. A guide bush 32 which slidably supports the workpiece W1 in front of the spindle 12 is detachably provided at the support stand 30. The guide member 40 is attached to the support stand 30 from which the guide bush 32 is removed and supports the quill 11 in a manner that the quill 11 can slide in the spindle center line direction D1. The positioning member 50 is attached to the support stand 30 and matches a center line AX2 of the guide member 40 with the spindle center line AX1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

The present invention relates to a lathe capable of switching between a processing method using a guide bush and a processing method not using a guide bush, and a method for attaching a guide member thereof.

As a lathe, as shown in Patent Document 1, a spindle-moving lathe in which a guide bush that slidably supports a work is attached to a support base in front of the spindle is known. In the case of the guide bush system using the guide bush, the work gripped by the spindle is slidably supported by the guide bush and processed by a cutting tool in front of the guide bush. On the other hand, in order to process a short work, the guide bush may be removed from the support base, and the spindle base may be advanced to process the work as compared with the case where the guide bush is used. In the case of the non-guide bush method that does not use a guide bush, an annular quill guide attached to the support base is used in order to slidably support the front part of the headstock in the direction of the spindle center line. The quill guide is attached to the support base by inserting a quill arranged outside the spindle centering on the spindle center line at the front portion of the spindle base.

When switching from the guide bush method to the non-guide bush method, the lathe operator removes the guide bush from the support base, first arranges the quill guide on the outside of the quill, advances the spindle base, and then moves the quill guide. It is attached to the support with screws. Here, if the mounting position of the quill guide changes, the machining accuracy of the work is affected. Therefore, the operator aligns the center line of the quill guide with the center line of the spindle. Therefore, every time the operator switches from the guide bush method to the non-guide bush method, the operator performs work involving alignment.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-144843

Since the quill guide slidably supports the quill, it has a larger annular shape than the quill and is heavy. Therefore, the work of attaching the quill guide, which involves alignment, such as pushing up the quill guide arranged on the outside of the quill and attaching it to the support base, places a heavy burden on the operator.

The present invention discloses a lathe capable of reducing the work of switching from the guide bush system to the non-guide bush system, and a method for attaching the guide member thereof.

The lathe of the present invention has a spindle for gripping the work and
A spindle base having a quill arranged outside the spindle centering on the spindle center line and rotatably supporting the spindle,
A drive unit that moves the spindle base in the direction of the spindle center line,
A support base on which a guide bush that slidably supports the work is provided in front of the spindle, and a support base.
A guide member that is attached to the support base from which the guide bush has been removed and slidably supports the quill in the direction of the spindle center line.
It has an embodiment including a positioning member attached to the support base and aligning the center line of the guide member with the center line of the main shaft.

Further, the method of attaching the guide member of the lathe of the present invention is as follows.
The spindle that grips the work and
A spindle base having a quill arranged outside the spindle centering on the spindle center line and rotatably supporting the spindle,
A drive unit that moves the spindle base in the direction of the spindle center line,
A support base on which a guide bush that slidably supports the work is provided in front of the spindle, and a support base.
A method for attaching a guide member of a lathe, comprising a guide member that is attached to the support base from which the guide bush has been removed and slidably supports the quill in the direction of the center line of the spindle.
A positioning step of applying the guide member to a positioning member attached to the support and aligning the center line of the guide member with the center line of the spindle.
It has an embodiment including an attachment step of attaching the guide member applied to the positioning member to the support base from which the guide bush has been removed.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lathe that reduces the work of switching from the guide bush system to the non-guide bush system.

It is a figure which schematically exemplifies the main part of a lathe with a partial cross-sectional view. 2A and 2B are diagrams schematically illustrating a part of a main part of a lathe in a guide bush system with a cross-sectional view. 3A and 3B are perspective views illustrating a schematic simplification of a main part of a lathe. FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams schematically illustrating a main part of a lathe in a non-guide bush system with a partial cross-sectional view. It is a perspective view which simplifies and illustrates the main part of the lathe in the non-guide bush system. It is a figure which shows typically the example of the positional relationship between a positioning member and a guide member in the cross section orthogonal to the spindle center line. FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating how the guide member is attached to the support base of the guide bush without the positioning member attached, and FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram showing how the positioning member is applied to the guide member and attached to the support base. FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a state in which the positioning member is fixed to the support base. FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating how the guide bush is removed from the support base, and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating how the guide member is applied to the positioning member and attached to the support base. 9A to 9C are diagrams schematically showing a modified example of the positioning member together with the guide member in a cross section orthogonal to the center line of the spindle. It is a figure which shows typically the modification of the positioning member and the guide member in the cross section orthogonal to the spindle center line. FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing how the guide member is attached to the support base of the guide bush in the comparative example, and FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing how the center line of the guide member is deviated from the spindle center line in the comparative example. It is a figure.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. Of course, the following embodiments merely exemplify the present invention, and not all of the features shown in the embodiments are essential for the means for solving the invention.

(1) Outline of the technique included in the present invention:
First, an outline of the technique included in the present invention will be described with reference to the example shown in the figure. It should be noted that the figures of the present application are diagrams schematically showing examples, and the enlargement ratios in each direction shown in these figures may be different, and the figures may not be consistent. Of course, each element of the present technology is not limited to the specific example indicated by the reference numeral.
Further, in the present application, the numerical range "Min to Max" means a minimum value of Min or more and a maximum value of Max or less.

[Aspect 1]
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 5, the lathe 1 according to one aspect of the present technology includes a spindle 12, a spindle 10, a drive unit 20, a support 30, a guide member 40, and a positioning member for gripping the work W1. 50 is provided. The spindle base 10 has a quill 11 arranged outside the spindle 12 with the spindle center line AX1 as the center, and rotatably supports the spindle 12. The drive unit 20 moves the headstock 10 in the spindle centerline direction D1. The support base 30 is detachably provided with a guide bush 32 that slidably supports the work W1 in front of the main shaft 12. The guide member 40 is attached to the support base 30 from which the guide bush 32 has been removed, and slidably supports the quill 11 in the main axis center line direction D1. The positioning member 50 is attached to the support base 30, and the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 is aligned with the spindle center line AX1.

11A and 11B are cross-sectional views schematically showing the work of switching from the guide bush method to the non-guide bush method in a lathe of a comparative example without a positioning member. FIG. 11A shows how the annular guide member 940 is attached to the support base 930 from which the guide bush has been removed.
The quill 911 provided on the headstock 910 is a substantially cylindrical member supported by the guide member 940, is arranged outside the main shaft 912 with the main shaft center line AX91 as the center, and is arranged from the main body portion 910a of the headstock 910 to the front side S91. It extends to. The spindle base 910 having the quill 911 moves in the Z-axis direction along the spindle center line AX91 at the time of machining the work. Therefore, the guide member 940 needs to support the quill 911 so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction, and a slight gap is provided between the inner peripheral surface 941 of the guide member 940 and the outer peripheral surface 911a of the quill 911. ..

The lathe operator performs the following work including alignment when attaching the guide member 940 to the support base 930.
First, in order to align the center line AX92 of the guide member 940 with the spindle centerline AX91, the operator first arranges the guide member 940 on the outside of the quill 911, and the quill 911 is contained in the through hole 940a of the guide member 940. To. Next, the operator advances the spindle base 910 so that a part of the quill 911 is inserted into the through hole 931 of the support base 930. Further, the operator holds the guide member 940 so that the center line AX92 of the guide member 940 is aligned with the spindle center line AX91 while supporting the guide member 940 by hand. While maintaining this state, when the operator inserts the screw SC91 into the screw insertion hole 943 of the guide member 940 and screwes it into the screw hole 933 of the support base 930, the guide member 940 is fixed to the support base 930. The operator needs to perform the above-mentioned work every time when switching from the guide bush method to the non-guide bush method.

Here, when the guide member 940 is screwed in a state where the center line AX92 of the guide member 940 is deviated from the spindle center line AX91 as shown in FIG. 11A, the guide member 940 is fixed as shown in FIG. 11B. There is a bias in the gap between the inner peripheral surface 941 of the quill 911 and the outer peripheral surface 911a of the quill 911. In FIGS. 11A and 11B, as a result of the center line AX92 of the guide member 940 being displaced downward from the spindle center line AX91, between the inner peripheral surface 941 of the guide member 940 and the outer peripheral surface 911a of the quill 911 on the lower side of the quill 911. It is shown that a relatively wide gap CL9 was generated in. If the center line AX92 of the guide member 940 deviates from the spindle center line AX91, the machining accuracy of the work is affected. However, since the guide member 940 slidably supports the quill 911, it has an annular shape larger than the quill and is heavy. Therefore, the work of attaching the guide member 940 to the support base 930 while aligning the guide member 940 is a heavy burden on the operator. In addition, since the same work must be performed each time the guide bush method is switched to the non-guide bush method, the mounting position of the guide member 940 changes slightly each time, and the difference in the mounting position affects the machining accuracy of the work. There is.

On the other hand, in the above aspect 1 of the present technology, when the operator of the lathe 1 attaches the guide member 40 to the support base 30 from which the guide bush 32 has been removed, the positioning member 50 sets the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 to the spindle center line AX1. Can be adjusted to. As a result, it is not necessary to perform the work involving the heavy centering such as pushing up the heavy guide member 40 every time, and it is not necessary to perform the work of arranging the guide member 40 on the outside of the quill 11 every time. Therefore, the first aspect can provide a lathe that reduces the work of switching from the guide bush system to the non-guide bush system.

Here, the number of positioning members may be one or two or more. This appendix also applies in the following aspects:

[Aspect 2]
As illustrated in FIG. 6, in a cross section CS orthogonal to the spindle center line AX1, the positioning member 50 attached to the support base 30 and the guide member 40 attached to the support base 30 are described as described above. The guide member 40 may be in contact with the center P3 at two contact points P1 and P2 forming a triangular TR. As a result, when the operator presses the guide member 40 against the positioning member 50, the guide member 40 and the positioning member 50 come into contact with each other at two contact points P1 and P2, and the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 becomes the spindle center line AX1. Fits. Therefore, in this embodiment, the center line of the guide member can be accurately positioned on the spindle center line.
Here, the guide member and the positioning member may be in contact with each other at two contact points in a cross section orthogonal to the main axis center line, and may be in linear contact as a whole. Contacting at a contact point in a cross section means contacting in a dot shape in design, and includes contacting in a linear shape due to an error in the shape of a guide member or a positioning member. These additions also apply in the following aspects:

[Aspect 3]
As illustrated in FIGS. 6, 9A, 9B, etc., the surface (for example, the contact surface 51) where the contact points P1 and P2 exist in the positioning member 50 is a flat surface or the outer circumference of the guide member 40 in the cross section CS. It may be a concave curved surface having a radius of curvature larger than the radius of curvature of the surface 42. In this embodiment, since the contact points P1 and P2 of the positioning member 50 and the guide member 40 can be easily realized, the center line of the guide member can be easily positioned on the spindle center line.

[Aspect 4]
As illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the guide member 40 has a front / back discriminating portion (for example, counterbore 43a) capable of discriminating whether or not the guide member 40 is turned upside down with respect to the support base 30. May be good. When the guide member 40 is attached to the support base 30 in an inverted state, the position of the central axis AX2 of the guide member 40 in the inverted state and the position of the central axis AX2 of the guide member 40 in the non-inverted state. And may be slightly off. In order to match the position of the central axis AX2 between the flipped state and the non-turned state, it is necessary to process the guide member 40 with extremely high accuracy. In this aspect, since it is possible to determine whether or not the guide member 40 is turned upside down with respect to the support base 30 by the front / back discriminating portion (43a), the operator has turned over the guide member 40 with respect to the support base 30. It can be installed without it. In this case, the machining of the guide member 40 is not required to have high accuracy such that the positions of the central axes AX2 are matched between the inverted state and the non-inverted state. Therefore, this aspect can reduce the cost of the guide member.
Here, the front / back discriminating portion is not limited to counterbore, and may be a mark or the like for grasping the front / back of the guide member.

[Aspect 5]
By the way, the guide member attaching method of the lathe 1 according to one aspect of the present technology includes the following steps (a) and (b).
(A) A positioning step ST1 in which the guide member 40 is applied to a positioning member 50 which is a positioning member 50 attached to the support base 30 and aligns the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 with the spindle center line AX1.
(B) Mounting step ST2 in which the guide member 40 applied to the positioning member 50 is attached to the support base 30 from which the guide bush 32 has been removed.

In the above aspect 5, the operator of the lathe 1 makes the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 into the spindle center line AX1 by applying the guide member 40 to the positioning member 50 attached to the support base 30 from which the guide bush 32 has been removed. Can be matched. In this state, the operator can attach the guide member 40 to the support base 30. As a result, it is not necessary to perform the work involving the heavy centering such as pushing up the heavy guide member 40 every time, and it is not necessary to perform the work of arranging the guide member 40 on the outside of the quill 11 every time. Therefore, the fifth aspect can provide a method for attaching a guide member of a lathe that reduces the work of switching from the guide bush method to the non-guide bush method.

(2) Specific example of lathe:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a main part of a lathe 1 in a guide bush system with a partial cross-sectional view. FIG. 2A schematically illustrates a main part of the guide bush type lathe 1 with a partial cross-sectional view from above. FIG. 2B schematically illustrates a main part of the guide bush type lathe 1 with a partial cross-sectional view from the Y-axis direction. FIG. 3A schematically simplifies the main part of the lathe 1 in the guide bush system. FIG. 3B schematically simplifies and illustrates the main part of the lathe 1 in the non-guide bush system. FIG. 4A schematically illustrates a main part of the lathe 1 in the non-guide bush system with a partial cross-sectional view from above. FIG. 4B schematically illustrates a main part of the lathe 1 in the non-guide bush system with a partial cross-sectional view from the Y-axis direction. In FIGS. 2A and 2B and FIGS. 4A and 4B, the front end position of the headstock 10 is indicated by a solid line, and the rear end position of the headstock 10 is indicated by a chain double-dashed line.
The spindle center line AX1 indicates the rotation center line of the spindle 12, and the spindle center line direction D1 indicates a direction along the spindle center line AX1. The spindle center line direction D1 includes both a direction toward the front side S1 and a direction toward the rear side S2. The Z-axis direction indicates the direction of the control axis along the main axis center line direction D1, the X-axis direction indicates the direction of the control axis along the vertical direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, and the Y-axis direction is orthogonal to the Z-axis direction. The direction of the control axis along the horizontal direction is shown. The X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction may be different directions from each other, and it is preferable that they are substantially orthogonal from the viewpoint of ease of movement control, but for example, 45 ° or less from the orthogonal directions. The direction may be deviated by the angle of.

The lathe 1 shown in FIG. 1 and the like is a spindle moving type lathe including a base 2, a control unit 8, a spindle base 10, a drive unit 20, a support base 30, a tool post 60, and the like. The base 2 is also called a bed or a table, and constitutes a base portion that supports the drive unit 20, the support base 30, and the like.

The control unit 8 controls the operations of the spindle base 10, the drive unit 20, the tool post 60, and the like. A known numerical control device can be used for the control unit 8. The numerical control device includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) which is a processor, a ROM (Read Only Memory) which is a semiconductor memory, a RAM (Random Access Memory) which is a semiconductor memory, a timer circuit, an interface, and the like. A control program for interpreting and executing a machining program is written in the ROM. The machining program created by the operator is rewritably stored in the RAM. The CPU uses the RAM as a work area and executes the control program recorded in the ROM to realize the function of the numerical control device. Of course, some or all of the above-mentioned functions may be realized by other means such as ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).

The spindle 12 provided on the spindle 10 grips the columnar (rod-shaped) work W1 inserted in the Z-axis direction so as to be releasable, and the work W1 is centered on the spindle center line AX1 along the longitudinal direction of the work W1. To rotate. The spindle base 10 rotatably supports the spindle 12 about the spindle center line AX1 and is movable in the Z-axis direction. A tubular quill 11 that rotatably supports the spindle 12 around the spindle center line AX1 is provided at the front portion of the spindle base 10. The quill 11 provided on the headstock 10 is a substantially cylindrical member supported by the guide member 40 when the guide bush 32 is not used, and is arranged outside the spindle 12 with the spindle center line AX1 as the center, and the headstock 10 is provided. Extends from the main body 10a of the above to the front side S1. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the outer peripheral surface 11a of the quill 11 has a circular cross section. The spindle 10 having the quill 11 moves in the Z-axis direction during workpiece machining.

The drive unit 20 has a motor 21 supported by the base 2 and a feed mechanism 22 along the spindle center line AX1 to move the spindle base 10 in the Z-axis direction. The motor 21 is a servomotor that can be numerically controlled by the control unit 8. The feed mechanism 22 shown in FIG. 1 is a ball screw in which a screw shaft 23 and a nut 24 operate via a ball. The screw shaft 23 is arranged along the spindle center line AX1, and its rear end is connected to the motor 21 via a coupling. Therefore, the screw shaft 23 is rotationally driven by the motor 21 around the rotation shaft along the spindle center line AX1. The nut 24 is screwed onto the screw shaft 23 via a ball, fixed to the headstock 10, and moves in the Z-axis direction in accordance with the rotation of the screw shaft 23.

The support base 30 supported by the base 2 has a through hole 31 for attaching the guide bush 32. The guide bush 32 attached to the support base 30 is arranged on the front side S1 of the spindle 12, and slidably supports the rod-shaped work W1 penetrating the spindle 12 in the Z-axis direction, and synchronizes with the spindle 12 to support the spindle. It is driven to rotate around the center line AX1. The guide bush 32 is detachably provided with respect to the support base 30. Since there is a guide bush that receives a load due to machining such as cutting, bending of the elongated workpiece is suppressed and high-precision machining is performed. When the guide bushes shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B are used, the spindle base 10 is driven so that the spindle 12 moves in the Z-axis direction within the range of S2 on the rear side of the guide bush 32. On the other hand, when the guide bush is used, the material from the spindle to the guide bush cannot be processed, so that the remaining material becomes long. Further, since the guide bush supports the outer circumference of the work, the work once machined cannot be retracted into the guide bush and advanced again to be machined. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the guide bush 32 can be removed from the support base 30. In this case, in order to shorten the distance from the spindle 12 to the tool post 60, the spindle 10 is driven so as to move in the Z-axis direction within a range in which the spindle 12 is on the front side S1 as compared with when the guide bush is used.

An annular guide member 40 that movably supports the quill 11 in the Z-axis direction is detachably provided on the support base 30 from which the guide bush 32 has been removed. The guide member 40 shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B and the like has a through hole 40a into which the quill 11 of the spindle base 10 is inserted, and is attached to the support base 30. The guide member 40 attached to the support base 30 slidably supports the quill 11 in the Z-axis direction. A substantially rectangular parallelepiped positioning member 50 in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the guide member 40 is also attached to the support base 30. The guide member 40 and the positioning member 50 are attached to the surface of the rear side S2 of the support base 30.
Although it is preferable to use a slide bearing for the guide member 40 that receives a load due to processing such as cutting, it is also possible to use various bearings such as a rolling bearing.

The tool post 60 is supported by the support base 30, and a plurality of tools T1 are attached to the tool post 60 so that the tool post 60 can move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, for example. The tool T1 includes both a fixing tool such as a cutting tool fixed so as not to rotate and a rotating tool that rotates like a rotary drill.
A back spindle (opposing spindle) provided with a back spindle (opposing spindle) that is inserted in the Z-axis direction and grips the work W1 after front machining so as to be releasably may be supported by the base 2.

As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, two rails 200 are installed on the base 2. The two rails 200 are guide rails for linear motion guides, and are arranged along the spindle center line AX1 at two locations in the Y-axis direction. Each rail 200 guides the rear bearing 110 and the front bearing 120 in the Z-axis direction. The rear bearing 110 and the front bearing 120 are attached to the headstock 10. The rail 200 shown in FIG. 2B and the like has a low-rigidity portion 212 whose rigidity is slightly lowered due to overhanging with respect to the base 2. The low-rigidity portion 212 includes the moving range R2 of the front bearing 120 when the guide member shown in FIG. 4B is used, and does not include the moving range R1 of the front bearing 120 when the guide member is not used shown in FIG. 2B.
When the low-rigidity portion 212 is supported by the base 2, the low-rigidity portion 212 may be thinned.

When using the guide bush, the guide bush 32 receives a load due to processing such as cutting. Here, as shown in FIG. 2B and the like, the low-rigidity portion 212 of the rail 200 is not within the moving range R1 of the front bearing 120. Therefore, when the guide bush is used, the headstock 10 is accurately supported by the rear bearing 110 and the front bearing 120.

When the guide bush is not used, the guide member 40 receives a load due to processing such as cutting. Here, as shown in FIG. 4B and the like, the quill 11 of the spindle base 10 is also supported by the guide member 40 provided on the support base 30. The low-rigidity portion 212 of the rail 200 is easily deformed by the load from the front bearing 120, although it is very small. Therefore, the play of the front bearing 120 when the guide member is used is large, and the function of the front bearing 120 to support the spindle 10 is suppressed. Therefore, when the guide bush is not used, the headstock 10 is substantially accurately supported by the rear bearing 110 and the guide member 40 located on the front side S1 of the front bearing 120.

The main parts of the base 2, the headstock 10, the drive unit 20, the support base 30, the guide bush 32, the guide member 40, the positioning member 50, the tool post 60, the rail 200, and the like can be formed of, for example, metal. ..

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the positional relationship between the quill 11, the guide member 40, and the positioning member 50 in the lathe 1 in the non-guide bush system. FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the positional relationship between the positioning member 50 and the guide member 40 in the cross section CS orthogonal to the spindle center line AX1. 7A to 7C schematically illustrate how the positioning member 50 is attached to the support base 30.

The guide member 40 has a short substantially cylindrical shape along the center line AX2, and has an inner peripheral surface 41 having a circular cross section and an outer peripheral surface 42 having a circular cross section centered on the center line AX2. The diameter of the inner peripheral surface 41 is slightly larger than the diameter of the outer peripheral surface 11a of the quill 11. As a result, the guide member 40 slidably supports the quill 11 in the Z-axis direction. In order to screw the guide member 40 to the support base 30, the guide member 40 has a plurality of screw insertion holes 43. The number of screw insertion holes 43 provided in the guide member 40 is not limited to 10 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and may be 9 or less, or 11 or more. As shown in FIG. 7A, a counterbore 43a is formed in each screw insertion hole 43. Therefore, the guide member 40 is prevented from being attached to the support base 30 in a state of being turned inside out. A screw hole 33 is formed in the support base 30 at a position corresponding to each screw insertion hole 43. Each screw hole 33 is screwed with the screw SC1 that has passed through the screw insertion hole 43.
The counterbore 43a is an example of a front / back discriminating portion capable of discriminating whether or not the guide member 40 is turned upside down with respect to the support base 30. Here, the state in which the guide member 40 is not turned inside out means a state in which the counterbore 43a faces the side opposite to the support base 30 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7A. The state in which the guide member 40 is turned upside down means a state in which the guide member 40 is oriented in the direction opposite to the direction shown in FIG. 7A or the like in the Z-axis direction, and a state in which the counterbore 43a is oriented toward the support base 30.

The outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 is in contact with the positioning members 50A and 50B. Here, the positioning member 50 is a general term for the positioning members 50A and 50B. Hereinafter, when a common description is given to both the positioning members 50A and 50B, the description will be simply referred to as the positioning member 50. The positioning member 50 has a function of aligning the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 with the spindle center line AX1 by contacting the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40. In order to screw the positioning member 50 to the support base 30, the positioning member 50 has a plurality of screw insertion holes 53. The number of screw insertion holes 53 provided in the positioning member 50 is not limited to 2 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and may be 3 or more. As shown in FIG. 7B, the support base 30 is formed with screw holes 34 at positions corresponding to the screw insertion holes 53. Each screw hole 34 is screwed with a screw SC2 that has passed through the screw insertion hole 43.

In the cross section CS shown in FIG. 6, the positioning member 50 attached to the support base 30 and the guide member 40 attached to the support base 30 form a triangular TR at two contact points formed by the center P3 of the guide member 40. They are in contact with each other at P1 and P2. The center P3 is an intersection of the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 and the cross section CS. The contact point P1 is a contact point between the positioning member 50A and the guide member 40. The contact point P2 is a contact point between the positioning member 50B and the guide member 40.
Here, among the positioning members 50, the surfaces where the contact points P1 and P2 are present are referred to as contact surfaces 51. The contact surface 51 is a flat surface. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 and the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 are in linear contact with each other along the center line AX2 of the guide member 40. Looking at the cross section CS orthogonal to the spindle center line AX1, the outer peripheral surface 42 and the contact surface 51 are in point contact with each other. By making the contact surface 51 flat, the contact position is limited to one point, and the position of the guide member 40 can be determined with high accuracy.

Since the center P3 and the contact points P1 and P2 form a triangular TR, when the operator presses the unfixed guide member 40 against the positioning member 50, the guide member 40 and the positioning member 50 come into contact with each other at the contact point P1. , P2, and the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 matches the spindle center line AX1. Here, the internal angle θ of the center P3 in the triangle TR may be larger than 0 ° and smaller than 180 °, preferably 90 ° to 140 °. When the internal angle θ is 90 ° or more, the guide member 40 can be stably pressed against both the positioning members 50A and 50B. When the internal angle θ is 140 ° or less, it is easy to accurately determine the position of the guide member 40 when the guide member 40 is pressed against the positioning members 50A and 50B. Therefore, when the internal angle θ is 90 ° to 140 °, the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 can be positioned with the spindle center line AX1 with higher accuracy.

Further, since the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 is flat, two contact points P1 and P2 between the positioning member 50 and the guide member 40 can be easily realized, and the center line of the guide member 40 can be easily realized. The AX2 can be positioned on the spindle center line AX1.

(3) Specific example of attaching the positioning member to the support base:
First, an example of attaching the positioning member 50 to the support base 30 of the guide bush 32 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7C.
FIG. 7A schematically illustrates a state in which the guide member 40 is attached to the support base 30 in a state where the positioning member 50 is not attached. FIG. 7B schematically illustrates a state in which the positioning member 50 is applied to the guide member 40 and attached to the support base 30. FIG. 7C schematically illustrates a state in which the positioning member 50 is fixed to the support base 30.

When the positioning member 50 is attached to the support base 30, it is necessary to fix the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 at a position that matches the spindle center line AX1. Therefore, the work of attaching the positioning member 50 to the support base 30 may be performed by a skilled worker of a lathe manufacturer or the like. Of course, the lathe operator may attach the positioning member 50 to the support base 30. Hereinafter, a person who attaches the positioning member 50 to the support base 30 will be referred to as an operator.
First, the operator arranges the guide member 40 on the outside of the quill 11, and puts the quill 11 in the through hole 40a of the guide member 40. Next, the operator advances the spindle 10 and holds the guide member 40 so that the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 matches the spindle center line AX1 while supporting the guide member 40 by hand. This state is shown in FIG. 7A. When the operator inserts the screw SC1 into each screw insertion hole 43 of the guide member 40 and screwes it into the screw hole 33 of the support base 30, the guide member 40 is fixed to the support base 30.

After fixing the guide member 40, the operator may retract the spindle base 10. Since the guide member 40 is fixed to the support base 30, the operator supports the positioning member 50 with his / her fingers and holds the positioning member 50 in a state where the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40. Hold. This state is shown in FIG. 7B. While maintaining this holding state, when the operator inserts the screw SC2 into each screw insertion hole 53 of the positioning member 50 and screwes it into the screw hole 34 of the support base 30, the positioning member 50 is as shown in FIG. 7C. It is fixed to the support base 30.

After that, even when the lathe 1 is of the guide bush type, it is not necessary to remove the positioning member 50 from the support base 30. Hereinafter, a specific example of switching between the guide bush method and the non-guide bush method will be described.

(4) Specific example of switching between the guide bush method and the non-guide bush method:
When switching from the non-guide bush method shown in FIGS. 4B and 7C to the guide bush method shown in FIG. 2B and the like, the operator retracts the spindle base 10, removes the screw SC1, removes the guide member 40 from the support base 30, and guides. The bush is attached to the support base 30. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, since the positioning member 50 is located at a position that does not interfere with the movement of the headstock 10 in the Z-axis direction, it is not necessary to remove the positioning member 50 from the support base 30 even in the guide bush method.

Next, a specific example of switching from the guide bush system to the non-guide bush system will be described with reference to FIGS. 8A, 8B, 7C and the like.
FIG. 8A schematically illustrates a state in which the guide bush 32 is removed from the support base 30. FIG. 8B schematically illustrates a state in which the guide member 40 is applied to the positioning member 50 and attached to the support base 30.

When switching from the guide bush method shown in FIGS. 2B and the non-guide bush method shown in FIGS. 4B and 7C, the operator performs the following operations.
First, the operator removes the guide bush 32 from the support base 30. This state is shown in FIG. 8A. Since the positioning member 50 is fixed to the support base 30 as shown in FIG. 8A, the operator holds the guide member 40 by hand and puts the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 on the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50. Holds the guide member 40 (positioning step ST1). This state is shown in FIG. 8B. Since the positioning member 50 shown in FIG. 8B is still attached to the support base 30 at the position shown in FIG. 7C, the position of the guide member 40 shown in FIG. 8B is such that the center line AX2 is the center of the spindle as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. It has not changed from the position of the guide member 40 attached to the support base 30 so as to fit the wire AX1. Therefore, it is not necessary to insert the quill 11 into the through hole 40a of the guide member 40 in order to align the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 with the spindle center line AX1. As shown in FIG. 8B, when the operator inserts the screw SC1 into each screw insertion hole 43 of the guide member 40 and screwes it into the screw hole 33 of the support base 30, the center line AX2 becomes the spindle center line as shown in FIG. 7C. The positioning member 50 is fixed to the support base 30 in a state of matching the AX1 (mounting step ST2).

As described above, it is not necessary to perform work involving alignment, which is a heavy burden, such as pushing up the heavy guide member 40. Further, the work of first arranging the guide member 40 on the outside of the quill 11 becomes unnecessary. That is, it is not necessary to perform a heavy work every time when switching from the guide bush method to the non-guide bush method. Therefore, in this specific example, the work of switching from the guide bush method to the non-guide bush method can be reduced.
Further, since the guide member 40 has the counterbore 43a, it can be known whether or not the guide member 40 is in a state of being turned upside down with respect to the support base 30, so that the operator can refer to the support base 30 with the guide member. The 40 can be attached without being turned inside out. As described above, when the guide member 40 is attached to the support base 30 in an inverted state, the guide member 40 is extremely adjusted to match the position of the central axis AX2 between the inverted state and the non-inverted state. It is necessary to process with high precision. Due to the presence of the counterbore 43a, high accuracy enough to match the position of the central axis AX2 between the inverted state and the non-inverted state is not required for the machining of the guide member 40. Therefore, this specific example can reduce the cost of the guide member.

(5) Modification example:
Various modifications of the present invention can be considered.
For example, the quill 11 of the headstock 10 described above covers the outside of the main shaft 12 until near the front end of the main shaft 12, but the positional relationship between the quill and the main shaft in the direction of the center line of the main shaft can be changed as appropriate. For example, if the length from the front end of the quill to the front end of the spindle is long, a spindle cover covering the outside of the spindle from the front end of the quill to near the front end of the spindle may be attached to the front end of the quill.
In order to attach the positioning member 50 to the support base 30, a urging means for pressing the positioning member 50 toward the guide member 40, for example, a spring may be provided on the support base 30. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, when the positioning member 50 is attached to the guide member 40, the urging means presses the positioning member 50 against the guide member 40, so that the operator does not have to hold the positioning member 50 by hand. The positioning member 50 can be attached to the support base 30.

The positioning member 50 described above was a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, but the shape of the positioning member is not limited to the substantially rectangular parallelepiped. 9A to 9C are diagrams schematically showing a modified example of the positioning member 50 together with the guide member 40 in the cross section CS orthogonal to the spindle center line AX1. In the following modification, the same elements as those in the above example are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 9A shows an example in which one positioning member 50 has two contact points P1 and P2. The positioning member 50 shown in FIG. 9A has a contact surface 51A having a contact point P1 and a contact surface 51B having a contact point P2. The two contact surfaces 51A and 51B are included in the contact surface 51 of the present technology. When the contact surfaces 51A and 51B are flat, the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 and the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 are in linear contact with each other along the center line AX2 of the guide member 40. Also in the example shown in FIG. 9A, when the operator touches the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 to the contact surfaces 51A and 51B of the positioning member 50, the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 matches the spindle center line AX1, which is a heavy load. Work that involves matching is not required.

FIG. 9B shows an example in which the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 is a concave curved surface having a radius of curvature larger than the radius of curvature of the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 in the cross section CS orthogonal to the spindle center line AX1. Also in this case, the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 and the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 are in linear contact with each other along the center line AX2 of the guide member 40. In the example shown in FIG. 9B, the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 is aligned with the spindle center line AX1 by the operator touching the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 to the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50.

FIG. 9C shows an example in which the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 is circular in the cross section CS orthogonal to the spindle center line AX1. When the positioning member 50 has a substantially cylindrical shape centered on the central axis along the spindle center line AX1, the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 and the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 are along the center line AX2 of the guide member 40. It touches linearly. When the positioning member 50 is substantially spherical, the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 and the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50 are in contact with each other in a dot shape. In these examples as well, the center line AX2 of the guide member 40 is aligned with the spindle center line AX1 by the operator touching the outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 to the contact surface 51 of the positioning member 50.

Further, although the guide member 40 described above has a circular cross section on both the inner peripheral surface 41 and the outer peripheral surface 42, the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the guide member are not limited to the circular cross section. FIG. 10 illustrates a guide member 40 in which both the inner peripheral surface 41 and the outer peripheral surface 42 have a non-circular cross section in a cross section CS orthogonal to the main axis center line AX1.

The inner peripheral surface 41 of the guide member 40 shown in FIG. 10 has a plurality of recesses 41a recessed in a direction away from the center line AX2. Also in this case, since the inner peripheral surface 41 has a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the outer peripheral surface 11a of the quill 11 except for the recess 41a, the guide member 40 can slide the quill 11 in the Z-axis direction. Can be supported.

The outer peripheral surface 42 of the guide member 40 shown in FIG. 10 has a quadrangular cross section. Also in this case, by appropriately attaching the positioning member 50 to the support base 30, the guide member 40 can be positioned at a position where the positioning member 50 aligns the center line AX2 with the spindle center line AX1. FIG. 10 shows that three positioning members 50A, 50B, and 50C are arranged in order to accurately position the guide member 40. Of course, the three positioning members 50A, 50B, and 50C are included in the positioning member 50 of the present technology.

(6) Conclusion:
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a technique such as a lathe that reduces the work of switching from the guide bush system to the non-guide bush system in various aspects. Of course, the above-mentioned basic actions and effects can be obtained even with a technique consisting of only the constituent requirements according to the independent claims.
In addition, the configurations disclosed in the above-mentioned examples are mutually replaced or the combinations are changed, the known techniques and the respective configurations disclosed in the above-mentioned examples are mutually replaced or the combinations are changed. It is also possible to implement the above-mentioned configuration. The present invention also includes these configurations and the like.

1 ... lathe,
10 ... Spindle, 10a ... Main body, 11 ... Quill, 11a ... Peripheral surface, 12 ... Spindle,
20 ... Drive unit,
30 ... Support stand, 31 ... Through hole, 32 ... Guide bush, 33, 34 ... Screw hole,
40 ... Guide member, 40a ... Through hole, 41 ... Inner peripheral surface, 42 ... Outer peripheral surface,
43 ... Screw insertion hole, 43a ... Counterbore,
50, 50A, 50B, 50C ... Positioning member,
51, 51A, 51B ... contact surface, 53 ... screw insertion hole,
60 ... turret,
AX1 ... spindle centerline, AX2 ... centerline,
CS ... Cross section,
D1 ... Main axis centerline direction,
P1, P2 ... contact point, P3 ... center,
S1 ... front side, S2 ... rear side,
SC1, SC2 ... Screws,
ST1 ... Positioning process, ST2 ... Mounting process,
TR ... triangle,
W1 ... Work.

Claims (5)

The spindle that grips the work and
A spindle base having a quill arranged outside the spindle centering on the spindle center line and rotatably supporting the spindle,
A drive unit that moves the spindle base in the direction of the spindle center line,
A support base on which a guide bush that slidably supports the work is provided in front of the spindle, and a support base.
A guide member that is attached to the support base from which the guide bush has been removed and slidably supports the quill in the direction of the spindle center line.
A lathe that is attached to the support base and includes a positioning member that aligns the center line of the guide member with the center line of the spindle. In a cross section orthogonal to the spindle center line, two contact points where the positioning member attached to the support and the guide member attached to the support form a triangle with the center of the guide member. The lathe according to claim 1, which is in contact with the lathe. The lathe according to claim 2, wherein the surface of the positioning member where the contact point exists is a flat surface or a concave curved surface having a radius of curvature larger than the radius of curvature of the outer peripheral surface of the guide member in the cross section. The lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the guide member has a front / back discriminating portion capable of discriminating whether or not the guide member is turned upside down with respect to the support base. The spindle that grips the work and
A spindle base having a quill arranged outside the spindle centering on the spindle center line and rotatably supporting the spindle,
A drive unit that moves the spindle base in the direction of the spindle center line,
A support base on which a guide bush that slidably supports the work is provided in front of the spindle, and a support base.
A method for attaching a guide member of a lathe, comprising a guide member that is attached to the support base from which the guide bush has been removed and slidably supports the quill in the direction of the center line of the spindle.
A positioning step of applying the guide member to a positioning member attached to the support and aligning the center line of the guide member with the center line of the spindle.
A method for attaching a guide member of a lathe, which comprises an attachment step of attaching the guide member applied to the positioning member to the support base from which the guide bush has been removed.

Images