TW202008393A - Composition for electrodes of solar cell and solar cell - Google Patents
Composition for electrodes of solar cell and solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- TW202008393A TW202008393A TW108114056A TW108114056A TW202008393A TW 202008393 A TW202008393 A TW 202008393A TW 108114056 A TW108114056 A TW 108114056A TW 108114056 A TW108114056 A TW 108114056A TW 202008393 A TW202008393 A TW 202008393A
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- solar cell
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
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- H01L31/02—Details
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- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
Description
本發明涉及一種用於包括氧化鋁層作為鈍化層的太陽能電池電極的組成物、一種由所述組成物形成的電極以及一種包括所述電極的太陽能電池。更具體來說，本發明涉及用於太陽能電池電極的組成物、由所述組成物形成的電極以及包括所述電極的太陽能電池，其中所述組成物包括特定的玻璃料以在形成包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池中的電極時減小串聯電阻，同時改善太陽能電池的轉換效率。 [相關申請的交叉引用]The present invention relates to a composition for a solar cell electrode including an aluminum oxide layer as a passivation layer, an electrode formed from the composition, and a solar cell including the electrode. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition for a solar cell electrode, an electrode formed from the composition, and a solar cell including the electrode, wherein the composition includes a specific glass frit to form alumina The electrode in the solar cell layer reduces the series resistance while improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell. [Cross reference to related applications]
本申請案主張在2018年8月3日在韓國智慧財產權局提出申請的韓國專利申請案第10-2018-0090985號的權益，所述韓國專利申請案的全部公開內容以引用的方式併入本案供參考。This application claims the rights and interests of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0090985 filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on August 3, 2018, and the entire disclosure content of the Korean patent application is incorporated into this case by reference for reference.
太陽能電池產生電力的方式是利用PN結（PN junction）的光生伏打效應（photovoltaic effect）將日光的光子轉換成電力。在太陽能電池中，在具有PN結的半導體晶片或基板的上表面及下表面上分別形成前電極及後電極。然後，由進入半導體晶片的日光誘發PN結的光生伏打效應，且通過PN結的光生伏打效應而產生的電子經由電極向外部提供電流。通過對用於太陽能電池電極的組成物進行施加、圖案化及烘烤在晶片上形成太陽能電池的電極。Solar cells generate electricity by using the photovoltaic effect of a PN junction to convert sunlight photons into electricity. In a solar cell, front electrodes and rear electrodes are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of a semiconductor wafer or substrate having a PN junction, respectively. Then, the photovoltaic effect of the PN junction is induced by sunlight entering the semiconductor wafer, and the electrons generated by the photovoltaic effect of the PN junction provide current to the outside via the electrode. The solar cell electrode is formed on the wafer by applying, patterning, and baking the composition for the solar cell electrode.
太陽能電池電極的典型組成物在減小串聯電阻並改善太陽能電池的轉換效率方面存在限制。近年來，已開發出在太陽能電池的正表面上形成氧化鋁層的技術，以改善太陽能電池的加工性及轉換效率。Typical compositions of solar cell electrodes have limitations in reducing series resistance and improving the conversion efficiency of solar cells. In recent years, techniques for forming an aluminum oxide layer on the front surface of solar cells have been developed to improve the processability and conversion efficiency of solar cells.
本發明的背景技術公開於未經審查的日本專利公開第2015-144162號中。The background art of the present invention is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-144162.
本發明的目的是提供一種用於太陽能電池電極的組成物，所述組成物可在形成包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池中的電極時減小串聯電阻，同時改善太陽能電池的轉換效率。An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for a solar cell electrode, which can reduce the series resistance when forming an electrode in a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer, while improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
根據本發明的一個方面，一種用於包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池電極的組成物包括：導電粉，玻璃料以及有機載體；所述玻璃料包括鉛、鉍、鎢及鹼金屬，其中按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中存在0.1重量%到7重量%的量的鎢，按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中存在5重量%到8重量%的量的所述鹼金屬，且按氧化物含量計，所述鹼金屬對鎢的重量比是0.8或大於0.8。According to an aspect of the present invention, a composition for a solar cell electrode including an aluminum oxide layer includes: conductive powder, glass frit, and organic carrier; the glass frit includes lead, bismuth, tungsten, and alkali metal, wherein the oxide In terms of content, tungsten is present in the glass frit in an amount of 0.1% to 7% by weight, and in terms of oxide content, the alkali metal is present in the glass frit in an amount of 5% to 8% by weight, And in terms of oxide content, the weight ratio of the alkali metal to tungsten is 0.8 or more.
在一些實例中，按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在1重量%到30重量%的量的鉛，按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在1重量%到25重量%的量的鉍。In some examples, lead may be present in the glass frit in an amount of 1% to 30% by weight based on the oxide content, and 1% to 25% in the glass frit based on the oxide content Bismuth in an amount of% by weight.
在一些實例中，所述鹼金屬可為鋰。In some examples, the alkali metal may be lithium.
在一些實例中，所述玻璃料可進一步包括選自由以下組成的群組中的至少一種金屬或金屬氧化物：硼（B）、鎂（Mg）、碲（Te）、磷（P）、鎵（Ga）、鈰（Ce）、鐵（Fe）、矽（Si）、銫（Cs）、鍶（Sr）、鉬（Mo）、鈦（Ti）、錫（Sn）、銦（In）、釩（V）、鋇（Ba）、鎳（Ni）、銅（Cu）、鈉（Na）、鉀（K）、砷（As）、鈷（Co）、鋯（Zr）、錳（Mn）、鋁（Al）、鋅（Zn）及其氧化物。In some examples, the glass frit may further include at least one metal or metal oxide selected from the group consisting of boron (B), magnesium (Mg), tellurium (Te), phosphorus (P), gallium (Ga), cerium (Ce), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), indium (In), vanadium (V), barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn) and its oxides.
在一些實例中，以氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在30重量%到80重量%的所述至少一種金屬或金屬氧化物。In some examples, the at least one metal or metal oxide may be present in the glass frit by 30% to 80% by weight based on the oxide content.
在一些實例中，以氧化物含量計，所述玻璃料可進一步包括10重量%到60重量%的碲、0重量%到30重量%或小於30重量%的鋅以及0重量%到10重量%或小於10重量%的鉬。In some examples, the glass frit may further include 10 wt% to 60 wt% tellurium, 0 wt% to 30 wt% or less than 30 wt% zinc, and 0 wt% to 10 wt% based on the oxide content Or less than 10% by weight of molybdenum.
在一些實例中，所述組成物可包括：60重量%到95重量%的所述導電粉；0.1重量%到20重量%的所述玻璃料；以及餘量的所述有機載體。In some examples, the composition may include: 60% to 95% by weight of the conductive powder; 0.1% to 20% by weight of the glass frit; and the balance of the organic vehicle.
在一些實例中，所述組成物可進一步包括選自以下的至少一種添加劑：分散劑、觸變劑、塑化劑、黏度穩定劑、消泡劑、顏料、紫外線穩定劑、抗氧化劑及偶合劑。In some examples, the composition may further include at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: dispersants, thixotropic agents, plasticizers, viscosity stabilizers, defoamers, pigments, ultraviolet stabilizers, antioxidants, and coupling agents .
根據本發明的另一方面，提供一種由根據本發明用於太陽能電池電極的組成物形成的電極。According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrode formed from the composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention.
根據本發明的又一方面，一種太陽能電池包括：晶片，形成在所述晶片的至少一個表面上的氧化鋁層以及與所述氧化鋁層鄰接的電極，其中所述電極是由根據本發明用於太陽能電池電極的組成物形成的。According to still another aspect of the present invention, a solar cell includes: a wafer, an aluminum oxide layer formed on at least one surface of the wafer, and an electrode adjacent to the aluminum oxide layer, wherein the electrode is used according to the present invention The composition of the solar cell electrode.
本發明提供一種用於太陽能電池電極的組成物，所述組成物可在形成包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池中的電極時減小串聯電阻，同時改善太陽能電池的轉換效率。The present invention provides a composition for a solar cell electrode, which can reduce the series resistance when forming an electrode in a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer, while improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
在本申請案中，用語“X到Y”指示“X或大於X到Y或小於Y”或“≥X 且 ≤Y”。In this application, the term "X to Y" indicates "X or greater than X to Y or less than Y" or "≥X and ≤Y".
本發明的一個方面涉及一種用於太陽能電池電極的組成物，所述組成物用於形成包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池的電極且包括，導電粉，玻璃料以及有機載體；所述玻璃料包括鉛、鉍、鎢及鹼金屬，其中按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中存在按重量計0.1重量%到7重量%的量的鎢，按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中存在5重量%到8重量%的量的所述鹼金屬，且按氧化物含量計，所述鹼金屬對鎢的重量比是0.8或大於0.8。在這些範圍內，所述組成物可在形成包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池中的電極時減小串聯電阻，同時改善太陽能電池的轉換效率。An aspect of the present invention relates to a composition for a solar cell electrode, which is used to form an electrode of a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer and includes, conductive powder, glass frit, and an organic carrier; the glass frit includes lead , Bismuth, tungsten and alkali metals, where tungsten is present in the glass frit in an amount of 0.1% to 7% by weight in terms of oxide content, and in the glass frit in terms of oxide content The alkali metal is in an amount of 5% to 8% by weight, and the weight ratio of the alkali metal to tungsten is 0.8 or more in terms of oxide content. Within these ranges, the composition can reduce the series resistance when forming an electrode in a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer, while improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
在本說明書中，“氧化鋁”可為Al2 O3 ，但並不僅限於此。In this specification, "alumina" may be Al 2 O 3 , but it is not limited thereto.
根據本發明用於太陽能電池電極的組成物可用於形成包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池的前電極或後電極，作為與所述氧化鋁層鄰接的電極，但並不僅限於此。The composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention can be used to form a front electrode or a rear electrode of a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer as an electrode adjacent to the aluminum oxide layer, but it is not limited thereto.
現在，將更詳細地闡述根據本發明的用於太陽能電池電極的組成物的每一組分。 [導電粉]Now, each component of the composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention will be explained in more detail. [Conductive powder]
所述導電粉可包括銀（Ag）粉。銀粉可具有奈米級細微性或微米級細微性。舉例來說，銀粉可具有數十奈米到數百奈米的平均粒徑或數微米到數十微米的平均粒徑。或者，銀粉可為具有不同粒徑尺寸的兩種或更多種銀粉的混合物。The conductive powder may include silver (Ag) powder. The silver powder may have nanometer-level fineness or micrometer-level fineness. For example, the silver powder may have an average particle diameter of tens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers or an average particle diameter of several micrometers to tens of micrometers. Alternatively, the silver powder may be a mixture of two or more silver powders with different particle sizes.
在另一實例中，可使用以下所述材料代替銀（Ag）粉作為所述導電粉：金（Au）粉、鈀（Pd）粉、鉑（Pt）粉、銅（Cu）粉、鉻（Cr）粉、鈷（Co）粉、鋁（Al）粉、錫（Sn）粉、鉛（Pb）粉、鋅（Zn）粉、鐵（Fe）粉、銥（Ir）粉、鋨（Os）粉、銠（Rh）粉、鎢（W）粉、鉬（Mo）粉及鎳（Ni）粉。In another example, the following materials may be used instead of silver (Ag) powder as the conductive powder: gold (Au) powder, palladium (Pd) powder, platinum (Pt) powder, copper (Cu) powder, chromium ( Cr) powder, cobalt (Co) powder, aluminum (Al) powder, tin (Sn) powder, lead (Pb) powder, zinc (Zn) powder, iron (Fe) powder, iridium (Ir) powder, osmium (Os) powder Powder, rhodium (Rh) powder, tungsten (W) powder, molybdenum (Mo) powder and nickel (Ni) powder.
前述金屬粉可單獨使用或以混合物或合金形式使用。優選地，使用銀粉作為所述導電粉。The aforementioned metal powder may be used alone or in the form of a mixture or an alloy. Preferably, silver powder is used as the conductive powder.
導電粉可具有各種顆粒形狀，例如球形、薄片形、或無固定形狀，對此並無限制。The conductive powder may have various particle shapes, such as a spherical shape, a flake shape, or an unfixed shape, which is not limited.
導電粉可具有0.1 µm到10 µm、具體來說0.5 µm到5 µm、例如0.1 µm、0.5 µm、1 µm、2 µm、3 µm、4 µm、5 µm、6 µm、7 µm、8 µm、9 µm或10 µm的平均粒徑（D50）。在此範圍內，所述組成物可減小串聯電阻及接觸電阻。此處，在25℃下將導電粉分散在異丙醇（isopropyl alcohol，IPA）中經由超聲波作用3分鐘之後，利用粒徑分析儀（型號1064LD，西萊斯有限公司（CILAS Co., Ltd.））來測量平均粒徑（D50）。Conductive powders can have 0.1 µm to 10 µm, specifically 0.5 µm to 5 µm, such as 0.1 µm, 0.5 µm, 1 µm, 2 µm, 3 µm, 4 µm, 5 µm, 6 µm, 7 µm, 8 µm, Average particle size (D50) of 9 µm or 10 µm. Within this range, the composition can reduce series resistance and contact resistance. Here, after dispersing the conductive powder in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at 25°C for 3 minutes via ultrasound, a particle size analyzer (model 1064LD, CILAS Co., Ltd.) was used. )) to measure the average particle size (D50).
以用於太陽能電池電極的組成物的總重量計，可存在60重量%到95重量%的量的導電粉。在此範圍內，組成物可改善太陽能電池轉換效率，同時易於以膏劑形式進行製備。優選地，以用於太陽能電池電極的組成物的總重量計，存在70重量%到90重量%、例如60重量%、61重量%、62重量%、63重量%、64重量%、65重量%、66重量%、67重量%、68重量%、69重量%、70重量%、71重量%、72重量%、73重量%、74重量%、75重量%、76重量%、77重量%、78重量%、79重量%、80重量%、81重量%、82重量%、83重量%、84重量%、85重量%、86重量%、87重量%、88重量%、89重量%、90重量%、91重量%、92重量%、93重量%、94重量%或95重量%的量的導電粉。 [玻璃料]The conductive powder may be present in an amount of 60% to 95% by weight based on the total weight of the composition for the solar cell electrode. Within this range, the composition can improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, and at the same time, it can be easily prepared in the form of a paste. Preferably, based on the total weight of the composition for the solar cell electrode, there are 70% to 90% by weight, such as 60% by weight, 61% by weight, 62% by weight, 63% by weight, 64% by weight, 65% by weight , 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78% % By weight, 79% by weight, 80% by weight, 81% by weight, 82% by weight, 83% by weight, 84% by weight, 85% by weight, 86% by weight, 87% by weight, 88% by weight, 89% by weight, 90% by weight , 91% by weight, 92% by weight, 93% by weight, 94% by weight or 95% by weight conductive powder. [Frit]
玻璃料作用於太陽能電池電極的組成物的烘烤製程階段，對抗反射層進行蝕刻並對導電粉進行熔融而在射極區中形成導電粉的晶粒。此外，玻璃料會改善導電粉與晶片的黏合力，且在烘烤製程階段被軟化以降低烘烤溫度。The glass frit acts on the baking process stage of the composition of the solar cell electrode, and the anti-reflective layer is etched and the conductive powder is melted to form crystal grains of the conductive powder in the emitter region. In addition, the glass frit improves the adhesion between the conductive powder and the wafer, and is softened during the baking process to reduce the baking temperature.
所述玻璃料包括鉛、鉍、鎢及鹼金屬，其中按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中存在0.1重量%到7重量%的量的鎢，按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中存在5重量%到8重量%的量的所述鹼金屬，且按氧化物含量計，所述鹼金屬對鎢的重量比是0.8或大於0.8。在鎢及所述鹼金屬的含量以及所述鹼金屬對鎢的重量比在前述這些範圍內時，由所述組成物形成的電極在用於包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池中時可提供減小的串聯電阻，從而改善太陽能電池轉換效率。The glass frit includes lead, bismuth, tungsten and alkali metals, wherein tungsten is present in the glass frit in an amount of 0.1% to 7% by weight in terms of oxide content, and in the glass The alkali metal is present in an amount of 5% to 8% by weight, and the weight ratio of the alkali metal to tungsten is 0.8 or more in terms of oxide content. When the content of tungsten and the alkali metal and the weight ratio of the alkali metal to tungsten are within the foregoing ranges, the electrode formed of the composition may provide a reduction when used in a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer Series resistance, which improves solar cell conversion efficiency.
按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在1重量%到30重量%、具體來說5重量%到30重量%、例如1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%、20重量%、21重量%、22重量%、23重量%、24重量%、25重量%、26重量%、27重量%、28重量%、29重量%或30重量%的量的鉛。在此範圍內，可在低溫下對組成物進行烘烤。Based on the oxide content, 1% to 30% by weight, specifically 5% to 30% by weight, such as 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, and 4% by weight may be present in the glass frit. 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt% %, 18% by weight, 19% by weight, 20% by weight, 21% by weight, 22% by weight, 23% by weight, 24% by weight, 25% by weight, 26% by weight, 27% by weight, 28% by weight, 29% by weight or Lead in an amount of 30% by weight. Within this range, the composition can be baked at a low temperature.
按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在1重量%到25重量%、具體來說5重量%到20重量%、例如1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%、20重量%、21重量%、22重量%、23重量%、24重量%或25重量%的量的鉍。在此範圍內，由所述組成物形成的電極可對條帶（ribbon）具有改善的黏合力。In terms of oxide content, 1% to 25% by weight, specifically 5% to 20% by weight, such as 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, and 4% by weight may be present in the glass frit. 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt% Bismuth in an amount of %, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, or 25% by weight. Within this range, the electrode formed from the composition may have improved adhesion to the ribbon.
按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在0.1重量%到7重量%、具體來說1重量%到6重量%、例如0.1重量%、0.5重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%或7重量%的量的鎢。在此範圍內，可輕易地滿足在本文中前述提到的所述鹼金屬對鎢的重量比，且由所述組成物形成的電極即使在與氧化鋁層鄰接時仍可提供減小的串聯電阻，從而改善太陽能電池效率。Based on the oxide content, 0.1% to 7% by weight, specifically 1% to 6% by weight, such as 0.1% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 1% by weight, and 2% by weight may be present in the glass frit. Tungsten in an amount of 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight or 7% by weight. Within this range, the weight ratio of the alkali metal to tungsten mentioned hereinabove can be easily satisfied, and the electrode formed of the composition can provide a reduced series connection even when adjacent to the alumina layer Resistance, thereby improving solar cell efficiency.
鹼金屬可包括鋰（Li）、鈉（Na）及鉀（K）中的至少一者。優選地，使用鋰作為鹼金屬以有利於製備玻璃料。按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在5重量%到8重量%、具體來說5重量%到7重量%、例如5重量%、6重量%、7重量%或8重量%的量的鹼金屬。在此範圍內，可輕易地滿足在本文中前述提到的所述鹼金屬對鎢的重量比，且由所述組成物形成的電極即使在與氧化鋁層鄰接時仍可提供減小的串聯電阻，從而改善太陽能電池效率。The alkali metal may include at least one of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). Preferably, lithium is used as an alkali metal to facilitate the preparation of glass frit. Based on the oxide content, 5% to 8% by weight, specifically 5% to 7% by weight, such as 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight or 8% by weight may be present in the glass frit Amount of alkali metal. Within this range, the weight ratio of the alkali metal to tungsten mentioned hereinabove can be easily satisfied, and the electrode formed of the composition can provide a reduced series connection even when adjacent to the alumina layer Resistance, thereby improving solar cell efficiency.
在玻璃料中，按氧化物含量計，所述鹼金屬對鎢的重量比可為0.8或大於0.8。在此範圍內，即使在與氧化鋁層鄰接時，由所述組成物形成的電極仍可提供減小的串聯電阻，從而改善太陽能電池效率。優選地，所述鹼金屬對鎢的重量比為0.8到7，更優選地為0.8到5，例如為0.8、0.9、1、1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.7、1.8、1.9、2、2.1、2.2、2.3、2.4、2.5、2.6、2.7、2.8、2.9、3、3.1、3.2、3.3、3.4、3.5、3.6、3.7、3.8、3.9、4、4.1、4.2、4.3、4.4、4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8、4.9、5、5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4、5.5、5.6、5.7、5.8、5.9、6、6.1、6.2、6.3、6.4、6.5、6.6、6.7、6.8、6.9或7。In the glass frit, based on the oxide content, the weight ratio of the alkali metal to tungsten may be 0.8 or more. Within this range, even when adjacent to the aluminum oxide layer, the electrode formed from the composition can provide reduced series resistance, thereby improving solar cell efficiency. Preferably, the weight ratio of the alkali metal to tungsten is 0.8 to 7, more preferably 0.8 to 5, for example 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 , 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 , 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9 Or 7.
玻璃料除包括鉛、鉍、鎢及鹼金屬以外，可進一步包括金屬及/或金屬氧化物。舉例來說，玻璃料可包括選自由以下組成的群組中的至少一種金屬或金屬氧化物：硼（B）、鎂（Mg）、碲（Te）、磷（P）、鎵（Ga）、鈰（Ce）、鐵（Fe）、矽（Si）、銫（Cs）、鍶（Sr）、鉬（Mo）、鈦（Ti）、錫（Sn）、銦（In）、釩（V）、鋇（Ba）、鎳（Ni）、銅（Cu）、鈉（Na）、鉀（K）、砷（As）、鈷（Co）、鋯（Zr）、錳（Mn）、鋁（Al）、鋅（Zn）及其氧化物。The glass frit may further include metals and/or metal oxides in addition to lead, bismuth, tungsten, and alkali metals. For example, the glass frit may include at least one metal or metal oxide selected from the group consisting of boron (B), magnesium (Mg), tellurium (Te), phosphorus (P), gallium (Ga), Cerium (Ce), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), indium (In), vanadium (V), Barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), zirconium (Zr), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), Zinc (Zn) and its oxides.
此處，按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在30重量%到80重量%、具體來說50重量%到75重量%、例如30重量%、31重量%、32重量%、33重量%、34重量%、35重量%、36重量%、37重量%、38重量%、39重量%、40重量%、41重量%、42重量%、43重量%、44重量%、45重量%、46重量%、47重量%、48重量%、49重量%、50重量%、51重量%、52重量%、53重量%、54重量%、55重量%、56重量%、57重量%、58重量%、59重量%、60重量%、61重量%、62重量%、63重量%、64重量%、65重量%、66重量%、67重量%、68重量%、69重量%、70重量%、71重量%、72重量%、73重量%、74重量%、75重量%、76重量%、77重量%、78重量%、79重量%或80重量%的量的金屬。在此範圍內，金屬可在不改變鉛、鉍、鎢及鹼金屬的作用的情況下改善太陽能電池效率。Here, based on the oxide content, 30% to 80% by weight, specifically 50% to 75% by weight, such as 30% by weight, 31% by weight, 32% by weight, 33 may be present in the glass frit % By weight, 34% by weight, 35% by weight, 36% by weight, 37% by weight, 38% by weight, 39% by weight, 40% by weight, 41% by weight, 42% by weight, 43% by weight, 44% by weight, 45% by weight , 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58 Wt%, 59 wt%, 60 wt%, 61 wt%, 62 wt%, 63 wt%, 64 wt%, 65 wt%, 66 wt%, 67 wt%, 68 wt%, 69 wt%, 70 wt% , 71% by weight, 72% by weight, 73% by weight, 74% by weight, 75% by weight, 76% by weight, 77% by weight, 78% by weight, 79% by weight or 80% by weight metal. Within this range, metals can improve solar cell efficiency without changing the effects of lead, bismuth, tungsten, and alkali metals.
在一個實例中，按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在10重量%到60重量%、具體來說20重量%到60重量%、例如10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%、20重量%、21重量%、22重量%、23重量%、24重量%、25重量%、26重量%、27重量%、28重量%、29重量%、30重量%、31重量%、32重量%、33重量%、34重量%、35重量%、36重量%、37重量%、38重量%、39重量%、40重量%、41重量%、42重量%、43重量%、44重量%、45重量%、46重量%、47重量%、48重量%、49重量%、50重量%、51重量%、52重量%、53重量%、54重量%、55重量%、56重量%、57重量%、58重量%、59重量%或60重量%的量的碲。在此範圍內，可輕易地製備玻璃料，同時由所述組成物形成的電極可在電阻方面表現出改善的性質。In one example, based on the oxide content, 10% to 60% by weight, specifically 20% to 60% by weight, such as 10% by weight, 11% by weight, and 12% by weight may be present in the glass frit , 13% by weight, 14% by weight, 15% by weight, 16% by weight, 17% by weight, 18% by weight, 19% by weight, 20% by weight, 21% by weight, 22% by weight, 23% by weight, 24% by weight, 25% by weight % By weight, 26% by weight, 27% by weight, 28% by weight, 29% by weight, 30% by weight, 31% by weight, 32% by weight, 33% by weight, 34% by weight, 35% by weight, 36% by weight, 37% by weight , 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50% Tellurium in an amount of wt%, 51 wt%, 52 wt%, 53 wt%, 54 wt%, 55 wt%, 56 wt%, 57 wt%, 58 wt%, 59 wt% or 60 wt%. Within this range, the glass frit can be easily prepared, and at the same time, the electrode formed from the composition can exhibit improved properties in terms of electrical resistance.
在一個實例中，按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在0重量%到30重量%、具體來說1重量%到30重量%、更具體來說10重量%到20重量%、例如1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%、20重量%、21重量%、22重量%、23重量%、24重量%、25重量%、26重量%、27重量%、28重量%、29重量%或30重量%的量的鋅。在此範圍內，由所述組成物形成的電極可在電阻方面表現出改善的性質。In one example, based on the oxide content, 0% to 30% by weight, specifically 1% to 30% by weight, more specifically 10% to 20% by weight, may be present in the glass frit, For example 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 Wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt% , 26% by weight, 27% by weight, 28% by weight, 29% by weight or 30% by weight zinc. Within this range, the electrode formed from the composition may exhibit improved properties in terms of electrical resistance.
在一個實例中，按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在0重量%到10重量%、具體來說0.1重量%到5重量%、例如0重量%、0.1重量%、0.5重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%或10 重量%的量的鉬。在此範圍內，可輕易地控制對抗氧化膜的蝕刻。In one example, based on the oxide content, 0% to 10% by weight, specifically 0.1% to 5% by weight, such as 0% by weight, 0.1% by weight, and 0.5% by weight may be present in the glass frit , 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight or 10% by weight molybdenum. Within this range, the etching against the oxide film can be easily controlled.
在一個實例中，按氧化物含量計，在所述玻璃料中可存在10重量%或小於10重量%、具體來說0.1重量%到10重量%或0.1重量%到5重量%、例如0重量%、0.1重量%、0.5重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%或10重量%的量的鎂。在此範圍內，由所述組成物形成的電極可在電阻及對條帶的黏合力方面表現出改善的性質。In one example, based on the oxide content, 10% by weight or less may be present in the glass frit, specifically 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight or 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, such as 0% by weight %, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% by weight The amount of magnesium. Within this range, the electrode formed from the composition may exhibit improved properties in terms of electrical resistance and adhesion to the strip.
在一個實例中，所述玻璃料可為包括鉛、鉍、鎢、鹼金屬、碲及鎂的Pb-Bi-W-鹼金屬-Te-Mg系玻璃料。按氧化物含量計，所述Pb-Bi-W-鹼金屬-Te-Mg系玻璃料可包括1重量%到30重量%的鉛、1重量%到25重量%的鉍、0.1重量%到7重量%的鎢、5重量%到8重量%的鹼金屬、10重量%到60重量%的碲以及0.1重量%到10重量%的鎂。在此範圍內，由所述組成物形成的電極在用於包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池中時可提供減小的串聯電阻，從而改善太陽能電池效率。In one example, the glass frit may be a Pb-Bi-W-alkali-Te-Mg-based glass frit including lead, bismuth, tungsten, alkali metal, tellurium, and magnesium. In terms of oxide content, the Pb-Bi-W-alkali-Te-Mg-based glass frit may include 1 wt% to 30 wt% lead, 1 wt% to 25 wt% bismuth, 0.1 wt% to 7 Tungsten by weight, 5% to 8% by weight alkali metal, 10% to 60% by weight tellurium, and 0.1% to 10% by weight magnesium. Within this range, the electrode formed from the composition may provide reduced series resistance when used in a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer, thereby improving solar cell efficiency.
在另一實例中，所述玻璃料可為包括鉛、鉍、鎢、鹼金屬、碲、鎂及鋅的Pb-Bi-W-鹼金屬-Te-Mg-Zn系玻璃料。按氧化物含量計，所述Pb-Bi-W-鹼金屬-Te-Mg-Zn系玻璃料可包括1重量%到30重量%的鉛、1重量%到25重量%的鉍、0.1重量%到7重量%的鎢、5重量%到8重量%的鹼金屬、10重量%到60重量%的碲、0.1重量%到10重量%的鎂以及1重量%到30重量%的鋅。在此範圍內，由所述組成物形成的電極在用於包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池中時可提供減小的串聯電阻，從而改善太陽能電池效率。In another example, the glass frit may be a Pb-Bi-W-alkali-Te-Mg-Zn-based glass frit including lead, bismuth, tungsten, alkali metal, tellurium, magnesium, and zinc. In terms of oxide content, the Pb-Bi-W-alkali-Te-Mg-Zn glass frit may include 1 wt% to 30 wt% lead, 1 wt% to 25 wt% bismuth, 0.1 wt% Tungsten to 7% by weight, alkali metal from 5% to 8% by weight, tellurium from 10% to 60% by weight, magnesium from 0.1% to 10% by weight, and zinc from 1% to 30% by weight. Within this range, the electrode formed from the composition may provide reduced series resistance when used in a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer, thereby improving solar cell efficiency.
在又一實例中，所述玻璃料可為包括鉛、鉍、鎢、鹼金屬、碲、鎂及鉬的Pb-Bi-W-鹼金屬-Te-Mg-Mo系玻璃料。按氧化物含量計，所述Pb-Bi-W-鹼金屬-Te-Mg-Mo系玻璃料可包括1重量%到30重量%的鉛、1重量%到25重量%的鉍、0.1重量%到7重量%的鎢、5重量%到8重量%的鹼金屬、10重量%到60重量%的碲、0.1重量%到10重量%的鎂以及0.1重量%到5重量%的鉬。在此範圍內，由所述組成物形成的電極在用於包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池中時可提供減小的串聯電阻，從而改善太陽能電池效率。In yet another example, the glass frit may be a Pb-Bi-W-alkali-Te-Mg-Mo-based glass frit including lead, bismuth, tungsten, alkali metal, tellurium, magnesium, and molybdenum. In terms of oxide content, the Pb-Bi-W-alkali-Te-Mg-Mo glass frit may include 1% to 30% by weight of lead, 1% to 25% by weight of bismuth, 0.1% by weight Tungsten to 7% by weight, alkali metal from 5% to 8% by weight, tellurium from 10% to 60% by weight, magnesium from 0.1% to 10% by weight, and molybdenum from 0.1% to 5% by weight. Within this range, the electrode formed from the composition may provide reduced series resistance when used in a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer, thereby improving solar cell efficiency.
在再一實例中，所述玻璃料可為包括鉛、鉍、鎢、鹼金屬、碲、鎂、鉬及鋅的Pb-Bi-W-鹼金屬-Te-Mg-Mo-Zn系玻璃料。按氧化物含量計，所述Pb-Bi-W-鹼金屬-Te-Mg-Mo-Zn系玻璃料可包括1重量%到30重量%的鉛、1重量%到25重量%的鉍、0.1重量%到7重量%的鎢、5重量%到8重量%的鹼金屬、10重量%到60重量%的碲、0.1重量%到10重量%的鎂、0.1重量%到5重量%的鉬以及1重量%到30重量%的鋅。在此範圍內，由所述組成物形成的電極在用於包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池中時可提供減小的串聯電阻，從而改善太陽能電池效率。In yet another example, the glass frit may be a Pb-Bi-W-alkali-Te-Mg-Mo-Zn-based glass frit including lead, bismuth, tungsten, alkali metal, tellurium, magnesium, molybdenum, and zinc. In terms of oxide content, the Pb-Bi-W-alkali-Te-Mg-Mo-Zn glass frit may include 1 wt% to 30 wt% lead, 1 wt% to 25 wt% bismuth, 0.1 Weight percent to 7 weight percent tungsten, 5 weight percent to 8 weight percent alkali metal, 10 weight percent to 60 weight percent tellurium, 0.1 weight percent to 10 weight percent magnesium, 0.1 weight percent to 5 weight percent molybdenum, and 1% to 30% by weight of zinc. Within this range, the electrode formed from the composition may provide reduced series resistance when used in a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer, thereby improving solar cell efficiency.
所述玻璃料的形狀及大小不受特別限制。舉例來說，所述玻璃料可具有0.1 µm到10 µm的平均粒徑（D50）。所述玻璃料的顆粒形狀可為球形或無固定形狀。此處，可在25℃下將玻璃料粉分散在異丙醇（isopropyl alcohol，IPA）中經由超聲波作用3分鐘之後，利用粒徑分析儀（型號1064LD，西萊斯有限公司（CILAS Co., Ltd.））來測量平均粒徑（D50）。優選地，所述玻璃料具有0.5 µm到10 µm、更優選地0.5 µm到2.0 µm、例如0.1 µm、0.5 µm、1 µm、2 µm、3 µm、4 µm、5 µm、6 µm、7 µm、8 µm、9 µm或10 µm的平均粒徑（D50）。The shape and size of the glass frit are not particularly limited. For example, the glass frit may have an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.1 µm to 10 µm. The particle shape of the glass frit may be spherical or non-fixed. Here, the glass frit powder can be dispersed in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at 25°C for 3 minutes via ultrasonic wave, and then a particle size analyzer (model 1064LD, CILAS Co., Ltd., Ltd.)) to measure the average particle size (D50). Preferably, the glass frit has 0.5 µm to 10 µm, more preferably 0.5 µm to 2.0 µm, for example 0.1 µm, 0.5 µm, 1 µm, 2 µm, 3 µm, 4 µm, 5 µm, 6 µm, 7 µm , 8 µm, 9 µm or 10 µm average particle size (D50).
可通過所屬領域中已知的任何適當方法利用氧化鉛、氧化鉍、氧化鎢及鹼金屬氧化物及金屬及/或金屬氧化物來製備玻璃料。舉例來說，可通過以下方式來製備玻璃料：利用球磨機或行星式磨機將氧化鉛、氧化鉍、氧化鎢及鹼金屬氧化物以及金屬及/或金屬氧化物進行混合，在約800℃到1300℃下對所述混合物進行熔融，並將所述經熔融混合物淬火到25℃，然後利用盤磨機、行星式磨機等將所獲得的產物粉碎。The glass frit can be prepared by any suitable method known in the art using lead oxide, bismuth oxide, tungsten oxide, and alkali metal oxides and metals and/or metal oxides. For example, the glass frit can be prepared by mixing lead oxide, bismuth oxide, tungsten oxide and alkali metal oxide and metal and/or metal oxide using a ball mill or planetary mill, at a temperature of about 800°C to The mixture was melted at 1300°C, and the molten mixture was quenched to 25°C, and then the obtained product was pulverized using a disc mill, a planetary mill, or the like.
以用於太陽能電池電極的組成物的總重量計，可存在0.1重量%到20重量%、具體來說0.5重量%到10重量%、0.8重量%到5重量%、例如0.1重量%、0.5重量%、0.8重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%或20重量%的量的玻璃料。在此範圍內，由所述組成物形成的電極可在串聯電阻、開路電壓及短路電流方面表現出良好的性質，從而在具有良好電性性質及改善的黏合力的同時改善太陽能電池效率。 [有機載體]Based on the total weight of the composition for the solar cell electrode, there may be 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, specifically 0.5% by weight to 10% by weight, 0.8% by weight to 5% by weight, for example 0.1% by weight, 0.5% by weight %, 0.8 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, A glass frit in an amount of 12% by weight, 13% by weight, 14% by weight, 15% by weight, 16% by weight, 17% by weight, 18% by weight, 19% by weight or 20% by weight. Within this range, the electrode formed from the composition can exhibit good properties in terms of series resistance, open circuit voltage, and short circuit current, thereby improving solar cell efficiency while having good electrical properties and improved adhesion. [Organic carrier]
有機載體通過與用於太陽能電池電極的組成物的無機組分進行機械混合而對所述組成物賦予適合於印刷的合適的黏度及流變特性。The organic carrier imparts suitable viscosity and rheological properties suitable for printing to the composition by mechanically mixing with the inorganic component of the composition for solar cell electrodes.
有機載體可為用於太陽能電池電極的組成物中所用的任何典型有機載體，且一般來說可包括黏合劑樹脂、溶劑等。The organic carrier may be any typical organic carrier used in the composition of the solar cell electrode, and generally may include a binder resin, a solvent, and the like.
黏合劑樹脂可選自丙烯酸酯樹脂或纖維素樹脂。一般使用乙基纖維素作為所述黏合劑樹脂。此外，黏合劑樹脂可為乙基羥乙基纖維素（ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose）、硝基纖維素（nitrocellulose）、乙基纖維素與酚醛樹脂（phenol resin）的摻合物、醇酸樹脂（alkyd resin）、酚醛樹脂（phenol resin）、丙烯酸酯樹脂（acrylate ester resin）、二甲苯樹脂（xylene resin）、聚丁烯樹脂（polybutene resin）、聚酯樹脂（polyester resin）、脲樹脂（urea resin）、三聚氰胺樹脂（melamine resin）、乙酸乙烯酯樹脂（vinyl acetate resin）、木松香（wood rosin）、或醇的聚甲基丙烯酸酯（polymethacrylate of alcohol）等等。The binder resin may be selected from acrylate resin or cellulose resin. As the binder resin, ethyl cellulose is generally used. In addition, the binder resin may be ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose), nitrocellulose (nitrocellulose), ethyl cellulose and phenol resin (phenol resin) blend, alkyd resin (alkyd resin ), phenol resin, acrylate ester resin, xylene resin, polybutene resin, polyester resin, urea resin, Melamine resin (melamine resin), vinyl acetate resin (vinyl acetate resin), wood rosin (wood rosin), or alcohol polymethacrylate (polymethacrylate of alcohol) and so on.
溶劑可為例如己烷、甲苯、乙基溶纖劑、環己酮、丁基溶纖劑、丁基卡必醇（二乙二醇單丁醚）、二丁基卡必醇（二乙二醇二丁醚）、丁基卡必醇乙酸酯（二乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯）、丙二醇單甲醚、己二醇、萜品醇、甲基乙基酮、苯甲醇、γ-丁內酯及乳酸乙酯。這些溶劑可單獨使用或以其中二種或更多種的混合物形式使用。The solvent may be, for example, hexane, toluene, ethyl cellosolve, cyclohexanone, butyl cellosolve, butyl carbitol (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether), dibutyl carbitol (diethylene glycol di Butyl ether), butyl carbitol acetate (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate), propylene glycol monomethyl ether, hexanediol, terpineol, methyl ethyl ketone, benzyl alcohol, γ-butyl Lactone and ethyl lactate. These solvents may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more thereof.
用於太陽能電池電極的組成物可包括餘量的有機載體。優選地，以用於太陽能電池電極的組成物的總重量計，存在1重量%到30重量%、例如1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%、20重量%、21重量%、22重量%、23重量%、24重量%、25重量%、26重量%、27重量%、28重量%、29重量%或30重量%的量的有機載體。在此範圍內，有機載體可對所述組成物提供足夠的黏合強度及良好的可印刷性。 [添加劑]The composition for the solar cell electrode may include the balance of the organic carrier. Preferably, based on the total weight of the composition for the solar cell electrode, there is 1% to 30% by weight, such as 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight , 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 Organic in an amount of wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt%, 26 wt%, 27 wt%, 28 wt%, 29 wt% or 30 wt% Carrier. Within this range, the organic vehicle can provide sufficient adhesion strength and good printability to the composition. [additive]
根據本發明的用於太陽能電池電極的組成物，可視需要進一步包括任何典型添加劑以增強流動性、加工性及穩定性。所述添加劑可包括分散劑、觸變劑、塑化劑、黏度穩定劑、消泡劑、顏料、紫外線穩定劑、抗氧化劑、及偶合劑等。這些添加劑可單獨使用或以混合物形式使用。以用於太陽能電池電極的組成物的總重量計，可存在0.1重量%到5重量%、例如0.1重量%、0.5重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%或5重量%的量的添加劑，但所述添加劑的含量可視需要進行改變。 [太陽能電池電極及包括所述太陽能電池電極的太陽能電池]The composition for solar cell electrodes according to the present invention may further include any typical additives as needed to enhance flowability, processability and stability. The additives may include dispersants, thixotropic agents, plasticizers, viscosity stabilizers, defoamers, pigments, ultraviolet stabilizers, antioxidants, and coupling agents. These additives can be used alone or in a mixture. Based on the total weight of the composition for the solar cell electrode, there may be 0.1% to 5% by weight, such as 0.1% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, or 5 Additives in an amount of% by weight, but the content of the additives can be changed as needed. [Solar cell electrode and solar cell including the solar cell electrode]
本發明的其他方面涉及一種由用於太陽能電池電極的組成物形成的電極以及包括所述電極的太陽能電池。Another aspect of the present invention relates to an electrode formed of a composition for a solar cell electrode and a solar cell including the electrode.
根據本發明的太陽能電池包括：晶片，形成在所述晶片的至少一個表面上的氧化鋁層以及與所述氧化鋁層鄰接的電極，其中所述電極是由根據本發明用於太陽能電池電極的組成物形成的。舉例來說，根據本發明的太陽能電池可包括具有鈍化射極及背電極（passivated emitter and rear cell，PERC）結構的太陽能電池，但並不僅限於此。根據本發明用於太陽能電池電極的組成物可用於形成前電極或後電極，優選地為在太陽能電池的光接收表面上形成的前電極。The solar cell according to the present invention includes: a wafer, an aluminum oxide layer formed on at least one surface of the wafer, and an electrode adjacent to the aluminum oxide layer, wherein the electrode is used for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention The composition is formed. For example, the solar cell according to the present invention may include a solar cell having a passive emitter and rear cell (PERC) structure, but it is not limited thereto. The composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention can be used to form a front electrode or a rear electrode, preferably a front electrode formed on a light receiving surface of a solar cell.
圖1為根據本發明一個實例的太陽能電池的示意性剖視圖。FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell according to an example of the present invention.
參照圖1，根據本實例的太陽能電池可包括晶片20，晶片20包括p層（或n層）及n層（或p層）作為射極。Referring to FIG. 1, the solar cell according to the present example may include a
晶片20的上表面對應於太陽能電池的前側。在晶片20的上表面上，依序形成氧化矽層30、氮化矽層32以及氧化鋁層34。在晶片20的上表面上形成前電極10，以與氧化矽層30、氮化矽層32以及氧化鋁層34鄰接。前電極10可由根據本發明用於太陽能電池電極的組成物形成。The upper surface of the
儘管氧化矽層30、氮化矽層32以及氧化鋁層34在圖1中被示出為以此次序形成於晶片20的上表面上，但應理解，本發明並不僅限於此，且這些層的堆疊次序可視需要進行改變。舉例來說，可以氧化矽層30、氧化鋁層34以及氮化矽層32的次序堆疊在晶片20的上表面上。Although the
晶片20的下表面對應於太陽能電池的後側，且後電極40形成在晶片20的下表面上。The lower surface of the
儘管在圖1中未示出，但氧化矽層30、氮化矽層32以及氧化鋁層34中的至少一者可具有紋理化結構。Although not shown in FIG. 1, at least one of the
此外，儘管在圖1中未示出，但氧化矽層30、氮化矽層32以及氧化鋁層34中的至少一者可進一步形成在晶片20的下表面上以鄰接後電極40。In addition, although not shown in FIG. 1, at least one of the
舉例來說，可通過以下方式來執行製備前電極10的初步製程：通過印刷將用於太陽能電池電極的組成物沉積在晶片20的前表面上，然後在約200℃到約400℃下乾燥約10秒到60秒。然後，可使經乾燥的組成物在400℃到950℃下、優選地在600℃到850℃下經受烘烤達約30秒到210秒，從而製備前電極10。For example, the preliminary process for preparing the
接下來，將參照實例來更詳細地闡述本發明。然而，應注意，提供這些實例僅用於說明，且不應理解為以任何方式限制本發明。Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to examples. However, it should be noted that these examples are provided for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
表1示出在實例及比較例中使用的玻璃料的組成詳細內容。每一玻璃料是通過以下方式製備的：根據表1中列出不同組合的金屬氧化物以各成份在表1中列出的量（單位：重量份）混合，在800℃到1300℃下使所得的玻璃料熔融，並使熔融的組成物淬火到25℃，然後利用盤磨機等將所獲得的產物粉碎。Table 1 shows the details of the composition of the glass frit used in Examples and Comparative Examples. Each glass frit is prepared in the following way: according to the different combinations of metal oxides listed in Table 1 in the amounts listed in Table 1 (unit: parts by weight) of each component, mixed at 800 ℃ to 1300 ℃ The obtained glass frit was melted, and the molten composition was quenched to 25°C, and then the obtained product was pulverized using a disc mill or the like.
表1
作為有機黏合劑，在60℃下將2.0重量份的乙基纖維素（STD4，陶氏化學公司（Dow Chemical Company））充分溶解在6.75重量份的萜品醇中，然後向所述黏合劑溶液中添加了90.0重量份的平均粒徑為2.0 µm的球形銀粉（AG-4-8，Dowa Hightech Co., Ltd.）以及1.25重量份的在表1中示出的玻璃料A，然後在3輥捏合機（3-roll kneader）中進行混合及捏合，從而製備用於太陽能電池電極的組成物。 [實例2到實例9]As an organic binder, 2.0 parts by weight of ethyl cellulose (STD4, Dow Chemical Company) was fully dissolved in 6.75 parts by weight of terpineol at 60°C, and then to the binder solution 90.0 parts by weight of spherical silver powder with an average particle diameter of 2.0 µm (AG-4-8, Dowa Hightech Co., Ltd.) and 1.25 parts by weight of glass frit A shown in Table 1 were added, and then 3 Mixing and kneading are performed in a 3-roll kneader to prepare a composition for solar cell electrodes. [Example 2 to Example 9]
除了如在表2中所列，改變所使用玻璃料的種類以外，以與實例1相同的方式製備用於太陽能電池電極的組成物。 [比較例1到比較例8]A composition for solar cell electrodes was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the kind of glass frit used was changed as listed in Table 2. [Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 8]
除了如在表2中所列，改變所使用玻璃料的種類以外，以與實例1相同的方式製備用於太陽能電池電極的組成物。 [製作及評估太陽能電池]A composition for solar cell electrodes was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the kind of glass frit used was changed as listed in Table 2. [Making and evaluating solar cells]
利用在實例及比較例中製備的每一組成物製作了太陽能電池，然後如下所述的對其進行了評估，結果示出於表2中。A solar cell was produced using each composition prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples, and then evaluated as described below. The results are shown in Table 2.
通過以預定圖案進行絲網印刷、然後在紅外線乾燥爐中在300℃下進行乾燥達1分鐘而將在實例以及比較例中製備的用於太陽能電池電極的組成物中的每一者沉積在晶片（通過對摻雜有硼（B）的p型晶片的前表面進行紋理化、在紋理化表面上形成POCl3 的n+層、並在n+層上依序形成氧化鋁層及氧化矽層而製備的單晶晶片）的前表面之上。接著，將鋁膏印刷在晶片的後表面上並以與前述相同的方式進行乾燥，從而形成指狀電極以及匯流排電極圖案。在帶型（belt-type）烘烤爐中在800°C下對根據此程序而形成的電池進行了烘烤達50秒，從而製作太陽能電池。Each of the compositions for solar cell electrodes prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples was deposited on a wafer by screen printing in a predetermined pattern and then drying at 300° C. for 1 minute in an infrared drying oven. (Prepared by texturing the front surface of a p-type wafer doped with boron (B), forming an n+ layer of POCl 3 on the textured surface, and sequentially forming an aluminum oxide layer and a silicon oxide layer on the n+ layer Single crystal wafer) above the front surface. Next, an aluminum paste is printed on the back surface of the wafer and dried in the same manner as described above, thereby forming finger electrode and bus bar electrode patterns. The battery formed according to this procedure was baked in a belt-type baking oven at 800°C for 50 seconds to produce a solar cell.
利用h.a.l.m.太陽能電池性能測試儀在短路電流（Isc，單位：A）、開路電壓（Voc，單位：mV）、串聯電阻（Rs，單位：mΩ）、轉換效率（Eff，單位：%）以及填充因數（FF，單位：%）方面對所製作的太陽能電池進行了評估。Use the halm solar cell performance tester in short-circuit current (Isc, unit: A), open circuit voltage (Voc, unit: mV), series resistance (Rs, unit: mΩ), conversion efficiency (Eff, unit: %) and fill factor (FF, unit: %) evaluated the solar cell produced.
表2
如在表2中所示，可以看出，由根據本發明用於太陽能電池電極的組成物形成的電極可在形成包括氧化鋁層的太陽能電池的電極時表現出減小的串聯電阻，同時改善太陽能電池的轉換效率。As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the electrode formed from the composition for a solar cell electrode according to the present invention can show reduced series resistance while forming an electrode of a solar cell including an aluminum oxide layer while improving Conversion efficiency of solar cells.
應理解，在不背離本發明的精神及範圍條件下，所屬領域中的技術人員可做出各種修改、改變、變更及等效實例。It should be understood that various modifications, changes, alterations, and equivalent examples can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
10‧‧‧前電極
20‧‧‧晶片
30‧‧‧氧化矽層
32‧‧‧氮化矽層
34‧‧‧氧化鋁層
40‧‧‧後電極10‧‧‧
圖1是根據本發明一個實例的太陽能電池的示意性剖視圖。FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell according to an example of the present invention.
10‧‧‧前電極 10‧‧‧Front electrode
20‧‧‧晶片 20‧‧‧chip
30‧‧‧氧化矽層 30‧‧‧Silicon oxide layer
32‧‧‧氮化矽層 32‧‧‧Silicon nitride layer
34‧‧‧氧化鋁層 34‧‧‧Alumina layer
40‧‧‧後電極 40‧‧‧Rear electrode
Claims (9)
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| US9899545B2 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2018-02-20 | Cheil Industries, Inc. | Composition for forming solar cell electrode and electrode produced from same |
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2019
- 2019-04-23 TW TW108114056A patent/TWI741283B/en active
- 2019-06-06 CN CN201910492022.7A patent/CN110797134B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI741283B (en) | 2021-10-01 |
| KR20200015318A (en) | 2020-02-12 |
| CN110797134A (en) | 2020-02-14 |
| CN110797134B (en) | 2022-04-01 |
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