[高分子微粒子] 本發明之微粒子係包括包含親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)之殼部及包含疏水性聚合物(b)之核部之核-殼型高分子微粒子。首先，對本發明之微粒子進行詳細說明。 於本發明之微粒子中，殼部係以將核部表面之一部分或全部覆蓋之方式設置。作為本發明之微粒子，就低毒性、多功能性之觀點而言，較佳為殼部包含親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)且核部包含疏水性聚合物(b)者。 作為親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)，較佳為下述式(1)所表示者。 [化2][式(1)中，R1
表示碳數1～5之烷二基，R2
表示氫原子或碳數1～3之烷基，n為1～10之整數] 式(1)中，R1
所表示之烷二基之碳數較佳為2～4，更佳為2或3，尤佳為2。烷二基可為直鏈狀亦可為支鏈狀，具體而言，可列舉：甲烷-1,1-二基、乙烷-1,1-二基、乙烷-1,2-二基、丙烷-1,1-二基、丙烷-1,2-二基、丙烷-1,3-二基、丙烷-2,2-二基、丁烷-1,4-二基、戊烷-1,5-二基等。 R2
所表示之烷基之碳數較佳為1或2。烷基可為直鏈狀亦可為支鏈狀，具體而言，可列舉：甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基。該等之中，作為烷基，較佳為甲基、乙基，更佳為甲基。 n為1～10之整數，較佳為1～6之整數，更佳為1～4之整數，尤佳為1～3之整數。再者，於n為2～10之整數之情形時，n個R1
可相同亦可不同。 作為構成親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)之單體，較佳為單官能性乙烯醚化合物。 作為上述單體，具體而言，可列舉：2-羥基乙基乙烯醚、3-羥基丙基乙烯醚、4-羥基丁基乙烯醚、二乙二醇單乙烯醚、2-甲氧基乙基乙烯醚、2-乙氧基乙基乙烯醚、2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基乙烯醚、2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙基乙烯醚、2-(2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙基乙烯醚、2-(2-(2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氧基)乙基乙烯醚、2-(2-(2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙氧基)乙基乙烯醚等。 親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)可為選自上述單體中之1種之均聚物，亦可為包含2種以上之共聚物。再者，於親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)為共聚物之情形時，該共聚物可為嵌段共聚物、無規共聚物中之任一者。 親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)之數量平均分子量較佳為2500～100000，更佳為5000～75000。又，分子量分佈較佳為1.0～5.0，更佳為1.1～3.0。 再者，本說明書中之數量平均分子量、分子量分佈可藉由GPC(Gel Permeation Chromatography，凝膠滲透層析法)等進行測定。 疏水性聚合物(b)只要為與水之親和性較低之聚合物即可。 作為構成疏水性聚合物(b)之單體，較佳為具有自由基聚合性之疏水性單體，更佳為疏水性之單官能聚合性化合物。 作為上述單體，例如可列舉：烯烴、乙烯系芳香族化合物、(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸衍生物、(甲基)丙烯醯胺、(甲基)丙烯醯胺衍生物、飽和脂肪族羧酸之乙烯酯等。該等單體之中，較佳為選自乙烯系芳香族化合物、(甲基)丙烯酸衍生物、(甲基)丙烯醯胺衍生物、及飽和脂肪族羧酸之乙烯酯中之1種或2種以上。 疏水性聚合物(b)可為選自上述單體中之1種之均聚物，亦可為包含2種以上之共聚物。再者，於疏水性聚合物(b)為共聚物之情形時，該共聚物可為嵌段共聚物、無規共聚物中之任一者。 作為上述烯烴，較佳為碳數6～14之烯烴。又，烯烴可為鏈狀烯烴亦可為環狀烯烴。作為烯烴，具體而言，可列舉：己烯、辛烯、環己烯、環辛烯、乙烯基環己烯等。 作為上述乙烯系芳香族化合物，較佳為下述式(2)所表示之化合物。 [化3][式(2)中，環Q表示芳香環，R3
表示氫原子或甲基，R4
表示烷基、烷氧基、羥基或鹵素原子，p為0～4之整數] 式(2)中，作為環Q，較佳為苯環、萘環、吡啶環，更佳為苯環、萘環，尤佳為苯環。 式(2)中，作為R4
所表示之烷基之碳數，較佳為1～4，更佳為1或2。又，該烷基可為直鏈狀亦可為支鏈狀，具體而言，可列舉：甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基等。 又，作為R4
所表示之烷氧基之碳數，較佳為1～4，更佳為1或2。又，該烷氧基可為直鏈狀亦可為支鏈狀，具體而言，可列舉：甲氧基、乙氧基等。 又，作為R4
所表示之鹵素原子，可列舉：氟原子、氯原子、溴原子等。 又，p為0～4之整數，較佳為0或1。再者，於p為2～4之整數之情形時，p個R4
可相同亦可不同。 作為乙烯系芳香族化合物，具體而言，可列舉：苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、第三丁基苯乙烯(鄰、間、對體)、第三丁氧基苯乙烯(鄰、間、對體)、羥基苯乙烯(鄰、間、對體)、乙烯基萘等。 作為上述(甲基)丙烯酸衍生物，較佳為(甲基)丙烯酸酯，更佳為(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯，尤佳為下述式(3)所表示之化合物。 [化4][式(3)中，R5
表示氫原子或甲基，R6
表示碳數1～10之直鏈狀或支鏈狀之烷基]。 R6
所表示之烷基之碳數較佳為1～8，更佳為1～6，尤佳為1～4。作為該烷基，具體而言，可列舉：甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、2-乙基己基等。 作為(甲基)丙烯酸衍生物，具體而言，可列舉：(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸第三丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯等。 作為上述(甲基)丙烯醯胺衍生物，較佳為N-烷基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二烷基(甲基)丙烯醯胺，更佳為N-C1-10
烷基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二C1-10
烷基(甲基)丙烯醯胺。 作為N-C1-10
烷基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二C1-10
烷基(甲基)丙烯醯胺中之烷基，可列舉與R6
所表示之烷基相同者。 作為(甲基)丙烯醯胺衍生物，具體而言，可列舉：N-甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-乙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N-異丙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基(甲基)丙烯醯胺、N,N-二乙基(甲基)丙烯醯胺等。 作為上述飽和脂肪族羧酸之乙烯酯，較佳為下述式(4)所表示之化合物。 [化5][式(4)中，R7
表示碳數1～14之直鏈狀或支鏈狀之烷基] R7
所表示之烷基之碳數較佳為1～12，更佳為1～8，進而較佳為1～4，尤佳為1或2。作為該烷基，具體而言，可列舉：甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基等。 作為飽和脂肪族羧酸之乙烯酯，具體而言，可列舉：乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、己酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯等。 疏水性聚合物(b)之數量平均分子量較佳為2500～250000，更佳為8500～130000。又，分子量分佈較佳為1.0～5.0，更佳為1.1～3.5。 本發明之微粒子中所含之親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)、疏水性聚合物(b)較佳為線性聚合物。所謂線性聚合物，係指具有線性之分子結構之聚合物，係包括具有包含較長之直鏈狀之主鏈及與其鍵結之相對較短之側鏈之結構之聚合物之概念。 又，親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)、疏水性聚合物(b)較佳為非離子性聚合物。 又，本發明之微粒子較佳為親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)與疏水性聚合物(b)之一部分或全部進行化學鍵結而成者，更佳為親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)之末端與疏水性聚合物(b)之末端進行化學鍵結而成者。 又，關於本發明之微粒子之平均粒徑，就核部之化學特性之表現性之觀點而言，較佳為100 nm以上，更佳為200 nm以上，進而較佳為250 nm以上，尤佳為300 nm以上，又，就經時性分散穩定性之觀點而言，較佳為2000 nm以下，更佳為1500 nm以下。 粒徑分佈(PDI)較佳為0.005以上，更佳為0.01以上，尤佳為0.02以上，又，較佳為0.9以下，更佳為0.8以下，尤佳為0.7以下。 變異係數(CV)較佳為1%以上，更佳為2%以上，尤佳為2.5%以上，又，較佳為7%以下，更佳為6%以下，尤佳為5.5%以下。 於本說明書中，平均粒徑係指藉由動態光散射法測定之體積平均粒徑，平均粒徑、粒徑分佈(PDI)及變異係數(CV)具體而言可藉由下述實施例中記載之方法進行測定。 親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)之含量相對於本發明之微粒子總質量，較佳為5質量%以上，更佳為10質量%以上，尤佳為15質量%以上，又，較佳為95質量%以下，更佳為90質量%以下，進而較佳為85質量%以下，尤佳為80質量%以下。 疏水性聚合物(b)之含量相對於本發明之微粒子總質量，較佳為5質量%以上，更佳為10質量%以上，進而較佳為15質量%以上，尤佳為20質量%以上，又，較佳為95質量%以下，更佳為90質量%以下，尤佳為85質量%以下。 親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)與疏水性聚合物(b)之含有質量比[(a)：(b)]根據所需之粒徑或用途適當選擇即可，就分散性之觀點而言，較佳為10：1～1：10之範圍，更佳為7.5：1～1：7.5之範圍，尤佳為5：1～1：5之範圍。 再者，親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)、疏水性聚合物(b)之含量可藉由下述方式進行測定，即，將含微粒子之溶液以3000 rpm左右之旋轉速度進行離心分離後，對其上清液中存在之非微粒子成分進行1
H NMR分析。 而且，本發明之微粒子可藉由不使用界面活性劑或高分子偶氮起始劑之方法進行製造，對水性介質顯示良好之分散性，且作為分散劑或金屬保護穩定劑、金屬吸附劑等有用。又，可藉由不會產生自由基聚合起始劑(例如高分子偶氮起始劑等偶氮系起始劑)之分解產物之系統進行製造，本發明之微粒子中包含未附著、殘留有上述分解產物或界面活性劑之微粒子。 又，本發明之微粒子可根據所需之性能或用途，分別廣泛地自親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)選定殼部，自疏水性聚合物(b)選定核部，且可應用於塗料或接著劑、化妝品、金屬等之分散劑、樹脂改質劑、金屬保護穩定劑、金屬吸附、回收劑、診斷試劑(乳膠診斷試劑等)、藥物遞送系統等用途。作為上述金屬，可列舉：釕、鋨等第8族金屬；銠、銥等第9族金屬；鎳、鈀、鉑等第10族金屬；銀、金等第11族金屬；其等之離子；亦可為0價之金屬。又，亦可為HAuCl4
等金屬化合物或其離子。該等之中，本發明之微粒子適於第11族金屬或第11族金屬化合物、其等之離子之分散、保護穩定化、吸附。再者，所謂金屬之保護穩定化，係指於分散介質中使金屬穩定地分散。 [微粒子之製造方法] 其次，對本發明之微粒子製造方法進行詳細說明。 本發明之核-殼型高分子微粒子之製造方法之特徵在於包括使親水性乙烯醚聚合物與疏水性單體於水性介質中進行乳化聚合之聚合步驟。藉由本發明之微粒子製造方法，可製造本發明之微粒子。 作為上述乳化聚合之方法，具體而言，可列舉使親水性乙烯醚聚合物、疏水性單體、水性介質及自由基聚合起始劑含有於容器中而進行聚合反應之方法。於使用此種自由基聚合起始劑之方法之情形時，親水性乙烯醚聚合物末端之氫原子等被自由基聚合起始劑奪取而產生活性部位，自該活性部位生成疏水性聚合物(b)。 作為親水性乙烯醚聚合物，可列舉與作為親水性乙烯醚聚合物(a)列舉者相同者，作為本發明之微粒子製造方法中使用之親水性乙烯醚聚合物，較佳為單末端或兩末端為氫原子者。 親水性乙烯醚聚合物之使用量相對於親水性乙烯醚聚合物與疏水性單體之合計100質量份，較佳為5質量份以上，更佳為10質量份以上，尤佳為15質量份以上，又，較佳為95質量份以下，更佳為90質量份以下，進而較佳為85質量份以下，尤佳為80質量份以下。 再者，親水性乙烯醚聚合物之合成可使用公知之方法。例如可列舉日本專利5936184號公報中記載之方法。 作為疏水性單體，可列舉與作為構成疏水性聚合物(b)之單體列舉者相同者。 疏水性單體之使用量相對於親水性乙烯醚聚合物與疏水性單體之合計100質量份，較佳為5質量份以上，更佳為10質量份以上，進而較佳為15質量份以上，尤佳為20質量份以上，又，較佳為95質量份以下，更佳為90質量份以下，尤佳為85質量份以下。 再者，親水性乙烯醚聚合物與疏水性單體之合計使用量相對於聚合性化合物(再者，該聚合性化合物包含聚合物及非聚合物)總量，較佳為90～100質量%，更佳為95～100質量%，尤佳為99～100質量%。 上述自由基聚合起始劑並無特別限定，較佳為藉由熱產生自由基之水溶性聚合起始劑。又，就低毒性等觀點而言，較佳為高分子偶氮起始劑以外之起始劑，更佳為非聚合物之自由基聚合起始劑、非聚合性之自由基聚合起始劑。 作為自由基聚合起始劑，例如可列舉：2,2'-偶氮雙[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二氫氯化物、2,2'-偶氮雙(2-甲基丙脒)二氫氯化物、2,2'-偶氮雙[N-(2-羧基乙基)-2-甲基丙脒]四水合物、2,2'-偶氮雙[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]、2,2'-偶氮雙[2-甲基-N-(2-羥基乙基)丙醯胺]、4,4'-偶氮雙(4-氰基戊酸)等偶氮系聚合起始劑；氫過氧化異丙苯、過氧化二第三丁基、氫過氧化第三丁基、過氧化乙酸第三丁酯等有機過氧化物。自由基聚合起始劑可單獨使用1種亦可將2種以上組合而使用。 再者，上述自由基聚合起始劑係用於奪取親水性乙烯醚聚合物末端之氫原子等，於使用上述自由基聚合起始劑之情形時，起始劑之分解產物不會附著、殘留於所獲得之微粒子。 自由基聚合起始劑之使用量相對於疏水性單體100質量份，較佳為0.01～50質量份，更佳為0.1～10質量份，進而較佳為0.5～5質量份，尤佳為0.5～2.5質量份。根據本發明之微粒子製造方法，即便於如此自由基聚合起始劑為低濃度之情形時，亦可高效地獲得本發明之微粒子。 作為上述水性介質，可列舉：水；甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇等一元醇系溶劑；乙二醇等多元醇系溶劑；N,N-二甲基甲醯胺等醯胺系溶劑，且可單獨使用該等中之1種，亦可將2種以上組合而使用。再者，於混合溶劑之情形時，相對於水性介質總體積，較佳為將水設為50%(v/v)以上。 該等水性介質之中，較佳為水、水與選自一元醇系溶劑、多元醇系溶劑及醯胺系溶劑中之1種或2種以上之混合溶劑，更佳為水。 水性介質之使用量根據所需之粒徑或用途適當選擇即可，相對於親水性乙烯醚聚合物與疏水性單體之合計100質量份，較佳為100～3000質量份，更佳為200～2500質量份。 又，於聚合步驟中，各成分之使用比率較佳為於聚合反應液100質量份中，將親水性乙烯醚聚合物與疏水性單體之合計設為5～30質量份，將自由基聚合起始劑設為0.1～3質量份，將水性介質設為70～90質量份。 又，就減輕環境負荷之觀點而言，聚合步驟較佳為於不存在界面活性劑之狀態下進行。 又，聚合步驟之反應溫度較佳為20～100℃，更佳為40～80℃。 聚合步驟之反應時間根據試劑之種類、量、反應溫度而不同，較佳為2～50小時，更佳為3～30小時。 又，聚合步驟較佳為攪拌下進行。為了對聚合反應液賦予較大之剪力，攪拌速度較佳為儘可能快。例如，於在舒倫克(Schlenk)管中利用攪拌件進行攪拌之情形時，較佳為600 rpm以上。 而且，根據本發明之微粒子製造方法，即便於不使用界面活性劑或高分子偶氮起始劑之情形時，亦可簡便且工業上有利地製造以下之核-殼型高分子微粒子，該核-殼型高分子微粒子對水性介質顯示良好之分散性，且作為分散劑或金屬保護穩定劑、金屬吸附劑等有用。 [粒子分散液] 本發明之粒子分散液係分散有本發明之微粒子者。 作為分散介質，較佳為與上述聚合步驟中使用之水性介質相同者。微粒子之濃度相對於粒子分散液總量，較佳為0.01～30質量%，更佳為1～25質量%，尤佳為5～20質量%。 又，本發明之粒子分散液亦可為分散有本發明之微粒子以及金屬者。作為該金屬，可列舉：釕、鋨等第8族金屬；銠、銥等第9族金屬；鎳、鈀、鉑等第10族金屬；銀、金等第11族金屬；其等之離子；亦可為0價之金屬。又，亦可為HAuCl4
等金屬化合物或其離子。該等之中，較佳為第11族金屬或第11族金屬化合物、其等之離子。 [實施例] 以下，列舉實施例對本發明進行詳細說明，但本發明並不限定於該等實施例。再者，以下之實施例中之測定係依據以下之測定方法。 ＜掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)測定＞ SEM測定係使用日立高新技術公司製造之S-2600H，向接著有碳帶之鋁試樣台投入樣品(微粒子之水分散液)並充分地使之風乾後，蒸鍍金而進行。 ＜穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)測定＞ TEM測定係使用JEOL公司製造之JEM2100(附帶Gatan ORIUS SC200D CCD(Charge Coupled Device，電荷耦合器件)相機)，以200 kV之加速電壓進行。又，於藉由輝光放電對表面進行親水處理之碳塗佈銅網格(應研商事公司之ELS-C10)上滴加微粒子之水分散液5 μL，將多餘之分散液去除後，利用EM Stainer(日新EM公司)進行負染色，對所獲得之網格進行乾燥，將所得者用作樣品而進行測定。 ＜利用動態光散射(DLS)之粒徑測定＞ 利用DLS之粒徑測定係使用Malvern公司製造之Zetasizer Nano-ZSP，以173°之散射角進行。測定資料係利用Zeta Software Ver.7.02，藉由累積法進行分析，而算出粒徑(Dh
)及粒徑分佈(PDI)。又，所獲得之平均粒徑係利用9次以上之測定所獲得之結果，根據該粒徑測定結果之標準偏差算出變異係數(CV)。 ＜IR測定＞ IR測定係使用Varian公司製造之FTS-3000而進行。又，將微粒子以3000 rpm進行30分鐘離心分離後，對沈降物進行乾燥，將所得者用作樣品，藉由KBr錠劑法(實施例6、10、12)或於CaF2
之流延法(實施例11)進行測定。 ＜1
H NMR測定＞1
H NMR測定係使用JEOL公司製造之J NM-ECX500而進行。又，將微粒子以3000 rpm進行30分鐘離心分離後，使沈降物於重水中分散，將所得者用作樣品而進行測定(實施例6、10～12)。 ＜實施例1 核部為聚乙酸乙烯酯且殼部為聚(2-羥基乙基乙烯醚)之核-殼型高分子微粒子之製作＞ 於舒倫克管中，放入攪拌件、藉由已知之方法合成之聚(2-羥基乙基乙烯醚)(以下，記載為「PHEVE」，於實施例1～12中，使用藉由將DMF＋10 mM LiBr用作溶離液之GPC測得數量平均分子量為36500且分子量分佈為1.97之聚合物)0.2 g(2-羥基乙基乙烯醚單體換算計為2.3 mmol)、乙酸乙烯酯(以下，記載為「VAc」)1.0 g(11.6 mmol)、離子交換水5.0 g(280 mmol)、及2,2'-偶氮雙(2-甲基丙脒)二氫氯化物(和光純藥工業(股)製造之「V-50」，以下，記載為「AIBA」)10 mg(0.04 mmol，相對於乙酸乙烯酯單體100質量份為1質量份)，進行3次冷凍脫氣後，一面以60℃、600 rpm加熱24小時一面進行攪拌。聚合後，藉由於舒倫克管內導入空氣進行冷卻而使聚合停止，藉此獲得核部為聚乙酸乙烯酯且殼部為PHEVE之核-殼型高分子微粒子。 藉由利用DLS之粒徑測定獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為696 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.20，變異係數(CV)為2.7%。 ＜實施例2＞ 分別地，將VAc之使用量變更為0.5 g，將AIBA之使用量變更為5 mg，除此以外，藉由與實施例1相同之順序合成核-殼型高分子微粒子。 所獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為831 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.15，變異係數(CV)為3.0%。 ＜實施例3＞ 分別地，將VAc之使用量變更為0.25 g，將AIBA之使用量變更為2.5 mg，除此以外，藉由與實施例1相同之順序合成核-殼型高分子微粒子。 所獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為702 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.21，變異係數(CV)為3.1%。 ＜實施例4＞ 分別地，將PHEVE之使用量變更為0.1 g，將VAc之使用量變更為0.5 g，將AIBA之使用量變更為5 mg，除此以外，藉由與實施例1相同之順序合成核-殼型高分子微粒子。 所獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為1021 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.18，變異係數(CV)為2.9%。 ＜實施例5＞ 分別地，將PHEVE之使用量變更為0.05 g，將VAc之使用量變更為0.25 g，將AIBA之使用量變更為2.5 mg，除此以外，藉由與實施例1相同之順序合成核-殼型高分子微粒子。 所獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為725 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.02，變異係數(CV)為2.8%。 將實施例1～5之DLS資料表示於圖1。 ＜實施例6＞ 分別地，將PHEVE之使用量變更為0.05 g，將VAc之使用量變更為0.2 g，將AIBA之使用量變更為2 mg，將離子交換水之使用量變更為4.75 g，除此以外，藉由與實施例1相同之順序合成核-殼型高分子微粒子。 所獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為666 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.16，變異係數(CV)為3.2%。 分別地，將實施例6中所獲得之微粒子之SEM圖像、TEM圖像表示於圖2，將IR光譜表示於圖3，將1
H NMR光譜表示於圖4。 於IR光譜(圖3)中，於3500 cm-1
附近觀測到源自PHEVE之羥基之吸收，於1700 cm-1
附近觀測到源自聚乙酸乙烯酯之羰基之吸收。如此，確認到於微粒子中存在PHEVE及聚乙酸乙烯酯。 於1
H NMR光譜(圖4)中，未觀測到源自聚乙酸乙烯酯之訊號，僅觀測到源自PHEVE之訊號(3.5 ppm附近)。NMR訊號受到核之移動性之影響，因此，於重水中僅觀測到移動性良好之PHEVE，而未觀測到移動性較差之聚乙酸乙烯酯。根據該結果及IR光譜之結果、SEM、TEM之圖像，確認出實施例6中所獲得之微粒子係於水中以聚乙酸乙烯酯為核部且以PHEVE為殼部之核-殼結構。 ＜實施例7＞ 分別地，將PHEVE之使用量變更為0.1 g，將VAc之使用量變更為0.15 g，將AIBA之使用量變更為2 mg，將離子交換水之使用量變更為4.75 g，除此以外，藉由與實施例1相同之順序合成核-殼型高分子微粒子。 所獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為857 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.17，變異係數(CV)為3.1%。 ＜實施例8＞ 分別地，將PHEVE之使用量變更為0.15 g，將VAc之使用量變更為0.1 g，將AIBA之使用量變更為2 mg，將離子交換水之使用量變更為4.75 g，除此以外，藉由與實施例1相同之順序合成核-殼型高分子微粒子。 所獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為1387 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.18，變異係數(CV)為3.1%。 ＜實施例9＞ 分別地，將PHEVE之使用量變更為0.2 g，將VAc之使用量變更為0.05 g，將AIBA之使用量變更為2 mg，將離子交換水之使用量變更為4.75 g，除此以外，藉由與實施例1相同之順序合成核-殼型高分子微粒子。 所獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為299 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.16，變異係數(CV)為5.4%。 將實施例6～9之DLS資料表示於圖5。 ＜實施例10 核部為聚苯乙烯且殼部為PHEVE之核-殼型高分子微粒子之製作＞ 於短舒倫克管中，放入攪拌件、藉由已知之方法合成之PHEVE 0.05 g(2-羥基乙基乙烯醚單體換算計為0.6 mmol)、苯乙烯0.2 g(1.9 mmol)、離子交換水4.75 g(260 mmol)、及AIBA 2 mg(0.007 mmol，相對於苯乙烯單體100質量份為1質量份)，進行3次冷凍脫氣後，一面以60℃、600 rpm加熱24小時一面進行攪拌。聚合後，藉由於舒倫克管內導入空氣進行冷卻而使聚合停止，藉此獲得核部為聚苯乙烯且殼部為PHEVE之核-殼型高分子微粒子。 藉由利用DLS之粒徑測定獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為567 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.22，變異係數(CV)為3.5%。 ＜實施例11 核部為聚丙烯酸乙酯且殼部為PHEVE之核-殼型高分子微粒子之製作＞ 將苯乙烯變更為丙烯酸乙酯0.2 g(2.0 mmol)，除此以外，藉由與實施例10相同之順序合成核-殼型高分子微粒子。 所獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為546 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.02，變異係數(CV)為3.6%。 ＜實施例12 核部為聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯且殼部為PHEVE之核-殼型高分子微粒子之製作＞ 將苯乙烯變更為甲基丙烯酸甲酯0.2 g(2.0 mmol)，除此以外，藉由與實施例10相同之順序合成核-殼型高分子微粒子。 所獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為697 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.69，變異係數(CV)為3.1%。 分別地，將實施例10～12中所獲得之微粒子之SEM圖像、TEM圖像表示於圖6～8(實施例11僅有TEM圖像)，將IR光譜表示於圖9～11，將DLS資料表示於圖12，將1
H NMR光譜表示於圖13。 於IR光譜(圖9～11)中，於實施例10～12之任一光譜中，均於3500 cm-1
附近觀測到源自PHEVE之羥基之吸收。又，於實施例11及12之光譜中，於1700 cm-1
附近觀測到源自聚丙烯酸乙酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯之羰基之吸收，確認到於微粒子中存在PHEVE及聚丙烯酸乙酯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。 於1
H NMR光譜(圖13)中，於實施例10～12之任一光譜中，均未觀測到源自構成核部之聚合物之訊號，而僅觀測到源自PHEVE之訊號。NMR訊號受到核之移動性之影響，因此，於重水中觀測到移動性良好之PHEVE，而幾乎未觀測到移動性較差之聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸乙酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。根據該結果及IR光譜之結果、SEM、TEM之圖像，確認出實施例10～12中所獲得之微粒子係以聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸乙酯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯為核部且以PHEVE為殼部之核-殼結構。 ＜實施例13 核部為聚苯乙烯且殼部為聚(2-甲氧基乙基(乙烯基)醚)之核-殼型高分子微粒子之製作＞ 於短舒倫克管中，放入攪拌件、藉由已知之方法合成之聚(2-甲氧基乙基(乙烯基)醚)(以下，記載為「PMOVE」，使用藉由將DMF＋10 mM LiBr用作溶離液之GPC測得數量平均分子量為11500且分子量分佈為1.49之聚合物)0.05 g(2-甲氧基乙基(乙烯基)醚單體換算計為0.5 mmol)、苯乙烯0.2 g(1.9 mmol)、離子交換水4.75 g(260 mmol)、及AIBA 2 mg(0.007 mmol，相對於苯乙烯單體100質量份為1質量份)，進行3次冷凍脫氣後，一面以60℃、600 rpm加熱24小時一面進行攪拌。聚合後，藉由於舒倫克管內導入空氣進行冷卻而使聚合停止，藉此獲得核部為聚苯乙烯且殼部為PMOVE之核-殼型高分子微粒子。 藉由利用DLS之粒徑測定獲得之微粒子之粒徑(Dh
)為445 nm，粒徑分佈(PDI)為0.21，變異係數(CV)為3.9%。 分別地，將實施例13中所獲得之微粒子之DLS資料表示於圖14，將SEM圖像表示於圖15。 ＜試驗例1 分散穩定性確認試驗＞ 將實施例6中所獲得之微粒子與水進行混合，而製備1.0質量%水分散液。又，以相同之方式，製備實施例10中所獲得之微粒子之分散液、實施例13中所獲得之微粒子之分散液。 繼而，將各分散液(乳化液)於室溫下進行放置，自放置開始經過120天後，目視確認各分散液之狀態，結果，任一分散液均為微粒子不沈澱而保持分散(乳化)之狀態。 又，對剛合成後(放置開始前)之各微粒子、及自放置開始經過120天後之各分散液之微粒子進行DLS測定，對粒徑分佈加以比較，結果，即便經過120天，粒徑分佈亦無較大之變化。將DLS資料(散射強度資料)表示於圖16。 ＜試驗例2＞ 將實施例13中所獲得之微粒子與水進行混合，而製備實施例13中所獲得之微粒子之0.05質量%水分散液，利用紫外可見分光計(JASCO V-550)測定紫外-可見分光光譜(圖17：b 微粒子)。 繼而，於上述水分散液5 g中添加0.097 mL之1000 ppm金標準液(和光純藥工業(股)製造)，攪拌約5分鐘，利用紫外可見分光計(JASCO V-550)測定紫外-可見分光光譜(圖17：HAuCl4
＋微粒子)。如圖17所示，根據該光譜之313 nm之吸收，可知微粒子中吸入有金之化合物之離子(HAuCl4
)。 又，將上述金之化合物之離子利用硼氫化鈉進行直接還原，結果，分散液整體顯示出淺紅褐色，可知0價之金直接奈米分散。又，針對還原後之微粒子，亦利用紫外可見分光計(JASCO V-550)測定紫外-可見分光光譜(圖17：a 分散有Au(0)之微粒子)。根據圖17中之分散有Au(0)之微粒子(a)與微粒子(b)之吸光度差(a﹣b)所示之518 nm之吸收，亦可確認0價之金之分散。 根據試驗例2之結果，可知實施例13中所獲得之微粒子作為金屬離子之分散劑、金屬之保護穩定劑、金屬吸附劑等有用。[Polymer fine particles] The fine particles of the present invention include core-shell type polymer fine particles including a shell portion of a hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) and a core portion of a hydrophobic polymer (b). First, the fine particles of the present invention will be described in detail. In the fine particles of the present invention, the shell portion is provided so as to partially or completely cover a surface of the core portion. As the fine particles of the present invention, from the viewpoint of low toxicity and versatility, those having a shell portion containing a hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) and a core portion containing a hydrophobic polymer (b) are preferred. The hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) is preferably one represented by the following formula (1). [Chemical 2] [In the formula (1), R 1 represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 10] In the formula (1), R The carbon number of the alkanediyl group represented by 1 is preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 2 or 3, and even more preferably 2. The alkanediyl group may be linear or branched, and specific examples include: methane-1,1-diyl, ethane-1,1-diyl, and ethane-1,2-diyl , Propane-1,1-diyl, propane-1,2-diyl, propane-1,3-diyl, propane-2,2-diyl, butane-1,4-diyl, pentane- 1,5-diyl and the like. The carbon number of the alkyl group represented by R 2 is preferably 1 or 2. The alkyl group may be linear or branched, and specific examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and isopropyl. Among these, as the alkyl group, a methyl group and an ethyl group are preferred, and a methyl group is more preferred. n is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 6, more preferably an integer of 1 to 4, and even more preferably an integer of 1 to 3. Furthermore, when n is an integer of 2 to 10, n R 1 may be the same or different. The monomer constituting the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) is preferably a monofunctional vinyl ether compound. Specific examples of the monomer include 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, 3-hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monovinyl ether, and 2-methoxyethyl Vinyl vinyl ether, 2-ethoxyethyl vinyl ether, 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl vinyl ether, 2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl vinyl ether, 2- (2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethyl vinyl ether, 2- (2- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) ethyl Vinyl ether, 2- (2- (2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) ethyl vinyl ether, and the like. The hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) may be a homopolymer of one kind selected from the above-mentioned monomers, or may be a copolymer containing two or more kinds. When the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) is a copolymer, the copolymer may be any of a block copolymer and a random copolymer. The number average molecular weight of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) is preferably 2500 to 100,000, and more preferably 5,000 to 75,000. The molecular weight distribution is preferably 1.0 to 5.0, and more preferably 1.1 to 3.0. The number average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution in this specification can be measured by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography, gel permeation chromatography) and the like. The hydrophobic polymer (b) may be a polymer having a low affinity for water. As the monomer constituting the hydrophobic polymer (b), a radical polymerizable hydrophobic monomer is preferred, and a hydrophobic monofunctional polymerizable compound is more preferred. Examples of the monomer include olefins, vinyl aromatic compounds, (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid derivatives, (meth) acrylamide, (meth) acrylamide derivatives, and saturation Vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids and the like. Among these monomers, one selected from vinyl aromatic compounds, (meth) acrylic acid derivatives, (meth) acrylamide derivatives, and vinyl esters of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids is preferred. 2 or more. The hydrophobic polymer (b) may be a homopolymer of one kind selected from the above-mentioned monomers, or may be a copolymer containing two or more kinds. When the hydrophobic polymer (b) is a copolymer, the copolymer may be any of a block copolymer and a random copolymer. The olefin is preferably an olefin having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. The olefin may be a linear olefin or a cyclic olefin. Specific examples of the olefin include hexene, octene, cyclohexene, cyclooctene, and vinylcyclohexene. The vinyl-based aromatic compound is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (2). [Chemical 3] [In formula (2), ring Q represents an aromatic ring, R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R 4 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, or a halogen atom, and p is an integer of 0 to 4.] In Formula (2) As the ring Q, a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, and a pyridine ring are preferable, a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring is more preferable, and a benzene ring is particularly preferable. In the formula (2), the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group represented by R 4 is preferably 1 to 4, and more preferably 1 or 2. The alkyl group may be linear or branched. Specific examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, and third butyl. Wait. The carbon number of the alkoxy group represented by R 4 is preferably 1 to 4, and more preferably 1 or 2. The alkoxy group may be linear or branched. Specific examples include a methoxy group and an ethoxy group. Examples of the halogen atom represented by R 4 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom. In addition, p is an integer of 0 to 4, and is preferably 0 or 1. In addition, when p is an integer of 2 to 4, p R 4 may be the same or different. Specific examples of the vinyl-based aromatic compound include styrene, α-methylstyrene, third butylstyrene (ortho, meta, and para), and third butoxystyrene (o and meta) , Para), hydroxystyrene (ortho, meta, para), vinylnaphthalene, etc. The (meth) acrylic acid derivative is preferably a (meth) acrylic acid ester, more preferably an (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, and particularly preferably a compound represented by the following formula (3). [Chemical 4] [In the formula (3), R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R 6 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms]. The carbon number of the alkyl group represented by R 6 is preferably from 1 to 8, more preferably from 1 to 6, and even more preferably from 1 to 4. Specific examples of the alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, third butyl, and 2-ethylhexyl. Specific examples of the (meth) acrylic acid derivative include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, N-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, third butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, and the like. As said (meth) acrylamide derivative, N-alkyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N- dialkyl (meth) acrylamide is preferable, and NC 1-10 alkane is more preferable (Meth) acrylamide, N, N-diC 1-10 alkyl (meth) acrylamide. Examples of the alkyl group in NC 1-10 alkyl (meth) acrylamide and N, N-diC 1-10 alkyl (meth) acrylamide include the same alkyl groups as represented by R 6 . Specific examples of the (meth) acrylamide derivative include N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, and N-isopropyl (methyl) ) Acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethyl (meth) acrylamide, and the like. The vinyl ester of the saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (4). [Chemical 5] [In formula (4), R 7 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms] The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group represented by R 7 is preferably 1 to 12, and more preferably 1 to 8 , More preferably 1 to 4, and particularly preferably 1 or 2. Specific examples of the alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, third butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and the like. Specific examples of the vinyl ester of a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl laurate, and the like. The number average molecular weight of the hydrophobic polymer (b) is preferably 2500 to 250,000, and more preferably 8500 to 130,000. The molecular weight distribution is preferably 1.0 to 5.0, and more preferably 1.1 to 3.5. The hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) and the hydrophobic polymer (b) contained in the fine particles of the present invention are preferably linear polymers. The so-called linear polymer refers to a polymer having a linear molecular structure, and a concept including a polymer having a structure including a longer linear main chain and a relatively short side chain bonded thereto. The hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) and the hydrophobic polymer (b) are preferably nonionic polymers. In addition, the fine particles of the present invention are preferably formed by chemically bonding a part or all of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) and the hydrophobic polymer (b), and more preferably the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) The end is chemically bonded to the end of the hydrophobic polymer (b). The average particle diameter of the fine particles of the present invention is preferably 100 nm or more, more preferably 200 nm or more, and even more preferably 250 nm or more, and more preferably from the viewpoint of the expression of the chemical characteristics of the core. It is 300 nm or more, and from a viewpoint of dispersion stability over time, it is preferably 2000 nm or less, and more preferably 1500 nm or less. The particle size distribution (PDI) is preferably 0.005 or more, more preferably 0.01 or more, particularly preferably 0.02 or more, and still more preferably 0.9 or less, more preferably 0.8 or less, and even more preferably 0.7 or less. The coefficient of variation (CV) is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 2% or more, particularly preferably 2.5% or more, more preferably 7% or less, more preferably 6% or less, and even more preferably 5.5% or less. In this specification, the average particle diameter refers to the volume average particle diameter measured by a dynamic light scattering method. The average particle diameter, the particle size distribution (PDI), and the coefficient of variation (CV) can be specifically described in the following examples. The measurement was performed according to the method described. The content of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, particularly preferably 15% by mass or more, and more preferably 95% by weight relative to the total mass of the fine particles of the present invention. Mass% or less, more preferably 90 mass% or less, still more preferably 85 mass% or less, and even more preferably 80 mass% or less. The content of the hydrophobic polymer (b) is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, still more preferably 15% by mass or more, and even more preferably 20% by mass or more relative to the total mass of the fine particles of the present invention. Also, it is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less, and even more preferably 85% by mass or less. The content mass ratio of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) and the hydrophobic polymer (b) [(a): (b)] may be appropriately selected depending on the required particle size or use, and from the viewpoint of dispersibility It is preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10, more preferably in the range of 7.5: 1 to 1: 7.5, and even more preferably in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 5. The content of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) and the hydrophobic polymer (b) can be measured by centrifuging the solution containing fine particles at a rotation speed of about 3000 rpm. The non-micronized components present in the supernatant were analyzed by 1 H NMR. In addition, the microparticles of the present invention can be produced by a method without using a surfactant or a high molecular azo initiator, exhibiting good dispersibility to an aqueous medium, and serving as a dispersant, a metal protective stabilizer, a metal adsorbent, and the like. it works. In addition, it can be produced by a system that does not generate a decomposition product of a radical polymerization initiator (such as an azo-based initiator such as a polymer azo initiator). The fine particles of the present invention include non- Fine particles of the above-mentioned decomposition products or surfactants. In addition, the fine particles of the present invention can be widely selected from a hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a) for a shell portion and a hydrophobic polymer (b) for a core portion according to a required performance or use, and can be applied to coatings or Adhesives, cosmetics, dispersants for metals, resin modifiers, metal protection stabilizers, metal adsorption, recovery agents, diagnostic reagents (latex diagnostic reagents, etc.), and drug delivery systems. Examples of the metals include: Group 8 metals such as ruthenium and osmium; Group 9 metals such as rhodium and iridium; Group 10 metals such as nickel, palladium, and platinum; Group 11 metals such as silver and gold; ions thereof; It can also be a zero-valent metal. It may also be a metal compound such as HAuCl 4 or an ion thereof. Among these, the microparticles of the present invention are suitable for the dispersion, protection, stabilization, and adsorption of Group 11 metals or Group 11 metal compounds and their ions. The term "protective stabilization of metals" refers to the stable dispersion of metals in a dispersion medium. [Manufacturing method of fine particles] Next, the manufacturing method of the fine particles of the present invention will be described in detail. The manufacturing method of the core-shell type polymer microparticles of the present invention is characterized by including a polymerization step of emulsifying polymerization of a hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer and a hydrophobic monomer in an aqueous medium. By the method for producing fine particles of the present invention, the fine particles of the present invention can be produced. Specific examples of the method for the above-mentioned emulsion polymerization include a method in which a hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer, a hydrophobic monomer, an aqueous medium, and a radical polymerization initiator are contained in a container to perform a polymerization reaction. In the case of a method using such a radical polymerization initiator, a hydrogen atom at the end of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer is taken away by the radical polymerization initiator to generate an active site, and a hydrophobic polymer is generated from the active site ( b). Examples of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer are the same as those listed as the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer (a). As the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer used in the microparticle manufacturing method of the present invention, single-ended or two-terminal polymers are preferred. Those whose ends are hydrogen atoms. The used amount of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 15 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer and the hydrophobic monomer. The above is more preferably 95 parts by mass or less, more preferably 90 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 85 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 80 parts by mass or less. The synthesis of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer can be performed by a known method. For example, the method described in Japanese Patent No. 5936184 can be cited. Examples of the hydrophobic monomer include the same as those listed as the monomer constituting the hydrophobic polymer (b). The used amount of the hydrophobic monomer is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and still more preferably 15 parts by mass or more relative to 100 parts by mass of the total of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer and the hydrophobic monomer. It is particularly preferably 20 parts by mass or more, more preferably 95 parts by mass or less, more preferably 90 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 85 parts by mass or less. The total amount of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer and the hydrophobic monomer is preferably 90 to 100% by mass based on the total amount of the polymerizable compound (in addition, the polymerizable compound includes a polymer and a non-polymer). , More preferably 95 to 100% by mass, and even more preferably 99 to 100% by mass. The above-mentioned radical polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and a water-soluble polymerization initiator which generates a radical by heat is preferred. From the viewpoint of low toxicity, it is preferably an initiator other than the polymer azo initiator, more preferably a non-polymeric radical polymerization initiator, and a non-polymerizable radical polymerization initiator. . Examples of the radical polymerization initiator include 2,2'-azobis [2- (2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride and 2,2'-azobis (2 -Methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis [N- (2-carboxyethyl) -2-methylpropionamidine] tetrahydrate, 2,2'-azobis [ 2- (2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane], 2,2'-azobis [2-methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) propanamide], 4,4'-azo Azo-based polymerization initiators such as bis (4-cyanovaleric acid); organics such as cumene hydroperoxide, di-third butyl peroxide, third butyl hydroperoxide, and third butyl peracetate peroxide. A radical polymerization initiator may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. In addition, the above-mentioned radical polymerization initiator is used to capture hydrogen atoms at the end of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer. When the above-mentioned radical polymerization initiator is used, the decomposition products of the initiator will not adhere and remain. On the obtained microparticles. The amount of the radical polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.01 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass, and more preferably 100 parts by mass of the hydrophobic monomer. 0.5 to 2.5 parts by mass. According to the method for producing fine particles of the present invention, the fine particles of the present invention can be efficiently obtained even in the case where the radical polymerization initiator has such a low concentration. Examples of the above-mentioned aqueous medium include: water; monohydric alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; polyhydric alcohol solvents such as ethylene glycol; and fluorene-based solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide. One of these may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination. In the case of a mixed solvent, it is preferable to set the water to 50% (v / v) or more with respect to the total volume of the aqueous medium. Among these aqueous media, water, water, and a mixed solvent of one or two or more selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohol solvents, polyhydric alcohol solvents, and amidine solvents, and more preferably water. The amount of the aqueous medium used may be appropriately selected according to the required particle size or application, and is preferably 100 to 3000 parts by mass, more preferably 200 to the total amount of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer and the hydrophobic monomer. ~ 2500 parts by mass. In the polymerization step, the use ratio of each component is preferably 100 parts by mass of the polymerization reaction solution. The total amount of the hydrophilic vinyl ether polymer and the hydrophobic monomer is set to 5 to 30 parts by mass, and the radical polymerization is performed. The initiator is set to 0.1 to 3 parts by mass, and the aqueous medium is set to 70 to 90 parts by mass. From the viewpoint of reducing environmental load, the polymerization step is preferably carried out in the absence of a surfactant. The reaction temperature in the polymerization step is preferably 20 to 100 ° C, and more preferably 40 to 80 ° C. The reaction time in the polymerization step varies depending on the kind, amount, and reaction temperature of the reagent, and is preferably 2 to 50 hours, and more preferably 3 to 30 hours. The polymerization step is preferably carried out with stirring. In order to impart a large shear force to the polymerization reaction solution, the stirring speed is preferably as fast as possible. For example, in the case of stirring by a stirrer in a Schlenk tube, it is preferably 600 rpm or more. In addition, according to the microparticle manufacturing method of the present invention, even when a surfactant or a polymer azo initiator is not used, the following core-shell type polymer microparticles can be simply and industrially manufactured advantageously, the core -The shell-type polymer fine particles exhibit good dispersibility to an aqueous medium, and are useful as a dispersant, a metal protective stabilizer, a metal adsorbent, and the like. [Particle dispersion liquid] The particle dispersion liquid of the present invention is one in which the fine particles of the present invention are dispersed. The dispersion medium is preferably the same as the aqueous medium used in the polymerization step. The concentration of the fine particles is preferably 0.01 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 25% by mass, and even more preferably 5 to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of the particle dispersion liquid. The particle dispersion of the present invention may be one in which the fine particles and metals of the present invention are dispersed. Examples of the metal include: Group 8 metals such as ruthenium and osmium; Group 9 metals such as rhodium and iridium; Group 10 metals such as nickel, palladium, and platinum; Group 11 metals such as silver and gold; ions thereof; It can also be a zero-valent metal. It may also be a metal compound such as HAuCl 4 or an ion thereof. Among these, a Group 11 metal, a Group 11 metal compound, and the like are preferable. [Examples] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The measurements in the following examples are based on the following measurement methods. <Scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement> The SEM measurement was performed using S-2600H manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, and the sample (water dispersion of fine particles) was placed in an aluminum sample stand with a carbon ribbon followed by air drying. , Vapor deposition is performed. <Measurement by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)> The TEM measurement was performed using a JEM2100 (with a Gatan ORIUS SC200D CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera) manufactured by JEOL, and an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. Furthermore, 5 μL of an aqueous dispersion of fine particles was added dropwise to a carbon-coated copper grid (ELS-C10 of Eken Corporation) with a hydrophilic treatment on the surface by glow discharge. After removing the excess dispersion, EM was used. Stainer (Nisshin EM) performed negative staining, dried the obtained mesh, and used the obtained sample as a sample for measurement. <Diameter Measurement by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)> The particle diameter measurement by DLS was performed using a Zetasizer Nano-ZSP manufactured by Malvern, at a scattering angle of 173 °. The measurement data were analyzed by a cumulative method using Zeta Software Ver. 7.02 to calculate the particle size (D h ) and particle size distribution (PDI). In addition, the obtained average particle diameter is a result obtained by 9 or more measurements, and a coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated based on the standard deviation of the particle diameter measurement results. <IR measurement> The IR measurement was performed using FTS-3000 manufactured by Varian. Further, the microparticles were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes, and the dried precipitate was dried. The obtained sample was used as a sample, and the KBr tablet method (Examples 6, 10, and 12) or the casting method on CaF 2 was used. (Example 11) The measurement was performed. < 1 H NMR measurement> The 1 H NMR measurement was performed using J NM-ECX500 manufactured by JEOL. The microparticles were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes, and then the sediment was dispersed in heavy water, and the resultant was used as a sample for measurement (Examples 6, 10 to 12). <Example 1 Production of core-shell type polymer microparticles with polyvinyl acetate as the core part and poly (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) as the shell part> In a Schlenk tube, put a stirring member, Poly (2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether) (hereinafter, referred to as "PHEVE") synthesized by a known method. In Examples 1 to 12, the number average molecular weight was measured using GPC using DMF + 10 mM LiBr as the eluent. A polymer of 36500 and a molecular weight distribution of 1.97) 0.2 g (2.3 mmol in terms of 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether monomer conversion), 1.0 g (11.6 mmol) of vinyl acetate (hereinafter referred to as "VAc"), ion 5.0 g (280 mmol) of exchanged water and 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropane) dihydrochloride ("V-50" manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. are described below. "AIBA") 10 mg (0.04 mmol, 1 part by mass based on 100 parts by mass of vinyl acetate monomer), and after three times of freeze degassing, the mixture was stirred while being heated at 60 ° C and 600 rpm for 24 hours. After the polymerization, the polymerization was stopped by introducing air into the Schlenk tube for cooling, thereby obtaining core-shell type polymer fine particles having a core portion of polyvinyl acetate and a shell portion of PHEVE. The particle size (D h ) of the microparticles obtained by particle size measurement using DLS was 696 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.20, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 2.7%. <Example 2> Core-shell polymer microparticles were synthesized in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the amount of Vac used was changed to 0.5 g and the amount of AIBA used was changed to 5 mg. The particle size (D h ) of the obtained fine particles was 831 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.15, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.0%. <Example 3> Core-shell polymer microparticles were synthesized in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the amount of Vac used was changed to 0.25 g and the amount of AIBA used was changed to 2.5 mg. The particle size (D h ) of the obtained fine particles was 702 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.21, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.1%. <Example 4> The amount of PHEVE used was changed to 0.1 g, the amount of Vac used was changed to 0.5 g, and the amount of AIBA used was changed to 5 mg. Sequential synthesis of core-shell polymer particles. The particle size (D h ) of the obtained fine particles was 1021 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.18, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 2.9%. <Example 5> The amount of PHEVE used was changed to 0.05 g, the amount of Vac used was changed to 0.25 g, and the amount of AIBA used was changed to 2.5 mg. Sequential synthesis of core-shell polymer particles. The particle size (D h ) of the obtained fine particles was 725 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.02, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 2.8%. The DLS data of Examples 1 to 5 are shown in FIG. 1. <Example 6> The amount of PHEVE was changed to 0.05 g, the amount of Vac used was 0.2 g, the amount of AIBA was changed to 2 mg, and the amount of ion-exchanged water was changed to 4.75 g. Other than that, core-shell type polymer fine particles were synthesized in the same procedure as in Example 1. The particle size (D h ) of the obtained fine particles was 666 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.16, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.2%. The SEM image and TEM image of the microparticles obtained in Example 6 are shown in FIG. 2, the IR spectrum is shown in FIG. 3, and the 1 H NMR spectrum is shown in FIG. 4. In the IR spectrum (FIG. 3), absorption of hydroxyl groups derived from PHEVE was observed near 3500 cm -1 , and absorption of carbonyl groups derived from polyvinyl acetate was observed near 1700 cm -1 . In this way, it was confirmed that PHEVE and polyvinyl acetate were present in the fine particles. In the 1 H NMR spectrum (FIG. 4), no signal derived from polyvinyl acetate was observed, and only a signal derived from PHEVE (around 3.5 ppm) was observed. The NMR signal is affected by the mobility of the nucleus. Therefore, only PHEVE with good mobility was observed in heavy water, and polyvinyl acetate with poor mobility was not observed. Based on the results and the results of the IR spectrum and the SEM and TEM images, it was confirmed that the microparticles obtained in Example 6 had a core-shell structure with polyvinyl acetate as the core portion and PHEVE as the shell portion in water. <Example 7> The amount of PHEVE was changed to 0.1 g, the amount of Vac used was 0.15 g, the amount of AIBA was changed to 2 mg, and the amount of ion-exchanged water was changed to 4.75 g. Other than that, core-shell type polymer fine particles were synthesized in the same procedure as in Example 1. The particle size (D h ) of the obtained fine particles was 857 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.17, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.1%. <Example 8> The amount of PHEVE was changed to 0.15 g, the amount of Vac used was 0.1 g, the amount of AIBA was changed to 2 mg, and the amount of ion-exchanged water was changed to 4.75 g. Other than that, core-shell type polymer fine particles were synthesized in the same procedure as in Example 1. The particle size (D h ) of the obtained fine particles was 1387 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.18, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.1%. <Example 9> The amount of PHEVE was changed to 0.2 g, the amount of Vac used was 0.05 g, the amount of AIBA was changed to 2 mg, and the amount of ion-exchanged water was changed to 4.75 g. Other than that, core-shell type polymer fine particles were synthesized in the same procedure as in Example 1. The particle size (D h ) of the obtained fine particles was 299 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.16, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 5.4%. The DLS data of Examples 6 to 9 are shown in FIG. 5. 〈Example 10 Production of core-shell type polymer microparticles with polystyrene core and PHEVE shells〉 In a short Schlenk tube, put a stirrer and PHEVE 0.05 g synthesized by a known method ( 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether monomer conversion is 0.6 mmol), styrene 0.2 g (1.9 mmol), ion-exchanged water 4.75 g (260 mmol), and AIBA 2 mg (0.007 mmol, relative to 100 styrene monomer 100 The mass part is 1 part by mass), and after three times of freeze deaeration, the mixture was stirred while being heated at 60 ° C. and 600 rpm for 24 hours. After the polymerization, the polymerization was stopped by introducing air into the Schlenk tube to cool it, thereby obtaining core-shell polymer microparticles having a polystyrene core portion and a PHEVE shell portion. The particle size (D h ) of the microparticles obtained by particle size measurement using DLS was 567 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.22, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.5%. <Example 11 Preparation of core-shell type polymer microparticles with polyethylene acrylate as the core part and PHEVE as the shell part> Except changing styrene to 0.2 g (2.0 mmol) of ethyl acrylate, In Example 10, core-shell polymer microparticles were synthesized in the same order. The particle size (D h ) of the obtained fine particles was 546 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.02, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.6%. <Example 12 Production of core-shell type polymer microparticles with polymethylmethacrylate core and PHEVE shell> Except changing styrene to 0.2 g (2.0 mmol) of methyl methacrylate, Core-shell polymer microparticles were synthesized in the same procedure as in Example 10. The particle size (D h ) of the obtained fine particles was 697 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.69, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.1%. The SEM images and TEM images of the microparticles obtained in Examples 10 to 12 are shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 (the TEM image is only in Example 11), and the IR spectrum is shown in FIGS. 9 to 11. The DLS data are shown in FIG. 12, and the 1 H NMR spectrum is shown in FIG. 13. In the IR spectrum (Figs. 9 to 11), in any of the spectra of Examples 10 to 12, absorption of hydroxyl groups derived from PHEVE was observed around 3500 cm -1 . In the spectra of Examples 11 and 12, absorptions of carbonyl groups derived from polyethyl acrylate and polymethyl methacrylate were observed near 1700 cm -1 , and it was confirmed that PHEVE and polyethyl acrylate were present in the fine particles. Or polymethyl methacrylate. In the 1 H NMR spectrum (FIG. 13), no signal derived from the polymer constituting the core was observed in any of the spectra of Examples 10 to 12, and only a signal derived from PHEVE was observed. The NMR signal is affected by the mobility of the nucleus. Therefore, PHEVE with good mobility is observed in heavy water, while polystyrene, polyethyl acrylate, and polymethyl methacrylate with poor mobility are hardly observed. Based on the results and the results of the IR spectrum and the images of SEM and TEM, it was confirmed that the microparticles obtained in Examples 10 to 12 had polystyrene, polyethyl acrylate, or polymethyl methacrylate as the core portion, and PHEVE is a core-shell structure of the shell. <Example 13 Production of core-shell type polymer microparticles with polystyrene core and poly (2-methoxyethyl (vinyl) ether) shell> In a short Schlenk tube, put Stirrer, poly (2-methoxyethyl (vinyl) ether) synthesized by a known method (hereinafter, described as "PMOVE", and measured using GPC using DMF + 10 mM LiBr as eluent Polymer with an average molecular weight of 11,500 and a molecular weight distribution of 1.49) 0.05 g (0.5 mmol in terms of 2-methoxyethyl (vinyl) ether monomer conversion), 0.2 g (1.9 mmol) of styrene, 4.75 in ion-exchanged water g (260 mmol) and AIBA 2 mg (0.007 mmol, 1 part by mass based on 100 parts by mass of styrene monomer), and after 3 times of freeze degassing, they were stirred while heating at 60 ° C and 600 rpm for 24 hours. . After the polymerization, the polymerization was stopped by cooling by introducing air into the Schlenk tube, thereby obtaining core-shell type polymer fine particles having a core portion of polystyrene and a shell portion of PMOVE. The particle size (D h ) of the microparticles obtained by particle size measurement using DLS was 445 nm, the particle size distribution (PDI) was 0.21, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.9%. The DLS data of the microparticles obtained in Example 13 are shown in FIG. 14, and the SEM image is shown in FIG. 15, respectively. <Test Example 1 Dispersion Stability Confirmation Test> The fine particles obtained in Example 6 were mixed with water to prepare a 1.0% by mass aqueous dispersion. Also, in the same manner, a dispersion liquid of the fine particles obtained in Example 10 and a dispersion liquid of the fine particles obtained in Example 13 were prepared. Next, each dispersion (emulsion) was left to stand at room temperature. After 120 days from the start of the standing, the state of each dispersion was visually confirmed. As a result, all dispersions remained fine particles without sedimentation (emulsification). Of the state. In addition, DLS measurement was performed on each of the microparticles immediately after the synthesis (before the initiation of placement) and the microparticles of each dispersion after 120 days from the initiation of the placement, and the particle size distributions were compared. As a result, even after 120 days, the particle size distribution There are no major changes. The DLS data (scattering intensity data) are shown in FIG. 16. <Test Example 2> The fine particles obtained in Example 13 were mixed with water to prepare a 0.05% by mass aqueous dispersion of the fine particles obtained in Example 13, and the ultraviolet rays were measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (JASCO V-550). -Visible spectroscopic spectrum (Figure 17: b microparticles). Then, 0.097 mL of a 1000 ppm gold standard solution (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to 5 g of the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion, and the mixture was stirred for about 5 minutes. The ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (JASCO V-550) was used to measure the ultraviolet-visible Spectral spectrum (Figure 17: HAuCl 4 + fine particles). As shown in FIG. 17, according to the absorption at 313 nm in the spectrum, it can be seen that ions (HAuCl 4 ) of a gold compound are inhaled into the fine particles. In addition, the ions of the above-mentioned gold compound were directly reduced with sodium borohydride. As a result, the entire dispersion liquid showed a light reddish brown color, and it was found that the zero-valent gold was directly dispersed in nanometer. In addition, with respect to the reduced fine particles, an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (JASCO V-550) was also used to measure the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic spectrum (Fig. 17: a fine particles in which Au (0) was dispersed). According to the absorption at 518 nm shown by the difference in absorbance (a518b) between the fine particles (a) and fine particles (b) in which Au (0) is dispersed in FIG. 17, the dispersion of gold with zero valence can also be confirmed. From the results of Test Example 2, it can be seen that the fine particles obtained in Example 13 are useful as a dispersant for metal ions, a protective stabilizer for metals, a metal adsorbent, and the like.