TW201825688A - Warm rolling of steels containing metastable austenite - Google Patents

Warm rolling of steels containing metastable austenite Download PDF

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TW201825688A
TW201825688A TW107112127A TW107112127A TW201825688A TW 201825688 A TW201825688 A TW 201825688A TW 107112127 A TW107112127 A TW 107112127A TW 107112127 A TW107112127 A TW 107112127A TW 201825688 A TW201825688 A TW 201825688A
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steel
rolling
metastable
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temperature
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辛吉 吉爾安林德
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美商Ａｋ鋼鐵資產公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0231—Warm rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Abstract

Warming a metastable steel before or during cold rolling suppresses the transformation of austenite to martensite, resulting in lower mill loads and higher amounts of reduction at similar loads. As-warm rolled steel has enhanced mechanical properties when compared to steel reduced the same amount by cold rolling. Warm rolling followed by subsequent annealing also results in better mechanical properties than those achieved in material cold rolled the same amount and then annealed. Metastable steel that has been warm rolled, on subsequent room temperature rolling (cold rolling), shows enhancement in both strength and ductility.

Description

溫軋含介穩態奧氏體的鋼Warm rolling of steel containing metastable austenite

由於變形誘導之介穩態奧氏體向較高強度麻田散體相之轉變，冷軋含介穩態奧氏體的鋼可具挑戰性。冷軋此鋼導致軋機負載顯著增加。鋼亦需要經歷退火，以在可實施進一步冷減縮之前部分或完全奧氏體化。Cold rolling of metastable austenitic steels can be challenging due to the deformation-induced transition of metastable austenite to higher strength masculine bulk phases. Cold rolling of this steel results in a significant increase in mill load. The steel also needs to undergo annealing to partially or completely austenitize before further cold reduction can be performed.

本發明涉及在冷軋之前或期間使材料升溫，以抑制奧氏體向麻田散體轉變。此可產生較低軋機負載及在相似負載下之較高減縮量。減縮較多材料之能力亦可在材料可達成最終規格之前引起較少之中間退火。令人驚訝的是，當與藉由冷軋減縮相同量之鋼相比時，溫軋態鋼已顯示增強之機械性質。溫軋及隨後退火亦產生較冷軋相同量並然後退火之材料中所達成之彼等更佳之機械性質。已經溫軋之鋼在隨後室溫軋製(冷軋)時顯示強度及延展性皆增強。 先前，由於溫軋可引起軋製設備損壞以及與用作潤滑劑之油升溫相關之現存風險的問題，已在生產環境中避免溫軋。本申請案顯示，溫軋之益處可在中等溫度下達成且亦無廣泛生產線修改。The present invention relates to raising the temperature of a material prior to or during cold rolling to inhibit the transformation of austenite to granules. This can result in lower mill loads and higher reductions under similar loads. The ability to reduce the amount of material can also cause less intermediate annealing before the material can reach the final specification. Surprisingly, the warm rolled steel has shown enhanced mechanical properties when compared to the same amount of steel reduced by cold rolling. Warm rolling and subsequent annealing also produce better mechanical properties achieved in the same amount of cold rolling and then annealed. The steel which has been warm rolled shows increased strength and ductility at subsequent room temperature rolling (cold rolling). Previously, warm rolling has been avoided in production environments due to the fact that warm rolling can cause damage to rolling equipment and existing risks associated with oil heating as a lubricant. This application shows that the benefits of warm rolling can be achieved at moderate temperatures and there are no extensive line modifications.

優先權 本申請案主張於2016年1月14日提出申請之標題為WARM ROLLING OF STEELS CONTAINING METASTABLE AUSTENITE之美國臨時申請案第62/278,567號及於2016年10月12日提出申請之標題為WARM ROLLING OF STEELS CONTAINING METASTABLE AUSTENITE之美國臨時申請案第62/407,001號之優先權，其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。 本發明係關於含大量介穩態奧氏體(10%-100%奧氏體)之鋼，稱為「介穩態鋼」。若奧氏體在機械變形時轉變為麻田散體，則認為其係介穩態。將此麻田散體稱為變形誘導之麻田散體。含此介穩態奧氏體的鋼可係碳鋼或不銹鋼。 存在若干表徵奧氏體穩定性之方式。一種方式係基於奧氏體之化學組成計算其不穩定因子(IF)。此因子闡述於美國專利3,599,320 (其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中)中，其將IF定義為： IF=37.193 -51.248(C%) -0.4677(Cr%) -1.67(Cu%) -1.0174(Mn%) -34.396 (N%) -2.5884(Ni%)等式 1 將經計算IF值為0-2.9之鋼歸類為「輕微介穩態」並將IF大於2.9之鋼歸類為「中度介穩態」。本發明之方法對含IF大於2.9之介穩態奧氏體的鋼最有意義。 表徵奧氏體穩定性之另一技術係計算或量測稱為Md 30溫度之溫度。對於給定介穩態鋼組合物，在Md 30溫度下變形至0.3真應變時，50%之奧氏體轉變為麻田散體。對於給定介穩態鋼組合物，Md 溫度係高於在變形時無麻田散體形成之溫度者。Md 及Md 30溫度為業內所熟知。除憑經驗測定之外，特定鋼組合物之Md 30溫度亦可藉由可於文獻中發現之若干等式中之一者來計算，包括以下等式： 如Nohara, K.、Ono, Y.及Ohashi, N. 1977. Composition and Grain-Size Dependencies of Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation in Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels. Journal of Iron and Steel Institute of Japan，63 (5)，第212-222頁(其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中)所教示： Md 30= 551 -462(C%+N%) -68*Cb% -13.7*Cr% - 29(Cu%+Ni%) -8.1*Mn% -18.5*Mo% -9.2*Si%。等式 2 如Angel, T. 1954. Formation of Martensite in Austenitic Stainless Steels. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute，177 (5)，第165-174頁(其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中)所教示： Md 30= 413 -462*(C%+N%) -13.7*Cr% -8.1*Mn% -18.5*Mo% -9.5*Ni% -9.2*Si%。等式 3 給定介穩態鋼組合物之奧氏體之Md 30溫度愈高，奧氏體愈不穩定。此介穩態奧氏體中之Md 30溫度高於Ms 溫度(熱麻田散體之麻田散體起始溫度)。 具有大量介穩態奧氏體之鋼隨著奧氏體轉變為較高強度之麻田散體變得迅速硬化。由於較高轉變量可超過軋機能力，冷軋此等鋼仍係挑戰。然後需要使此等鋼退火，以在其可進一步軋製之前形成一些或所有奧氏體。若在軋製期間，可抑制奧氏體向麻田散體之轉變，則可利用較低軋機負載將鋼軋製成較薄規格。抑制此轉變之一種方式係在冷軋之前或期間使材料升溫。溫軋已顯示具有產生較佳機械性質之額外益處。 本申請案之方法涉及在鋼溫熱時軋製此等介穩態鋼。當介穩態鋼溫度高於室溫(通常約80°F)時則認為其溫熱。對於某些實施例，使鋼升溫至接近或高於特定介穩態鋼組合物之Md 溫度之溫度。在其他實施例中，使鋼升溫至高於特定介穩態鋼組合物之Md 30溫度之溫度。通常，不使介穩態鋼升溫至大於250°F之溫度。 可以下列方法中之一者或其組合使此材料之盤條升溫： I. 使盤條於爐/烘箱中升溫，其後將其置於軋製生產線上。 II. 藉由使用加熱器使生產線上之盤條升溫，然後將其冷軋。 III. 使軋機上之冷卻劑升溫，然後軋製鋼材料。此可以若干種方式來實施。一種方式係關斷軋機上之冷卻塔並運行某另一材料，以在軋製介穩態鋼之前使冷卻劑升溫。其他在軋製之前使冷卻劑升溫之方法將為熟習此項技術者所明瞭。 根據用於特定組合物之典型金屬製造處理，在冷軋(若適用)之前將介穩態鋼熔融、鑄造、熱軋並退火。在冷軋處理介穩態鋼期間，至少一個「冷軋」道次係在鋼溫熱時(亦即，當鋼在高於80°F但不大於250°F及接近或高於特定介穩態鋼組合物之Md 溫度或高於特定介穩態鋼組合物之Md 30溫度之溫度下時)實施之「溫軋」道次。此溫軋道次可係第一、第二或任何隨後「冷軋」步驟中之一或多者。 在本發明之一些實施例中，介穩態鋼可在一或多個溫軋步驟之後經退火。舉例而言，在「冷軋」處理期間，可將介穩態鋼在第一道次中溫軋，退火，並然後在第二道次中冷軋(在室溫下)。實例 1 介穩態鋼係藉由將具有不穩定因子為6.8之化學性質之鋼水(heat)熔融來製備。將該鋼水連續鑄造成鑄坯。將鑄坯再加熱至2300°F並熱軋至0.175”之厚度，其中捲曲溫度為1000°F。然後酸洗熱帶以去除鏽皮。將經酸洗之熱帶之區段冷軋並溫軋。出於溫軋之目的，使熱帶區段在爐中升溫至期望溫度並軋製成期望規格。 圖1顯示來自此介穩態鋼之冷軋及溫軋之麻田散體轉變量。在相同減縮量下，各溫軋鋼中麻田散體之量顯著小於冷軋鋼中者，該冷軋鋼係在室溫下軋製。溫軋之益處在低溫(在此實例中150°F)下可見，但在溫軋期間溫度愈高(在此實例中250°F)，所形成麻田散體之量愈低。 圖2顯示在溫軋及冷軋至不同減縮量後，介穩態鋼之伸長%。令人驚訝的是，溫軋使得伸長%增加至特定減縮量然後開始下降。溫軋之益處可藉由改變在一定溫度下實施之減縮之量或藉由改變溫度來調整。另一方面，在室溫下冷軋總是導致介穩態鋼之伸長%減小。實例 2 另一介穩態鋼係藉由選擇不穩定因子為13之化學物質來製備。將鋼水鑄造成鑄錠。將鑄錠修整後，獲得四根5.75’’(W) × 2.75’’(T) × 2.75’’(L)之試棒。使該等經修整之鑄錠在2200°F下進行均熱並熱軋至0.2’’，其中終軋溫度為1100°F。然後酸洗熱帶以去除鏽皮。將經酸洗之熱帶之區段在不同溫度下冷軋及溫軋。出於溫軋之目的，將熱帶區段在爐中升溫至期望溫度並軋製成期望規格。 在此介穩態鋼中，溫軋及隨後冷軋顯示強度及伸長%皆增加。在無先前溫軋之情形下，如所預期，相同鋼顯示強度增加但伸長%減小。圖3 (a)顯示來自已溫軋30%並隨後在室溫下冷軋至不同減縮量之介穩態鋼之真應力應變數據。在圖3 (a)及3 (b)中，「WR」係指溫軋且「RT」係指在室溫下冷軋。30%溫軋及隨後另外10%冷軋顯示伸長率及強度皆增加。如圖3 (b)中所顯示，相同材料當冷軋30%並隨後在室溫下另外冷軋0-30%時顯示最終抗拉強度(「UTS」)增加但伸長率減小，如將預期。此外，溫軋之益處可藉由改變在一定溫度下實施之減縮之量或藉由改變溫度來調整。實例 3 上文實例1之介穩態鋼顯示溫軋對含介穩態奧氏體的鋼之效應，如藉由在下表1及2中闡釋之測試數據進一步顯示，其比較已經完全退火之含介穩態奧氏體的鋼(盤條1)與在裝置中溫軋25%之含介穩態奧氏體的鋼(盤條2)之性質。 表1 表2 實例 4 亦對實例1之介穩態鋼研究溫軋對各向異性之效應。各向異性可對隨後成型具有顯著效應。溫軋幫助管控介穩態鋼之機械性質之各向異性。 與冷軋相比，溫軋之效應藉由在下表3中所闡釋之數據進一步展現。對於兩組軋製，初始熱帶相同。將一組溫軋(在約250°F下)至不同減縮量(10%、15%及20%)，將另一組冷軋至相似減縮量。在冷軋試樣之情形下，縱向(L)及橫向(T)定向之伸長率差異甚大。減縮量愈高，該差異愈大。然而，在溫軋之情形下，差異小得多。 表3 Priority This application claims to be filed on January 14, 2016, titled WARM ROLLING OF STEELS CONTAINING METASTABLE AUSTENITE, US Provisional Application No. 62/278,567, and filed on October 12, 2016, titled WARM ROLLING Priority is claimed in US Provisional Application Serial No. 62/407,001, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention relates to a steel containing a large amount of metastable austenite (10% - 100% austenite), which is called "meta-stable steel". If the austenite transforms into a granule loose body during mechanical deformation, it is considered to be a metastable state. This Ma Tian loose body is called a deformation-induced Ma Tian bulk. The steel containing this metastable austenite may be carbon steel or stainless steel. There are several ways to characterize the stability of austenite. One way is to calculate the instability factor (IF) based on the chemical composition of austenite. This factor is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,599,320, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, in which the IF is defined as: IF = 37.193 - 51.248 (C%) -0.4677 (Cr%) -1.67 (Cu%) -1.0174 (Mn%) -34.396 (N%) -2.5884 (Ni%) Equation 1 classifies steel with a calculated IF value of 0-2.9 as "slight metastability" and classifies steel with IF greater than 2.9 as " Moderate metastability." The method of the present invention is most meaningful for steels containing metastable austenite having an IF greater than 2.9. Another technique for characterizing the stability of austenite is to calculate or measure the temperature referred to as the temperature of M d 30 . For a given metastable steel composition, 50% of the austenite is converted to a granule dispersion when deformed to a true strain at a temperature of M d 30 . For a given metastable steel composition, the temperature of the M d is higher than the temperature at which no mass of the matrix is formed during deformation. Temperatures of M d and M d 30 are well known in the art. In addition to empirical determination, the M d 30 temperature of a particular steel composition can also be calculated by one of several equations found in the literature, including the following equations: such as Nohara, K., Ono, Y And Ohashi, N. 1977. Composition and Grain-Size Dependencies of Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation in Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels. Journal of Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 63 (5), pp. 212-222 (the disclosure of which is The teachings are incorporated herein by reference: M d 30= 551 -462 (C%+N%) -68*Cb% -13.7*Cr% - 29(Cu%+Ni%) -8.1*Mn% -18.5 *Mo% -9.2*Si%. Equation 2 is taught by Angel, T. 1954. Formation of Martensite in Austenitic Stainless Steels. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, 177 (5), pp. 165-174 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference) : M d 30= 413 -462*(C%+N%) -13.7*Cr% -8.1*Mn% -18.5*Mo% -9.5*Ni% -9.2*Si%. Equation 3 given dielectric austenitic steel composition of the steady state of M d 30 higher the temperature, the more unstable austenite. The temperature of M d 30 in the metastable austenite is higher than the temperature of M s (the temperature at which the mass of the hemp field is released from the field). Steel with a large amount of metastable austenite becomes rapidly hardened with the transformation of austenite into a higher strength of the field. Cold rolling of these steels remains a challenge as higher conversions can exceed mill capacity. It is then necessary to anneal these steels to form some or all of the austenite before it can be further rolled. If the transformation of austenite to the granules is inhibited during rolling, the steel can be rolled to a thinner gauge with a lower mill load. One way to suppress this transition is to warm the material before or during cold rolling. Warm rolling has been shown to have the added benefit of producing better mechanical properties. The method of the present application involves rolling the metastable steels while the steel is warm. It is considered to be warm when the metastable steel temperature is above room temperature (typically about 80 °F). For certain embodiments, the steel is heated to a temperature near or above the metastable state M specific steel composition of the temperature d. In other embodiments, the steel is allowed to warm to a temperature above the temperature of M d 30 of the particular metastable steel composition. Typically, the metastable steel is not heated to a temperature greater than 250 °F. The wire rod of this material can be warmed by one of the following methods or a combination thereof: I. The wire rod is heated in a furnace/oven, after which it is placed on a rolling line. II. The wire rod on the production line is heated by using a heater and then cold rolled. III. Warming the coolant on the mill and then rolling the steel material. This can be implemented in several ways. One way is to turn off the cooling tower on the mill and run some other material to warm the coolant before rolling the metastable steel. Other methods of warming the coolant prior to rolling will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The metastable steel is melted, cast, hot rolled and annealed prior to cold rolling (if applicable), depending on the typical metal fabrication process for the particular composition. During cold rolling of metastable steel, at least one "cold rolling" pass is when the steel is warm (ie, when the steel is above 80 °F but not greater than 250 °F and is near or above a specific metastable "warm rolling" pass the M d temperature state when the steel composition in or above the metastable state M specific steel composition of the temperature of the temperature d 30) of the embodiment. This warm rolling pass may be one or more of the first, second or any subsequent "cold rolling" steps. In some embodiments of the invention, the metastable steel may be annealed after one or more warm rolling steps. For example, during the "cold rolling" process, the metastable steel may be warm rolled in the first pass, annealed, and then cold rolled (at room temperature) in the second pass. Example 1 A metastable steel system was prepared by melting a molten steel having a chemical property of an unstable factor of 6.8. The molten steel is continuously cast into a cast slab. The slab is reheated to 2300 °F and hot rolled to a thickness of 0.175", wherein the crimp temperature is 1000 ° F. The tropics are then pickled to remove the scale. The pickled tropical section is cold rolled and warm rolled. For the purpose of warm rolling, the tropical section is heated in the furnace to the desired temperature and rolled to the desired specifications. Figure 1 shows the amount of shift in the field of cold rolling and warm rolling from this metastable steel. The amount of loose ground in each warm rolled steel is significantly smaller than that in cold rolled steel, which is rolled at room temperature. The benefits of warm rolling are visible at low temperatures (150 °F in this example), but at temperature. The higher the temperature during rolling (250 °F in this example), the lower the amount of granulated bulk formed. Figure 2 shows the % elongation of metastable steel after warm rolling and cold rolling to different reductions. The warm rolling causes the % elongation to increase to a specific amount of shrinkage and then begins to decrease. The benefit of warm rolling can be adjusted by changing the amount of shrinkage performed at a certain temperature or by changing the temperature. On the other hand, at room temperature Cold rolling always leads to a decrease in the % elongation of metastable steel. Example 2 Another metastable steel system is selected by Prepare a chemical with an instability factor of 13. Cast the molten steel into an ingot. After trimming the ingot, obtain four 5.75''(W) × 2.75''(T) × 2.75''(L) Test bars. The trimmed ingots are soaked at 2200 °F and hot rolled to 0.2", wherein the finishing temperature is 1100 ° F. The pickling is then pickled to remove scales. The tropical section is cold rolled and warm rolled at different temperatures. For the purpose of warm rolling, the tropical section is heated in a furnace to a desired temperature and rolled to a desired specification. In this metastable steel, warm rolling And subsequent cold rolling showed an increase in strength and elongation %. In the absence of prior warm rolling, as expected, the same steel showed an increase in strength but a decrease in elongation %. Figure 3 (a) shows 30% from already warm rolling and then The true stress-strain data of the metastable steel at different room temperature reductions at room temperature. In Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b), "WR" means warm rolling and "RT" means room temperature. Cold rolling. 30% warm rolling followed by another 10% cold rolling showed an increase in both elongation and strength. As shown in Figure 3 (b), the same material shows an increase in final tensile strength ("UTS") but a decrease in elongation when cold rolled 30% and then cold rolled 0-30% at room temperature, as will expected. In addition, the benefits of warm rolling can be adjusted by varying the amount of shrinkage performed at a certain temperature or by changing the temperature. Example 3 The metastable steel of Example 1 above shows the effect of warm rolling on the steel containing metastable austenite, as further shown by the test data illustrated in Tables 1 and 2 below, which are compared to those already fully annealed. The properties of the metastable austenitic steel (wire rod 1) and the 25% warm metastable austenitic steel (wire rod 2) in the apparatus. Table 1 Table 2 Example 4 also investigated the effect of warm rolling on anisotropy on the metastable steel of Example 1. Anisotropy can have a significant effect on subsequent forming. Warm rolling helps to control the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the metastable steel. The effect of warm rolling is further demonstrated by the data illustrated in Table 3 below compared to cold rolling. For the two sets of rolling, the initial tropical is the same. A set of warm rolling (at about 250 °F) to different reductions (10%, 15%, and 20%) and another set of cold rolling to a similar reduction. In the case of cold rolled specimens, the elongation in the longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) orientations varies greatly. The higher the reduction, the greater the difference. However, in the case of warm rolling, the difference is much smaller. table 3

圖1繪示介穩態鋼中之麻田散體%隨自溫軋及冷軋所得之減縮%而變。 圖2繪示介穩態鋼之伸長%隨自冷軋及溫軋所得之減縮%而變。 圖3 (a)繪示經溫軋並然後冷軋之介穩態鋼之真應力-真應變曲線。 圖3 (b)繪示在兩個道次中經冷軋之介穩態鋼之真應力-真應變曲線。Figure 1 shows that the % of the lost field in the metastable steel varies with the % reduction from the warm rolling and cold rolling. Figure 2 shows that the % elongation of metastable steel varies with the % reduction from cold rolling and warm rolling. Figure 3 (a) shows the true stress-true strain curve of the metastable steel after warm rolling and then cold rolling. Figure 3 (b) shows the true stress-true strain curve of the cold-rolled metastable steel in two passes.

Claims (7)

一種軋製介穩態鋼之方法，其包含以下步驟： a. 選擇不穩定因子(IF)大於或等於2.9之介穩態鋼，其中IF係藉由以下等式來計算： IF=37.193 -51.248(C%) -0.4677(Cr%) -1.67(Cu%) -1.0174(Mn%) -34.396 (N%) -2.5884(Ni%)； b. 在軋製之前，使該介穩態鋼升溫至等於或大於特定介穩態鋼組合物之Md 溫度或等於或大於特定介穩態鋼組合物之Md 30溫度之溫度； c. 軋製該介穩態鋼。A method of rolling a metastable steel comprising the steps of: a. selecting a metastable steel having an unstable factor (IF) greater than or equal to 2.9, wherein the IF is calculated by the following equation: IF = 37.193 - 51.248 (C%) -0.4677 (Cr%) -1.67 (Cu%) -1.0174 (Mn%) -34.396 (N%) -2.5884 (Ni%); b. Warm the metastable steel until rolling A temperature equal to or greater than the M d temperature of the particular metastable steel composition or a temperature equal to or greater than the M d 30 temperature of the particular metastable steel composition; c. rolling the metastable steel. 如請求項1之方法，其中該介穩態鋼之該Md 30溫度係根據以下等式來計算： Md 30=551-462(C%+N%) -68*Cb% -13.7*Cr% -29(Cu%+Ni%) -8.1*Mn% -18.5*Mo% -9.2*Si%。The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the M d 30 of the metastable steel is calculated according to the following equation: M d 30=551-462 (C%+N%) -68*Cb% -13.7*Cr % -29 (Cu% + Ni%) - 8.1 * Mn% - 18.5 * Mo% - 9.2 * Si%. 如請求項1之方法，其中該介穩態鋼之該Md 30溫度係根據以下等式來計算： Md 30= 413 -462*(C%+N%) -13.7*Cr% -8.1*Mn% -18.5*Mo% -9.5*Ni% -9.2*Si%。The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the M d 30 of the metastable steel is calculated according to the following equation: M d 30 = 413 - 462 * (C% + N%) - 13.7 * Cr% - 8.1 * Mn% -18.5*Mo% -9.5*Ni% -9.2*Si%. 2或3之方法，其進一步包含其中在軋製之後，退火該介穩態鋼之步驟。The method of 2 or 3, further comprising the step of annealing the metastable steel after rolling. 如請求項4之方法，其進一步包含其中將該介穩態鋼退火、然後在室溫下軋製之步驟。The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of annealing the metastable steel and then rolling at room temperature. 如請求項4之方法，其進一步包含以下步驟：其中在退火之後，在第二軋製步驟中軋製該介穩態鋼且在該第二軋製步驟之前，使該介穩態鋼升溫至大於或等於該特定介穩態鋼組合物之該Md 溫度或大於或等於該特定介穩態鋼組合物之該Md 30溫度之溫度。The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of: after annealing, rolling the metastable steel in a second rolling step and heating the metastable steel to a temperature before the second rolling step Greater than or equal to the temperature of the M d of the particular metastable steel composition or greater than or equal to the temperature of the M d 30 of the particular metastable steel composition. 一種軋製介穩態鋼之方法，其包含以下步驟： a. 選擇不穩定因子(IF)大於或等於2.9之介穩態鋼，其中IF係藉由以下等式來計算： IF=37.193 -51.248(C%) -0.4677(Cr%) -1.67(Cu%) -1.0174(Mn%) -34.396 (N%) -2.5884(Ni%)； b. 在軋製之前，使該介穩態鋼升溫至大於80°F且小於或等於250°F； c. 軋製該介穩態鋼。A method of rolling a metastable steel comprising the steps of: a. selecting a metastable steel having an unstable factor (IF) greater than or equal to 2.9, wherein the IF is calculated by the following equation: IF = 37.193 - 51.248 (C%) -0.4677 (Cr%) -1.67 (Cu%) -1.0174 (Mn%) -34.396 (N%) -2.5884 (Ni%); b. Warm the metastable steel until rolling More than 80 °F and less than or equal to 250 °F; c. Rolling the metastable steel.
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