TW201820765A - 功率變換裝置與功率變換方法 - Google Patents

功率變換裝置與功率變換方法 Download PDF

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TW201820765A
TW201820765A TW105143460A TW105143460A TW201820765A TW 201820765 A TW201820765 A TW 201820765A TW 105143460 A TW105143460 A TW 105143460A TW 105143460 A TW105143460 A TW 105143460A TW 201820765 A TW201820765 A TW 201820765A
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converter
direct current
power conversion
power
current
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言超
孫麗萍
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台達電子工業股份有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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Abstract

一種功率變換裝置於此揭露。功率變換裝置包含交流/直流轉換器、直流/直流轉換器及直流/直流隔離轉換器。交流/直流轉換器用以將交流電轉換為第一直流電，或將第一直流電轉換為交流電。直流/直流轉換器用以將第一直流電轉換為第二直流電，或將第二直流電轉換為第一直流電。直流/直流隔離轉換器耦接於交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器之間，用以進行交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離。

Description

功率變換裝置與功率變換方法
本案係有關於一種功率變換裝置與功率變換方法，且特別是有關於一種雙向隔離之功率變換裝置與功率變換方法。
隨著新能源領域的發展，包括太陽能領域、風力發電領域…等，新能源發電在整體發電市場的佔有率越來越高。然而，新能源發電受制於天氣狀況，以致其發電量之波動較大，因此對電網的影響很大。為解決新能源發電對電網造成之不良影響，可採用儲能裝置以作為新能源發電站與電網間的緩衝裝置，進而降低新能源發電輸出之電量波動對電網造成的影響。
另一方面，交通領域的電氣化，包括軌道交通，電動汽車甚至未來的電推進艦船和飛行器都需要配置儲能裝置，由此可知未來對於儲能裝置的需求將與日俱增。於應用儲能裝置來進行電能之儲存時，需要對儲能裝置內之電池進行充放電，若在部分狀況下，必須由同一功率變換器來進行上述電池之充放電，則需要一種可靠的雙向功率變換器來進行電池之充放電。
然而，先前的雙向功率變換器若以輸入側之轉換器來同時進行電源轉換與雙向隔離，其重量與體積均會較大，且價格會較為昂貴。此外，若以輸出側之轉換器來同時進行電源轉換與雙向隔離，則會有設計不易與效率低落之問題。
由此可見，上述現有的方式，顯然仍存在不便與缺陷，而有待改進。為了解決上述問題，相關領域莫不費盡心思來謀求解決之道，但長久以來仍未發展出適當的解決方案。
發明內容旨在提供本揭示內容的簡化摘要，以使閱讀者對本揭示內容具備基本的理解。此發明內容並非本揭示內容的完整概述，且其用意並非在指出本案實施例的重要/關鍵元件或界定本案的範圍。
本案內容之一目的是在提供一種功率變換裝置與功率變換方法，藉以改善先前技術的問題。
為達上述目的，本案內容之一技術態樣係關於一種功率變換器。功率變換器包含交流/直流轉換器、直流/直流轉換器及直流/直流隔離轉換器。交流/直流轉換器用以將交流電轉換為第一直流電，或將第一直流電轉換為交流電。直流/直流轉換器用以將第一直流電轉換為第二直流電，或將第二直流電轉換為第一直流電。直流/直流隔離轉換器耦接於交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器之間，用以進行交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離。
在一實施例中，直流/直流隔離轉換器包含高頻直流/直流隔離轉換器。
在另一實施例中，直流/直流隔離轉換器包含LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器。
於再一實施例中，交流/直流轉換器包含D型三電平轉換器、T型三電平轉換器及二電平轉換器其中至少一者。
在又一實施例中，直流/直流轉換器包含多相升降壓型轉換器。
為達上述目的，本案內容之另一技術態樣係關於一種功率變換方法，其應用於功率變換裝置中。此功率變換裝置包含交流/直流轉換器、直流/直流隔離轉換器及直流/直流轉換器。直流/直流隔離轉換器耦接於交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器之間。上述功率變換方法包含：藉由交流/直流轉換器將交流電轉換為第一直流電，或將第一直流電轉換為交流電；藉由直流/直流轉換器將第一直流電轉換為第二直流電，或將第二直流電轉換為第一直流電；以及藉由直流/直流隔離轉換器進行交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離。
在一實施例中，直流/直流隔離轉換器進行交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離的步驟包含以下流程：藉由高頻直流/直流隔離轉換器進行交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離。
在另一實施例中，直流/直流隔離轉換器進行交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離的步驟包含以下流程：藉由LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器進行交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離。
於再一實施例中，藉由交流/直流轉換器將交流電轉換為第一直流電，或將第一直流電轉換為交流電的步驟包含以下流程：藉由D型三電平轉換器、T型三電平轉換器及二電平轉換器的其中至少一者，以將交流電轉換為第一直流電，或將第一直流電轉換為交流電。
在又一實施例中，藉由直流/直流轉換器將第一直流電轉換為第二直流電，或將第二直流電轉換為第一直流電的步驟包含以下流程：藉由多相升降壓型轉換器將第一直流電轉換為第二直流電，或將第二直流電轉換為第一直流電。
因此，根據本案之技術內容，本案實施例藉由提供一種功率變換裝置與功率變換方法，藉由上述元件設計或操作方式，使其成為適應性廣泛之雙向功率變換裝置，而得以適應很寬的電池電壓範圍和電網電壓範圍，並且具有轉換效率高及輸入輸出端間的安全隔離。
在參閱下文實施方式後，本案所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者當可輕易瞭解本案之基本精神及其他發明目的，以及本案所採用之技術手段與實施態樣。
為了使本揭示內容的敘述更加詳盡與完備，下文針對了本案的實施態樣與具體實施例提出了說明性的描述；但這並非實施或運用本案具體實施例的唯一形式。實施方式中涵蓋了多個具體實施例的特徵以及用以建構與操作這些具體實施例的方法步驟與其順序。然而，亦可利用其他具體實施例來達成相同或均等的功能與步驟順序。
除非本說明書另有定義，此處所用的科學與技術詞彙之含義與本案所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所理解與慣用的意義相同。此外，在不和上下文衝突的情形下，本說明書所用的單數名詞涵蓋該名詞的複數型；而所用的複數名詞時亦涵蓋該名詞的單數型。
另外，關於本文中所使用之「耦接」，可指二或多個元件相互直接作實體或電性接觸，或是相互間接作實體或電性接觸，亦可指二或多個元件相互操作或動作。
第1圖係依照本案一實施例繪示一種功率變換裝置100的示意圖。 如圖所示，功率變換裝置100包含交流/直流轉換器110、直流/直流隔離轉換器120及直流/直流轉換器130。於連接關係上，直流/直流隔離轉換器120耦接於交流/直流轉換器110與直流/直流轉換器130之間。
於操作上，交流/直流轉換器110用以將交流電轉換為直流電，以完成非隔離的交流/直流轉換。直流/直流隔離轉換器120用以進行交流/直流轉換器110與直流/直流轉換器間130的雙向隔離，於此，直流/直流隔離轉換器120是用以實現線路間的高頻隔離，基本上不需要調節電壓，只完成雙向隔離任務。接著，經交流/直流轉換器110轉換而得之直流電提供給直流/直流轉換器130，由直流/直流轉換器130將具有第一電壓之直流電轉換為具有第二電壓之直流電，在此，直流/直流轉換器130完成了輸出電壓的大範圍調節，同時實現各種輸出電壓下的高效率轉換。
再者，功率變換裝置100可作為雙向功率變換裝置，以於必要狀況下對外部裝置，例如儲能裝置內之電池進行充放電，因此，功率變換裝置100之直流/直流轉換器130更可將具有第二電壓之直流電轉換為具有第一電壓之直流電，換言之，直流/直流轉換器130可進行雙向轉換。此外，功率變換裝置100之交流/直流轉換器110更可將具有第一電壓之直流電轉換為交流電，換言之，交流/直流轉換器110可進行雙向轉換。
如此一來，由於本案之功率變換裝置100可作為雙向功率變換裝置，且其輸入側之轉換器(如交流/直流轉換器110)只完成本身的轉換任務，不額外負責隔離任務，因此，其重量與體積相較於先前技術來說均可縮減，且價格會較為低廉。另外，功率變換裝置100的輸出側之轉換器(如直流/直流轉換器130)亦僅完成本身的轉換任務，不額外負責隔離任務，據此，相較於先前技術來說，其設計較為容易且轉換效率較高。此外，功率變換裝置100還可藉由直流/直流隔離轉換器120實現線路間的高頻隔離，因此，藉由上述元件設計與配置，使功率變換裝置100成為適應性廣泛之雙向功率變換裝置，而得以適應很寬的電池電壓範圍和電網電壓範圍，並且具有轉換效率高及輸入輸出端間的安全隔離。
第2圖~第4圖係依照本案另一實施例繪示一種如第1圖所示之功率變換裝置100的交流/直流轉換器110的詳細電路示意圖。如第2圖所示，交流/直流轉換器110可採用D型三電平轉換器(D-type three level inverter/converter)來實現。如第3圖所示，交流/直流轉換器110可採用T型三電平轉換器(T-type three level inverter/converter)來實現。如第4圖所示，交流/直流轉換器110可採用二電平轉換器( two level inverter/converter)來實現。於本實施例中，交流/直流轉換器110通過電磁干擾濾波器(EMI filter)的輸入端R、S和T接收三相交流電並將三相交流電轉換為直流電，該直流電從直流母線正極端B+和直流母線負極端B-輸出。然本案不以上述實施例為限，其僅用以例示性地說明本案的實現方式之一。
第5圖係依照本案一實施例繪示一種功率變換裝置100A的示意圖。如圖所示，功率變換裝置100A的交流/直流轉換器110A可採用三電平轉換器(three level inverter/converter)來實現。直流/直流隔離轉換器120A可採用LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器(DCX)來實現。直流/直流轉換器130A可採用單相或多相升降壓型轉換器(one or multi-phase buck boost converter)來實現。第5圖所示之功率變換裝置100A的操作方式類似於第1圖所示之功率變換裝置100A的操作方式，為使說明書簡潔，於此不作贅述。
第6圖係依照本案另一實施例繪示一種如第1圖或第5圖所示之功率變換裝置100/100A的直流/直流隔離轉換器120/120A的詳細電路示意圖。如圖所示，功率變換裝置100/100A的直流/直流隔離轉換器120/120A可採用LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器(DCX)來實現。
第7圖係依照本案再一實施例繪示一種如第1圖或第5圖所示之功率變換裝置100/100A的直流/直流轉換器130/130A的詳細電路示意圖。如圖所示，直流/直流轉換器130/130A可採用多相升降壓型轉換器(multi-phase buck boost converter)來實現。
在一實施例中，若功率變換裝置100/100A的直流/直流隔離轉換器120/120A與直流/直流轉換器130/130A採用串聯的兩級D2D(直流/直流(DC/DC))方案，直流/直流隔離轉換器120/120A採用LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器(DCX)(開環控制，工作頻率保持不變，同時工作頻率和理論上的諧振頻率基本相同，如兩者的偏差小於10%)，或者雖然是閉環控制，但是通過設定特定的輸出電壓參考，使得工作頻率也是非常接近LLC的諧振頻率(如fs=fresonant±10%)；直流/直流轉換器130/130A採用多相升降壓型轉換器(multi-phase buck boost converter)，通過脈波寬度調變(Pulse Width Modulation， PWM)的控制方法，實現輸出電壓的調節和效率的最優化。
相較於本案採用三級架構(交流/直流轉換器110、直流/直流隔離轉換器120及直流/直流轉換器130)之線路，先前技術中採用兩級架構之線路會有以下問題。假設變換器的輸出電壓變化率H=2，輸入電壓固定，則於設定在輸出電壓為最大值Vmax時，該電路的有效占空比為90%，另外的10%為原邊電流換向的時間，那麼，在輸出電壓為最小值Vmin時，該電路的有效占空比為45%，另外的45%為線路續流的時間，還有10%為原邊電流換向的時間。問題的重點在於這45%的線路續流的時間內，電感電流的續流路徑不僅要經過副邊的同步整流金氧半場效應電晶體(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor， MOSFET)，還有變壓器的原副邊繞組，還有原邊等效的續流電流流過原邊的金氧半場效應電晶體和金氧半場效應電晶體的反並聯二極體以及原邊的串聯電感器，正因為電感電流續流的路徑中有許多器件，所以會產生比較大的通態損耗。而且很顯然，續流時間占比越大，整體損耗越大，效率就越低。所以當輸出電壓比較低的時候，電路的有效占空比就越低 (電路的有效占空比和輸出電壓基本上是成正比的)，所以效率就比較低。
本案採用三級架構之線路可改善上述問題，說明如後。假設本案之升降壓型轉換器的輸出電壓變化率H=2，輸入電壓固定，則於設定在輸出電壓為最大值Vmax時，該電路的有效占空比為95%，這個線路不存在原邊電流換向的時間，那麼，在輸出電壓為Vmin時，該電路的有效占空比為47.5%，另外的52.5%為電感電流續流的時間。對於升降壓型轉換器而言，在電感電流續流過程中，電流只流過一個續流金氧半場效應電晶體，相比於先前技術，續流過程中的損耗大大減小了，因此在同樣比較低的輸出電壓下，升降壓型轉換器的效率遠高於移相全橋線路。通常在上述假設的例子中，當H=2，輸出電壓Vmin=0.5Vmax的情況下，升降壓型轉換器的效率會高過移相全橋線路2.5%~3%，在某些應用如H=10， 輸出電壓Vmin=0.1Vmax的情況下，升降壓型轉換器的效率甚至會高過移相全橋線路10%。當然對於本案的三級架構之線路，其中直流/直流(DC/DC)部分的效率是由第二級LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器(DCX)的效率和第三級升降壓型轉換器的效率相乘得到的。其中典型的LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器(DCX)的效率在最終的輸出電壓(也就是升降壓型轉換器的輸出電壓)Vmax，0.5Vmax，0.1Vmax的狀況下為98.5%， 99%， 97%， 所以在0.5Vmax和0.1Vmax 的情況下，三級架構方案的效率會分別比兩級架構的方案高出1.5% 和7%，而且最終輸出電壓越低，三級架構相對於二級架構的效率優勢越明顯。
第8圖係依照本案又一實施例繪示一種如第5圖所示之功率變換裝置100A的詳細電路示意圖。如圖所示，功率變換裝置100A的交流/直流轉換器110A可採用T型三電平轉換器(T-type three level inverter/converter)來實現。直流/直流隔離轉換器120A可採用LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器(DCX)來實現。直流/直流轉換器130A可採用單相或多相升降壓型轉換器(multi-phase buck boost converter)來實現。然本案不以上述實施例為限，其僅用以例示性地說明本案的實現方式之一。
第9圖係依照本案一實施例繪示一種功率變換方法900之流程示意圖。如圖所示，本案之功率變換方法900包含以下步驟：
步驟910：藉由交流/直流轉換器將交流電轉換為直流電，或將直流電轉換為交流電；
步驟920：藉由直流/直流轉換器將具有第一電壓之直流電轉換為具有第二電壓之直流電，或將具有第二電壓之直流電轉換為具有第一電壓之直流電；以及
步驟930：藉由直流/直流隔離轉換器進行交流/直流轉換器與直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離。
為使本案實施例之功率變換方法900易於理解，請一併參閱第1圖及第9圖。於步驟910中，藉由交流/直流轉換器110將交流電轉換為直流電，或將直流電轉換為交流電。舉例而言，可藉由D型三電平轉換器(D-type three level inverter/converter)、T型三電平轉換器(T-type three level inverter/converter)或二電平轉換器(two level inverter/converter)以將交流電轉換為直流電，或將直流電轉換為交流電。
於步驟920中，藉由直流/直流轉換器130將具有第一電壓之直流電轉換為具有第二電壓之直流電，或將具有第二電壓之直流電轉換為具有第一電壓之直流電。舉例而言，可藉由多相升降壓型轉換器(multi-phase buck boost converter)以將具有第一電壓之直流電轉換為具有第二電壓之直流電，或將具有第二電壓之直流電轉換為具有第一電壓之直流電。
於步驟930中，藉由直流/直流隔離轉換器120進行交流/直流轉換器110與直流/直流轉換器130間的雙向隔離。舉例而言，可藉由高頻直流/直流隔離轉換器以進行交流/直流轉換器110與直流/直流轉換器130間的雙向隔離。此外，可藉由LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器(DCX)以進行交流/直流轉換器110與直流/直流轉換器130間的雙向隔離。
所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者當可明白，功率變換方法900中之各步驟依其執行之功能予以命名，僅係為了讓本案之技術更加明顯易懂，並非用以限定該等步驟。將各步驟予以整合成同一步驟或分拆成多個步驟，或者將任一步驟更換到另一步驟中執行，皆仍屬於本揭示內容之實施方式。
由上述本案實施方式可知，應用本案具有下列優點。本案實施例藉由提供一種功率變換裝置與功率變換方法，藉由上述元件設計與操作方式，使其成為適應性廣泛之雙向功率變換裝置，而得以適應很寬的電池電壓範圍和電網電壓範圍，並且具有轉換效率高及輸入輸出端間的安全隔離。
雖然上文實施方式中揭露了本案的具體實施例，然其並非用以限定本案，本案所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不悖離本案之原理與精神的情形下，當可對其進行各種更動與修飾，因此本案之保護範圍當以附隨申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100、100A‧‧‧功率變換裝置
110、110A‧‧‧交流/直流轉換器
120、120A‧‧‧直流/直流隔離轉換器
130、130A‧‧‧直流/直流轉換器
900‧‧‧功率變換方法
910~930‧‧‧步驟
為讓本案之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例能更明顯易懂，所附圖式之說明如下： 第1圖係依照本案一實施例繪示一種功率變換裝置的示意圖。 第2圖係依照本案另一實施例繪示一種如第1圖所示之功率變換裝置的交流/直流轉換器的詳細電路示意圖。 第3圖係依照本案再一實施例繪示一種如第1圖所示之功率變換裝置的交流/直流轉換器的詳細電路示意圖。 第4圖係依照本案又一實施例繪示一種如第1圖所示之功率變換裝置的交流/直流轉換器的詳細電路示意圖。 第5圖係依照本案一實施例繪示一種功率變換裝置的示意圖。 第6圖係依照本案另一實施例繪示一種如第1圖或第5圖所示之功率變換裝置的直流/直流隔離轉換器的詳細電路示意圖。 第7圖係依照本案再一實施例繪示一種如第1圖或第5圖所示之功率變換裝置的直流/直流轉換器的詳細電路示意圖。 第8圖係依照本案又一實施例繪示一種如第5圖所示之功率變換裝置的詳細電路示意圖。 第9圖係依照本案一實施例繪示一種功率變換方法之流程示意圖。 根據慣常的作業方式，圖中各種特徵與元件並未依比例繪製，其繪製方式是為了以最佳的方式呈現與本案相關的具體特徵與元件。此外，在不同圖式間，以相同或相似的元件符號來指稱相似的元件/部件。

Claims (10)

  1. 一種功率變換裝置，其特徵在於，包含： 一交流/直流轉換器，用以將一交流電轉換為一第一直流電，或將該第一直流電轉換為該交流電； 一直流/直流轉換器，用以將該第一直流電轉換為該第二直流電，或將該第二直流電轉換為該第一直流電；以及 一直流/直流隔離轉換器，耦接於該交流/直流轉換器與該直流/直流轉換器之間，用以進行該交流/直流轉換器與該直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離。
  2. 如請求項1所述的功率變換裝置，其中該直流/直流隔離轉換器包含一高頻直流/直流隔離轉換器。
  3. 如請求項1所述的功率變換裝置，其中該直流/直流隔離轉換器包含一LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器。
  4. 如請求項1所述的功率變換裝置，其中該交流/直流轉換器包含D型三電平轉換器、T型三電平轉換器及二電平轉換器的其中至少一者。
  5. 如請求項1所述的功率變換裝置，其中該直流/直流轉換器包含多相升降壓型轉換器。
  6. 一種功率變換方法，應用於一功率變換裝置，其中該功率變換裝置包含一交流/直流轉換器、一直流/直流隔離轉換器及一直流/直流轉換器，該直流/直流隔離轉換器耦接於該交流/直流轉換器與該直流/直流轉換器之間，其中該功率變換方法包含： 藉由該交流/直流轉換器將一交流電轉換為一第一直流電，或將該第一直流電轉換為該交流電； 藉由該直流/直流轉換器將該第一直流電轉換為一第二直流電，或將該第二直流電轉換為該第一直流電；以及 藉由該直流/直流隔離轉換器進行該交流/直流轉換器與該直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離。
  7. 如請求項6所述的功率變換方法，藉由該直流/直流隔離轉換器進行該交流/直流轉換器與該直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離包含： 藉由高頻直流/直流隔離轉換器進行該交流/直流轉換器與該直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離。
  8. 如請求項6所述的功率變換方法，藉由該直流/直流隔離轉換器進行該交流/直流轉換器與該直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離包含： 藉由LLC非調節直流/直流隔離轉換器進行該交流/直流轉換器與該直流/直流轉換器間的雙向隔離。
  9. 如請求項6所述的功率變換方法，藉由該交流/直流轉換器將該交流電轉換為該第一直流電，或將該第一直流電轉換為該交流電包含： 藉由D型三電平轉換器、T型三電平轉換器及二電平轉換器的其中至少一者，以將該交流電轉換為該第一直流電，或將該第一直流電轉換為該交流電。
  10. 如請求項6所述的功率變換方法，藉由該直流/直流轉換器將該第一直流電轉換為該第二直流電，或將該第二直流電轉換為該第一直流電包含： 藉由多相升降壓型轉換器將該第一直流電轉換為該第二直流電，或將該第二直流電轉換為該第一直流電。
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