TW201711705A - 經5-胺基乙醯丙酸複合(conjugated)的量子點奈米粒子 - Google Patents
經5-胺基乙醯丙酸複合(conjugated)的量子點奈米粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201711705A TW201711705A TW105126130A TW105126130A TW201711705A TW 201711705 A TW201711705 A TW 201711705A TW 105126130 A TW105126130 A TW 105126130A TW 105126130 A TW105126130 A TW 105126130A TW 201711705 A TW201711705 A TW 201711705A
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- nanoparticle
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- quantum dot
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Classifications
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Abstract
經5-胺基乙醯丙酸複合(conjugated)的量子點奈米粒子可用於治療癌症,其係藉由在光動力療法中投與該經5-胺基乙醯丙酸複合的量子點奈米粒子作為螢光標記及光敏劑二者之前體來實施。
Description
本發明係關於複合(conjugated)至量子點奈米粒子之5-胺基乙醯丙酸及其衍生物以及製備複合至量子點奈米粒子之5-胺基乙醯丙酸及其衍生物之方法。本發明亦係關於在光動力療法中藉由投與複合至量子點奈米粒子的5-胺基乙醯丙酸及其衍生物作為螢光標記及光敏劑二者之前體以治療癌症之方法。
根據 37 CFR 1.97 及 1.98 揭示包括資訊之相關技術之說明。
光動力療法(PDT)係使用稱為光敏劑(PS)之光敏性藥物連同光一起殺死癌細胞之治療。藥物僅在其由光激活後起作用。在利用適當光輻照時,光敏劑產生反應性氧物質(ROS)用於破壞贅生組織。 5-胺基乙醯丙酸(5-ALA)係用於PDT之經批准PS且已廣泛使用。亦已提議將5-ALA之衍生物及類似物作為PS用於PDT;特別地,5-ALA之酯衍生物,如揭示於WO 2002009690 (其全文以引用的方式併入本文中)中者。5-ALA及其衍生物與類似物係前藥,且一旦內在化至腫瘤細胞中,其經歷至天然光敏劑原卟啉(photoporphyrin) IX (PpIX)之轉化。不同於以外源方式投與之PS (例如PHOTOFRIN® (卟吩姆鈉(porfimer sodium)) [CONCORDIA LABORATORIES INC. ST. MICHAEL BARBADOS BB11005]),光動力非活性、非選擇性且無毒5-ALA係以細胞內方式代謝為光動力活性及螢光PpIX。隨後利用光(例如藍光)照射腫瘤位點以激活PpIX,觸發氧化性損傷並誘導細胞毒性。 然而,5-ALA係極性分子。5-ALA之兩性離子性質及親水性極大地限制其滲透穿過組織(例如完整皮膚)、結節性皮膚病灶及穿過細胞膜,此導致細胞攝取緩慢及腫瘤細胞中PpIX之不一致累積。因此,5-ALA滲透穿過細胞膜及靶向遞送至腫瘤細胞在改良PDT之效能及特異性方面係挑戰。 另外,5-ALA亦可係癌症(例如神經膠質瘤及黑色素瘤)之螢光導引手術中之標誌物。上文所述之限制使得5-ALA作為標記劑之能力對於此應用亦不令人滿意。
對於在2 nm至100 nm範圍內之粒子的製備及表徵已存在大量關注,該等粒子經常稱為量子點,其作為複合物半導體用於光療法、顯示器、照明、太陽能及生物成像中。 美國專利第7,588,828號(於2007年9月10日提出申請且於2009年9月15日頒佈)、美國專利第7,803,423號(於2005年4月27日提出申請且於2010年9月28日頒佈)、美國專利第7,867,556號、美國專利第7,985,446號(於2010年8月11日提出申請且於2011年7月26日頒佈)、美國專利第8,062,703號(於2010年8月10日提出申請且於2011年11月22日頒佈)、申請人共同擁有之美國申請案第14/207,084號、申請人共同擁有之美國申請案第14/212,702號及申請人共同擁有之美國申請案第14/208,311號(該等之全部內容以全文引用的方式併入本文中)闡述產生大量高品質、單分散QD之方法。QD前體係在分子團簇化合物之存在下在維持分子團簇之完整性之條件下提供,並用作良好界定之預製種晶或模板以提供與化學前體反應之成核中心,從而以用於工業應用之足夠大之規模產生高品質奈米粒子。 QD粒子可利用有機末端基官能化用於進一步化學操縱。一個實例係鈍化層。在製備QD之製程中,任一奈米粒子中最終無機表面原子之配位可係不完整的,其中在粒子表面上具有高反應性不完全配位之原子「懸鍵」,其可導致粒子團聚。為克服此問題,可採用有機鈍化層以利用保護性有機基團覆蓋裸露的表面原子。鈍化層提供有機官能基,藉助其使得可能化學鏈接至其他材料。 本發明提供複合物,其包含複合至奈米粒子複合物之5-ALA、其衍生物及其類似物。在一個實施例中,5-ALA鍵結至奈米粒子。5-ALA可與奈米粒子以共價方式、以物理方式、離子配對或凡得瓦(Van der Waals)相互作用複合。鍵可藉由直接位於量子點奈米粒子之無機表面上或位於用以使得奈米粒子為水溶性或生物相容之有機電暈層上之醯胺、酯、硫酯或硫醇錨定基團形成。 在一個實施例中,5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物包含:分子團簇化合物、核心半導體材料及外層,其中外層包含R,其中R係。 在另一實施例中,奈米粒子係合金化之量子點。不同於核心-外殼結構化之奈米粒子,合金化之奈米粒子不具有經界定之核心-外殼構形且具有漸變帶隙。 實施例亦提供製備上文所述之5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物之方法,其包含以下步驟:1) 使奈米粒子與5-ALA偶合以得到粗5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物,其中奈米粒子包含具有羧基之外層;2)純化粗5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物;及3) 分離5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物。 實施例提供用於螢光標記劑及光敏劑之系統,該等系統包含5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物,該複合物包含:具有外層之量子點包含R,其中R係。 實施例提供治療癌症之方法,其包含以下步驟:在光動力療法中投與5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物作為螢光標記及光敏劑二者之前體,及隨後輻照光敏劑。 實施例提供誘導細胞凋亡之方法,其包含以下步驟:在光動力療法中投與5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物作為螢光標記與光敏劑二者之前體,及隨後輻照光敏劑。 實施例提供5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物與組織特異性配體(例如能夠靶向一或多種特定組織用於攝取5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物之肽)之進一步複合。此一肽之實例係能夠靶向癌細胞及贅生組織(包括腫瘤)之抗體。所靶向癌症之實例包括前列腺癌、乳癌、結腸癌、皮膚癌、子宮頸癌、膀胱癌、肺癌及胃癌。能夠靶向一或多個特定組織之肽可與奈米粒子以共價方式、以物理方式、離子配對或凡得瓦相互作用複合。鍵可藉由直接位於量子點奈米粒子之無機表面上或位於用以使得奈米粒子為水溶性及生物相容之有機電暈層上之醯胺、酯、硫酯或硫醇錨定基團形成。 實施例包括經皮下、靜脈內、肌內、局部及經口投與5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物。實例包括快速注射或IV輸注。 實施例亦包括診斷癌症之方法,其包含以下步驟:在光動力診斷中投與5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物作為螢光標記及光敏劑二者之前體,使5-ALA自奈米粒子解離並形成PpIX,及激發經解離之奈米粒子以發射375 nm至475 nm之藍光,激活PpIX之螢光性質以及使螢光成像以檢測癌症。 實施例亦包括手術切除腫瘤細胞之方法,其包含以下步驟:在光動力診斷中投與5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物作為螢光標記及光敏劑二者之前體,使5-ALA自奈米粒子解離並形成PpIX,及激發經解離之奈米粒子以發射375 nm至475 nm之藍光,以及激活PpIX之螢光性質,由此允許檢測及去除腫瘤細胞。
相關申請案之交叉參考 :
本申請案主張於2015年8月17日申請之美國臨時申請案第62/205,998號之權益。 關於聯邦政府贊助之研究或開發之聲明:不適用 在圖1中,藉由使奈米粒子與5-ALA反應提供5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物。作為實例,奈米粒子包含分子團簇化合物、核心半導體材料及外層。外層包含羧基,5-ALA與其反應以形成鏈接。應瞭解5-ALA之衍生物及類似物可單獨或組合使用。亦應瞭解,亦可使用合金化之奈米粒子。另外,可使用核心-外殼奈米粒子及合金化之奈米粒子之組合。 5-ALA之衍生物包括(但不限於): 5-ALA n- 烷基酯
5-ALA甲酯(胺基乙醯丙酸甲酯,商標名METVIV™) 5-ALA乙酯 5-ALA丙酯 5-ALA丁酯 5-ALA戊酯 5-ALA己酯(胺基乙醯丙酸己酯,商標名HEXVIX™) 5-ALA辛酯 以及: 5-ALA (羥甲基)四氫呋喃酯;及 5-ALA聚乙二醇衍生物 加鹽,例如: 5-ALA • HCl 核心-外殼奈米粒子之類型包括(但不限於)包含以下類型之核心材料: IIA-VIB (2-16)材料,其由來自週期表之第2族之第一元素及來自週期表之第16族之第二元素組成且亦包括三元及四元材料及經摻雜材料。奈米粒子材料包括(但不限於):MgS、MgSe、MgTe、CaS、CaSe、CaTe、SrS、SrSe、SrTe、BaS、BaSe、BaTe。 IIB-VIB (12-16)材料,其由來自週期表之第12族之第一元素及來自週期表之第16族之第二元素組成且亦包括三元及四元材料及經摻雜材料。奈米粒子材料包括(但不限於):ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、CdS、CdSe、CdTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe。 II-V材料,其由來自週期表之第12族之第一元素及來自週期表之第15族之第二元素組成且亦包括三元及四元材料及經摻雜材料。奈米粒子材料包括(但不限於):Zn3
P2
、Zn3
As2
、Cd3
P2
、Cd3
As2
、Cd3
N2
、Zn3
N2
。 III-V材料,其由來自週期表之第13族之第一元素及來自週期表之第15族之第二元素組成且亦包括三元及四元材料及經摻雜材料。奈米粒子材料包括(但不限於):BP、AlP、AlAs、AlSb;GaN、GaP、GaAs、GaSb;InN、InP、InAs、InSb、AlN、BN。 III-IV材料,其由來自週期表之第13族之第一元素及來自週期表之第14族之第二元素組成且亦包括三元及四元材料及經摻雜材料。奈米粒子材料包括(但不限於):B4
C、Al4
C3
、Ga4
C。 III-VI材料,其由來自週期表之第13族之第一元素及來自週期表之第16族之第二元素組成且亦包括三元及四元材料。奈米粒子材料包括(但不限於):Al2
S3
、Al2
Se3
、Al2
Te3
、Ga2
S3
、Ga2
Se3
、GeTe;In2
S3
、In2
Se3
、Ga2
Te3
、In2
Te3
、InTe。 IV-VI材料,其由來自週期表之第14族之第一元素及來自週期表之第16族之第二元素組成且亦包括三元及四元材料及經摻雜材料。奈米粒子材料包括(但不限於):PbS、PbSe、PbTe、Sb2
Te3
、SnS、SnSe、SnTe。 奈米粒子材料,其由來自週期表之過渡金屬中任一族之第一元素及來自週期表之d區元素之任一族之第二元素組成且亦包括三元及四元材料及經摻雜材料。奈米粒子材料包括(但不限於):NiS、CrS、CuInS2
。 出於此說明書且其申請專利範圍之目的,術語「經摻雜奈米粒子」係指上文之奈米粒子及包含一或多種主族或稀土元素之摻雜劑。此最經常係過渡金屬或稀土元素,例如(但不限於)具有錳之硫化鋅,例如經Mn+
摻雜之ZnS奈米粒子。 在一個實施例中,不含鎘之奈米粒子係較佳的。 在實施例中,奈米粒子包括第一層,該第一層包括提供於奈米粒子核心上之第一半導體材料。包括第二半導體材料之第二層可提供於第一層上。 可使用標準複合化學用於複合。舉例而言,製備5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物之方法可包括以下步驟:提供奈米粒子,提供偶合劑,提供5-ALA、5-ALA衍生物(例如其酯衍生物)、5-ALA類似物,培育混合物以形成粗5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物。然後粗5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物可經純化並分離以獲得5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物。 培育條件可經選擇以允許形成醯胺或酯。應瞭解可形成其他鍵(例如,共價及非共價二者)。在一個實施例中,5-ALA鍵結至奈米粒子。5-ALA可與奈米粒子以共價方式、以物理方式、離子配對或凡得瓦相互作用複合。鍵可藉由直接位於量子點奈米粒子之無機表面上或位於用以使得奈米粒子為水溶性或生物相容之有機電暈層上之醯胺、酯、硫酯或硫醇錨定基團形成。 可採用標準培育條件用於偶合。舉例而言,偶合條件可係0.5小時至4小時範圍內之解決方案。偶合條件之溫度範圍可在100℃至200℃之範圍內。在反應期間,偶合條件可係恆定的或變化的。舉例而言,反應條件可係130℃持續1小時,然後升至140℃持續3小時。 可使用鏈接劑以在奈米粒子上之羧基官能基與5-ALA上之羧基或胺末端基之間形成醯胺或酯基。鏈接劑或偶合劑可包括苯并三唑基氧基-參(二甲基胺基)鏻六氟磷酸鹽(BOP)及碳二亞胺,例如二環己基碳二亞胺(DCC)、二異丙基碳二亞胺(DIC)及1-(3-二甲基-胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽(EDC)。EDC係用作醯胺偶合劑之較佳碳二亞胺。 在實例中,具有羧基末端基之量子點奈米粒子及5-ALA可於溶劑中混合。可將偶合劑(例如EDC)添加至混合物中。可培育反應混合物。粗5-ALA-QD奈米粒子複合物可經受純化以獲得5-ALA-QD奈米粒子複合物。 可使用標準固態純化方法。過濾並利用適宜溶劑洗滌之若干個循環可係必需的,以去除過量未反應之5-ALA及EDC。 在另一實施例中,5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物可進一步包括能夠靶向癌細胞之配體。舉例而言,化學化合物或肽(例如抗體)可複合至5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物以進一步實現5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物之細胞攝取用於光檢測或光療法。肽之實例係PLZ4 (QDGRMGF),其係可選擇性結合至膀胱癌細胞之肽。肽可藉由其胺或羧酸基與經官能化之奈米粒子形成醯胺或酯鍵。 一旦經選擇性結合至癌細胞,5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物即將由細胞吸收。一旦內在化,5-ALA即經歷至天然光敏劑原卟啉IX (PpIX)之轉化。隨後利用光(例如375 nm至475 nm範圍內之藍光)照射腫瘤位點激活PpIX,利用反應性氧物質(ROS)之釋放觸發氧化性損傷並誘導細胞毒性或細胞凋亡。 因此,本文所揭示之實施例可用於誘導細胞(例如,哺乳動物細胞)之細胞凋亡之方法,其包含以下步驟:將5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物投與至需要其之哺乳動物,使5-ALA形成代謝物(例如PpIX)以及輻照代謝物。輻照步驟可藉由激發奈米粒子(例如經解離之奈米粒子)來實施。 實施例亦包括藉由使哺乳動物成像檢測癌細胞之方法。 5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物之投與可經腸內或非經腸。舉例而言,5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物可經皮下、靜脈內、肌內、局部及經口投與。實例包括快速注射或IV輸注。 本發明之5-ALA-QD奈米粒子複合物具有優於不含5-ALA者之以下優點。 第一,5-ALA-QD奈米粒子複合物具有經增強之細胞滲透性且可更有效地由癌細胞、尤其由極具活性之癌症幹細胞吸收。一般而言,奈米粒子在癌細胞中之累積多於正常細胞。QD奈米粒子用作經向量化之遞送系統。 第二,QD發射可經調諧以與PpIX吸收重疊。一旦QD-5ALA粒子內在化至癌細胞中後,即將釋放5-ALA並在幾個小時內轉變為PpIX。然後可使用QD作為光或FRET供體以增強所產生PpIX之激發。由於與小分子染料(如PpIX)相比,QD奈米粒子之分子消光係數高10至100倍,故可吸收更多光且可生成更強之信號,改良信噪檢測比。 第三,高光吸收強度亦可增加PpIX在生成作為光動力療法(PDT)藥劑之單態氧方面之效能。 第四,QD奈米粒子之可調諧性及用於多光子激發(包括雙光子激發)之潛力可使能夠更深之組織檢測及更深之PDT,不像單獨之5-ALA那樣僅可達到幾毫米之組織深度。 第五,雙光子激發或多光子激發提供用於激發波長大於700 nm之方式,並允許PDT使用高度定位之光劑量。 熟習此項技術者將自以上說明書明瞭本發明之此等及其他優點。因此,熟習此項技術者應認識到,可對上文所述之實施例作出改變或修改,而不背離本發明之寬泛發明概念。應瞭解,本發明並不限於本文所述之特定實施例,而是意欲包括在本發明之範疇及精神內之所有改變及修改。
圖1係製備5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物之製程之示意圖。 圖2圖解說明具有附接至其之表面結合之配體之奈米粒子(由實心圓代表)與5-ALA之複合。在此代表性圖解說明中,X = 表面結合配體(硫醇、胺、膦、氧化膦、羧酸等),Y = 鏈接基(包含烷基、烯基、炔基中之一或多者之烴鏈;聚合物,例如PEG、PPO、PEO、聚矽氧橡膠、聚乙烯、丙烯酸樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚丙烯及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯;共聚物;嵌段共聚物等),且Z = 羧酸、酯、醯基氯、酸酐或醛。 圖3圖解說明自圖2之5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物至光敏劑原卟啉IX (PpIX或PROTO)之代謝路徑。
Claims (20)
- 一種經官能化之量子點奈米粒子,其複合至5-胺基乙醯丙酸。
- 如請求項1之5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物,其中該奈米粒子係經由醯胺或酯鍵共價鏈接至5-ALA。
- 如請求項1之經官能化之量子點奈米粒子,其中該量子點奈米粒子係核心-外殼型奈米粒子。
- 如請求項1之經官能化之量子點奈米粒子,其進一步包含能夠靶向癌細胞之配體。
- 如請求項1之經官能化之量子點奈米粒子,其中配體係PLZ4。
- 如請求項1之經官能化之量子點奈米粒子,其中該量子點奈米粒子實質上不含鎘。
- 一種製備5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物之方法,其包含以下步驟: 提供包含分子團簇化合物、核心半導體材料及外層之奈米粒子; 提供偶合劑; 提供5-ALA、5-ALA衍生物或5-ALA類似物; 培育混合物以形成粗5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物; 純化該粗5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物;及 分離該5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中該偶合劑係1-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽。
- 如請求項7之方法,其進一步包含將該5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物複合至能夠靶向癌細胞之配體之步驟。
- 一種誘導細胞之細胞凋亡之方法,其包含以下步驟: 將複合至複數個5-胺基乙醯丙酸之經官能化之奈米粒子投與至需要其之哺乳動物; 使5-胺基乙醯丙酸形成代謝物;及 輻照該等代謝物。
- 如請求項10之方法,其中該代謝物係原卟啉(photoporphyrin) IX。
- 如請求項10之方法,其中該輻照步驟係藉由該奈米粒子來實施。
- 如請求項12之方法,其中該奈米粒子發射在375 nm至475 nm範圍內之光。
- 如請求項10之方法,其中該輻照步驟足以產生反應性氧物質。
- 如請求項10之方法,其中該經官能化之奈米粒子進一步包含能夠靶向癌細胞之配體。
- 如請求項15之方法,其進一步包含將該配體結合至癌細胞之步驟。
- 一種檢測癌細胞之方法,其包含以下步驟: 在光動力診斷中投與5-ALA-奈米粒子複合物作為螢光標記及光敏劑二者之前體; 使5-ALA自該奈米粒子解離; 使5-ALA形成PpIX; 激發經解離之奈米粒子以發射375 nm至475 nm之藍光; 激活PpIX之螢光性質;及 使該螢光成像。
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該投與步驟係藉由注射來實施。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中該注射係靜脈內實施。
- 如請求項19之方法,其中該奈米粒子係合金化之量子點。
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