TW201519795A - 抗返流營養組成物 - Google Patents
抗返流營養組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201519795A TW201519795A TW103105634A TW103105634A TW201519795A TW 201519795 A TW201519795 A TW 201519795A TW 103105634 A TW103105634 A TW 103105634A TW 103105634 A TW103105634 A TW 103105634A TW 201519795 A TW201519795 A TW 201519795A
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- nutritional composition
- starch
- pectin
- protein
- nutritional
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Abstract
本發明關於用於兒科個體之抗返流營養組成物,及投服該抗返流組成物以促進健康成長和發育及減少胃食道逆流(GER)之發生的對應方法。該抗返流營養組成物包含至少一種水解蛋白質、至少一種果膠來源及至少一種澱粉諸如預膠化澱粉。這些成分協同作用以誘導該營養組成物在胃或其他酸性環境中之黏度增加。
Description
本發明關於用於兒科個體之抗返流營養組成物及投服該抗返流營養組成物以促進健康成長及發育之對應方法。更具體地說,本發明關於嬰兒及/或兒童之營養產品,諸如以乳為底質之營養組成物,其包含至少一種水解蛋白質、至少一種澱粉(諸如預膠化之澱粉)及至少一種果膠(諸如低甲基化果膠),其中該營養組成物之成分能協同運作以增加該營養組成物在胃或其他酸性環境中之黏度。
全部嬰兒中有超過半數在出生後的頭三個月受胃食道逆流(GER)影響,因為其食道下括約肌尚未發育完全,直到出生後約六至十二個月。在括約肌發育期間,其可能很容易地被胃的內容物推回而導致吐出或逆流。值得注意的是,相對於涉及胃內容物被强力排出的嘔吐,逆流之特徵為胃內容物大致上為低壓通過。雖然GER很少引起臨床問題,其往往造成嬰兒不適及/或未能茁壯
成長,且其引起父母焦慮。
GER常見於過量餵食後,且餵食配方之嬰兒較餵食母乳的嬰兒更容易出現逆流,因為餵食母乳的嬰兒(i)傾向只食入與他們所需要者一樣多的奶及(ii)吞下較少的空氣。GER可能出現諸如哭泣、疼痛、煩躁、窒息、咳嗽及/或睡眠障礙之症狀,且患有GER之嬰兒可能拒絕經口餵食。
由於標準嬰兒配方中所發現之乳蛋白難以消化,患有GER之餵食配方的嬰兒可能具有額外氣體及/或增加煩躁。治療此問題的一種方法係經由投服經過設計而具有部分水解之乳蛋白的嬰兒配方,諸如,例如Enfamil® Gentlease®(可從美國伊利諾州Glenview之美強生(Mead Johnson)營養公司取得)。同樣地,投服具有降低之乳糖含量的配方亦可將煩躁或氣體減至最少。然而,存在於這些配方中之部分水解蛋白可能降低該重構成之嬰兒配方的黏度,而反過來造成GER的症狀增加。
因此,增稠劑常被用來增加嬰兒配方之黏度。例如Vandenplas Y.,等人描述經由使用米澱粉及/或刺槐豆膠(carob bean gum)來將標準嬰兒配方增稠來治療逆流的效力。(J.Am.College of Nutrition,1998;17(4):308-316)。同樣地,美國專利案第6,099,871號揭示經由添加糯玉米澱粉、糯米澱粉或糯高粱來將標準嬰兒配方增稠以努力改善逆流的方法。然而,在標準嬰兒配方中添加增稠劑可能出現問題。例如,納入具有大水化體
積之增稠劑使得透過奶嘴餵食配方很困難,在某些情況下甚至是不可能。此外,據報導,在接受以米糊增稠之配方的嬰兒中咳嗽增加。(Orenstein SR,Magill HL,Brooks P.Thickened feedings as a cause of increased coughing when used as therapy for gastroesophageal reflux in infants,J.Pediatr.1992;121:913-15)。
因此,提供易於餵食且可用於減少GER之發生或嚴重性的方法中之耐受性良好、營養平衡的組成物將是有利的。
簡單地說,於一實施態樣中,本發明關於以乳為底質之營養組成物,其包含至少一種水解蛋白質來源(其包含乳清蛋白及/或酪蛋白);脂質組分;至少一種預膠化之澱粉;至少一種果膠;及至少一種額外之碳水化合物。該營養組成物可進一步包含至少一種益生質、至少一種益生菌、至少一種額外之植物營養素組分、至少一種長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸(LCPUFA)及/或β-葡聚醣之量。再者,該至少一種預膠化澱粉可包含任何天然或經化學改質之澱粉,諸如,例如玉米澱粉、糯玉米澱粉、木薯澱粉、稻米澱粉、小麥澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉或彼等之任何混合物。
本發明亦關於抗返流嬰兒配方,其包含:至
少一種部分水解蛋白質;至少一種包含預膠化澱粉之澱粉;以及至少一種低甲基化果膠。
再於另一實施態樣中,本發明關於用於減少個體之胃食道逆流之發生的方法,該方法包含投予個體包含至少一種水解蛋白質、至少一種預膠化澱粉及至少一種低甲基化果膠之營養組成物的步驟。
再於其他實施態樣中,本發明關於經由投予個體包含至少一種預膠化澱粉之來源、至少一種果膠來源及至少一種水解蛋白質之來源的營養組成物來支持兒科個體健康生長及發育的方法。
應理解的是,前文之一般描述及以下本發明之實施態樣的詳細描述皆旨在提供用於理解本發明所申請專利之性質及特性的概述或架構。該描述係用於解釋申請專利之標的物的原理和操作。熟習本技藝之人士在閱讀以下之揭露內容後將可輕易地明白本發明之其他和進一步特徵及優點。
第1圖提供顯示根據本發明之各種營養組成物的黏度(厘泊(cP))對pH的關係之圖。
現在參考本發明之實施態樣的詳細內容,下
文中列舉其一或多個實例。所提供之各實例係用於解釋本發明之營養組成物,而非限制。事實上,熟習本技藝之人士將清楚明白本發明之教示內容可在不偏離本發明之範圍下做各種修改及變化。例如,所說明或描述之為一種實施態樣之一部分的特性可與另一實施態樣一起使用以產生更進一步之實施態樣。
因此,本發明意圖涵蓋這類在所附之申請專利範圍及其等效項之範圍內的修改和變化。本發明之其他目的、特徵及態樣揭露於下列之詳細描述中或可從其中顯明。本技藝之一般技術人士將理解目前的討論僅用於描述示例性實施態樣,而不欲限制本發明之更廣泛的態樣。
“營養組成物”意指滿足個體之至少一部分營養需求的物質或調和物。在本發明之全文中,術語“營養”、“營養配方”、“腸內營養”及“營養補充劑”可作為營養組成物之非限制性實例。再者,“營養組成物”可指液體、粉劑、凝膠、糊劑、固體、濃縮物、懸浮液或即時使用形式之腸內配方、口服配方、嬰兒配方、兒科個體配方、兒童配方、成長奶及/或成人配方。
術語“腸內”意指可通過胃腸道或消化道或在胃腸道或消化道內投遞。“腸內投服”包括經口餵食、胃內餵食、經幽門投服或任何其他進入消化道之投服。“投服”較“腸內投服”更廣義且包括胃腸道外投服或任何其他將物質投入個體內的投服途徑。
“兒科個體”係指小於13歲的人。於一些實
施態樣中,兒科個體係指小於8歲的人個體。於其他實施態樣中,兒科個體係指介於1與6歲之間的人個體。再於進一步之實施態樣中,兒科個體係指介於6與12歲之間的人個體。
“嬰兒”意指年齡在出生到不超過一歲之範圍內的人個體且包括0至12個月矯正年齡之嬰兒。“矯正年齡”一詞意指嬰兒之實足年齡減去嬰兒早產的時間量。因此,嬰兒若足月出生則矯正年齡為嬰兒的年齡。術語嬰兒包括低出生體重嬰兒、非常低出生體重嬰兒及早產兒。“早產兒”意指在妊娠第37週結束前出生的嬰兒。“足月兒”意指在妊娠第37週結束後出生之嬰兒。
“兒童”意指年齡在12個月至約13歲之範圍內的個體。於一些實施態樣中,兒童為年齡介於1歲與12歲之間的個體。於其他實施態樣中,術語“兒童們”或“兒童”係指介於約1與約6歲之間或介於約7與約12歲之間的個體。於其他實施態樣中,術語“兒童們”或“兒童”係指介於約12個月與約13歲之間的任何年齡範圍。
“兒童營養產品”係指滿足至少一部分之兒童營養需求的組成物。成長奶為兒童營養產品之一種實例。
術語“水解度”係指肽鍵經水解方法打破之程度。
術語“部分水解”意指水解度大於0%但小於
約50%。
術語“經廣泛水解”意指水解度大於或等於約50%。
術語“不含蛋白質”意指當藉由標準蛋白質檢測法(諸如十二烷基(月桂基)硫酸鈉-丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳法(SDS-PAGE)或尺寸排阻色層分析法)測量時不含有可測得之蛋白質量。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物實質上不含蛋白質,其中“實質上不含”之定義如下。
“嬰兒配方”意指滿足嬰兒之至少一部分營養需求的組成物。在美國,嬰兒配方之內容係由21C.F.R.章節100、106及107中所載之聯邦法規規定。這些法規界定大量營養素、維生素、礦物質及其他成分之含量以努力模擬人類母乳之營養及其他性能。
術語“成長奶”係指欲作為多樣化膳食之一部分以支持年齡介於約1與約6歲之間的兒童正常生長和發育的廣大類別之營養組成物。
“以乳為底質的”意指包含至少一種已從哺乳動物之乳腺提出或萃取出之組分。於一些實施態樣中,以乳為底質之營養組成物包含源自家養有蹄類動物、反芻動物或其他哺乳動物或彼等之任何組合的乳汁組分。再者,於一些實施態樣中,以乳為底質意指包含牛酪蛋白、乳清、乳糖或彼等之任何組合。此外,“以乳為底質之營養組成物”可指包含本技藝已知之任何源自乳品或以乳為底質之產品的任何組成物。
“營養完整的”意指可作為唯一之營養來源的組成物,該組成物可實質上提供所有每日需要量之維生素、礦物質及/或微量元素,加上蛋白質、碳水化合物和脂質。確切地,“營養完整的”描述能提供支持個體正常生長和發育所需之足量的碳水化合物、脂質、必須脂肪酸、蛋白質、必須胺基酸、半必須胺基酸、維生素、礦物質及能源的營養組成物。
因此,顧名思義,對早產兒而言為“營養完整”之營養組成物將定性且定量地提供早產兒生長所需之足量的碳水化合物、脂質、必須脂肪酸、蛋白質、必須胺基酸、半必須胺基酸、維生素、礦物質及能源。
顧名思義,對足月兒而言為“營養完整”之營養組成物將定性且定量地提供足月兒生長所需之足量的全部碳水化合物、脂質、必須脂肪酸、蛋白質、必須胺基酸、半必須胺基酸、維生素、礦物質及能源。
顧名思義,對兒童而言為“營養完整”之營養組成物將定性且定量地提供兒童生長所需之足量的全部碳水化合物、脂質、必須脂肪酸、蛋白質、必須胺基酸、半必須胺基酸、維生素、礦物質及能源。
當應用於營養素時,術語“必須”係指身體無法合成足夠用於正常生長及維持健康之量,因此必須由飲食供應的任何營養素。術語“半必須”當應用於營養素時意指當無法供應身體足量之先質化合物以進行內源性合成時,必須由膳食提供之營養素。
“益生菌”意指能對宿主健康發揮有益影響之具有低或無致病性的微生物。
術語“經滅活之益生菌”或“經滅活之LGG”意指其中所引用之益生菌或鼠李糖乳桿菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG))的代謝活性或繁殖能力已被降低或破壞的益生菌。然而,該“經滅活之益生菌”或“經滅活之LGG”確實仍然保留(在細胞層級)至少一部分其生物乙二醇-蛋白質及DNA/RNA結構。如本文所使用之術語“經滅活”係與“無法存活”同義。在一些實施態樣中,經滅活之LGG係為經熱滅活之LGG。
“益生質”意指經由選擇性地刺激消化道中可改善宿主健康之一種或有限數量之細菌生長及/或活性而有益地影響該宿主的不易消化之食物成分。
“植物營養素”意指天然存在於植物中之化學化合物。植物營養素可能被包含在任何源自植物之物質或萃取物中。術語“植物營養素”包含數種由植物製造之廣大類別的化合物,諸如,例如多酚化合物、花青素、原花青素及黃烷-3-醇(即,兒茶素、表兒茶素),且可源自,例如果實、種子或茶萃取物。此外,術語植物營養素包括所有類胡蘿蔔素、植物固醇、硫醇及其他源自植物之化合物。再者,如熟習本技藝之人士將理解者,除了蛋白質之外,植物萃取物可包括植物營養素,諸如多酚、纖維或其他源自植物之組分。因此,例如除了其他源自植物之物質外,蘋果或葡萄籽萃取物可包含有益之植物營養素組
分,諸如多酚類物質。
“β-葡聚醣”意指所有β-葡聚醣,包括特定類型之β-葡聚醣,諸如β-1,3-葡聚醣或β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣。再者,β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣為β-1,3-葡聚醣之一種類型。因此,術語“β-1,3-葡聚醣”包括β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣。
“果膠”意指任何含有可在植物細胞壁中找到之半乳糖醛酸的天然產生之寡醣或多醣。本技藝中已知具有各種不同物理及化學性質之不同品種和等級的果膠。確切地說,植株之間、組織之間,甚至在單一細胞壁內的果膠結構可以有顯著不同。一般而言,果膠係由帶負電荷之酸性糖類(半乳糖醛酸)所組成,且該酸性基團中有些為甲酯基團之形式。果膠之酯化度為連接半乳吡喃糖基糖醛酸單位之羧基團經甲醇酯化之百分比的測量值。
酯化度小於50%(即,少於50%之羧基團經甲基化以形成甲酯基團)之果膠被歸類為低酯、低甲氧基或低甲基化(“LM”)之果膠,而那些酯化度為50%或高於50%(即,超過50%之羧基團經甲基化)之果膠被歸類為高酯、高甲氧基或高甲基化(“HM”)之果膠。非常低(“VL”)果膠(其為低甲基化之果膠的子集)之酯化度小於約15%。
除非另外具體指明,本文所使用之所有百分比、份數及比例係按總調和物之重量計。
被具體指定為“每日”投服的所有量可能在
24小時之期間內在一個單位劑量中、在單一服用量中或在二或多個劑量或服用量中投服。
本發明之營養組成物可能實質上不含任何本文所描述之可選擇或選定之成分,惟其該其餘的營養組成物仍含有所有本文所描述之必要成分或特性。在此背景下,除非另外具體指明,術語“實質上不含”意指該選定之組成物所含有之可選擇的成分可能少於該成分之功能量,通常少於0.1重量%,且亦包括0重量%之這類可選擇或選定之成分。
除非另外具體指明或明確暗示與所引用之背景相反,本發明中對單數特性或限制之所有引用應包括該對應之複數特性或限制,反之亦然。
除非另外具體指明或明確暗示與所引用之組合的背景相反,本文所使用之所有方法或加工步驟的組合可以任何順序執行。
本發明之方法和組成物(包括其組分)可包含此處所描述之實施態樣的必須要素和限制,以及本文所描述或可用於營養組成物中之任何額外或可選擇之成分、組分或限制,由彼等所組成或實質上由彼等所組成。
如本文所使用之術語“約”應解釋為係指被具體指定為終點之兩個數字內的任何範圍。對範圍之任何引用應被認為係提供對該範圍內之任何子集的支持。
本發明關於包含至少一種水解蛋白質、至少一種澱粉(諸如膠化及/或預膠化之澱粉)及至少一種果
膠(諸如低甲基化果膠)之抗返流營養組成物。該營養組成物支持兒科人個體,諸如嬰兒(早產兒及足月兒)或兒童之整體健康及發育、容易餵食且其在酸性pH水準下引起黏度增加。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物為以乳為底質之營養組成物(諸如抗返流嬰兒配方),其包含至少一種部分水解或經廣泛水解之蛋白質、至少一種預膠化澱粉及至少一種果膠。
於其他實施態樣中,本發明關於用於減少個體胃食道逆流之頻率的方法,該方法包含投予個體包含至少一種水解蛋白質、至少一種預膠化之澱粉及至少一種低甲基化果膠之營養組成物的步驟。
再者,本發明之營養組成物可包含至少一種蛋白質來源。該蛋白質來源可為本技藝中所使用之任何蛋白質來源,例如脫脂乳、乳清蛋白、酪蛋白、大豆蛋白、水解蛋白、胺基酸,等。用於實行本發明之牛乳蛋白來源包括,但不限於乳蛋白粉、乳蛋白濃縮物、乳蛋白分離物、脫脂乳固體、脫脂乳、脫脂乾乳(NFM)、乳清蛋白、乳清蛋白分離物、乳清蛋白濃縮物(WPC)、甜乳清、酸乳清、酪蛋白、酸酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸鹽(例如酪蛋白酸鈉、酪蛋白酸鈣鈉、酪蛋白酸鈣)及彼等之任何組合。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物之蛋白質係以完整蛋白質之形式提供。於其他實施態樣中,該蛋白
質係以完整蛋白質與部分水解蛋白質的組合物形式提供,該部分水解蛋白質的水解度為約4%至10%。於某些其他實施態樣中,該蛋白質之水解度更高。於其他實施態樣中,該蛋白質來源包含胺基酸。再於另一實施態樣中,該蛋白質來源可輔以含麩醯胺之肽類。於另一個實施態樣中,該蛋白質組分包含經廣泛水解之蛋白質。再於另一實施態樣中,該營養組成物之蛋白質組分實質上係由經廣泛水解之蛋白質所組成以將食物過敏的發生減至最少。
有些人表現出對完整蛋白質(即全蛋白質,諸如那些在以完整牛乳蛋白或完整大豆蛋白分離物為底質之配方中者)過敏或敏感。這些具有蛋白質過敏或敏感的人中有許多人對水解蛋白具有耐受性。水解產物配方(亦稱為半元素配方)含有已經水解或分解成短肽片段和胺基酸之蛋白質,因此更容易被消化。在對蛋白質敏感或過敏的人中,與過敏或敏感相關之免疫系統往往會造成皮膚、呼吸道或胃腸道症狀,諸如嘔吐及腹瀉。顯現出對完整蛋白配方產生反應的人們通常不會對水解蛋白配方產生反應,因為其免疫系統不會將水解蛋白視為引起他們症狀的完整蛋白。
一些麥膠蛋白及牛酪蛋白可共有被抗麥膠蛋白IgA抗體辨識之抗原決定部位。因此,本發明之營養組成物可經由提供包含水解蛋白質(諸如水解乳清蛋白及/或水解酪蛋白)之蛋白質組分來降低食物過敏(諸如,例如蛋白質過敏)之發生率,從而降低一些患者對蛋白質
(諸如牛酪蛋白)之免疫反應。水解蛋白組分含有較完整蛋白質組分少的致敏性抗原決定部位。
因此,於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物之蛋白質組分包含部分水解或經廣泛水解之蛋白質,諸如來自牛乳之蛋白質。該水解蛋白質可以酶處理以分解一些或大部分引起不良症狀之蛋白質以減少過敏反應、不耐性及敏感化。再者,該蛋白質可藉由本技藝中已知之任何方法進行水解。
用於本發明之方法及組成物中之水解蛋白質(蛋白水解產物)為已經水解並分解成較短之肽片段及胺基酸之蛋白質,其中該所產生之水解度為至少約5%,於一些實施態樣中為約5%至約10%。如本文所使用之術語“水解的”係指最低水解度為至少約5%之蛋白質水解產物,而較佳之範圍為上文中所引用者。
水解度為肽鍵經水解方法打破之程度。用於表徵該營養組成物之水解蛋白質組分的蛋白質水解度可由調和物技藝中之一般技術人士量化所選定之調和物之蛋白質組分的胺基氮對總氮比(AN/TN))輕易地測得。胺基氮組分係藉由用於測定胺基氮含量之USP滴定法定量,而該總氮組分係藉由Tecator Kjeldahl法測定,所有這些方法均為分析化學技藝中之一般技術人士所周知的方法。
當藉由酶促水解將蛋白質中之肽鍵打斷時,每一破裂之肽鍵釋出一個胺基團,造成胺基氮增加。應注意的是,即使是非水解蛋白質亦將含有一些裸露之胺基。
水解蛋白質亦將具有與形成彼等之原始非水解蛋白質不同的分子量分佈。水解蛋白質之功能和營養性能可能受不同大小之肽影響。
如上文中所提及的,表現出對全部或完整蛋白質敏感的人們可受益於食用含有水解蛋白質之營養配方。這類敏感個人可能特別受益於食用低致敏性配方。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物實質上不含完整蛋白質。在此背景下,術語“實質上不含”意指此處之較佳實施態樣所包含之完整蛋白質的濃度足夠低,從而使該配方成為低敏性。根據本發明之營養組成物實質上不含完整蛋白質而因此為低敏性的程度係藉由美國兒科學院2000年8月之政策聲明測定,其中低敏性配方之定義為在適當的臨床研究中證明其不會在90%確診為牛奶過敏的嬰兒或兒童中引發反應之配方,此結果在前瞻式隨機、雙盲、安慰劑對照試驗中具95%信賴水準。
用於具有食物過敏及/或乳蛋白過敏之兒科個體(諸如嬰兒)之另一替代方案為含有胺基酸作為蛋白質等效源之不含蛋白質的營養組成物。胺基酸為蛋白質之基本建構單位。經由將蛋白質完全預消化來將蛋白質分解成其基本的化學結構使得以胺基酸為底質之配方成為可用之致敏性最低配方。
於一特定之實施態樣中,該營養組成物不含蛋白質且含有游離胺基酸作為主要之蛋白質等效源。於此實施態樣中,該胺基酸可包含,但不限於組胺酸、異白胺
酸、白胺酸、賴胺酸、蛋胺酸、半胱胺酸、苯丙胺酸、酪胺酸、蘇胺酸、色胺酸、纈胺酸、丙胺酸、精胺酸、天門冬醯胺、天門冬胺酸、麩胺酸、麩胺醯胺、甘胺酸、脯胺酸、絲胺酸、肉鹼、牛磺酸及彼等之混合物。於一些實施態樣中,該胺基酸可為支鏈胺基酸。於其他實施態樣中,可包含小胺基酸肽類作為該營養組成物之蛋白質組分。這類小胺基酸肽類可為天然產生或合成的。在該營養組成物中之游離胺基酸的量可在約1至約5克/100千卡之間變化。於一實施態樣中,100%之游離胺基酸的分子量小於500道耳吞。於此實施態樣中,該營養調和物可能為低致敏性。
於該營養組成物之一特定實施態樣中,該蛋白質來源之乳清對酪蛋白的比例類似於在人類母乳中所發現者。於一實施態樣中,該蛋白質來源包含約40%至約85%之乳清蛋白及約15%至約60%之酪蛋白。於一特定之實施態樣中,該營養組成物之蛋白質來源包含60:40(重量:重量)之水解乳清及酪蛋白摻合物。
於一些實施態樣中,每100千卡該營養組成物包含介於約1克與約7克之間的蛋白質來源。於其他實施態樣中,每100千卡該營養組成物包含介於約3.5克與約4.5克之間的蛋白質。
由於蛋白質之水解作用,在包含水解蛋白質之營養組成物中的大分子組成是有限的。再者,流體基質之黏度係與分子之間的內部摩擦有關,較大之分子造成較
高之黏度。因此,在相等之固體濃度下,該包含水解蛋白質之營養組成物的黏度低於含有完整蛋白質之類似配方的黏度。然而,投服具有低黏度之營養組成物可能導致GER。
改變包含水解蛋白質之組成物的流變性質的簡單方法將是納入具有較大水化體積之組分。然而,這會對透過瓶子(諸如用於餵哺嬰兒的瓶子)之奶嘴餵食個體黏性流體造成挑戰。
因此,本發明提供包含水解蛋白質之組成物及用於增加包含水解蛋白質之組成物的黏度之方法,該方法係利用澱粉及果膠之組合物以在酸性環境(諸如個體的胃)之存在下增加組成物之黏度。確切地說,本發明之營養組成物可經由在組成物一旦到達個體之胃時增加該營養組成物之黏度來治療、預防或減少GER或其症狀之發生或發生頻率。
再者,本發明之營養組成物包含至少一種澱粉、澱粉及/或澱粉組分之來源。澱粉為由兩種不同的聚合物餾分(直鏈澱粉及支鏈澱粉)組成之碳水化合物。直鏈澱粉為主要由α-1,4鏈接之葡萄糖單位所組成的直鏈型餾分。支鏈澱粉具有與直鏈澱粉相同的結構,但有些葡萄糖單位係以α-1,6鍵聯結合而產生支鏈結構。澱粉一般含有15-25%之直鏈澱粉及75-85%之支鏈澱粉。目前已研發出可產製不同尋常之直鏈澱粉對支鏈澱粉比的特定植物遺傳變種。有些植物產製實質上不含直鏈澱粉之澱粉。這些
突變體在胚乳及花粉中產生以碘染色時會變成紅色且含有近100%之支鏈澱粉的澱粉顆粒。為支鏈澱粉之主要來源的一些澱粉有,例如糯玉米、糯高粱、糯馬鈴薯、糯木薯及糯米澱粉。
澱粉在熱、剪切及酸性條件下的性能可藉由化學修飾來進行修改或改善。修改通常係藉由引入化學取代基團來達成。例如,可藉由與雙官能或多官能試劑(諸如磷醯氯)交聯來增加或穩定在高溫或高剪切下之黏度。
於一些情況中,本發明之營養組成物包含至少一種經膠化及/或預膠化之澱粉。如本文所使用之術語“膠化之澱粉”應解釋為包括任何及所有預膠化之澱粉。如本技藝所已知者,當聚合物分子在其一部分長度上交互作用以形成捕捉溶劑及/或溶質分子之網路時會發生膠化。再者,當果膠分子因為共溶質分子競爭水化而失去一些水化的水時會形成凝膠。影響膠化發生的因素包括pH值、共溶質之濃度、陽離子之濃度和類型、溫度及果膠濃度。值得注意的是,LM果膠僅在二價陽離子(諸如鈣離子)存在下膠凝。在LM果膠之中,那些具有最低酯化度之果膠具有最高之膠凝溫度且對用於交叉橋聯之二價陽離子的需求最大。
澱粉預膠化為預煮澱粉以產生在冷水中水化及膨脹之物質的過程。然後,將該預煮之澱粉乾燥,例如經由轉鼓式乾燥或噴霧乾燥。再者,本發明之澱粉可經化學改質以進一步擴展其成品性能之範圍。本發明之營養組
成物可包含至少一種預膠化之澱粉。
天然澱粉顆粒不溶於水,但是當在水中加熱時,當存有足夠克服澱粉分子之結合力的熱能時天然澱粉顆粒開始膨脹。藉由持續加熱,顆粒膨脹成其原始體積之數倍。這些膨脹的顆粒之間的摩擦為促成澱粉糊黏性的主要因素。
本發明之營養組成物可包含天然或經改質之澱粉,諸如,例如糯玉米澱粉、糯稻米澱粉、糯馬鈴薯澱粉、糯木薯澱粉、玉米澱粉、稻米澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、木薯澱粉、小麥澱粉或彼等之任何混合物。一般來說,尋常之玉米澱粉包含約25%之直鏈澱粉,而糯玉米澱粉幾乎全部由支鏈澱粉所組成。同時,馬鈴薯澱粉通常含有約20%之直鏈澱粉。於一些實施態樣中,糯馬鈴薯澱粉可包含約99%之支鏈澱粉。於某些實施態樣中,稻米澱粉包含約20:80之直鏈澱粉:支鏈澱粉比,且於一些實施態樣中,糯稻米澱粉僅包含約2%之直鏈澱粉。此外,於一些實施態樣中,木薯澱粉可包含約15%至約18%之直鏈澱粉,且於某些實施態樣中,小麥澱粉可具有約25%之直鏈澱粉含量。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含膠化及/或預膠化之糯玉米澱粉。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含膠化及/或預膠化之糯馬鈴薯澱粉。亦可以使用其他膠化及/或預膠化之澱粉,諸如預膠化之木薯澱粉。於某些實施態樣中,可將市售之澱粉,諸如來自美國
伊利諾州Westchester之Ingredion股份公司之預膠化的糯玉米澱粉及/或來自荷蘭Veendam之Avebe公司的糯馬鈴薯澱粉包含在該營養組成物中。
於某些實施態樣中,可將預膠化之澱粉乾式摻和在完成之營養產品中。於這些實施態樣中,該預膠化之澱粉保持一定的顆粒形狀。於其他實施態樣中,預膠化之澱粉係指在營養組成物之熱處理過程中添加之澱粉,其中該澱粉在熱處理期間膠化。這類膠化澱粉可維持某些其顆粒形狀。
此外,本發明之營養組成物包含至少一種果膠來源。確切地說,於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可為含有膠化澱粉及果膠之液體產品。果膠之來源可包含本技藝中已知之任何種類或等級的果膠。於一些實施態樣中,該果膠之酯化度小於50%且被歸類為低甲基化(“LM”)之果膠。於一些實施態樣中,該果膠之酯化度高於或等於50%且被歸類為高甲基化(“HM”)之果膠。再於其他實施態樣中,該果膠為非常低(“VL”)果膠,其酯化度小於約15%。進一步地,本發明之營養組成物可包含LM果膠、HM果膠、VL果膠或彼等之任何混合物。該營養組成物可包含溶於水之果膠。且如本技藝所已知者,果膠溶液之溶解度和黏度係與果膠製品之分子量、酯化度、濃度和pH,以及是否存有抗衡離子有關。於一些實施態樣中,根據本發明之營養組成物可包含約0.1%至約5%(重量/重量)之果膠。於某些實施態樣中,
若使用LM果膠,該營養組成物可包含約0.9%至約1.5%(重量/重量)之果膠。於一特定之實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含預膠化之糯玉米澱粉及約0.9%至約1.5%(重量/重量)之果膠。
再者,果膠具有形成凝膠之獨特能力。一般而言,在類似條件下,果膠之膠化度、膠化溫度及凝膠強度彼此成正比,且通常各與果膠之分子量成正比並與酯化度成反比。例如,當果膠溶液之pH值降低,該羧酸根基團之離子化被抑制,因此失去其電荷,使得其整個長度內之醣分子不會互相排斥。因此,該多醣分子之長度的一部分可相結合以形成凝膠。甲基化程度增加之果膠在稍高之pH值下將形成凝膠,因為其在任何指定之pH值下具有較少的羧酸根陰離子。(J.N.Bemiller,An Introduction to Pectins:Structure and Properties,Chemistry and Function of Pectins;第1章1986年)
該營養組成物可包含預膠化之澱粉及/或膠化之澱粉加上果膠及/或膠化之果膠。雖然不欲受此理論或任何其他理論的束縛,咸信使用果膠(諸如LM果膠,其為具有大分子量之水膠體)加上澱粉顆粒可提供增加液體基質內之分子內部摩擦的協同效果。果膠之羧酸基團亦可與存在於該營養組成物中之鈣離子交互作用,從而導致黏度增加,因為果膠之羧酸基團與存在於該營養組成物中之鈣離子,還有與肽形成弱凝膠結構。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含分別介於約12:1與20:1之間的澱粉
對果膠比。於其他實施態樣中,該澱粉對果膠之比例為約17:1。確切地說,於一些實施態樣中,可根據所使用之澱粉及果膠的數量和類型來調整澱粉對果膠之比例。於一些實施態樣中,每100千卡該營養組成物包含介於約0.05與約0.5克之間的果膠。於某些實施態樣中,每100千卡該營養組成物包含介於約0.1與約0.4克之間的果膠。再於一特定之實施態樣中,每100千卡之本發明營養組成物包含約0.2克之果膠。
此處所使用之果膠通常具有8,000道耳吞或更大之峰值分子量。本發明之果膠具有介於約8,000與約500,000道耳吞之間的較佳峰值分子量,更佳為介於約10,000與約200,000道耳吞之間,最佳為介於約15,000與約100,000道耳吞之間。於一些實施態樣中,本發明之果膠可為水解果膠。於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含所具分子量小於完整或未經改質之果膠的水解果膠。本發明之水解果膠可藉由本技藝中已知之用於降低分子量的任何方式來製備。該方式之實例為化學水解、酶催化性水解及機械剪切。降低分子量之較佳方式係在升高之溫度下藉由鹼性或中性水解進行。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含部分水解果膠。於某些實施態樣中,該部分水解果膠所具的分子量小於完整或未經改質之果膠,但超過3,300道耳吞。
該營養組成物可含有至少一種酸性多醣。酸性多醣,諸如帶負電荷之果膠,可在個體之胃腸道中的病
原體上引起抗黏附作用。確切地說,源自果膠之非人乳酸性寡糖能與上皮表面交互作用且已知能抑制病原體黏附在上皮表面。(Westerbeek,等,"The effect of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides on stool viscosity,stool frequency and stool pH in preterm infants",Acta Paediatrica 2011;100:1426-1431)。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含至少一種源自果膠之酸性寡糖。源自果膠之酸性寡糖(pAOS)係從酶催化性果膠水解產生,且pAOS之大小取決於酶的使用及反應的持續時間。於這類實施態樣中,該pAOS可有利地影響個體之大便黏度、大便頻率、大便pH值及/或餵養耐受性。本發明之營養組成物可每升配方包含約2克pAOS至每升配方包含約6克pAOS。於一實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含約0.2克pAOS/分公升(相當於人乳中之酸性寡醣的濃度)。(Fanaro,等,"Acidic Oligosaccharides from Pectin Hydrolysate as New Component for Infant Formulae:Effect on Intestinal Flora,Stool Characteristics,and pH",Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,41:186-190,August 2005)。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含至多約20%重量/重量之澱粉和果膠的混合物。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含至多約19%之澱粉及至多約1%之果膠。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含至多約
15%之澱粉及至多約5%之果膠。再於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含至多約18%之澱粉及至多約2%之果膠。於一特定之實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含約8%之澱粉及約0.5%之果膠。於一實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含約8%之預膠化的糯馬鈴薯澱粉及約0.5%之LM果膠。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含介於約1%與約19%之間的澱粉及介於約0.5%與約2%之間的果膠。
所揭露之營養組成物可以本技藝中已知之任何形式提供,例如粉劑、凝膠、懸浮液、糊劑、固體、液體、液體濃縮物、可重構成之奶粉替代品或即時使用之產品。於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可包含營養補充劑、兒童營養產品、嬰兒配方、人乳強化劑、成長奶或任何其他經過設計之用於嬰兒或兒科個體的營養組成物。本發明之營養組成物包括,例如經口攝入,促進健康之物質,包括,例如食品、飲料、片劑、膠囊和粉劑。再者,本發明之營養組成物可被標準化成特定之卡路里含量,其可以即時使用之產品形式提供或可以濃縮形式提供。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物為粉劑形式,其粒徑係在5微米至1500微米之範圍內,更佳為在10微米至300微米之範圍內。
若該營養組成物為即時使用產品之形式,該營養組成物之滲透重量莫耳濃度可介於約100與約1100毫滲透重量莫耳濃度/公斤水之間,更典型為約200至約700毫滲透重量莫耳濃度/公斤水。
用於本發明之營養組成物的合適脂肪或脂質來源可為任何本技藝中所已知或使用者,包括,但不限於動物來源,例如乳脂肪、奶油、奶油脂肪、蛋黃脂質;海洋來源,諸如魚油、海洋生物油、單細胞油;蔬菜和植物油,諸如玉米油、芥花油、葵花油、大豆油、棕櫚油、椰子油、高油酸葵花油、月見草油、菜籽油、橄欖油、亞麻仁(亞麻籽)油、棉籽油、高油酸紅花油、棕櫚油硬脂、棕櫚仁油、小麥胚芽油;中鏈三酸甘油脂油和脂肪酸之乳劑和酯類;以及彼等之任何組合。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含至少一種額外之碳水化合物來源,亦即,除了上述之澱粉組分外提供之碳水化合物組分。額外之碳水化合物源可為任何本技藝中所使用者,例如乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖、玉米糖漿固體、麥芽糊精、蔗糖、澱粉、稻米糖漿固體,等。在該營養組成物中之額外的碳水化合物組分之量通常可在約5克與約25克/100千卡之間變化。於一些實施態樣中,該碳水化合物之量介於約6克與約22克/100千卡之間。於其他實施態樣中,該碳水化合物之量介於約12克與約14克/100千卡之間。於一些實施態樣中,玉米糖漿固體為較佳者。再者,水解、部分水解及/或經廣泛水解之碳水化合物可能較利於被納入該營養組成物中,因為它們容易消化。具體而言,水解碳水化合物較不可能含有過敏性表面結合部位。
適合用於本發明之碳水化合物物質的非限制
性實例包括水解的或完整的、天然或經化學改質之來自玉米、木薯、稻米或馬鈴薯之糯和非糯形式澱粉。合適之碳水化合物的非限制性實例包括各種被描述為水解之玉米澱粉、麥芽糊精、麥芽糖、玉米糖漿、右旋糖、玉米糖漿固體、葡萄糖及各種其他葡萄糖聚合物的水解澱粉及彼等之組合。其他合適之碳水化合物的非限制性實例包括那些常稱為蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、高果糖玉米糖漿、不可消化之寡醣(諸如果寡醣)者及彼等之組合。
於一特定之實施態樣中,該營養組成物之額外的碳水化合物組分係由100%乳糖組成。於另一實施態樣中,該額外之碳水化合物組分包含介於約0%與60%之間的乳糖。於另一實施態樣中,該額外之碳水化合物組分包含介於約15%與55%之間的乳糖。再於另一實施態樣中,該額外之碳水化合物組分包含介於約20%與30%之間的乳糖。於這些實施態樣中,該碳水化合物之其餘來源可為本技藝中已知之任何碳水化合物。於一實施態樣中,該碳水化合物組分包含約25%之乳糖及約75%之玉米糖漿固體。
於一實施態樣中,該營養組成物可含有一或多種益生菌。術語“益生菌”意指能對宿主健康發揮有益影響的微生物。本實施態樣中可接受本技藝中已知之任何益生菌。於一特定之實施態樣中,該益生菌可選自以下群組中之任一項:乳酸桿菌種(Lactobacillus species)、鼠李糖乳桿菌GG(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG)(ATCC
編號53103)、雙岐桿菌種(Bifidobacterium species)、長雙岐桿菌BB 536(Bifidobacterium longum BB 536)(BL999,ATCC:BAA-999)、長雙岐桿菌AH1206(NCIMB:41382)、短雙岐桿菌AH1205(Bifidobacterium breve AH1205)(NCIMB:41387)、嬰兒雙岐桿菌35624(Bifidobacterium infantis 35624)(NCIMB:41003)及動物雙歧桿菌乳亞種BB-12(Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BB-12)(DSM編號10140)或彼等之任何組合。
若該營養組成物包含益生菌時,該益生菌之量可在每天每公斤體重約1×104至約1×1010菌落形成單位(cfu)之間變化。於另一實施態樣中,該益生菌之量可在每天每公斤體重約1×106至約1×1010cfu之間變化。再於另一實施態樣中,該益生菌之量可在每天約1×107至約1×109cfu之間變化。再於另一實施態樣中,該益生菌之量可為每天至少約1×106cfu。於某些實施態樣中,該益生菌之量可介於每100千卡約1×106cfu與約1×1010cfu之間。於一些實施態樣中,該益生菌之量可在每100千卡約1×106cfu至約1×109cfu之範圍內。
於一實施態樣中,該益生菌可為可存活的或無法存活的。如本文所使用之術語“可存活的”係指活的微生物。術語“無法存活的”或“無法存活的益生菌”係指無法存活之益生菌微生物、彼等之細胞組分及/或彼等之代謝物。這類無法存活的益生菌可能已經過熱滅殺或以
其他方式滅活,但其保留能有利地影響宿主健康的能力。可用於本發明中之益生菌可為天然產生的、合成的或透過有機體之遺傳工程操作研發的,無論這類新來源為現在已知的或稍後研發的。
於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物亦可含有一或多種益生質。益生質能發揮健康益處,這些健康益處可包括,但不限於選擇性刺激一種或有限數量之有益的腸道細菌生長及/或活性、刺激攝入之益生菌微生物生長及/或活性、選擇性地減少腸道病原體及有利地影響腸道短鏈脂肪酸之變化形廓。這類益生質可為天然產生的、合成的或透過有機體及/或植物之遺傳工程操作研發,無論這類新來源為現在已知的或稍後研發的。可用於本發明中之益生質可包括寡醣、多醣及其他含有果糖、木糖、大豆、半乳糖、葡萄糖及甘露糖之益生質。
更具體地說,用於本發明中之益生質可包括聚右旋糖、聚右旋糖粉、乳果糖、乳果寡醣、棉籽糖、葡萄寡醣、菊糖、果寡醣、異麥芽寡醣、大豆寡醣、乳果寡醣、木寡醣、殼寡醣、甘露寡醣、阿拉伯寡醣、涎酸寡醣、岩藻寡醣、半乳寡醣及龍膽寡醣。
於一實施態樣中,存在於該營養組成物中之益生質的總量可為約1.0克/升至約10.0克/升組成物。更佳地,存在於該營養組成物中之益生質的總量可為約2.0克/升至約8.0克/升組成物。於一實施態樣中,該營養組成物可包含含有聚右旋糖(“PDX”)及/或半乳寡醣
(“GOS”)之益生質組分。
於一些實施態樣中,包含在該營養組成物中之聚右旋糖可為足以提供介於約1.0克/升與10.0克/升之間的量。於另一實施態樣中,該營養組成物含有介於約2.0克/升與8.0克/升之間的PDX量。
於一實施態樣中,在該營養組成物中之半乳寡醣的量可為約0.1毫克/100千卡至約1.0毫克/100千卡。於另一實施態樣中,該營養組成物中之半乳寡醣的量可為約0.1毫克/100千卡至約0.5毫克/100千卡。於一實施態樣中,該營養組成物中之聚右旋糖的量可在約0.1毫克/100千卡至約0.5毫克/100千卡之範圍內。於另一實施態樣中,該聚右旋糖的量可為約0.3毫克/100千卡。於一特定之實施態樣中,補充在營養組成物中之半乳寡醣及聚右旋糖的總量為至少約0.2毫克/100千卡且可為約0.2毫克/100千卡至約1.5毫克/100千卡。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可包含總量約0.6至約0.8毫克/100千卡之半乳寡醣及聚右旋糖。
於本發明之一特定之實施態樣中,PDX係與GOS組合投服。於此實施態樣中,PDX及GOS可以PDX:GOS之比率介於約9:1至1:9之間投服。於另一實施態樣中,該PDX:GOS之比率可介於約5:1至1:5之間。再於另一實施態樣中,該PDX:GOS之比率可介於約1:3至3:1之間。於一特定之實施態樣中,該PDX:GOS之比率可為約5:5。於另一特定之實施態樣
中,該PDX:GOS之比率可為約8:2。
在營養組成物中之PDX:GOS組合物之量可介於約1.0克/升至10.0克/升之間。於另一實施態樣中,該PDX:GOS組合物之量可介於約2.0克/升至8.0克/升之間。於一特定之實施態樣中,該PDX:GOS組合物之量可為約2克/升之PDX及2克/升之GOS。至少20%之益生質可包含半乳寡糖(“GOS”)、聚右旋糖或彼等之混合物。於一實施態樣中,在該營養組成物中之各GOS及/或聚右旋糖的量可在約1.0克/升至約4.0克/升之範圍內。
本發明之營養組成物可含有包含二十二碳六烯酸之長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸(LCPUFA)來源。其他合適之LCPUFA包括,但不限於α-亞麻仁油酸、γ-亞麻仁油酸、亞麻仁油酸、亞麻酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)及花生四烯酸(ARA)。
於一實施態樣中,特別是若該營養組成物為嬰兒配方時,該營養組成物被輔以DHA及ARA二者。於本實施態樣中,該ARA:DHA之重量比可介於約1:3至約9:1之間。於一特定之實施態樣中,該ARA:DHA之比例為約1:2至約4:1。
在該營養組成物中之長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸之量較有利為至少約5毫克/100千卡,且可在約5毫克/100千卡變化至約100毫克/100千卡之間變化,更佳為約10毫克/100千卡至約50毫克/100千卡。
該營養組成物可使用本技藝中已知的標準技術被輔以含有DHA及/或ARA之油。例如,DHA及ARA可經由取代等量之通常存在於該組成物中之油(諸如高油酸葵花油)被加入該組成物中。另一實例為,該含有DHA及ARA之油可經由取代等量之通常存在於不含DHA及ARA之組成物中的整體脂肪摻和物的其餘部分而被加入該組成物中。
若使用DHA及/或ARA,DHA及/或ARA之來源可為本技藝中已知之任何來源,諸如海洋生物油、魚油、單細胞油、蛋黃脂質及腦脂質。於一些實施態樣中,該DHA及ARA係源自單一細胞Martek油、DHASCO®及ARASCO®或彼等之變體。該DHA和ARA可為天然形態,其先決條件為該LCPUFA來源之其餘部分不會對嬰兒造成任何重大的不利影響。或者,該DHA及ARA可以精製之形式使用。
於一實施態樣中,該DHA和ARA之來源為如美國專利案第5,374,567;5,550,156;及5,397,591號(其揭示內容全文以引用方式併入本文)中所教示之單細胞油。然而,本發明並不僅限於這類油。
此外,該營養組成物之一些實施態樣可模擬人類母乳之某些特徵。然而,為了滿足一些個體的特定營養需求,該營養組成物可包含較人乳所含有者更多量之某些營養組分。例如,該營養組成物可包含較人類母乳所含有者更多量之DHA。因此,該營養組成物所增加之DHA
含量可以彌補現存之營養品DHA不足。
如所指出者,所揭露之營養組成物可包含β-葡聚醣來源。葡聚醣為多醣類,具體地說為葡萄糖之聚合物,其為天然產生且可在細菌、酵母菌、真菌及植物之細胞壁中找到。乙型葡聚醣(β-葡聚醣)本身為葡萄糖聚合物的不同子集,其係由經由β型糖苷鍵鏈接在一起以形成複合碳水化合物的葡萄糖單體鏈所組成。
β-1,3-葡聚醣為從,例如酵母菌、蘑菇、細菌、藻類或穀物純化之碳水化合物聚合物。(Stone BA,Clarke AE.Chemistry and Biology of(1-3)-Beta-Glucans.London:Portland Press Ltd;1993。)β-1,3-葡聚醣之化學結構係取決於該β-1,3-葡聚醣之來源。再者,各種理化參數(諸如溶解度、一級結構、分子量及分支)在β-1,3-葡聚醣之生物活性中具有作用(Yadomae T.,Structure and biological activities of fungal beta-1,3-glucans.Yakugaku Zasshi.2000;120:413-431)。
β-1,3-葡聚醣為帶有或不帶有β-1,6-葡萄糖側鏈之天然多醣,其可在各種植物、酵母菌、真菌及細菌之細胞壁中發現。β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣為那些包含帶有(1,3)鏈接之葡萄糖單位者,其具有連接在位置(1,6)處之側鏈。β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣為一群分享結構共性(包括藉由β-1,3鍵鏈接之直鏈葡萄糖單位骨架,其帶有從此骨架延伸之經β-1,6鏈接之葡萄糖分支)的異質性葡萄糖聚合物。雖然這是目前描述之β-葡聚醣類別的基本結
構,其中可能存有一些變化。例如,某些酵母菌β-葡聚醣具有從β(1,6)分支延伸之其他β(1,3)分支區,這進一步增加其各別結構之複雜性。
源自麵包酵母(釀酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae))之β-葡聚醣係由連接在位置1和3之D-葡萄糖分子的鏈所組成,其具有連接在位置1和6處之葡萄糖側鏈。源自酵母菌之β-葡聚醣為具有葡萄糖單位之一般直鏈結構的不溶性、纖維狀複糖,其具有β-1,3骨架,其間穿插一般長度為6-8個葡萄糖單位之β-1,6側鏈。更具體地說,源自麵包酵母之β-葡聚醣為聚(1,6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1,3)-6-D-吡喃葡萄糖。
此外,β-葡聚醣之耐受性良好且不會在兒科個體內產生或引起過量氣體、腹脹(abdominal distension)、脹氣(bloating)或腹瀉。在用於兒科個體之營養組成物(諸如嬰兒配方、成長奶或其他兒童營養產品)中添加β-葡聚醣將可經由增加對抗入侵病原體的抗性來改善個體之免疫反應,從而維持或改善整體健康。
本發明之營養組成物包含β-葡聚醣。於一些實施態樣中,該β-葡聚醣為β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣。於一些實施態樣中,該β-1,3;1,6-葡聚醣係源自麵包酵母。該營養組成物可包含全葡聚醣顆粒β-葡聚醣、細粒β-葡聚醣、微粒β-葡聚醣、PGG-葡聚醣(聚-1,6-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-1,3-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖)或彼等之任何混合物。於一些實施態樣中,微粒β-葡聚醣包含直徑小於2微米之β-
葡聚醣微粒。
於一些實施態樣中,存在於該組成物中之β-葡聚醣的量為每100克組成物介於約0.010與約0.080克之間。於其他實施態樣中,每份用量之該營養組成物包含介於約10與約30毫克之間的β-葡聚醣。於另一實施態樣中,每8液盎司(236.6毫升)用量之營養組成物包含介於約5與約30毫克之間的β-葡聚醣。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物所包含之β-葡聚醣量足以每天提供介於約15毫克與約90毫克之間的β-葡聚醣。該營養組成物可在數個劑量內投遞以達成在一整天內將目標量之β-葡聚醣投遞予該個體。
於一些實施態樣中,該組成物中之β-葡聚醣的量介於每100千卡約3毫克與約17毫克之間。於另一實施態樣中,該β-葡聚醣之量介於每100千卡約6毫克與約17毫克之間。
亦可在該營養組成物中添加一或多種足量之維生素及/或礦物質以供應個體之每日營養需求。本技藝之一般技術人士應理解維生素及礦物質需求將根據,例如兒童的年齡而有所不同。例如嬰兒之維生素和礦物質需求可能和介於1與13歲之間的兒童不同。因此,本實施態樣並不欲將該營養組成物限制在特定之年齡組,而是提供可接受之維生素和礦物質組分的範圍。
該營養組成物可選擇性地包括,但不限於一或多種下列維生素或彼等之衍生物:維生素B1(硫胺
素、焦磷酸硫胺素、TPP、三磷酸硫胺素、TTP、鹽酸硫胺素、單硝酸硫胺素)、維生素B2(核黃素(riboflavin)、黃素單核苷酸、FMN、黃素腺嘌呤二核苷酸、FAD、核黃素(lactoflavin)、卵黃素(ovoflavin))、維生素B3(菸鹼酸(niacin)、菸鹼酸(nicotinic acid)、菸醯胺(nicotinamide)、菸鹼醯胺(niacinamide)、菸醯胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸、NAD、菸鹼酸單核苷酸、NicMN、吡啶-3-羧酸)、維生素B3先質色胺酸、維生素B6(吡哆醇、吡哆醛、吡哆胺、鹽酸吡哆醇)、泛酸(泛酸鹽、泛醇)、葉酸鹽(葉酸、葉酸(folacin)、蝶醯麩胺酸(pteroylglutamic acid))、維生素B12(鈷胺素、甲鈷胺素、脫氧腺苷鈷胺素、氰鈷胺素、羥鈷胺素、腺苷鈷胺素)、生物素、維生素C(抗壞血酸)、維生素A(視黃醇、醋酸視黃酯、棕櫚酸視黃酯、具其他長鏈脂肪酸之視黃酯、視黃醛、視黃酸、視黃醇酯)、維生素D(骨化醇、膽骨化醇、維生素D3、1,25-二羥基維生素D)、維生素E(α-生育酚、醋酸α-生育酚、琥珀酸α-生育酚、菸鹼酸α-生育酚、α-生育酚)、維生素K(維生素K1、葉綠醌、萘醌、維生素K2、甲萘醌(menaquinone)-7、維生素K3、甲萘醌-4、甲萘醌(menadione)、甲萘醌-8、甲萘醌-8H、甲萘醌-9、甲萘醌-9H、甲萘醌-10、甲萘醌-11、甲萘醌-12、甲萘醌-13)、膽鹼、肌醇、β-胡蘿蔔素及彼等之任何組合。
進一步而言,該營養組成物可選擇性地包
括,但不限於一或多種下列礦物質或彼等之衍生物:硼、鈣、醋酸鈣、葡萄糖酸鈣、氯化鈣、乳酸鈣、磷酸鈣、硫酸鈣、氯化物、鉻、氯化鉻、吡啶甲酸鉻、銅、硫酸銅(copper sulfate)、葡萄糖酸銅、硫酸銅(cupric sulfate)、氟化物、鐵、羰基鐵、三價鐵、富馬酸亞鐵、正磷酸鐵、研磨鐵、多醣鐵、碘化物、碘、鎂、碳酸鎂、氫氧化鎂、氧化鎂、硬脂酸鎂、硫酸鎂、錳、鉬、磷、鉀、磷酸鉀、碘化鉀、氯化鉀、醋酸鉀、硒、硫、鈉、多庫酯鈉、氯化鈉、硒酸鈉、鉬酸鈉、鋅、氧化鋅、硫酸鋅及彼等之混合物。礦物質化合物之非限制性示例衍生物包括任何礦物質化合物之鹽、鹼鹽、酯及螯合物。
該礦物質可以鹽之形式,諸如磷酸鈣、甘油磷酸鈣、檸檬酸鈉、氯化鉀、磷酸鉀、磷酸鎂、硫酸亞鐵、硫酸鋅、硫酸銅、硫酸錳及亞硒酸鈉被添加在營養組成物中。其他維生素及礦物質可依本技藝中所知者添加。
於一實施態樣中,該營養組成物可含有約10至約50%之任何指定國家對每份維生素A、C和E、鋅、鐵、碘、硒及膽鹼的最大膳食建議量或約10至約50%之國家群組對每份維生素A、C、E、鋅、鐵、碘、硒及膽鹼的平均膳食建議量。於另一實施態樣中,該兒童營養組成物可供應約10至30%之任何指定國家對每份維生素B的最大膳食建議量或約10至30%之國家群組對每份維生素B的平均膳食建議量。再於另一實施態樣中,該兒童營養產品中之維生素D、鈣、鎂、磷及鉀的含量可能相當於乳
汁中所發現之平均含量。於其他實施態樣中,該兒童營養組成物中之其他營養素的存在量可為約20%之任何指定國家對每份用量的最大膳食建議量或約20%之國家群組對每份用量之平均膳食建議量。
本發明之營養組成物可選擇性地包括一或多種以下調味劑,包括,但不限於調味之萃取物、揮發油、可可粉或巧克力調味劑、花生醬調味劑、餅乾碎片、香草或任何市售之調味劑。有用之調味劑的實例包括,但不限於純茴香萃取物、仿香蕉萃取物、仿櫻桃萃取物、巧克力萃取物、純檸檬萃取物、純柳橙萃取物、純薄荷萃取物、蜂蜜、仿鳳梨萃取物、仿蘭姆酒萃取物、仿草莓萃取物或香草精;或揮發油,諸如香蜂花油(balm oil)、月桂油、佛手柑油、柏木油(cedarwood oil)、櫻花油、肉桂油、丁香油或薄荷油;花生醬、巧克力調味劑、香草餅乾碎片、奶油糖果、太妃糖及彼等之混合物。調味劑的量根據所使用之調味劑可有很大的變化。調味劑之類型和量可依本技藝所已知者選擇。
本發明之營養組成物可選擇性地包括一或多種添加以用來穩定該最終產品之乳化劑。合適之乳化劑的實例包括,但不限於卵磷脂(例如來自卵或大豆)、α-乳白蛋白及/或單-及二甘油酯及彼等之混合物。熟習本技藝之人士可輕易明白其他乳化劑,而合適之乳化劑之選擇將部分取決於該調和物及最終產品。於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物可包含乳化劑,諸如單及/或二酸甘
油脂之檸檬酸酯、單及/或二酸甘油脂之二乙醯酒石酸酯及/或辛烯基琥珀酸酐改質之澱粉。
本發明之營養組成物可選擇性地包括一或多種亦可添加在產品中以延長產品之貨架期的防腐劑。合適之防腐劑包括,但不限於山梨酸鉀、山梨酸鈉、苯甲酸鉀、苯甲酸鈉、乙二胺四醋酸二鈉鈣及彼等之混合物。
本發明之營養組成物可選擇性地包括一或多種穩定劑。用於實行本發明之營養組成物的合適穩定劑包括,但不限於阿拉伯膠、印度膠(gum ghatti)、刺梧桐膠(gum karaya)、黃蓍膠、瓊脂、紅藻膠(furcellaran)、果阿膠(guar gum)、結冷膠、刺槐豆膠、果膠、低甲氧基果膠、明膠、微晶型纖維素、CMC(羧甲基纖維素鈉)、甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、DATEM(單-及二甘油酯之二乙醯基酒石酸酯)、右旋糖苷、角叉菜膠及彼等之混合物。
於一些實施態樣中,本文所描述之營養組成物亦包含非人乳鐵蛋白、藉由遺傳工程修改之生物體製造之非人乳鐵蛋白及/或藉由遺傳工程修改之生物體製造之人乳鐵蛋白。乳鐵蛋白通常被描述為80千道耳吞之糖蛋白,其具有兩個幾乎相同之小葉結構,該兩者均包含鐵結合部位。正如在刊物BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY,第275-281頁(2006)中出現之“Perspectives on Interactions Between Lactoferrin and Bacteria”中所描述者,來自不同宿主物種之乳鐵蛋白的
胺基酸序列可能有不同變化,雖然其共通擁有相當高之等電點,在該內葉之終端區具有帶正電荷之胺基酸。乳鐵蛋白已被確認為具有殺菌及抗菌活性。於至少一實施態樣中,該乳鐵蛋白為牛乳鐵蛋白。
令人驚訝地,此處所包括之乳鐵蛋白形式即使暴露於預料將破壞或嚴重限制人乳鐵蛋白或重組人乳鐵蛋白之穩定性或活性的低pH值(即,低於約7,甚至是低於約4.6或更低)及/或高溫(即,高於約65℃,且高達約120℃)之條件下仍可保持相關之活性。在某些用於本文所描述之營養組成物類型的處理方案(諸如巴氏滅菌法)中可預期到這些低pH值及/或高溫條件。
於一實施態樣中,存在於該營養組成物中之乳鐵蛋白的量為約5毫克/100千卡至約16毫克/100千卡。於另一實施態樣中,乳鐵蛋白之存在量為約9毫克/100千卡至約14毫克/100千卡。再於進一步之實施態樣中,每100千卡該營養組成物可包含介於約75毫克與約200毫克之間的乳鐵蛋白。於某些實施態樣中,每100千卡該營養組成物可包含介於約90毫克與約148毫克之間的乳鐵蛋白。
本發明之營養組成物可提供最低限度、部分或全部之營養支持。該組成物可為營養補充劑或代餐。該組成物可為,但不必須是,營養完整的。於一實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物為營養完整的且含有合適類型和量之脂質、碳水化合物、蛋白質、維生素及礦物質。脂質
或脂肪之量通常可在約1至約7克/100千卡之間變化。蛋白質之量通常可在約1至約7克/100千卡之間變化。碳水化合物之量通常可在約6至約22克/100千卡之間變化。
本發明之營養組成物可進一步包含至少一種額外之植物營養素,亦即,除了上文描述之果膠及/或澱粉組分以外之另一種植物營養素組分。在人乳中鑑定出之植物營養素或其衍生物(共軛形式或先質)較宜被納入該營養組成物中。通常,類胡蘿蔔素及多酚類之膳食來源係由哺乳的母親吸收,再被保留在乳品中,使其可被哺乳嬰兒利用。將這些植物營養素加入嬰兒或兒童配方中可使這類配方反映人乳之組成及功能性,並促進整體健康及福祉。
例如,於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物在每份8液盎司(236.6毫升)用量中可包含介於約80與約300毫克之間的花青素、介於約100與約600毫克之間的原花青素、介於約50與約500毫克之間的黃烷-3-醇類或彼等之任何組合或混合物。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含蘋果萃取物、葡萄籽萃取物或彼等之組合或混合物。此外,該營養組成物中之至少一種植物營養素可為源自任何單一水果、葡萄籽及/或蘋果或茶葉萃取物或彼等之摻合物。
在本發明之目的方面,可將額外之植物營養素以天然、純化、包封及/或經化學或酶修飾之形式添加在營養組成物中以投遞所需之感官及穩定性能。在包封之
情況中,理想的情況是該包封之植物營養素可抵抗被水溶解,但當到達小腸時被釋出。此可經由應用腸衣(諸如交聯藻酸鹽,等)來達成。
適合用於營養組成物之額外的植物營養素實例包括,但不限於花青素(anthocyanin)、原花青素(proanthocyanidin)、黃烷-3-醇(即兒茶素、表兒茶素,等)、黃烷酮、類黃酮、異類黃酮、茋類(即,白藜蘆醇(resveratrol),等)、原花青素、花青素、白藜蘆醇、槲皮素(quercetin)、薑黃素及/或彼等之任何混合物,以及純化或天然形式之植物營養素的任何可能組合。該營養組成物之某些組分,尤其是以植物為底質之組分可提供植物營養素來源。
常用於製造用於兒科個體之營養組成物的已知成分(諸如天然油)中可能固有存在一些量之植物營養素。這些固有的植物營養素可能,但不一定被視為本發明中所描述之植物營養素組分的一部分。於一些實施態樣中,如本文所描述之植物營養素的濃度及比例係根據添加及固有之植物營養素來源計算。於其他實施態樣中,如本文所描述之植物營養素的濃度及比例僅根據添加之植物營養素來源計算。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含花青素,諸如,例如花色素苷(aurantinidin)、花青素、飛燕草素(delphinidin)、europinidin、木犀草啶(luteolinidin)、天竺葵(pelargonidin)、二甲花翠素
(malvidin)、甲基花青素(peonidin)、矮牽牛(petunidin)及玫瑰色素(rosinidin)之葡糖苷。適合用於該營養組成物中之這些及其他花青素可在多種植物來源中找到。花青素可源自單一植物來源或植物來源的組合。適合用於本發明組成物之富含花青素的植物之非限制性實例包括:漿果(巴西莓、葡萄、山桑子、藍莓、越橘(lingonberry)、黑加侖、花楸果(chokeberry)、黑莓、覆盆子、櫻桃、紅醋栗、蔓越莓、岩高蘭(crowberry)、雲莓、越橘(whortleberry)、花楸漿果(rowanberry))、紫玉米、紫薯、紫胡蘿蔔、紫甘薯紅、紅捲心菜、茄子。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物包含原花青素,其包括,但不限於黃烷-3-醇類及聚合度在2至11之範圍內的黃烷-3-醇之聚合物(例如兒茶素、表兒茶素)。這類化合物可源自單一植物來源或植物來源之組合。適合用於本發明之營養組成物的富含原花青素之植物來源的非限制性實例包括:葡萄、葡萄皮、葡萄籽、綠茶、紅茶、蘋果、松樹樹皮、肉桂、可可、山桑子、蔓越莓、黑色花楸果。
適合用於本發明之營養組成物的黃烷-3-醇類之非限制性實例包括兒茶素、表兒茶素、沒食子兒茶素、表沒食子兒茶素、表兒茶素沒食子酸酯、表兒茶素-3-沒食子酸酯、表沒食子兒茶素及沒食子酸酯。富含合適之黃烷-3-醇的植物包括,但不限於茶、紅葡萄、可可、綠
茶、杏及蘋果。
某些多酚化合物,尤其是黃烷-3-醇,可經由增加腦部血流(其與增加和持續之腦能量/營養遞送,以及形成新的神經元有關)來改善人個體之學習和記憶。多酚亦可提供神經保護作用,且可以同時增加大腦突觸生成及抗氧化能力,從而支持年幼兒童之最佳大腦發育。
用於營養組成物之黃烷-3-醇的較佳來源包括至少一種蘋果萃取物、至少一種葡萄籽萃取物或彼等之混合物。在蘋果萃取物方面,黃烷-3-醇被分解成存在量為4%至20%之單體及80%至96%之聚合物。在葡萄籽萃取物方面,黃烷-3-醇被分解成單體(全部黃烷-3-醇及全部多酚含量之約46%)和聚合物(全部黃烷-3-醇及全部多酚含量之約54%)。聚合性黃烷-3-醇之較佳聚合度係在約2至11之範圍內。此外,蘋果及葡萄籽萃取物可能含有兒茶素、表兒茶素、表沒食子兒茶素、表兒茶素沒食子酸酯、表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯、聚合性原花青素、茋類(即,白藜蘆醇)、黃酮醇類(即,槲皮素、楊梅黃酮)或彼等之任何混合物。富含黃烷-3-醇之植物來源包括,但不限於蘋果、葡萄籽、葡萄、葡萄皮、茶(綠茶或紅茶)、松樹皮、肉桂、可可、覆盆子、蔓越莓、黑醋栗、花楸果。
若該營養組成物係被投予兒科個體,則該黃烷-3-醇(包括單體黃烷-3-醇、聚合性黃烷-3-醇或彼等之組合)之每日投服量可介於約0.01毫克至約450毫克之
間。於一些情況中,該投予嬰兒或兒童之黃烷-3-醇的量可在每天約0.01毫克至約170毫克、每天約50至約450毫克或每天約100毫克至約300毫克之範圍內。
於本發明之一實施態樣中,存在於該營養組成物中之黃烷-3-醇的量係在約0.4至約3.8毫克/克營養組成物之範圍內(約9至約90毫克/100千卡)。於另一實施態樣中,黃烷-3-醇之存在量係在約0.8至約2.5毫克/克營養組成物之範圍內(約20至約60毫克/100千卡)。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物包含黃烷酮。合適之黃烷酮的非限制性實例包括含芸香苷(butin)、聖草酚(eriodictyol)、橙皮素(hesperetin)、橙皮苷(hesperidin)、聖草素(homeriodictyol)、異野櫻素(isosakuranetin)、柚皮素(naringenin)、柚皮苷(naringin)、喬松素(pinocembrin)、枸橘苷(poncirin)、櫻花素(sakuranetin)、櫻花苷(sakuranin)、steurbin。富含黃烷酮之植物來源,包括,但不限於橙、橘子、葡萄柚、檸檬、萊姆。該營養組成物可被配製成每日投遞介於約0.01與約150毫克之間的黃烷酮。
再者,該營養組成物亦可包含黃酮醇。可使用來自植物或藻類萃取物之黃酮醇。包含在該營養組成物中之黃酮醇(諸如異鼠李素(ishrhametin)、山奈酚(kaempferol)、楊梅素(myricetin)、槲皮素(quercetin))的量足以每天投遞介於約0.01與約150
毫克之間的黃酮醇予個體。
該營養組成物之植物營養素組分亦可包含那些已在人乳中鑑定出的植物營養素,包括,但不限於柚皮素、橙皮素、花青素、槲皮素、山奈酚、表兒茶素、表沒食子兒茶素、表兒茶素沒食子酸酯、表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯或彼等之任何組合。於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含介於約50與約2000毫微莫耳/升之間的表兒茶素、介於約40與約2000毫微莫耳/升之間的表兒茶素沒食子酸酯、介於約100與約4000毫微莫耳/升之間的表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯、介於約50與約2000毫微莫耳/升之間的柚皮素、介於約5與約500毫微莫耳/升之間的山奈酚、介於約40至約4000毫微莫耳/升之間的橙皮素、介於約25與約2000毫微莫耳/升之間的花青素、介於約25與約500毫微莫耳/升之間的槲皮素或彼等之混合物。此外,該營養組成物可包含植物營養素或其母化合物之代謝產物或者其可包含其他類別之膳食植物營養素,諸如硫代葡萄糖苷(glucosinolate)或蘿蔔硫素(sulforaphane)。
於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物包含類胡蘿蔔素,諸如葉黃素、玉米黃素、蝦青素、番茄紅素、β-胡蘿蔔素、α-胡蘿蔔素、γ-胡蘿蔔素及/或β-隱黃素。富含類胡蘿蔔素之植物來源包括,但不限於奇異果、葡萄、柑橘、番茄、西瓜、木瓜及其他紅色水果或深綠色蔬菜,諸如甘藍、菠菜、青蘿蔔、羽衣甘藍、蘿蔓生菜、西
蘭花、西葫蘆、豌豆及抱子甘藍、菠菜、胡蘿蔔。
人類無法合成類胡蘿蔔素,但人類母乳中已鑑定出超過34種類胡蘿蔔素,包括某些類胡蘿蔔素之異構體及代謝產物。這些類胡蘿蔔素除了存在於母乳中外,膳食類胡蘿蔔素,諸如α-及β-胡蘿蔔素、番茄紅素、葉黃素、玉米黃素、蝦青素及隱黃素存在於哺乳婦女及餵食母乳之嬰兒的血清中。一般而言,類胡蘿蔔素被報導成可改善細胞與細胞之間的聯繫、促進免疫功能、支持健康之呼吸道健康、保護皮膚不受紫外線光傷害,並與降低某些類型之癌症的風險及各種原因之死亡率有關。此外,膳食來源之類胡蘿蔔素及/或多酚被人個體吸收,累積並保留在母乳中,使哺乳嬰兒可以利用彼等。因此,在嬰兒配方或兒童產品中添加植物營養素將使該配方之組成及功能更接近人乳。
整體而言,亦可將類黃酮包含在該營養組成物中,因為人體無法合成類黃酮。再者,來自植物或藻類萃取物之類黃酮可以單體、二聚體及/或聚合物形式使用。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物所包含之單體形式之類黃酮的量類似於哺乳期前三個月之人乳中的含量。雖然人乳樣本中已鑑定出類黃酮苷元(flavonoid aglycone)(單體),營養組成物中亦可使用共軛形式之類黃酮及/或其代謝物。類黃酮可以下列幾種形式添加在組成物中:游離、葡萄糖苷酸、甲基葡萄糖苷酸、硫酸鹽及硫酸甲酯。
該營養組成物亦可包含異類黃酮及/或異黃酮。實例包括,但不限於染料木素(genistein)(染料木苷(genistin))、黃豆苷原(daidzein)(大豆苷(daidzin))、黃豆黃素(glycitein)、鷹嘴豆芽素A(biochanin A)、芒柄花素(formononetin)、香豆雌酚(coumestrol)、德鳶尾苷元(irilone)、二羥四氫黃酮(orobol)、假靛黄素(pseudobaptigenin)、金鏈花異黃酮(anagyroidisoflavone)A及B、毛蕊異黃酮(calycosin)、大豆黃素(glycitein)、野鳶尾苷元(irigenin)、5-O-甲基染料木素、紅車軸草素(pratensein)、櫻黄素(prunetin)、psi-鳶尾黃素(psi-tectorigenin)、瑞士黃酮(retusin)、鳶尾黃素(tectorigenin)、野鳶尾苷(iridin)、芒柄花苷(ononin)、葛根素(puerarin)、鳶尾苷(tectoridin)、derrubone、羽扇豆異黄酮(luteone)、wighteone、吡喃型異黄酮(alpinumisoflavone)、吡喃異黄酮(barbigerone)、二-O-甲基吡喃型異黄酮及4'-甲基-吡喃型異黄酮。富含異黃酮之植物來源,包括,但不限於大豆、補骨脂、葛根、羽扇豆、蠶豆、鷹嘴豆、苜蓿、豆莢及花生。該營養組成物可被配製成每天投遞介於約0.01與約150毫克之間的異黃酮及/或類異黃酮。
於一實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物包含有效量之膽鹼。膽鹼為細胞維持正常功能之必要營養素。其為膜磷脂之先質並可加速合成及釋出乙醯膽鹼(一種涉
及記憶儲存的神經遞質)。再著,雖不欲受此理論或任何其他理論束縛,咸信,膳食膽鹼與二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)協同作用以促進生物合成磷脂醯膽鹼,從而協助促進人個體中之突觸生成。此外,膽鹼和DHA可表現出促進樹突棘形成之協同作用,這對維持已建立之突觸連接非常重要。於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物包含有效量之膽鹼,該有效量為每8液盎司(236.6毫升)用量約20毫克膽鹼至每8液盎司(236.6毫升)用量約100毫克。
再者,於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物為營養完整的,其含有作為個體唯一之營養來源的合適類型及量之脂質、碳水化合物、蛋白質、維生素及礦物質。確切地說,該營養組成物可選擇性地包含任意數量之蛋白質、肽、胺基酸、脂肪酸、益生菌及/或彼等之代謝副產物、益生質、碳水化合物及可提供個體許多營養和生理助益之任何其他營養素或其他化合物。進一步說,本發明之營養組成物可包含香料、香料增强劑、甜味劑、色素、維生素、礦物質、治療成分、功能性食品成分、食品成分、加工成分或彼等之組合。
本發明進一步提供用於提供個體營養支持的方法。該方法包含對該個體投予有效量之本發明的營養組成物。
該營養組成物可直接被排入個體之小腸道中。於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物係直接被排入腸道
中。於一些實施態樣中,該組成物可被配製成在醫生之監督下服用或經由腸道投予並可用於疾病或病況(諸如乳糜瀉及/或食物過敏)之特殊膳食管理(該疾病或病況之獨特營養需求係基於公認之科學原則藉由醫療評估建立)。
本發明之營養組成物並不限於包含本文中具體表列之營養素的組成物。任何營養素均可以該組成物之一部分的形式投遞以滿足個體之營養需求及/或優化個體之營養狀態。
於一些實施態樣中,該營養組成物可從嬰兒出生開始即投遞予嬰兒,直至符合足月妊娠之時間。於一些實施態樣中,可將該營養組成物投遞予嬰兒,直到至少約三個月矯正年齡。於另一實施態樣中,可將該營養組成物投遞予個體,只要有必要矯正營養缺乏。再於另一實施態樣中,可將該營養組成物從嬰兒出生開始即投遞予嬰兒,直到至少約六個月矯正年齡。再於另一實施態樣中,可將該營養組成物從嬰兒出生開始即投遞予嬰兒,直到至少約一歲矯正年齡。
本發明之營養組成物可被標準化成特定之卡路里含量,其可以即時使用之產品形式提供或者其可以濃縮之形式提供。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明之營養組成物為成長奶。成長奶為欲用於1歲以上(通常為1-3歲、4-6歲或1-6歲)之兒童的經強化之以乳為底質的飲品。其不為醫療食品,且不欲作為代餐或補充劑來解決特殊之營養
缺乏。相反地,成長奶之設計係欲作為多樣化飲食的補充劑以提供兒童達到持續性每日攝入所有必需維生素和礦物質、大量營養素加上額外之功能性膳食組分(諸如那些具有聲稱之促進健康性能的非必須營養素)的額外保障。
根據本發明之營養組成物的確切組成可在各市場之間,根據當地法規及所欲族群之膳食攝入資訊而變化。於一些實施態樣中,根據本發明之營養組成物係由乳蛋白來源(諸如全脂或脫脂奶),加上用於取得所需之感官性能之添加的糖和甜味劑,以及添加的維生素和礦物質所組成。該脂肪組成物通常係源於乳汁原料。總蛋白之目標可設定為符合人乳、牛乳之數值或較低之數值。總碳水化合物之目標通常設定為提供儘可能少之添加的糖(諸如蔗糖或果糖)來取得可接受的味道。通常,維生素A、鈣及維生素D之添加量為符合區域牛奶的營養貢獻。或者,於一些實施態樣中,維生素和礦物質之添加量可為每份用量提供約20%之膳食參考攝入量(DRI)或約20%之日需值(DV)。再者,不同市場間之營養數值可根據所欲族群之鑑定的營養需求、原料貢獻和地區規定而有所變化。
於某些實施態樣中,該營養組成物為低致敏性的。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物為符合猶太教規之食物。再於進一步之實施態樣中,該營養組成物為非經遺傳工程改質之產品。於一實施態樣中,該營養調和物不含蔗糖。該營養組成物亦可不含乳糖。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物不含任何中鏈三酸甘油脂油。於一些實
施態樣中,該組成物中不含角叉菜膠。於其他實施態樣中,該營養組成物不含所有膠料。
於一些實施態樣中,本發明係針對用於兒科個體(諸如嬰兒或兒童)之階段性營養餵食方案,其包括數種根據本發明之不同營養組成物。各營養組成物包含水解蛋白質、至少一種預膠化澱粉及至少一種果膠。於某些實施態樣中,該餵食方案之營養組成物亦可包含長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸之來源、至少一種益生質、鐵之來源、β-葡聚醣之來源、維生素或礦物質、葉黃素、玉米黃素或上述中之任何其他成分。本文所描述之營養組成物可每天投服一次或在一整天中投服多次。
所提供之實例係用於說明本發明之營養組成物的一些實施態樣,但不應該被解釋為對彼等之任何限制。熟習本技藝之人士從考量本專利說明書或實行本文所揭露之營養組成物或方法可清楚明白在本文之申請專利範圍內的其他實施態樣。本專利說明書,連同實例被認為僅用於示例,本發明之範圍和精神係由接續在實例後之申請專利範圍所指定。
將包含部分水解蛋白質之營養組成物與19%重量/重量之糯玉米澱粉和LM果膠的混合物(分別為17:1之比例)乾式摻合。以0.15:1之粉末對水的比率製備乾式摻合粉末的水性分散液。在30rpm,37±2℃下,
以具有1號轉子之Brookfield黏度計測量黏度。所得之經重構成的配方產生可接受之奶嘴流動性。然而,當此經重構成之配方被酸化至pH 4.0時,其顯示出與僅含有澱粉之類似配方相比較時黏度增加。
第1圖提供說明根據本發明之各種營養組成物的黏度(cP)對pH值之關係的圖形。在30rpm,37±1℃下,以具有3號轉子之Brookfield黏度計測量每一樣本之黏度。第1圖比較包含以下各項之樣本的黏度對pH值之關係(i)不含澱粉及LM果膠之以部分水解蛋白質為底質的配方(作為對照組),(ii)含有12%預膠化之糯稻米澱粉及1.1%果膠之以部分水解蛋白質為底質之配方,(iii)含有18%預膠化之糯稻米澱粉及1.1%果膠之以部分水解蛋白質為底質的配方,(iv)含有18%預膠化之糯玉米澱粉之以部分水解蛋白質為底質的配方,及(v)含有18%預膠化之糯玉米澱粉及1.1%果膠之以部分水解蛋白質為底質的配方。
表1提供根據本發明之營養組成物的示例性實施態樣並描述所欲包含之各成分的量。
表2提供根據本發明之營養組成物的另外示例性實施態樣並描述每100千卡所欲包含之各成分的量。
本專利說明書中所引用之所有參考文獻,包括,但不限於所有論文、出版物、專利案、專利申請案、演示、文本、報告、手稿、手冊、書籍、網路貼文、雜誌文章、期刊,等的全部內容在此以引用方式納入本專利說明書中。本文中參考文獻之討論只是為了概述由其作者所下之斷言,並非承認任何參考文獻構成先前技藝。本申請者保留質疑所引用之參考文獻的準確性和相關性之權利。
雖然本發明之實施態樣已使用特定術語、裝置及方法描述,這類描述僅用於說明。所使用之文字係用於描述,而非限制。可理解的是,本技藝之一般技術人士可在不背離本發明之精神和範圍(其陳述於接續之申請專利範圍中)的情況下作出各種改變和變化。此外,應理解的是,各種實施態樣之態樣可以全部或部分互換。例如,用於生產根據已示例之那些方法製造的無菌液態營養補充劑商品的方法可被考慮用於其他用途。因此,所附之申請專利範圍的精神和範圍不應只限於其中所包含之版本的描述。
Claims (20)
- 一種以乳為底質之營養組成物,其包含:水解蛋白質來源,其包含乳清及酪蛋白;脂質;至少一種預膠化澱粉;低甲基化果膠;及至少一種另外的碳水化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該預膠化澱粉包含木薯澱粉。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該預膠化澱粉包含玉米澱粉。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該預膠化澱粉包含糯玉米澱粉。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該預膠化澱粉:果膠之比例介於約5:1與約40:1之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該預膠化澱粉:果膠之比例為約16:1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該蛋白質來源經部分水解。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該蛋白質來源經廣泛水解。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其進一步包含至少一種長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸(LCPUFA)。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之營養組成物,其中該至 少一種長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸包含二十二碳六烯酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其進一步包含至少一種益生質。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其進一步包含至少一種益生菌。
- 一種抗返流的嬰兒配方,其包含:蛋白質來源,其包含部分水解之乳清及部分水解之酪蛋白;至少一種澱粉,其包含預膠化之糯玉米澱粉;及低甲基化果膠。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之嬰兒配方,其中該至少一種澱粉進一步包含預膠化之木薯澱粉。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之嬰兒配方,其中該至少一種澱粉進一步包含預膠化之玉米澱粉。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之嬰兒配方,其中該至少一種澱粉進一步包含預膠化之米澱粉。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之嬰兒配方,其中該澱粉:果膠之比例介於約5:1與約40:1之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之嬰兒配方,其中該澱粉:果膠之比例為約16:1。
- 一種用於減少個體之胃食道逆流發生之方法,該方法包含投予個體包含水解蛋白質、預膠化澱粉及低甲基化果膠之營養組成物的步驟。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之方法,其中該預膠化 澱粉:低甲基化果膠之比例介於約5:1與約40:1之間。
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CN (1) | CN105120674A (zh) |
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US11129404B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2021-09-28 | Abbott Laboratories | Nutritional compositions comprising hydrolyzed protein and a modified fat system and uses thereof |
CN109561727A (zh) * | 2016-08-04 | 2019-04-02 | 西雅图咖米公司 | 健康管理组合物及其制备和使用方法 |
CN107744017A (zh) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-03-02 | 中食月太(北京)健康科技有限公司 | 一种含水解酪蛋白的益生菌固体饮料及其制备方法 |
CN110558564A (zh) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-13 | 浙江大学 | 一种胃肠内营养消化吸收调节剂 |
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US5407957A (en) | 1990-02-13 | 1995-04-18 | Martek Corporation | Production of docosahexaenoic acid by dinoflagellates |
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US5374567A (en) | 1993-05-20 | 1994-12-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Operational amplifier using bipolar junction transistors in silicon-on-sapphire |
US6099871A (en) * | 1995-06-01 | 2000-08-08 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Anti-regurgitation infant formula |
US6365218B1 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2002-04-02 | Abbott Laboratories | Pediatric formula and methods for providing nutrition and improving tolerance |
US8137718B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2012-03-20 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Probiotic infant products |
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US8968722B2 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2015-03-03 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Milk-based nutritional compositions containing lactoferrin and uses thereof |
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CA2905032A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
US20140271979A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
MX2015011922A (es) | 2015-12-01 |
AU2014228663B2 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
RU2015139227A (ru) | 2017-04-21 |
CN105120674A (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
AU2014228663A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
PH12015501816A1 (en) | 2015-12-07 |
SG11201505452TA (en) | 2015-08-28 |
AR095383A1 (es) | 2015-10-14 |
MX367737B (es) | 2019-09-04 |
WO2014143480A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
PE20160010A1 (es) | 2016-02-03 |
EP2983483A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
HK1218494A1 (zh) | 2017-02-24 |
MY179829A (en) | 2020-11-17 |
BR112015018421A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
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