TW201416494A - Surface treatment method for aluminum alloy and aluminum articles thereof - Google Patents

Surface treatment method for aluminum alloy and aluminum articles thereof Download PDF

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TW201416494A
TW201416494A TW101142112A TW101142112A TW201416494A TW 201416494 A TW201416494 A TW 201416494A TW 101142112 A TW101142112 A TW 101142112A TW 101142112 A TW101142112 A TW 101142112A TW 201416494 A TW201416494 A TW 201416494A
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aluminum alloy
treatment
alloy substrate
aluminum
sealing
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TW101142112A
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TWI573898B (en
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Cheng-Yang Xiong
shu-xiang Zhou
Kai-Rong Liao
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Fih Hong Kong Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/16—Pretreatment, e.g. desmutting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C25D11/08—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
    • C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
    • C25D11/243—Chemical after-treatment using organic dyestuffs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
    • C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
    • C25D11/246—Chemical after-treatment for sealing layers

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a surface treatment method for aluminum alloy. The method includes: providing an aluminum alloy substrate containing silicon element; uniformly dispersing the silicon element in the substrate by applying a solid solution treatment to the substrate; removing the silicon element at the surface of the substrate by applying an acid treatment; forming an porous aluminum oxide film on the substrate by applying an anodizing treatment to the substrate; coloring the porous aluminum oxide film; and forming an hydrate aluminum oxide layer on the aluminum oxide film by a sealing treatment. An aluminum article made by the exemplary method is also described.

Description

鋁合金的表面處理方法及鋁製品Aluminum alloy surface treatment method and aluminum product

本發明係關於一種鋁合金的表面處理方法及經該方法處理後所製得的鋁製品。The invention relates to a surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy and an aluminum product obtained by the method.

鋁合金具有壓鑄加工性能好、機械強度高、及耐腐蝕的優點，於機械製造、儀器儀錶、汽車、及裝飾配件等方面具有廣泛的應用。Aluminum alloy has the advantages of good die-casting performance, high mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. It has a wide range of applications in machinery manufacturing, instrumentation, automotive, and decorative accessories.

然而，鋁合金內部含有較多的矽元素，對該鋁合金進行著色處理後，矽元素的存於會導致著色不均勻。However, the aluminum alloy contains a large amount of lanthanum inside, and after the coloring treatment of the aluminum alloy, the presence of the lanthanum element causes uneven coloration.

目前為提高經著色處理後的鋁合金表面顏色的均勻性，首先對該鋁合金進行酸洗處理，然而，採用酸洗的方法一般僅可除去鋁合金表層的矽元素。由於鋁合金內部的矽元素分佈不均一，且鋁合金的表層區域的矽元素含量通常較低，雖然酸洗後表層的矽元素可被去除，惟酸洗後鋁合金內部總的矽元素的含量仍較高。故習知的酸洗處理並不能有效提高陽極處理後鋁合金著色的均勻性。At present, in order to improve the uniformity of the color of the surface of the aluminum alloy after the coloring treatment, the aluminum alloy is first subjected to pickling treatment. However, the pickling method generally removes only the lanthanum element of the surface layer of the aluminum alloy. Due to the non-uniform distribution of niobium in the aluminum alloy, and the content of niobium in the surface layer of the aluminum alloy is usually low, although the niobium element in the surface layer after pickling can be removed, the total niobium content in the aluminum alloy after pickling Still higher. Therefore, the conventional pickling treatment cannot effectively improve the uniformity of coloring of the aluminum alloy after the anodizing treatment.

有鑒於此，提供一種可有效解決上述問題的鋁合金的表面處理方法。In view of the above, a surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy which can effectively solve the above problems is provided.

另外，還有必要提供一種經上述方法製得的鋁製品。In addition, it is also necessary to provide an aluminum article obtained by the above method.

一種鋁合金的表面處理方法，其包括以下步驟：A surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy, comprising the steps of:

提供一待處理鋁合金基材；Providing an aluminum alloy substrate to be processed;

對所述鋁合金基材進行固溶處理，以使矽元素均勻的分散於所述鋁合金基材中；Performing a solution treatment on the aluminum alloy substrate to uniformly disperse the lanthanum element in the aluminum alloy substrate;

對所述經固溶處理後的鋁合金基材進行酸洗處理，以除去所述鋁合金基材表層的矽元素；Performing a pickling treatment on the solution-treated aluminum alloy substrate to remove the bismuth element on the surface layer of the aluminum alloy substrate;

以所述經酸洗處理後的鋁合金基材為陽極，對該鋁合金基材進行陽極氧化處理，從而於該鋁合金基材的表面形成一多孔的氧化鋁膜；The aluminum alloy substrate after the pickling treatment is used as an anode, and the aluminum alloy substrate is anodized to form a porous aluminum oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate;

對所述經陽極氧化處理後的鋁合金基材進行著色處理；Coloring the anodized aluminum alloy substrate;

對所述經著色處理後的鋁合金基材進行封孔處理。The colored aluminum alloy substrate is subjected to a sealing treatment.

一種經由上述表面處理方法所製得的鋁製品，其包括鋁合金基材、形成於該鋁合金基材上的氧化鋁膜、及附著於該氧化鋁膜上的水合氧化鋁層，其中所述氧化鋁膜藉由陽極氧化反應的方式製得，該氧化鋁膜不含有矽元素，且形成有若干微孔。An aluminum article obtained by the above surface treatment method, comprising an aluminum alloy substrate, an aluminum oxide film formed on the aluminum alloy substrate, and a hydrated aluminum oxide layer attached to the aluminum oxide film, wherein The aluminum oxide film is obtained by an anodizing reaction which does not contain a lanthanum element and is formed with a plurality of micropores.

相較於習知技術，本發明的鋁合金的表面處理方法先藉由固溶處理以將矽元素均勻的分散於所述鋁合金基材中，然後藉由酸洗處理去除鋁合金基材表層的矽元素。再對鋁合金進行陽極氧化處理、著色處理、及封孔處理後，從而於鋁合金基材表面均勻的著色。Compared with the prior art, the surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy of the present invention firstly disperses the lanthanum element in the aluminum alloy substrate by solution treatment, and then removes the surface layer of the aluminum alloy substrate by pickling treatment.矽 element. After the anodizing treatment, the coloring treatment, and the sealing treatment of the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy substrate is uniformly colored on the surface.

本發明一較佳實施方式的鋁合金的表面處理方法，其包括以下步驟：A surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

請參閱圖1，提供一待處理的鋁合金基材10。Referring to Figure 1, an aluminum alloy substrate 10 to be treated is provided.

採用無水乙醇對所述鋁合金基材10進行超聲波清洗，以除去該鋁合金基材10表面的油污。所述超聲波清洗的時間可為25-35分鐘。The aluminum alloy substrate 10 is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning using anhydrous ethanol to remove oil stains on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate 10. The ultrasonic cleaning time may be 25 to 35 minutes.

風乾所述鋁合金基材10。使用一吹風機，調節所述吹風機的角度為30-60°，風乾所述經超聲波清洗處理後的鋁合金基材10。所述風乾於室溫下進行2-3分鐘。The aluminum alloy substrate 10 is air dried. Using an air blower, the angle of the blower is adjusted to 30-60°, and the ultrasonically cleaned aluminum alloy substrate 10 is air-dried. The air is dried at room temperature for 2-3 minutes.

對上述經風乾處理後的鋁合金基材10進行固溶處理。所述固溶處理為：提供一箱式電阻爐（未圖示），將該箱式電阻爐的溫度設置為495-525℃，將所述鋁合金基材10置入該箱式電阻爐中放置8-10小時，該鋁合金基材10於所述箱式電阻爐的高溫下發生固溶，其內部的矽元素於此固溶過程中均勻分散於所述鋁合金基材10中。The air-treated aluminum alloy substrate 10 is subjected to a solution treatment. The solution treatment is: providing a box type resistance furnace (not shown), setting the temperature of the box type resistance furnace to 495-525 ° C, and placing the aluminum alloy substrate 10 into the box type resistance furnace. After being left for 8-10 hours, the aluminum alloy substrate 10 is solid-solved at a high temperature of the box type resistance furnace, and the internal lanthanum element is uniformly dispersed in the aluminum alloy substrate 10 during the solution treatment.

從該箱式電阻爐中取出鋁合金基材10，並於取出所述鋁合金基材10後的5秒內，將該鋁合金基材10置入20-25℃的水中進行淬火處理，以保持經固溶處理後的鋁合金基材10的組織結構。其中所述淬火處理的時間為3-5分鐘。The aluminum alloy substrate 10 is taken out from the box type electric resistance furnace, and the aluminum alloy base material 10 is placed in water at 20-25 ° C for 5 seconds after the aluminum alloy base material 10 is taken out, and quenched to The structure of the aluminum alloy substrate 10 after the solution treatment is maintained. The time of the quenching treatment is 3-5 minutes.

提供一酸洗液，並將其置入一酸洗槽中待用，其中該酸洗液的溫度為室溫。所述酸洗液中含有硝酸和氫氟酸，且所述硝酸和氫氟酸的體積比可為8-10：1-1.5。An acid wash solution is provided and placed in a pickling tank for use, wherein the temperature of the pickling solution is room temperature. The pickling solution contains nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and the volume ratio of the nitric acid to hydrofluoric acid may be from 8 to 10:1 to 1.5.

將上述經淬火處理後的鋁合金基材10置入所述酸洗槽中進行酸洗處理，所述酸洗處理的時間為5-10分鐘。所述鋁合金基材10表層中含有的矽元素與氫氟酸反應，生成四氟化矽化合物，且該四氟化矽化合物可溶解於所述酸洗液中，故可以除去所述鋁合金基材10表層中的矽元素。實驗證明，該酸洗處理可除去所述鋁合金基材10的15-25微米深度的表層中所含有的矽元素，使酸洗後鋁合金內部總的矽元素的含量下降1.3-1.65%。The quenched aluminum alloy substrate 10 is placed in the pickling tank for pickling treatment, and the pickling treatment time is 5-10 minutes. The ruthenium element contained in the surface layer of the aluminum alloy substrate 10 reacts with hydrofluoric acid to form a ruthenium tetrafluoride compound, and the ruthenium tetrafluoride compound can be dissolved in the acid wash solution, so the aluminum alloy can be removed. The elemental element in the surface layer of the substrate 10. It has been experimentally confirmed that the pickling treatment can remove the lanthanum element contained in the surface layer of the aluminum alloy substrate 10 at a depth of 15 to 25 μm, so that the total lanthanum content in the aluminum alloy after pickling is decreased by 1.3 to 1.65%.

可以理解的，於所述酸洗槽外可設置一循環冷卻裝置以維持該酸洗槽中酸洗液的溫度為室溫。It can be understood that a circulating cooling device can be disposed outside the pickling tank to maintain the temperature of the pickling liquid in the pickling tank at room temperature.

化學拋光所述經酸洗處理後的鋁合金基材10，以降低該鋁合金基材10表面的粗糙度，提高鋁合金基材10表面的光澤度。所述化學拋光包括硫化處理和硝化處理兩個工序。The pickled aluminum alloy substrate 10 is chemically polished to reduce the roughness of the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate 10 and to improve the gloss of the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate 10. The chemical polishing includes two steps of a vulcanization treatment and a nitrification treatment.

採用硫化劑對所述鋁合金基材10進行硫化處理。所述硫化劑中含有硫酸和磷酸，其中所述硫酸和磷酸的體積比可為1-1.5:3-5。所述硫化劑的溫度可為70-90℃，硫化處理的時間可為20-30秒。所述硫化劑中的硫酸和磷酸可電離出H+離子，H+離子與所述鋁合金基材10表面的氧化鋁反應生成Al3+和H2O水分子，以除去所述鋁合金基材10表面的氧化鋁。The aluminum alloy substrate 10 is subjected to a vulcanization treatment using a vulcanizing agent. The vulcanizing agent contains sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, wherein the volume ratio of the sulfuric acid to the phosphoric acid may be 1-1.5:3-5. The vulcanizing agent may have a temperature of 70 to 90 ° C and the vulcanization treatment time may be 20 to 30 seconds. Sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in the vulcanizing agent can ionize H + ions, and H + ions react with alumina on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate 10 to form Al 3+ and H 2 O water molecules to remove the aluminum alloy base. Alumina on the surface of the material 10.

採用硝化劑對所述鋁合金基材10進行硝化處理。所述硝化劑中含有硝酸和磷酸，所述硝酸和磷酸的體積比可為1-1.5:1-3。所述硝化劑溫度可為60-80℃，硝化處理的時間可為20-30秒。所述磷酸可與所述鋁合金基材10中的鋁金屬反應，於所述鋁合金基材10的表面生成一磷酸鋁鹽，所述磷酸鋁鹽可溶於所述硝化劑中，從而提高所述鋁合金基材10表面的光澤度。The aluminum alloy substrate 10 is subjected to a nitrification treatment using a nitrating agent. The nitrating agent contains nitric acid and phosphoric acid, and the volume ratio of the nitric acid to the phosphoric acid may be 1-1.5:1-3. The nitrating agent temperature may be 60-80 ° C, and the nitration treatment time may be 20-30 seconds. The phosphoric acid can react with the aluminum metal in the aluminum alloy substrate 10 to form an aluminum monophosphate salt on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate 10, and the aluminum phosphate salt is soluble in the nitrating agent, thereby improving The gloss of the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate 10.

對上述經硫化和硝化處理後的鋁合金基材10進行陽極氧化處理。所述陽極氧化處理為：以所述鋁合金基材10為陽極，不銹鋼為陰極，於陽極與陰極之間施加20-60V的電壓，2-6.5A/dm2的直流電流，以濃度為120-210g/L的硫酸溶液為電解液，使鋁合金基材10於溫度為3-30℃的硫酸溶液中反應5-65分鐘。於陽極氧化過程中，H2O水分子會電離生成H+離子和OH-離子，H+離子於陰極附近被還原生成H2。當OH-離子移動到陽極附近時，生成H2O水分子和O2，O2與所述鋁合金基材10反應從而於所述鋁合金基材10表面生成一多孔的氧化鋁膜12。該氧化鋁膜12的厚度為5-12微米，該厚度範圍內幾乎不含有矽元素，故不會對後續的著色處理產生不良影響。該氧化鋁膜12形成有若干微孔121。The aluminum alloy substrate 10 subjected to the above vulcanization and nitration treatment is anodized. The anodizing treatment is: using the aluminum alloy substrate 10 as an anode and stainless steel as a cathode, applying a voltage of 20-60 V between the anode and the cathode, and a direct current of 2-6.5 A/dm 2 at a concentration of 120 The -210 g/L sulfuric acid solution is an electrolytic solution, and the aluminum alloy substrate 10 is reacted in a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 3 to 30 ° C for 5 to 65 minutes. During the anodization process, H 2 O water molecules are ionized to generate H + ions and OH − ions, and H + ions are reduced near the cathode to form H 2 . When OH - ions moved to the vicinity of the anode, generating water molecules and H 2 O O 2, O 2 10 react with the aluminum alloy base to generate a porous surface of the aluminum alloy material 10 on the alumina film 12 . The aluminum oxide film 12 has a thickness of 5 to 12 μm, and contains almost no antimony element in the thickness range, so that it does not adversely affect the subsequent coloring treatment. The aluminum oxide film 12 is formed with a plurality of micropores 121.

提供一著色劑，並將其置入一保溫槽中。所述著色劑的濃度為0.2-4g/L，pH值為4-10。該著色劑的pH值可藉由向該著色劑中加入醋酸、氨水、或稀氫氧化鈉來調節。所述著色劑可為咕噸類染料、芘類染料、甲川類染料、香豆素類染料、菁類染料、芪類染料、或惡嗪類染料。A colorant is provided and placed in a holding tank. The colorant has a concentration of 0.2 to 4 g/L and a pH of 4 to 10. The pH of the colorant can be adjusted by adding acetic acid, ammonia water, or dilute sodium hydroxide to the colorant. The colorant may be a xanthene dye, an anthraquinone dye, a methine dye, a coumarin dye, a cyanine dye, an anthraquinone dye, or an oxazine dye.

將所述經陽極氧化處理後的鋁合金基材10浸入所述保溫槽中進行著色處理。於著色處理過程中，所述著色劑填充於所述氧化鋁膜12的若干微孔121中。所述著色處理於30-60℃的溫度下進行5-20分鐘。The anodized aluminum alloy substrate 10 is immersed in the heat retention tank for coloring treatment. The colorant is filled in a plurality of micropores 121 of the aluminum oxide film 12 during the coloring process. The coloring treatment is carried out at a temperature of 30 to 60 ° C for 5 to 20 minutes.

對上述經著色處理後的鋁合金基材10進行封孔處理。所述封孔處理可採用沸水封孔、蒸氣封孔、醋酸鎳封孔、重鉻酸鉀封孔、硫酸鎳封孔、醋酸鎳封孔、硬脂酸封孔、或冷封孔。The above-mentioned colored aluminum alloy substrate 10 is subjected to a sealing treatment. The sealing treatment may be performed by boiling water sealing, steam sealing, nickel acetate sealing, potassium dichromate sealing, nickel sulfate sealing, nickel acetate sealing, stearic acid sealing, or cold sealing.

本實施例優選採用沸水封孔。該沸水封孔具體為：將上述經著色處理後的鋁合金基材10置入一沸水槽中30-45分鐘，所述沸水槽中裝有溫度為95-100℃的沸水。於該沸水封孔處理後，於所述氧化鋁膜12的表面形成一水合氧化鋁層14。This embodiment is preferably sealed with boiling water. Specifically, the boiling water sealing hole is characterized in that the colored aluminum alloy substrate 10 is placed in a boiling water tank for 30 to 45 minutes, and the boiling water tank is filled with boiling water having a temperature of 95 to 100 ° C. After the boiling water sealing treatment, a monohydrated alumina layer 14 is formed on the surface of the aluminum oxide film 12.

一種經由上述表面處理方法所製得的鋁製品100包括鋁合金基材10、形成於該鋁合金基材上的氧化鋁膜12、及附著於該氧化鋁膜12上的水合氧化鋁層14，其中所述氧化鋁膜12形成有若干微孔121。所述氧化鋁膜12通過陽極氧化反應的方式製得，該氧化鋁膜12中不含有矽元素。所述鋁製品100表面著色的均勻度為90-98%。An aluminum article 100 obtained by the above surface treatment method includes an aluminum alloy substrate 10, an aluminum oxide film 12 formed on the aluminum alloy substrate, and a hydrated alumina layer 14 attached to the aluminum oxide film 12, The aluminum oxide film 12 is formed with a plurality of micropores 121. The aluminum oxide film 12 is obtained by an anodization reaction, and the aluminum oxide film 12 does not contain a lanthanum element. The uniformity of surface coloration of the aluminum article 100 is 90-98%.

下面通過實施例來對本發明進行具體說明。The invention will now be specifically described by way of examples.

實施例1:Example 1:

（一）超聲波清洗：採用無水乙醇對所述鋁合金基材10進行超聲波清洗大約30分鐘。(1) Ultrasonic cleaning: The aluminum alloy substrate 10 was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for about 30 minutes.

（二）風乾處理：使用一吹風機，調節所述吹風機的角度為30°，風乾所述經超聲波清洗處理後的鋁合金基材10。所述風乾於室溫下進行2分鐘。(2) Air-drying treatment: using an air blower, adjusting the angle of the hair dryer to 30°, air drying the ultrasonically cleaned aluminum alloy substrate 10 . The air was dried at room temperature for 2 minutes.

（三）固溶處理：將所述鋁合金基材10置入溫度為525℃的箱式電阻爐中保溫8小時。(III) Solution treatment: The aluminum alloy substrate 10 was placed in a box type electric resistance furnace at a temperature of 525 ° C for 8 hours.

（四）淬火處理：於取出所述鋁合金基材10後的5秒內，將其置入溫度為20℃的水中進行淬火處理。所述淬火處理的時間為5分鐘。(4) Quenching treatment: After taking out the aluminum alloy substrate 10, it was placed in water at a temperature of 20 ° C for quenching treatment within 5 seconds. The time of the quenching treatment was 5 minutes.

（五）酸洗處理：配置酸洗液，其中該酸洗液中的硝酸和氫氟酸的體積百分比為8：1。將所述經淬火處理後的鋁合金基材10浸入該酸洗液中5分鐘。所述酸洗處理使該鋁合金基材內部的總的矽元素的含量降低1.3%。(5) Pickling treatment: an acid washing liquid is disposed, wherein the volume percentage of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid in the pickling liquid is 8:1. The quenched aluminum alloy substrate 10 was immersed in the pickling solution for 5 minutes. The pickling treatment reduced the total strontium content inside the aluminum alloy substrate by 1.3%.

（六）硫化處理：配置硫化劑，該硫化劑的溫度為70℃，其中該硫化劑中硫酸和磷酸的體積比為1:3。所述硫化處理的時間為20秒。(6) Vulcanization treatment: a vulcanizing agent is disposed, the vulcanizing agent having a temperature of 70 ° C, wherein the vulcanizing agent has a volume ratio of sulfuric acid to phosphoric acid of 1:3. The time of the vulcanization treatment was 20 seconds.

（七）硝化處理：配置硝化劑，該硝化劑的溫度為60℃，其中該硝化劑中硝酸和磷酸的體積比為1:1。所述硝化處理的時間為20秒。(7) Nitrification treatment: a nitrating agent is disposed, and the temperature of the nitrating agent is 60 ° C, wherein the volume ratio of nitric acid to phosphoric acid in the nitrating agent is 1:1. The time of the nitrification treatment was 20 seconds.

（八）陽極氧化處理：以所述鋁合金基材為陽極，不銹鋼為陰極，於陽極與陰極之間施加的22V的電壓，2.3A/dm2的直流電流，以濃度為130g/L的硫酸溶液為電解液，使所述鋁合金基材10於溫度為20℃的硫酸溶液中反應15分鐘。(8) Anodizing treatment: using the aluminum alloy substrate as an anode, stainless steel as a cathode, a voltage of 22 V applied between the anode and the cathode, a direct current of 2.3 A/dm 2 , and a sulfuric acid having a concentration of 130 g/L. The solution was an electrolytic solution, and the aluminum alloy substrate 10 was reacted in a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 20 ° C for 15 minutes.

（九）著色處理：提供濃度為4g/L，pH值為5的咕噸類染料。所述著色處理於30℃的溫度下進行5分鐘。(9) Coloring treatment: a xanthene dye having a concentration of 4 g/L and a pH of 5 is provided. The coloring treatment was carried out at a temperature of 30 ° C for 5 minutes.

（十）封孔處理：所述封孔處理於100℃的沸水中進行30分鐘。(10) Sealing treatment: The sealing treatment was carried out in boiling water at 100 ° C for 30 minutes.

實施例2：Example 2:

（一）超聲波清洗：採用無水乙醇對所述鋁合金基材進行超聲波清洗大約30分鐘。(1) Ultrasonic cleaning: The aluminum alloy substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for about 30 minutes.

（二）風乾處理：使用一吹風機，調節所述吹風機的角度為50°，風乾所述經超聲波清洗處理後的鋁合金基材。所述風乾於室溫下進行2分鐘。(2) Air-drying treatment: using a hair dryer, adjusting the angle of the hair dryer to 50°, and air drying the aluminum alloy substrate after ultrasonic cleaning. The air was dried at room temperature for 2 minutes.

（三）固溶處理：將所述鋁合金基材置入溫度為510℃的箱式電阻爐中保溫9小時。(III) Solution treatment: The aluminum alloy substrate was placed in a box type electric resistance furnace at a temperature of 510 ° C for 9 hours.

（四）淬火處理：於取出該鋁合金基材後的5秒內，將其置入15℃的水中進行淬火處理。所述淬火處理的時間為5分鐘。(4) Quenching treatment: After taking out the aluminum alloy substrate, it was placed in water at 15 ° C for quenching treatment within 5 seconds. The time of the quenching treatment was 5 minutes.

（五）酸洗處理：配置酸洗液，其中該酸洗液中的硝酸和氫氟酸的體積百分比為10：1.5。將所述經淬火處理後的鋁合金基材浸入該酸洗液中5分鐘。所述酸洗處理使該鋁合金基材內部的總的矽元素的含量降低1.5%。(5) Pickling treatment: The acid washing liquid is disposed, wherein the volume percentage of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid in the pickling liquid is 10:1.5. The quenched aluminum alloy substrate was immersed in the pickling solution for 5 minutes. The pickling treatment reduces the total strontium content inside the aluminum alloy substrate by 1.5%.

（六）硫化處理：配置硫化劑，該硫化劑的溫度為75℃，其中該硫化劑中硫酸和磷酸的體積比為1:5。所述硫化處理的時間為20秒。(6) Vulcanization treatment: a vulcanizing agent is disposed, and the temperature of the vulcanizing agent is 75 ° C, wherein the vulcanizing agent has a volume ratio of sulfuric acid to phosphoric acid of 1:5. The time of the vulcanization treatment was 20 seconds.

（七）硝化處理：配置硝化劑，該硝化劑的溫度為70℃，其中該硝化劑中硝酸和磷酸的體積比為1:1。所述硝化處理的時間為30秒。(7) Nitrification treatment: a nitrating agent is disposed, and the temperature of the nitrating agent is 70 ° C, wherein the volume ratio of nitric acid to phosphoric acid in the nitrating agent is 1:1. The time of the nitration treatment was 30 seconds.

（八）陽極氧化處理：以所述鋁合金基材為陽極，不銹鋼為陰極，於陽極與陰極之間施加的30V的電壓，3A/dm2的直流電流，以濃度為180g/L的硫酸溶液為電解液，使所述鋁合金基材於溫度為20℃的硫酸溶液中反應20分鐘。(8) Anodizing treatment: using the aluminum alloy substrate as an anode, stainless steel as a cathode, a voltage of 30 V applied between the anode and the cathode, a direct current of 3 A/dm 2 , and a sulfuric acid solution having a concentration of 180 g/L. For the electrolyte, the aluminum alloy substrate was reacted in a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 20 ° C for 20 minutes.

（九）著色處理：提供濃度為3g/L，pH為6的咕噸類染料。所述著色處理於40℃的溫度下進行10分鐘。(9) Coloring treatment: a xanthene dye having a concentration of 3 g/L and a pH of 6 is provided. The coloring treatment was carried out at a temperature of 40 ° C for 10 minutes.

（十）封孔處理：所述封孔處理於100℃的沸水中進行40分鐘。(10) Sealing treatment: The sealing treatment was carried out in boiling water at 100 ° C for 40 minutes.

實施例3：Example 3:

（一）超聲波清洗：採用無水乙醇對所述鋁合金基材進行超聲波清洗大約30分鐘。(1) Ultrasonic cleaning: The aluminum alloy substrate was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for about 30 minutes.

（二）風乾處理：使用一吹風機，調節所述吹風機的角度為60°，風乾所述經超聲波清洗處理後的鋁合金基材。所述風乾於室溫下進行3分鐘。(2) Air-drying treatment: using a hair dryer, adjusting the angle of the hair dryer to 60°, and air drying the aluminum alloy substrate after ultrasonic cleaning. The air drying was carried out for 3 minutes at room temperature.

（三）固溶處理：將所述鋁合金基材置入溫度為495℃的箱式電阻爐中保溫10小時。(3) Solution treatment: The aluminum alloy substrate was placed in a box type electric resistance furnace at a temperature of 495 ° C for 10 hours.

（四）淬火處理：於取出所述鋁合金基材後的5秒內，將其置入20℃的水中進行淬火處理。所述淬火處理的時間為5分鐘。(4) Quenching treatment: After taking out the aluminum alloy substrate, it was placed in water at 20 ° C for quenching treatment within 5 seconds. The time of the quenching treatment was 5 minutes.

（五）酸洗處理：配置酸洗液，其中該酸洗液中的硝酸和氫氟酸的體積百分比為9：1。將所述經淬火處理後的鋁合金基材浸入該酸洗液中10分鐘。所述酸洗處理使該鋁合金基材內部的總的矽元素的含量降低1.65%。(5) Pickling treatment: The acid washing liquid is disposed, wherein the volume percentage of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid in the pickling liquid is 9:1. The quenched aluminum alloy substrate was immersed in the pickling solution for 10 minutes. The pickling treatment reduces the total strontium content inside the aluminum alloy substrate by 1.65%.

（六）硫化處理：配置硫化劑，該硫化劑的溫度為80℃，其中該硫化劑中硫酸和磷酸的體積比為1:4。所述硫化處理的時間為25秒。(6) Vulcanization treatment: a vulcanizing agent is disposed, and the temperature of the vulcanizing agent is 80 ° C, wherein the vulcanizing agent has a volume ratio of sulfuric acid to phosphoric acid of 1:4. The time of the vulcanization treatment was 25 seconds.

（七）硝化處理：配置硝化劑，該硝化劑的溫度為80℃，其中該硝化劑中硝酸和磷酸的體積比為1:2。所述硝化處理的時間為30秒。(7) Nitrification treatment: a nitrating agent is disposed, and the temperature of the nitrating agent is 80 ° C, wherein the volume ratio of nitric acid to phosphoric acid in the nitrating agent is 1:2. The time of the nitration treatment was 30 seconds.

（八）陽極氧化處理：以所述鋁合金基材為陽極，不銹鋼為陰極，於陽極與陰極之間施加的55V的電壓，5.5A/dm2的直流電流，以濃度為200g/L的硫酸溶液為電解液，使所述鋁合金基材於溫度為5℃的硫酸溶液中反應60分鐘。(8) Anodizing treatment: using the aluminum alloy substrate as an anode, stainless steel as a cathode, a voltage of 55 V applied between the anode and the cathode, a direct current of 5.5 A/dm 2 , and a sulfuric acid having a concentration of 200 g/L. The solution was an electrolytic solution, and the aluminum alloy substrate was reacted in a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 5 ° C for 60 minutes.

（九）著色處理：提供濃度為1g/L，pH為5的咕噸類染料。所述著色處理於60℃的溫度下進行20分鐘。(9) Coloring treatment: A xanthene dye having a concentration of 1 g/L and a pH of 5 is provided. The coloring treatment was carried out at a temperature of 60 ° C for 20 minutes.

（十）封孔處理：所述封孔處理於100℃的沸水中進行35分鐘。(10) Sealing treatment: The sealing treatment was carried out in boiling water at 100 ° C for 35 minutes.

100．．．鋁製品100. . . Aluminum products

10．．．鋁合金基材10. . . Aluminum alloy substrate

12．．．氧化鋁膜12. . . Alumina film

14．．．水合氧化鋁層14. . . Hydrated alumina layer

121．．．氧化鋁微孔121. . . Alumina micropores

圖1係由本發明較佳實施例鋁製品的剖視示意圖。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an aluminum article of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

100．．．鋁製品100. . . Aluminum products

10．．．鋁合金基材10. . . Aluminum alloy substrate

12．．．氧化鋁膜12. . . Alumina film

14．．．水合氧化鋁層14. . . Hydrated alumina layer

121．．．氧化鋁微孔121. . . Alumina micropores

Claims (14)

一種鋁合金的表面處理方法，其包括以下步驟：
提供一待處理的鋁合金基材；
對所述鋁合金基材進行固溶處理，以使矽元素均勻分散於所述鋁合金基材中；
對所述經固溶處理後的鋁合金基材進行酸洗處理，以除去所述鋁合金基材表層的矽元素；
以所述經酸洗處理後的鋁合金基材為陽極，對該鋁合金基材進行陽極氧化處理，於該鋁合金基材的表面形成一多孔的氧化鋁膜；
對所述經陽極氧化處理後的鋁合金基材進行著色處理；
對所述經著色處理後的鋁合金基材進行封孔處理。A surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy, comprising the steps of:
Providing an aluminum alloy substrate to be processed;
Performing a solution treatment on the aluminum alloy substrate to uniformly disperse the lanthanum element in the aluminum alloy substrate;
Performing a pickling treatment on the solution-treated aluminum alloy substrate to remove the bismuth element on the surface layer of the aluminum alloy substrate;
The aluminum alloy substrate after the pickling treatment is used as an anode, and the aluminum alloy substrate is anodized to form a porous aluminum oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate;
Coloring the anodized aluminum alloy substrate;
The colored aluminum alloy substrate is subjected to a sealing treatment. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述固溶處理為：將所述鋁合金基材置入箱式電阻爐中進行固溶處理，所述固溶處理於495-525℃的溫度下進行8-10小時。The surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the solution treatment is: placing the aluminum alloy substrate in a box-type resistance furnace for solution treatment, and the solution treatment is It is carried out at a temperature of 495-525 ° C for 8-10 hours. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述酸洗處理為：採用酸洗液對所述鋁合金基材進行處理，該酸洗液中含有體積比為8-10：1-1.5的硝酸和氫氟酸，且所述酸洗處理的時間為5-10分鐘。The surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the pickling treatment is: treating the aluminum alloy substrate with an acid washing liquid, wherein the pickling liquid contains a volume ratio of 8- 10: 1-1.5 of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and the pickling treatment time is 5-10 minutes. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述陽極氧化處理為：以所述鋁合金基材為陽極，不銹鋼為陰極，於陽極與陰極之間施加的20-60V電壓，2-6.5A/dm2的直流電流，以濃度為120-210g/L的硫酸溶液為電解液，於溫度為3-30℃的硫酸溶液中反應5-65分鐘。The surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the anodizing treatment is: using the aluminum alloy substrate as an anode, stainless steel as a cathode, and applying 20-60V between the anode and the cathode. The voltage, a direct current of 2-6.5 A/dm 2 , is reacted with a sulfuric acid solution having a concentration of 120-210 g/L as an electrolytic solution, and is reacted in a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 3 to 30 ° C for 5 to 65 minutes. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述著色處理為：採用著色劑對所述鋁合金基材進行著色處理，該著色劑為有機染料類著色劑，且該著色劑的濃度為0.2-4g/L，pH值為4-10，所述著色處理於30-60℃的溫度下進行5-20分鐘。The surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the coloring treatment is: coloring the aluminum alloy substrate with a coloring agent, the coloring agent is an organic dye coloring agent, and the coloring agent is an organic dye coloring agent. The colorant has a concentration of 0.2 to 4 g/L and a pH of 4 to 10. The coloring treatment is carried out at a temperature of 30 to 60 ° C for 5 to 20 minutes. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述有機染料類著色劑為咕噸類染料、芘類染料、甲川類染料、香豆素類染料、菁類染料、芪類染料、或惡嗪類染料。The surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy according to claim 5, wherein the organic dye coloring agent is a xanthene dye, an anthraquinone dye, a methine dye, a coumarin dye, a cyanine dye, or a hydrazine. Dyes, or oxazine dyes. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述封孔處理採用沸水封孔、蒸氣封孔、醋酸鎳封孔、重鉻酸鉀封孔、硫酸鎳封孔、醋酸鎳封孔、 硬脂酸封孔、或冷封孔。The surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the sealing treatment adopts boiling water sealing, steam sealing, nickel acetate sealing, potassium dichromate sealing, nickel sulfate sealing, acetic acid Nickel sealing, stearic acid sealing, or cold sealing. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述沸水封孔處理於95-100℃的沸水中進行30-45分鐘。The surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein the boiling water sealing treatment is carried out in boiling water at 95 to 100 ° C for 30 to 45 minutes. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述鋁合金的表面處理方法還包括於所述固溶處理後對該鋁合金基材進行淬火處理的步驟，所述淬火處理為將所述鋁合金基材從箱式電阻爐中取出後的5秒內置入水中。The surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the step of quenching the aluminum alloy substrate after the solution treatment, the quenching The treatment was built into water for 5 seconds after the aluminum alloy substrate was taken out from the box-type electric resistance furnace. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述鋁合金的表面處理方法還包括於所述酸洗處理後對該鋁合金基材進行化學拋光處理的步驟，所述化學拋光處理包括硫化處理和硝化處理兩個步驟。The surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy further comprises the step of chemically polishing the aluminum alloy substrate after the pickling treatment, The chemical polishing treatment includes two steps of a vulcanization treatment and a nitrification treatment. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述硫化處理為：採用硫化劑對所述鋁合金基材進行硫化處理，該硫化劑中含有體積比為1-1.5:3-5的硫酸和磷酸，且所述硫化處理於70-90℃的溫度下進行20-30秒。The surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the vulcanization treatment is: vulcanizing the aluminum alloy substrate with a vulcanizing agent, wherein the vulcanizing agent contains a volume ratio of 1-1.5: Sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid of 3-5, and the vulcanization treatment is carried out at a temperature of 70 to 90 ° C for 20 to 30 seconds. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之鋁合金的表面處理方法，其中所述硝化處理為：採用硝化劑對所述鋁合金基材進行硝化處理，該硝化劑中含有體積比為1-1.5:1-3的硝酸和磷酸，且所述硝化處理於60-80℃的溫度下進行20-30秒。The surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the nitrification treatment is: performing a nitrification treatment on the aluminum alloy substrate by using a nitrifying agent, wherein the nitrifying agent contains a volume ratio of 1-1.5: Nitric acid and phosphoric acid of 1-3, and the nitration treatment is carried out at a temperature of 60-80 ° C for 20-30 seconds. 一種鋁製品，其包括鋁合金基材，形成於該鋁合金基材上的氧化鋁膜、及附著於該氧化鋁膜上的水合氧化鋁層，該氧化鋁膜不含有矽元素，且形成有若干微孔。An aluminum product comprising an aluminum alloy substrate, an aluminum oxide film formed on the aluminum alloy substrate, and a hydrated aluminum oxide layer attached to the aluminum oxide film, the aluminum oxide film not containing germanium, and formed Several micropores. 如申請專利範圍第13項所述之鋁製品，其中所述鋁製品表面著色的均勻度為90-98%。
The aluminum article according to claim 13, wherein the aluminum article has a surface uniformity of 90-98%.
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