TW201408782A - Deep coldworking method and its housing manufacturing method - Google Patents
Deep coldworking method and its housing manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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本發明係一種深冷處理方法及其外殼的製造方法，尤指一種避免工件變形或破裂的深冷處理方法及其外殼的製造方法。
The present invention relates to a cryogenic treatment method and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a cryogenic treatment method for preventing deformation or cracking of a workpiece and a method for manufacturing the same.
深冷處理依據深冷處理的溫度高低，可區分為一般深冷處理（約攝氏零下0度～零下100度，也就是凱氏溫度273.15K～173.15K）以及超深冷處理（約173.15K以下）二種，而此種對工件處理的方式是基於鋼材在淬火後所殘留約2%～30%的奧氏體（Austenite），也就是一般俗稱的沃斯田體（Retained Austenite），其含量視鋼種及淬火程度而異。
由於沃斯田體本身的強度偏低，因此其在鋼材中的含量越多時，工件的硬度就會越低，並使工件會因溫度改變或加工時產生相變化而有尺寸上的變動，故如何減少沃斯田體的殘留，是本技術領域中相當重要的一道課題。
在實際運用上，目前是採取回火與深冷處理等方法，互相搭配來達到消除殘留沃斯田體之目的。考慮到回火軟化現象，若欲不使硬度下降而有效減少沃斯田體的殘留，使之能轉變為麻田散體（Martensite），則深冷處理是現今最有效方法。
在過往技術中，若要執行深冷處理，一種技術手段為液態氮直接浸泡法，也就是讓工件直接沉浸於液態氮中，使之瞬間承受約74.65K的低溫，降溫速度極快；然而，在此種深冷處理的過程中，工件的表面會產生微小的裂痕，甚至是直接變形破裂，也會影響其疲勞壽命。
另一種技術手段則是液態氮氣化法，其係讓工件不直接接觸液態氮，而是將液態氮於槽內霧化、汽化以帶走處理槽內的熱量。此種方法的降溫速度非常和緩，所以工件表面不會出現裂痕，但降溫升溫的速度過緩會導致處理時間被拉長，因而增加了處理成本。且此種處理設備需附加溫度控制回饋系統，成本亦高。
Cryogenic treatment can be divided into two types according to the temperature of cryogenic treatment, which can be divided into general cryogenic treatment (about 0 degrees Celsius to minus 100 degrees Celsius, that is, Kelvin temperature 273.15K to 173.15K) and ultra-deep cooling treatment (about 173.15K or less). The method of processing the workpiece is based on the austenite (about 2% to 30%) retained by the steel after quenching, which is commonly known as Retained Austenite, and its content depends on the steel grade and quenching. The extent varies.
Since the strength of the Worth field itself is low, the more the content in the steel, the lower the hardness of the workpiece, and the dimensional change of the workpiece due to temperature change or phase change during processing. Therefore, how to reduce the residue of the Worth field is a very important topic in the technical field.
In practical use, tempering and cryogenic treatment are currently used to match the purpose of eliminating the residual Worth field. Considering the temper softening phenomenon, cryogenic treatment is the most effective method today if the hardness of the Worth field is effectively reduced without causing the hardness to decrease, so that it can be converted into Martensite.
In the prior art, if the cryogenic treatment is to be performed, a technical means is direct immersion of liquid nitrogen, that is, the workpiece is directly immersed in liquid nitrogen, so that it instantaneously withstands a low temperature of about 74.65 K, and the cooling rate is extremely fast; however, During the cryogenic treatment, tiny cracks may occur on the surface of the workpiece, and even direct deformation and cracking may affect the fatigue life of the workpiece.
Another technical means is liquid nitrogenization, which allows the workpiece to be in direct contact with liquid nitrogen, but atomizes and vaporizes the liquid nitrogen in the tank to remove heat from the treatment tank. The cooling rate of this method is very gentle, so there is no crack on the surface of the workpiece, but the slow temperature rise and temperature will cause the processing time to be lengthened, thus increasing the processing cost. Moreover, such a processing device needs to add a temperature control feedback system, and the cost is also high.
本發明之主要目的，係提供一種深冷處理方法，其避免工件直接接觸低溫冷劑，降低了工件破裂的可能，並且讓工件被降溫和升溫時，會透過包覆於外的外殼做緩衝，避免溫度急遽變化而造成工件變形或破裂，再者外殼會強制固定工件，而可以避免工件變形或破裂。
本發明之另一目的，係提供一種深冷處理方法，其成本低廉，只要使用諸如水、油等尋常液體即可形成外殼。
本發明之再一目的，係提供一種深冷處理方法之外殼的製造方法，其在液體中有加入具粗糙表面之強化物，可防止外殼在凝固時發生破裂，同時提升凝固強度，且能更進一步加入調節物於液體中，以改變外殼的熱傳導能力；也可先行以氣泡薄膜包覆工件，製造出液體形成外殼時的膨脹空間，降低工件會受到的衝擊或壓迫。
本發明揭示了一種深冷處理方法，其步驟係包含置入一工件於一第一液體中，該第一液體包覆該工件；結凍該第一液體於一第一溫度，形成一外殼包覆於該工件；降溫處理具該外殼之該工件，使該工件降溫至一第二溫度；以及取出該工件。如此處理之下，可確保工件在深冷處理的過程中不會變形或是破裂，而提升加工品質。
本發明另外揭示了一種深冷處理之外殼的製造方法，其步驟係包含置入該工件於一液體中；置入至少一添加物於該液體中，該添加物之表面係為粗糙面或是具有調整該液體熱傳導係數之功能；以及結凍該液體，形成該外殼包覆於該工件。此製造方法所製造出的外殼係可以避免破裂的情形，而提升深冷處理的加工品質。
The main object of the present invention is to provide a cryogenic treatment method which avoids direct contact of a workpiece with a cryogenic refrigerant, reduces the possibility of cracking of the workpiece, and allows the workpiece to be buffered by the outer casing when the workpiece is cooled and warmed up, thereby avoiding The temperature changes rapidly and the workpiece is deformed or broken. In addition, the outer casing will force the workpiece to be fixed, and the workpiece may be prevented from being deformed or broken.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cryogenic treatment method which is inexpensive and can be formed by using an ordinary liquid such as water or oil.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a casing for a cryogenic treatment method, which comprises adding a reinforcement having a rough surface to a liquid to prevent cracking of the casing during solidification, and at the same time, to improve solidification strength, and to further The adjustment agent is added to the liquid to change the heat conduction capability of the outer casing; the workpiece may be coated with the bubble film to create an expansion space when the liquid forms the outer casing, thereby reducing the impact or compression of the workpiece.
The invention discloses a cryogenic treatment method, the method comprising the steps of: placing a workpiece in a first liquid, the first liquid coating the workpiece; freezing the first liquid at a first temperature to form an outer casing coating Working on the workpiece; cooling the workpiece with the outer casing to cool the workpiece to a second temperature; and removing the workpiece. Under such treatment, it can ensure that the workpiece does not deform or rupture during the cryogenic treatment, and the processing quality is improved.
The invention further discloses a method for manufacturing a cryogenically treated outer casing, the steps comprising: placing the workpiece in a liquid; placing at least one additive in the liquid, the surface of the additive being rough or having Adjusting the function of the heat transfer coefficient of the liquid; and freezing the liquid to form the outer casing to cover the workpiece. The outer casing manufactured by this manufacturing method can avoid the situation of cracking and improve the processing quality of the cryogenic treatment.
為使 貴審查委員對本發明之特徵及所達成之功效有更進一步之瞭解與認識，謹佐以較佳之實施例及配合詳細之說明，說明如後：
由於過往的工件在深冷處理的過程中存在諸多會產生變形和破裂等結構性損傷，故本發明為了克服該些技術問題，提出本發明以改善及解決相關課題。
首先，請參考第一圖，此圖是本發明的深冷處理方法之基本步驟流程；如圖所示，其步驟係包含：
步驟S1：置入一工件於一第一液體中；
步驟S2：結凍該第一液體於一第一溫度，形成一外殼包覆於該工件；
步驟S3：降溫處理具該外殼之該工件，使該工件降溫至一第二溫度；以及
步驟S4：取出該工件。
於本發明中，欲進行深冷處理的工件會先置入一第一液體中，此第一液體的量可隨工件的大小而輕易調整，只要能將工件完全包覆即可。此第一液體在選用上，以價格低廉、且在室溫中成液體狀的材質為佳，例如水或油。工件則是包含了諸如刀具、模具或是鑄件等待處理的材料。於本發明之一實施例中，可先將工件置入一槽體或者於一容器中，而槽體或者容器具有第一液體，如此即可讓第一液體完全包覆工件；或是部分包覆，也就是僅讓第一液體包覆工件需要處理之部分。
待工件被第一液體包覆後，接著就是將此工件連同包覆在外的第一液體進行冷凍（即降溫）處理，使第一液體在降溫至第一溫度時結凍。此第一溫度係為等於或小於本發明所選用第一液體之凝固點溫度，例如水之凝固點為273.15K，油則視其組成成份的碳鏈長度而有所差異，但約略為250K左右。另外，也可以透過添加一添加物於第一液體來改變其凝固點，添加物可選擇為一可溶於第一液體之溶質，例如將氯化鈉添加入水中以形成鹽水後，以30%濃度的鹽水而言，凝固點將從水的273.15K下降至252.15K。
請參考第二A圖，當第一液體因降溫至第一溫度而結凍後，其將形成一個包覆於工件1的外殼2，使工件1被固定於外殼2當中而不會輕易受外力影響或是移位，並且隔絕工件1與外界做直接接觸的可能，即外殼2可緩衝外界環境對工件1的影響。所以，外殼2具有保護與緩衝的功能。另外，除了外殼2具有第一溫度以外，受到熱傳導的作用，工件1也會逐漸降溫至與外殼2的第一溫度一致，達成熱平衡狀態。另外，若要對工件1做部分深冷處理，也可如第二B圖所示，僅讓第一液體部分包覆工件1的局部11，形成只保護局部11的外殼2。
待工件1受到外殼2的緩衝和保護後，即可以對工件1進行深冷處理。請參考第三圖，此時係將具外殼2的工件1進行降溫處理，使工件1降溫至第二溫度，第二溫度係低於第一溫度。於本發明之一實施例中，係將內含有工件1的外殼2直接投入一冷劑3當中；其中，冷劑3可選用液態氮、液態二氧化碳等，其具有非常低的溫度，可讓已具有第一溫度的外殼2再次大幅下降溫度至第二溫度，於本發明之一實施例中，此第二溫度即為冷劑3的凝結點溫度。在使用液態氮為冷劑3的狀況下，第二溫度係為74.65K，與第一溫度（若以鹽水為液體）之252.15K相差有177.5K的差距，因此當含有工件1的外殼2直接投入冷劑3時，外殼2將會急速降溫。上述使用冷劑3進行降溫處理僅是本發明之一實施例，並不限制本發明僅能以此方式進行降溫處理。此外，進行降溫處理的時間會依據工件1的材質、尺寸、形狀與降溫處理的方式而決定，其會依據實際需求而決定。
若工件1無外殼2的緩衝屏障，在冷劑3的作用下將會直接被急速降溫，此過程很可能會讓工件1變形或是受到金屬疲勞的影響而產生破裂。然而，本發明所揭示的深冷處理方法中，由於工件1有外殼2的緩衝屏障，因此工件1是透過外殼2的傳導而降溫，因而減緩了溫度下降的速度。在此緩衝調節之下，工件1在深冷處理的過程中不易變形或是破裂，可維持品質。此外，因為工件1被強制固定於外殼2內，所以可以避免工件1受到外力影響而發生移動或變形，如此可以提升深冷處理的加工品質。
另外，外殼2的厚度也可由使用者依據需求而自行控制，藉此可以控制降溫處理時的溫度下降速度，可避免外殼2或工件1發生裂痕或開裂。
深冷處理完成後，使用者可將工件1取出。此取出的方式或手段並無限定。本發明之一實施例中，於取出工件1時會同時進行回火處理。於進行回火處理時，係先融化外殼2，之後再加熱工件1。回火處理的方式與手段眾多，並無特定限定。本發明可選擇直接將含有工件1的外殼2從冷劑3中取出，放置於室溫當中做緩和升溫，讓外殼2在升溫至凝固點後融化，致使工件1與回復為液體狀的外殼2可輕易分離。也可在移出於冷劑3後，放置入一第二液體中，例如水中。為了提升融化速度，更可進一步對第二液體做加熱，使外殼2快速融化。之後，取出工件1再以其他方式升溫。在加熱第二液體的過程中，雖然外殼2融化的速度快，但因為外殼2具有緩衝作用，所以同時也降低了工件1的升溫速度，避免工件1直接在極低溫狀態接觸第二液體，或是不受保護地直接急速升溫，這兩種情形皆會讓工件1面臨如同直接急速降溫時可能發生的變形或是破裂等問題。所以，本發明之外殼2可保護工件1，使工件1避免急速降溫之冷震變形與急速升溫之熱震變形。於本發明之一實施例中，外殼2於第二液體中融化之後，工件1仍留於第二液體中，並繼續加熱第二液體至一第三溫度，該第三溫度係大於第一液體之凝固點，且小於或等於第二液體之沸點，可視工件1回火需求而設定。相同地，可以透過添加一添加物於第二液體來改變其沸點，添加物可選擇為一可溶於第二液體之溶質。
此外，本發明之回火之方式另可在包覆有外殼2的工件1移出於冷劑3後，放置入室溫油中，之後並加熱油，加熱一段時間後，取出工件1而自然冷卻。由上述可知，回火方式眾多，所以並不限制本發明僅能利用上述實施方式。
前述對於第一液體的溶質添加而降低凝固點的技術手段，在此升溫過程中會發生效果。當受外殼2包覆的工件1被投入沸水等加熱媒介後，此升溫的過程可分為兩個階段，其一為由第二溫度升溫至第一溫度，使外殼2融化，其二為外殼2已融化，而不受外殼2覆蓋的工件1直接透過沸水等加熱媒介由第一溫度持續增溫，使工件1與加熱媒介產生熱平衡。由於外殼2融化時，工件1會維持第一溫度一段時間後，才會從第一溫度持續增溫至最後目標溫度，因而可得到一持溫的效果，使工件2從第一溫度增溫至最後目標溫度所需時間拉長，如此回火速度較慢，此可避免工件1於回火過程發生變形或者破裂。因而，若使用者對第一液體添加溶質，而調整凝固點溫度，就可改變工件1的回火條件，此也是一種本發明保持工件1不會發生變形或是破裂的技術手段。
於本發明中，所使用包覆於工件1的外殼2在由液體狀凝固為固體狀時，可能會產生破裂，因此請參考第四圖，本發明在第一液體中可進一步加入添加物，該添加物係為一強化物4，因此可在第一液體結凍後提高外殼2的結構強度，並且還可透過選用不同的素材而改變外殼2的熱傳導係數，以調整外殼2導熱至工件1的能力。所以上述之添加物也可以作為一調節物，以調整外殼2的熱傳導係數。於本發明之一較佳實施例中，此強化物4的表面具有許多花紋、突起之粗糙面結構。本發明在使用強化物4時，並不限定同時只使用一種材料，而可以搭配使用不同材料的強化物4來分別對結構強化和熱傳導係數之改變來做調整。強化物4之材質可為金屬、高分子材料或天然纖維等。另外，強化物4在外殼2加熱而融化後，可以被直接回收再利用，有助於成本的控制。上述之強化物4可為條狀、板狀或者其他幾何形狀，較佳地，強化物4之外型為魚骨狀或樹枝狀，以提升外殼2的結構強度。
除了強化物4以外，請參考第五圖，工件1也可以先以氣泡薄膜5包覆。此氣泡薄膜5係為具有複數個封閉氣泡球的塑膠薄膜，可在外殼2形成時，提供緩衝空間讓工件1不會被外殼2因冷熱膨脹的作用力擠壓而變形，另外也可降低熱傳導係數，緩和工件1所受到的溫度變化速率。上述之氣泡薄膜5即作為調節物，用以調節外殼2之熱傳導係數。此外，此氣泡薄膜5可不需包覆於工件1而直接置入於第一液體中。另外，本發明亦可置入其他種類的調節物於第一液體中，以調節外殼2之熱傳導係數，例如空心球體等。
於本發明中，在深冷處理時可採分槽處理，也就是在降溫和升溫的各種不同階段中使用不同的處理槽，分別僅具有冷卻和加熱的功能，且不同冷卻槽和不同加熱槽的溫度皆不相同，如此分段冷卻工件1和分段加熱工件1時，可分別移動工件1到不同處理槽中，如此處理槽即可不需要大範圍升降溫度，而有利於規劃連續性的大規模工業生產模式，也可選用功能單純、簡單的處理槽，降低了深冷處理流程上的成本。
藉由使用本發明之深冷處理方法，工件在被施以深冷處理時，由於有外殼作為溫度變化的緩衝調控與保護，因此加工處理後的工件將可保持完整而不會變形或是破裂；此外，透過運用添加物（如溶質、強化物、調整物或是氣泡薄膜）的輔助，除了可調整外殼的凝固點、增加外殼的固化強度或是提供其體積膨脹的緩衝空間以外，也可藉此改變外殼的熱傳導係數來緩和工件受到的溫度變化速率。在能確保工件加工品質以及低成本優勢之下，本發明所揭示的實為提供一極具經濟價值的深冷處理方法與製造外殼的方法。
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，並非用來限定本發明實施之範圍，舉凡依本發明申請專利範圍所述之形狀、構造、特徵及精神所為之均等變化與修飾，均應包括於本發明之申請專利範圍內。
In order to provide a better understanding and understanding of the features of the present invention and the efficacies achieved, the preferred embodiments and detailed descriptions are provided as follows:
Since the past workpieces have many structural damages such as deformation and cracking during the cryogenic treatment, the present invention has been made to solve and solve the related problems.
First, please refer to the first figure, which is the basic step flow of the cryogenic processing method of the present invention; as shown in the figure, the steps include:
Step S1: inserting a workpiece into a first liquid;
Step S2: freezing the first liquid at a first temperature to form an outer casing covering the workpiece;
Step S3: cooling the workpiece with the outer casing to cool the workpiece to a second temperature; and step S4: taking out the workpiece.
In the present invention, the workpiece to be subjected to the cryogenic treatment is first placed in a first liquid, and the amount of the first liquid can be easily adjusted according to the size of the workpiece as long as the workpiece can be completely covered. The first liquid is preferably selected from the group consisting of a material which is inexpensive and which is liquid at room temperature, such as water or oil. The workpiece contains materials such as tools, molds or castings that are waiting to be processed. In an embodiment of the present invention, the workpiece may be first placed in a tank or in a container, and the tank or the container has a first liquid, so that the first liquid completely covers the workpiece; or part of the package Overlay, that is, the part that only needs to be treated by the first liquid covering the workpiece.
After the workpiece is coated with the first liquid, the workpiece is then frozen (ie, cooled) with the first liquid that is coated to freeze the first liquid when cooled to the first temperature. The first temperature is equal to or less than the freezing point temperature of the first liquid selected by the present invention. For example, the freezing point of water is 273.15 K, and the oil varies depending on the carbon chain length of its constituent components, but is about 250 K. In addition, it is also possible to change the freezing point of the first liquid by adding an additive, and the additive may be selected as a solute soluble in the first liquid, for example, after adding sodium chloride to water to form a brine, at a concentration of 30%. For salt water, the freezing point will drop from 273.15K to 252.15K.
Referring to FIG. 2A, when the first liquid is frozen due to the temperature drop to the first temperature, it will form a casing 2 covering the workpiece 1, so that the workpiece 1 is fixed in the casing 2 without being easily subjected to external force. Affecting or shifting, and isolating the possibility that the workpiece 1 is in direct contact with the outside world, that is, the outer casing 2 can buffer the influence of the external environment on the workpiece 1. Therefore, the outer casing 2 has a function of protection and buffering. Further, in addition to the first temperature of the outer casing 2, due to the heat conduction, the workpiece 1 is gradually cooled down to the first temperature of the outer casing 2 to achieve a thermal equilibrium state. Further, if the workpiece 1 is subjected to partial cryogenic treatment, as shown in FIG. B, only the first liquid portion may be partially covered with the portion 11 of the workpiece 1 to form the outer casing 2 which only protects the portion 11.
After the workpiece 1 is buffered and protected by the outer casing 2, the workpiece 1 can be cryogenically processed. Referring to the third figure, the workpiece 1 having the outer casing 2 is subjected to a temperature lowering process to cool the workpiece 1 to a second temperature, and the second temperature is lower than the first temperature. In an embodiment of the present invention, the outer casing 2 containing the workpiece 1 is directly put into a refrigerant 3; wherein the refrigerant 3 can be selected from liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, etc., which has a very low temperature and allows The outer casing 2 having the first temperature again drops the temperature substantially to the second temperature. In one embodiment of the invention, the second temperature is the condensation point temperature of the refrigerant 3. In the case where liquid nitrogen is used as the refrigerant 3, the second temperature system is 74.65 K, which is different from the first temperature (if the brine is liquid) by 252.15 K, which is 177.5 K, so when the outer casing 2 containing the workpiece 1 is directly When the refrigerant 3 is put in, the outer casing 2 will rapidly cool down. The above-described cooling treatment using the refrigerant 3 is only one embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention to only perform the temperature lowering treatment in this manner. In addition, the time for performing the temperature reduction process is determined according to the material, size, shape of the workpiece 1, and the manner of cooling treatment, which is determined according to actual needs.
If the workpiece 1 has no buffer barrier of the outer casing 2, it will be directly cooled rapidly under the action of the refrigerant 3. This process is likely to cause the workpiece 1 to be deformed or to be broken by the metal fatigue. However, in the cryogenic treatment method disclosed in the present invention, since the workpiece 1 has the buffer barrier of the outer casing 2, the workpiece 1 is cooled by the conduction of the outer casing 2, thereby slowing down the speed of temperature drop. Under this buffer adjustment, the workpiece 1 is not easily deformed or broken during the cryogenic treatment, and the quality can be maintained. Further, since the workpiece 1 is forcibly fixed in the outer casing 2, it is possible to prevent the workpiece 1 from being moved or deformed by the external force, so that the processing quality of the cryogenic treatment can be improved.
In addition, the thickness of the outer casing 2 can also be controlled by the user according to the demand, whereby the temperature drop speed during the temperature lowering process can be controlled, and the outer casing 2 or the workpiece 1 can be prevented from being cracked or cracked.
After the cryogenic treatment is completed, the user can take out the workpiece 1. The manner or means of this removal is not limited. In one embodiment of the present invention, the tempering process is performed simultaneously when the workpiece 1 is taken out. In the tempering process, the outer casing 2 is first melted, and then the workpiece 1 is heated. There are many ways and means for tempering, and there is no particular limitation. The invention can directly remove the outer casing 2 containing the workpiece 1 from the cold agent 3, and place it at room temperature for gentle warming, so that the outer casing 2 is melted after being heated to a freezing point, so that the workpiece 1 and the outer casing 2 returning to a liquid shape can be Easy to separate. It can also be placed in a second liquid, such as water, after removal of the coolant 3. In order to increase the melting speed, the second liquid is further heated to cause the outer casing 2 to melt rapidly. Thereafter, the workpiece 1 is taken out and then heated in other ways. In the process of heating the second liquid, although the outer casing 2 is melted at a high speed, since the outer casing 2 has a buffering effect, the temperature rising speed of the workpiece 1 is also lowered, and the workpiece 1 is prevented from directly contacting the second liquid at a very low temperature state, or It is a direct and rapid temperature rise without protection. In both cases, the workpiece 1 faces problems such as deformation or cracking that may occur when the temperature is directly lowered. Therefore, the outer casing 2 of the present invention can protect the workpiece 1 from the cold shock deformation of the rapid cooling and the thermal shock deformation of the rapid heating. In an embodiment of the invention, after the outer casing 2 is melted in the second liquid, the workpiece 1 remains in the second liquid and continues to heat the second liquid to a third temperature, the third temperature being greater than the first liquid The freezing point, which is less than or equal to the boiling point of the second liquid, can be set according to the tempering requirement of the workpiece 1. Similarly, the boiling point can be changed by adding an additive to the second liquid, and the additive can be selected to be a solute soluble in the second liquid.
Further, the tempering method of the present invention may be carried out after the workpiece 1 coated with the outer casing 2 is moved out of the cold agent 3, placed in a room temperature oil, and then heated, and after heating for a while, the workpiece 1 is taken out and naturally cooled. As described above, since there are many tempering methods, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
The above-mentioned technical means for reducing the freezing point by adding the solute of the first liquid causes an effect during the temperature rise. When the workpiece 1 covered by the outer casing 2 is put into a heating medium such as boiling water, the temperature rising process can be divided into two stages, one of which is to raise the temperature from the second temperature to the first temperature to melt the outer casing 2, and the second is the outer casing. 2 The workpiece 1 which has been melted without being covered by the outer casing 2 is directly heated by the first medium through a heating medium such as boiling water, so that the workpiece 1 and the heating medium are thermally balanced. When the outer casing 2 is melted, the workpiece 1 will maintain the first temperature for a period of time, and then the temperature is continuously increased from the first temperature to the final target temperature, so that a temperature holding effect can be obtained, and the workpiece 2 is warmed from the first temperature to The time required for the final target temperature is elongated, and the tempering speed is slower, which prevents the workpiece 1 from being deformed or broken during the tempering process. Therefore, if the user adds the solute to the first liquid and adjusts the freezing point temperature, the tempering condition of the workpiece 1 can be changed, which is also a technical means for keeping the workpiece 1 from deformation or cracking.
In the present invention, when the outer casing 2 coated on the workpiece 1 is solidified into a solid state, cracking may occur. Therefore, referring to the fourth figure, the present invention may further add an additive to the first liquid. The additive is a reinforcement 4, so that the structural strength of the outer casing 2 can be improved after the first liquid is frozen, and the heat transfer coefficient of the outer casing 2 can be changed by selecting different materials to adjust the heat conduction of the outer casing 2 to the workpiece 1. Ability. Therefore, the above additive can also be used as a regulator to adjust the heat transfer coefficient of the outer casing 2. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surface of the reinforcement 4 has a plurality of patterns and rough surface structures of the protrusions. When the reinforcement 4 is used in the present invention, it is not limited to use only one material at the same time, and the reinforcement 4 using different materials can be used to adjust the structural strengthening and the heat transfer coefficient, respectively. The material of the reinforcement 4 may be metal, polymer material or natural fiber. In addition, after the outer casing 2 is heated and melted, the reinforcement 4 can be directly recycled and reused, which contributes to cost control. The reinforcement 4 described above may be in the form of a strip, a plate or other geometric shapes. Preferably, the reinforcement 4 is shaped like a fishbone or a dendrites to enhance the structural strength of the outer casing 2.
In addition to the reinforcement 4, please refer to the fifth figure, and the workpiece 1 may be first covered with the bubble film 5. The bubble film 5 is a plastic film having a plurality of closed bubble balls, which can provide a buffer space when the outer casing 2 is formed, so that the workpiece 1 is not deformed by the pressing force of the outer casing 2 due to thermal expansion, and the heat conduction can be reduced. The coefficient mitigates the rate of temperature change experienced by the workpiece 1. The above-mentioned bubble film 5 serves as a regulator for adjusting the heat transfer coefficient of the outer casing 2. Further, the bubble film 5 can be directly placed in the first liquid without being coated on the workpiece 1. In addition, the present invention may also incorporate other kinds of modifiers in the first liquid to adjust the heat transfer coefficient of the outer casing 2, such as a hollow sphere or the like.
In the present invention, the cavitation treatment can be adopted during the cryogenic treatment, that is, different treatment tanks are used in various stages of temperature reduction and temperature rise, respectively, having only the functions of cooling and heating, and different cooling tanks and different heating tanks. The temperature is different. When the workpiece 1 is cooled and the workpiece 1 is heated in sections, the workpiece 1 can be moved to different treatment tanks separately, so that the treatment tank can be used without large-scale lifting temperature, and is advantageous for planning large-scale continuity. In the industrial production mode, it is also possible to use a simple and simple processing tank to reduce the cost of the cryogenic treatment process.
By using the cryogenic treatment method of the present invention, when the workpiece is subjected to cryogenic treatment, the processed workpiece can remain intact without being deformed or broken due to the buffer adjustment and protection of the outer casing as a temperature change; By using additives (such as solute, reinforcement, adjustment or bubble film), in addition to adjusting the freezing point of the outer casing, increasing the curing strength of the outer casing or providing a buffer space for its volume expansion, the outer casing can also be changed. The heat transfer coefficient to moderate the rate of temperature change experienced by the workpiece. Under the advantage of ensuring the processing quality of the workpiece and the low cost, the present invention provides a highly economical cryogenic treatment method and a method of manufacturing the outer casing.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the variations, modifications, and modifications of the shapes, structures, features, and spirits described in the claims of the present invention. All should be included in the scope of the patent application of the present invention.
1．．．工件1. . . Workpiece
11．．．局部11. . . Local
2．．．外殼2. . . shell
3．．．冷劑3. . . Cold agent
4．．．強化物4. . . Reinforcement
5．．．氣泡薄膜5. . . Bubble film
第一圖：其係為本發明之一較佳實施例之步驟流程圖；
第二A圖：其係為本發明之一較佳實施例之工件與外殼示意圖；
第二B圖：其係為本發明之一較佳實施例之工件與部分包覆之外殼示意圖；
第三圖：其係為本發明之一較佳實施例之工件深冷處理示意圖；
第四圖：其係為本發明之另一較佳實施例之添加強化物示意圖；以及
第五圖：其係為本發明之再一較佳實施例之使用氣泡薄膜示意圖。
First Figure: It is a flow chart of steps of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
2A is a schematic view of a workpiece and a casing according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
2B is a schematic view of a workpiece and a partially coated outer casing according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Third: it is a schematic diagram of cryogenic processing of a workpiece according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the addition of a reinforcement according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention; and a fifth drawing which is a schematic view of the use of a bubble film in accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
無。
no.
Claims (20)
置入一工件於一第一液體中；
結凍該第一液體於一第一溫度，形成一外殼包覆於該工件；
降溫處理具該外殼之該工件，使該工件降溫至一第二溫度；
以及取出該工件。A cryogenic treatment method, the steps of which include:
Inserting a workpiece into a first liquid;
Freezing the first liquid at a first temperature to form an outer casing covering the workpiece;
Cooling the workpiece with the outer casing to cool the workpiece to a second temperature;
And take out the workpiece.
添加一溶質於該第一液體。The cryogenic treatment method described in claim 1 of the patent application further includes the steps of:
A solute is added to the first liquid.
放置具該外殼之該工件於一冷劑中，使該工件降溫至該第二溫度。The cryogenic treatment method of claim 1, wherein the cooling treatment further comprises the steps of:
The workpiece with the outer casing is placed in a coolant to cool the workpiece to the second temperature.
回火處理該工件。The cryogenic treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the step of taking out the workpiece further comprises the steps of:
Tempering the workpiece.
融化該外殼；以及
加熱該工件。The cryogenic treatment method of claim 4, wherein the step of tempering further comprises the steps of:
Melting the outer casing; and heating the workpiece.
置入具該外殼之該工件於一第二液體中，以融化該外殼。The cryogenic treatment method of claim 5, wherein the step of melting the outer casing further comprises the steps of:
The workpiece with the outer casing is placed in a second liquid to melt the outer casing.
加熱該第二液體。The cryogenic treatment method described in claim 6 of the patent application further includes the steps of:
The second liquid is heated.
置入至少一強化物於該第一液體中，該強化物之表面係為粗糙面。The cryogenic treatment method described in claim 1 of the patent application further includes the steps of:
At least one reinforcement is placed in the first liquid, and the surface of the reinforcement is a rough surface.
置入至少一調節物於該第一液體中，以調節該第一液體之熱傳導係數。The cryogenic treatment method described in claim 1 of the patent application further includes the steps of:
At least one modifier is placed in the first liquid to adjust a heat transfer coefficient of the first liquid.
置入至少一氣泡薄膜於該第一液體中。The cryogenic treatment method described in claim 1 of the patent application further includes the steps of:
At least one bubble film is placed in the first liquid.
包覆一氣泡薄膜於該工件表面。The cryogenic treatment method described in claim 1 of the patent application further includes the steps of:
A bubble film is coated on the surface of the workpiece.
置入該工件於一液體中；
置入至少一添加物於該液體中；以及
結凍該液體，形成該外殼包覆於該工件。A method for manufacturing a cryogenically treated outer casing, wherein the outer casing is coated on a workpiece, and the steps of the manufacturing method comprise:
Placing the workpiece in a liquid;
At least one additive is placed in the liquid; and the liquid is frozen to form the outer casing to be coated on the workpiece.
置入一工件於一第一液體；
降溫該第一液體至一第一溫度，使該第一液體凝固，形成一外殼包覆於該工件；以及
降溫該外殼及該工件至一第二溫度。A cryogenic treatment method, the steps of which include:
Inserting a workpiece into a first liquid;
Cooling the first liquid to a first temperature, causing the first liquid to solidify to form an outer casing covering the workpiece; and lowering the outer casing and the workpiece to a second temperature.
將一第二液體包覆該外殼；以及
升溫該第二液體至一第三溫度。The cryogenic treatment method described in claim 18 of the patent application further includes the steps of:
Coating a second liquid to the outer casing; and heating the second liquid to a third temperature.
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