CN103667644A - Subzero treatment method and manufacturing method of outer casing thereof - Google Patents
Subzero treatment method and manufacturing method of outer casing thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103667644A CN103667644A CN201210341345.4A CN201210341345A CN103667644A CN 103667644 A CN103667644 A CN 103667644A CN 201210341345 A CN201210341345 A CN 201210341345A CN 103667644 A CN103667644 A CN 103667644A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a subzero treatment method and a manufacturing method of an outer casing thereof. An outer casing is firstly formed on the outer part of a workpiece to be subjected to subzero treatment by a freezing way; then, subzero treatment is carried out onto the outer casing; and finally, the workpiece is taken out. By virtue of buffering of the outer casing, temperature variation on the workpiece tends to be gentle, but not too slow, so that the workpiece can be ensured from being deformed or cracked in a subzero treatment process; and moreover, treatment time can be shortened to control cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacture method of a kind of cryogenic treating process and shell thereof, espespecially a kind of manufacture method of avoiding workpiece deformation or the cryogenic treating process breaking and shell thereof.
Background technology
Sub-zero treatment is according to the temperature height of sub-zero treatment, can divide into general sub-zero treatment (subzero 0 degree approximately Celsius～subzero 100 degree, Degree Kelvin 273.15K～173.15K namely) and two kinds of cryogenic treatments (about 173.15K is following), and the mode that this kind processed workpiece be based on steel after quenching residual approximately 2%～30% austenite (Austenite), the austenite being namely generally commonly called as (Retained Austenite), its content is looked steel grade and temper grade and is different.
Low strength due to austenite itself, when therefore its content in steel is more, the hardness of workpiece will be lower, and workpiece can or be added because of temperature change produce phase change man-hour have the change in size, therefore how to reduce the residual of austenite, be considerable in the art one problem.
In practice, be to take the methods such as tempering and sub-zero treatment at present, collocation reaches the object of eliminating residual austenite mutually.Consider temper softening phenomenon, do not make hardness decline and effectively reduce the residual of austenite if want, make it to change into abampere (Martensite), sub-zero treatment is most effectual way now.
In passing technology, if will carry out sub-zero treatment, a kind of technique means is the direct infusion method of liquid nitrogen, namely allows workpiece directly be immersed in liquid nitrogen, makes it moment to bear the low temperature of about 74.65K, and cooling rate is exceedingly fast; Yet in the process of this kind of sub-zero treatment, the surface of workpiece can produce small slight crack, or even directly deformation fracture, also can affect its fatigue lifetime.
Another kind of technique means is liquid nitrogen gasification method, and it is to allow workpiece directly not contact liquid nitrogen, but by liquid nitrogen atomization in groove, vaporization to take away the heat in treatment trough.The cooling rate of this kind of method is very gentle, so workpiece surface there will not be slight crack, but the speed that cooling heats up crosses and slowly can cause the treatment time to be elongated, thereby increased processing cost.And this kind for the treatment of facility needs additional temp to control feedback system, and cost is also high.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention, system provides a kind of cryogenic treating process, it avoids workpiece directly to contact cryogenic coolant, reduced the possibility that workpiece breaks, and while allowing workpiece be lowered the temperature and to heat up, can see through and be coated on outer shell and cushion, avoid the rapid variation of temperature and cause workpiece deformation or break, moreover shell can force fixation workpiece, and can avoid workpiece deformation or break.
Another object of the present invention, is that a kind of cryogenic treating process is provided, and it is with low cost, as long as use, such as water, the ordinary liquid of wet goods, can form shell.
A further object of the present invention, system provides a kind of manufacture method of shell of cryogenic treating process, it has the fortifier that adds tool uneven surface in liquid, can prevent that shell from breaking when solidifying, promote set strength simultaneously, and can further add instrumentality in liquid, to change the thermal conduction capability of shell; Also can be in advance with the coated workpiece of bubble film, the expansion space while producing liquid formation shell, reduces impact or compressing that workpiece can be subject to.
The present invention has disclosed a kind of cryogenic treating process, and its step system comprises inserts a workpiece in a first liquid, and this first liquid is coated this workpiece; Freeze this first liquid in one first temperature, form a shell and be coated on this workpiece; This workpiece of this shell of tool is processed in cooling, makes this workpiece be cooled to one second temperature; And take out this workpiece.Under so processing, can guarantee that workpiece can not be out of shape or break in the process of sub-zero treatment, and promote processing quality.
The present invention has disclosed a kind of manufacture method of shell of sub-zero treatment in addition, and its step system comprises inserts this workpiece in a liquid; Insert at least one additive in this liquid, the surface of this additive is uneven surface or has the function of adjusting this heat of liquid transmissibility factor; And this liquid that freezes, form this shell and be coated on this workpiece.The shell system that this manufacture method manufactures can avoid the situation of breaking, and promotes the processing quality of sub-zero treatment.
The beneficial effect of implementing the present invention's generation is: by cryogenic treating process of the present invention; workpiece is when being subjected to sub-zero treatment; due to the buffering regulation and control and protection that have shell as temperature variation, so the workpiece after processing treatment can keep complete and can not be out of shape or break.
In addition, see through and use the auxiliary of additive (as solute, fortifier, adjustment thing or bubble film), except the zero pour of capable of regulating shell,, increase the solidification intensity of shell or provide the cushioning pocket of its volumetric expansion, the heat-conduction coefficient that also can change by this shell relaxes the rate temperature change that workpiece is subject to.Can guarantee under workpiece processing quality and low-cost advantage, disclosed reality is for providing a cryogenic treating process that has an economic worth and the method for manufacturing shell.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: it is the flow chart of steps of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 A: it is workpiece and the shell schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 B: it is the coated shell schematic diagram of the workpiece of a preferred embodiment of the present invention and part;
Fig. 3: it is the workpiece sub-zero treatment schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4: the interpolation fortifier schematic diagram that it is another preferred embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 5: it is the use bubble film schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment more of the present invention.
[figure number is to as directed]
1 workpiece
11 parts
2 shells
3 cryogens
4 fortifiers
5 bubble films
Embodiment
For the effect that makes constitutional features of the present invention and reach has a better understanding and awareness, spy is by preferred embodiment and coordinate detailed explanation, is described as follows:
Because passing workpiece exists many meetings to produce distortion and the isostructuralism damage of breaking in the process of sub-zero treatment, therefore the present invention in order to overcome those technical problems, proposes the present invention with improvement and solves relevant problem.
First, please refer to Fig. 1, this figure is the basic step flow process of cryogenic treating process of the present invention; As shown in the figure, its step system comprises:
Step S1: insert a workpiece in a first liquid;
Step S2: this first liquid that freezes, in one first temperature, forms a shell and is coated on this workpiece;
Step S3: this workpiece of this shell of tool is processed in cooling, makes this workpiece be cooled to one second temperature; And
Step S4: take out this workpiece.
In the present invention, to want to carry out the workpiece of sub-zero treatment and can first insert in a first liquid, the amount of this first liquid can be adjusted easily with the size of workpiece, as long as can workpiece is completely coated.This first liquid, on selecting, be take cheap and becomes at room temperature liquid material as good, for example water or oil.Workpiece is to have comprised pending materials such as cutter, mould or foundry goods.In one embodiment of the invention, can first workpiece be inserted to a cell body or in a container, and cell body or container have first liquid, so can allow the completely coated workpiece of first liquid; Or part is coated, namely only allow the coated workpiece of first liquid need part to be processed.
After workpiece is coated by first liquid, be that this workpiece is carried out to freezing (i.e. cooling) processing together with being coated on outer first liquid with that, first liquid is freezed when being cooled to the first temperature.This first temperature is the freezing point temperature that is equal to or less than the selected first liquid of the present invention, and for example the zero pour of water is 273.15K, oily look the carbon chain lengths of its composition and difference to some extent, but 250K left and right approximately slightly.In addition, also can see through interpolation one additive and change its zero pour in first liquid, additive may be selected to be a solute that dissolves in first liquid, for example sodium-chlor is added in water to form after salt solution, with the salt solution of 30% concentration, zero pour drops to 252.15K by the 273.15K from water.
Please refer to Fig. 2 A, when first liquid is because of after being cooled to the first temperature and freezing, it will form a shell 2 that is coated on workpiece 1, workpiece 1 is fixed in the middle of shell 2 and can not affected by external force or be shifted, and isolated workpiece 1 is done the possibility directly contacting, i.e. shell 2 impacts of available buffer external environment on workpiece 1 with the external world.So shell 2 has protection and the function cushioning.In addition, except shell 2 has the first temperature, be subject to heat conducting effect, workpiece 1 also can be cooled to consistent with the first temperature of shell 2 gradually, reaches thermal equilibrium state.In addition, if will do part sub-zero treatment to workpiece 1, also can only allow first liquid partly be coated the part 11 of workpiece 1 as shown in Figure 2 B, form a shell 2 for only protection local 11.
After the buffering and protection that is subject to shell 2 until workpiece 1, can carry out sub-zero treatment to workpiece 1.Please refer to Fig. 3, is now by the workpiece of tool shell 21 processing of lowering the temperature, and makes workpiece 1 be cooled to the second temperature, and the second temperature system is lower than the first temperature.In one embodiment of the invention, be that the shell 2 that contains workpiece 1 is directly dropped in the middle of cryogens 3; Wherein, cryogen 3 can be selected liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide etc., and it has low-down temperature, can allow temperature to the second temperature that again declines to a great extent of the shell 2 with the first temperature, in one embodiment of the invention, this second temperature is the thawing point temperature of cryogen 3.Under the situation of using liquid nitrogen for cryogen 3, the second temperature is 74.65K, differ with the 252.15K of the first temperature (if take salt solution as liquid) gap that has 177.5K, therefore, when the shell 2 that contains workpiece 1 directly drops into cryogen 3, shell 2 will rapid cooling.Above-mentioned use cryogen 3 is lowered the temperature, and to process be only one embodiment of the invention, do not limit the present invention's processing of only lowering the temperature in this way.In addition, the mode that the time of processing of lowering the temperature can process according to the material of workpiece 1, size, shape and cooling and determining, it is understood and determine according to actual demand.
If workpiece 1, will be directly by rapid cooling under the effect of cryogen 3 without the buffering barrier of shell 2, this process allows workpiece 1 distortion or be subject to the impact of metal fatigue and produce and break possibly.Yet in disclosed cryogenic treating process, because workpiece 1 has the buffering barrier of shell 2, so workpiece 1 is to see through the conduction of shell 2 and lower the temperature, thereby slowed down the speed that temperature declines.Under this dash adjustment, workpiece 1 is not yielding or break in the process of sub-zero treatment, can maintain quality.In addition, because workpiece 1 is forced to be fixed in shell 2, so can avoid workpiece 1 to be subject to external force impact, is moved or is out of shape, so can promote the processing quality of sub-zero treatment.
In addition, the thickness of shell 2 also can be controlled according to demand voluntarily by user, and the temperature lowering speed in the time of can controlling by this cooling processing can avoid shell 2 or workpiece 1 that slight crack or cracking occur.
After sub-zero treatment completes, user can take out workpiece 1.The mode of this taking-up or means indefinite.In one embodiment of the invention, when taking out workpiece 1, can carry out temper simultaneously.When carrying out temper, be first to melt shell 2, reheat afterwards workpiece 1.Mode and the means of temper are numerous, there is no specific restriction.The present invention can select directly the shell that contains workpiece 12 to be taken out from cryogen 3, is positioned over to do to relax in the middle of room temperature to heat up, and allows shell 2 melt after being warming up to zero pour, causes workpiece 1 and the shell 2 of replying as liquid can delamination.Also can shift out after cryogen 3, be placed in a second liquid, for example, in water.In order to promote thawing speed, more can further second liquid be done and be heated, shell 2 is melted fast.Afterwards, taking out workpiece 1 otherwise heats up again.In the process of heating second liquid; although the speed that shell 2 melts is fast; but because shell 2 has shock absorption; so also reduced the heat-up rate of workpiece 1 simultaneously; avoid workpiece 1 directly at utmost point low-temperature condition contact second liquid; or protectorate does not directly heat up rapidly, contingent distortion or the problem such as break when these two kinds of situations all can allow workpiece 1 face as direct rapid cooling.So shell 2 of the present invention can be protected workpiece 1, make workpiece 1 avoid the cold shake distortion and the thermal shock distortion heating up rapidly of rapid cooling.In one embodiment of the invention, after shell 2 melts in second liquid, workpiece 1 still stays in second liquid, and continuation heating second liquid to the 3rd temperature, the 3rd temperature system is greater than the zero pour of first liquid, and the boiling point that is less than or equal to second liquid, visual workpiece 1 tempering demand and setting.In the same manner, can see through add an additive and change its boiling point in second liquid, additive may be selected to be a solute that dissolves in second liquid.
In addition, the mode of tempering of the present invention separately can shift out after cryogen 3 at the workpiece 1 that is coated with shell 2, is placed in room temperature oil, afterwards and heated oil, after heating for some time, takes out workpiece 1 and naturally cooling.From the above, tempering mode is numerous, so do not limit the present invention, only can not utilize above-mentioned embodiment.
The aforementioned solute for first liquid adds and falls subzero technique means, in this temperature-rise period, effect can occur.When being subject to the coated workpiece of shell 21 to be put into boiling water etc., add after thermal medium, the process of this intensification can be divided into two stages, one is for to be warming up to the first temperature by the second temperature, shell 2 is melted, it two has melted for shell 2, and be not subject to workpiece 1 that shell 2 covers directly to see through boiling water etc., do not add thermal medium and continued to heat by the first temperature, make workpiece 1 and add thermal medium and produce thermal equilibrium.While melting due to shell 2, workpiece 1 can maintain the first temperature after for some time, just can continue to heat to ideal temperature from the first temperature, thereby can obtain one and hold warm effect, make workpiece 2 heat to ideal temperature required time and elongate from the first temperature, so tempering speed is slower, and this can be avoided workpiece 1 deform or break in drawing process.Thereby, if user adds solute to first liquid, and adjust freezing point temperature, just can change the tempered condition of workpiece 1, this is also the technique means that a kind of holding workpiece of the present invention 1 can not deform or break.
In the present invention, use the shell 2 that is coated on workpiece 1 by liquid while being solidified as solid state, may produce and break, therefore please refer to Fig. 4, the present invention can further add additive in first liquid, and this additive is a fortifier 4, therefore can after first liquid freezes, improve the structural strength of shell 2, and can see through the heat-conduction coefficient of selecting different materials and changing shell 2, to adjust shell 2 heat conduction to the ability of workpiece 1.So above-mentioned additive also can be used as an instrumentality, to adjust the heat-conduction coefficient of shell 2.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface of this fortifier 4 has the uneven surface structure of many decorative patterns, projection.The present invention, when using fortifier 4, does not limit and only uses a kind of material simultaneously, and can arrange in pairs or groups, with the fortifier 4 of differing materials, comes respectively structure-reinforced and change heat-conduction coefficient to be adjusted.The material of fortifier 4 can be metal, macromolecular material or natural fiber etc.In addition, fortifier 4 after melting, can, by direct recycling, contribute to the control of cost in shell 2 heating.Above-mentioned fortifier 4 can be strip, tabular or other geometrical shape, and preferably, the external form of fortifier 4 is herring-bone form or dendroid, to promote the structural strength of shell 2.
Except fortifier 4, please refer to Fig. 5, workpiece 1 also can be first coated with bubble film 5.This bubble film 5 is the plastics film with a plurality of CAB balls, can be when shell 2 forms, provide cushioning pocket can because of the reactive force extruding of cold and hot expansion, be out of shape by shell 2 by workpiece 1, also can reduce heat-conduction coefficient in addition, relax the suffered rate temperature change of workpiece 1.Above-mentioned bubble film 5 is as instrumentality, in order to regulate the heat-conduction coefficient of shell 2.In addition, this bubble film 5 can not need to be coated on workpiece 1 and directly be placed in first liquid.In addition, the instrumentality that the present invention also can insert other kind is in first liquid, to regulate the heat-conduction coefficient of shell 2, such as hollow ball etc.
In the present invention, when sub-zero treatment, can adopt minute groove processes, namely in the various different stepss of cooling and intensification, use different treatment troughs, only there is respectively function cooling and heating, and the temperature of different cooling tanks and different heating groove is neither identical, when the cooling workpiece 1 of segmentation like this and zone heating workpiece 1, can distinguish travelling workpiece 1 in different treatment groove, so treatment trough can not need lifting temperature on a large scale, and be conducive to plan successional large-scale commercial production pattern, also optional simple by function, simple treatment trough, reduced the cost in sub-zero treatment flow process.
By using cryogenic treating process of the present invention, workpiece is when being subjected to sub-zero treatment, and due to the buffering regulation and control and protection that have shell as temperature variation, so the workpiece after processing treatment can keep complete and can not be out of shape or break; In addition, see through and use the auxiliary of additive (as solute, fortifier, adjustment thing or bubble film), except the zero pour of capable of regulating shell,, increase the solidification intensity of shell or provide the cushioning pocket of its volumetric expansion, the heat-conduction coefficient that also can change by this shell relaxes the rate temperature change that workpiece is subject to.Can guarantee workpiece processing quality and low-cost advantage under, disclosed reality is for providing a cryogenic treating process that has an economic worth and the method for manufacturing shell.
It is only above preferred embodiment of the present invention, not be used for limiting scope of the invention process, all equalizations of doing according to the shape described in the claims in the present invention scope, structure, feature and spirit change and modify, and all should be included within the scope of claim of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. a cryogenic treating process, is characterized in that, its step comprises:
Insert a workpiece in a first liquid;
Freeze this first liquid in one first temperature, form a shell and be coated on this workpiece;
This workpiece of this shell of tool is processed in cooling, makes this workpiece be cooled to one second temperature; And
Take out this workpiece.
2. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, more comprises step:
Add a solute in this first liquid.
3. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein this cooling is processed and further comprised step:
Place this workpiece of this shell of tool in a cryogen, make this workpiece be cooled to this second temperature.
4. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein in the step of taking out this workpiece, more comprises step:
This workpiece of temper.
5. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, wherein in the step of temper,
Further comprise step:
Melt this shell; And
Heat this workpiece.
6. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, wherein in the step of melting this shell,
Further comprise step:
Insert this workpiece of this shell of tool in a second liquid, to melt this shell.
7. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, further comprises step:
Heat this second liquid.
8. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 1, more comprises step:
Insert at least one fortifier in this first liquid, the surface of this fortifier is uneven surface.
9. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, more comprises step:
Insert at least one instrumentality in this first liquid, to regulate the heat-conduction coefficient of this first liquid.
10. the cryogenic treating process as described in the 1st of claim, is characterized in that, more comprises step:
Insert at least one bubble film in this first liquid.
11. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, more comprise step:
A coated bubble film is in this workpiece surface.
The manufacture method of the shell of 12. 1 kinds of sub-zero treatments, is characterized in that, wherein this shell is coated on a workpiece,
The step of this manufacture method comprises:
Insert this workpiece in a liquid;
Insert at least one additive in this liquid; And
This liquid that freezes, forms this shell and is coated on this workpiece.
13. manufacture method as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, wherein this liquid is water or oil.
14. manufacture method as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, wherein this additive is a fortifier, and to improve the structural strength of this shell, the surface of this fortifier is uneven surface.
15. manufacture method as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, wherein this additive is one to be dissolvable in water the solute of this liquid.
16. manufacture method as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, wherein this additive is an instrumentality, to regulate the heat-conduction coefficient of this liquid.
17. manufacture method as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, wherein this additive is a bubble film.
18. 1 kinds of cryogenic treating process, is characterized in that, its step comprises:
Insert a workpiece in a first liquid;
This first liquid to one the first temperature of lowering the temperature, solidifies this first liquid, forms a shell and is coated on this workpiece; And
Lower the temperature this shell and this workpiece to one the second temperature.
19. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that, more comprise step:
By coated this shell of a second liquid; And
This second liquid to one the 3rd temperature heats up.
20. cryogenic treating process as claimed in claim 19, it is characterized in that, wherein this first temperature is equal to or less than the zero pour of this first liquid, and this second temperature is lower than this first temperature, and the 3rd temperature is between the zero pour of this first liquid and the boiling point of this second liquid.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210341345.4A CN103667644A (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2012-09-11 | Subzero treatment method and manufacturing method of outer casing thereof |
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| CN201210341345.4A CN103667644A (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2012-09-11 | Subzero treatment method and manufacturing method of outer casing thereof |
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| CN103667644A true CN103667644A (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104975156A (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-14 | 财团法人金属工业研究发展中心 | Cryogenic treatment method |
| CN105728699A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Freeze casting apparatus and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1034760A (en) * | 1987-12-19 | 1989-08-16 | 上海水泵厂 | The complex-shaped part of large section ratio prevents the coating material of hardening crack |
| JPH03229816A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1991-10-11 | Tougou Seisakusho:Kk | Product setting method for subzero treatment |
| CN102329151A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-01-25 | 重庆文理学院 | Cryogenic treatment method for ceramic/metal ceramic cutting tool |
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2012
- 2012-09-11 CN CN201210341345.4A patent/CN103667644A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1034760A (en) * | 1987-12-19 | 1989-08-16 | 上海水泵厂 | The complex-shaped part of large section ratio prevents the coating material of hardening crack |
| JPH03229816A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1991-10-11 | Tougou Seisakusho:Kk | Product setting method for subzero treatment |
| CN102329151A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-01-25 | 重庆文理学院 | Cryogenic treatment method for ceramic/metal ceramic cutting tool |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104975156A (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-14 | 财团法人金属工业研究发展中心 | Cryogenic treatment method |
| CN105728699A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Freeze casting apparatus and method |
| CN105728699B (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Freeze casting apparatus and method |
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Application publication date: 20140326 |