TW201331375A - Method for determining state of a blast furnace bed - Google Patents
Method for determining state of a blast furnace bed Download PDFInfo
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本揭露是有關於一種高爐爐床狀況之判斷方法,且特別是有關於一種利用爐壁溫度來判斷高爐爐床狀況之方法。The present disclosure relates to a method for judging the condition of a blast furnace hearth, and more particularly to a method for determining the condition of a blast furnace hearth by using the wall temperature.
高爐冶煉係一種將鐵礦石還原成生鐵的連續生產過程。鐵礦石、焦炭和熔劑等固體原料根據爐況來從爐頂裝料裝置分批送入高爐,並使爐喉料面保持一定的高度。焦炭和礦石在爐內形成交替分層架構。礦石料在下降過程中逐步被還原、熔化成鐵和渣,聚集在爐床中,並分別從鐵口和渣口放出。Blast furnace smelting is a continuous production process that reduces iron ore to pig iron. Solid raw materials such as iron ore, coke and flux are fed into the blast furnace in batches from the top loading device according to the furnace conditions, and the dough surface is maintained at a certain height. Coke and ore form an alternating layered structure within the furnace. The ore material is gradually reduced, melted into iron and slag during the descending process, collected in the hearth, and discharged from the iron mouth and the slag port respectively.
在高爐冶煉的過程中,高爐爐床以及爐底碳磚會受到鐵渣流動之沖刷、化學熔蝕等作用而逐漸損耗,進而影響高爐的使用壽命。因此,業者無不致力於發展爐床狀況的監測技術,以減少爐床損耗的機會。然而,目前的爐床狀況監測技術不但需要複雜的系統設備,而且常常發生誤判的情形,因此需要一種較為準確的爐床狀況判斷方法,以確實地監測高爐爐床的狀況。In the process of blast furnace smelting, the blast furnace hearth and the bottom carbon brick will be gradually lost due to the action of the slag flow, chemical erosion and the like, thereby affecting the service life of the blast furnace. Therefore, the industry is committed to the development of monitoring technology for the condition of the hearth to reduce the chance of loss of the hearth. However, the current hearth condition monitoring technology not only requires complicated system equipment, but also often misjudgment, so a more accurate determination of the condition of the hearth is needed to reliably monitor the condition of the blast furnace hearth.
本發明之一方面是在提供於一種高爐爐床狀況之判斷方法,以供高爐操作人員監測高爐爐床之狀況,並提早採取適當的措施來避免高爐爐床受到嚴重的損害。One aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for judging the condition of a blast furnace hearth for the blast furnace operator to monitor the condition of the blast furnace hearth and to take appropriate measures to avoid serious damage to the blast furnace hearth.
根據本發明之一實施例,在此高爐爐床狀況之判斷方法中,首先利用溫度偵測裝置來量測高爐之第一爐壁位置和第二爐壁位置的溫度,以獲得二爐壁溫度值,其中第一爐壁位置與爐壁邊緣之距離係小於第二爐壁位置與爐壁邊緣之距離,而此爐壁邊緣為高爐之內壁邊緣。然後,計算此二爐壁溫度值之爐壁溫度差值。接著,進行爐床狀況判斷步驟,以利用爐壁溫度值之一者以及爐壁溫度差值相對於此爐壁溫度值之溫度差值變化趨勢來判斷高爐爐床是否發生異常狀況,其中此異常狀況為間隙產生狀況、爐壁過度耗損狀況以及爐壁過度結垢狀況之其中一者。According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the method for determining the condition of the blast furnace hearth, firstly, the temperature detecting device is used to measure the temperature of the first furnace wall position and the second furnace wall position of the blast furnace to obtain the temperature of the second furnace wall. The value, wherein the distance between the first furnace wall position and the edge of the furnace wall is smaller than the distance between the second furnace wall position and the edge of the furnace wall, and the edge of the furnace wall is the inner wall edge of the blast furnace. Then, the wall temperature difference of the two furnace wall temperature values is calculated. Next, a hearth condition judging step is performed to determine whether an abnormal condition of the blast furnace hearth occurs by using one of the furnace wall temperature values and a temperature difference of the furnace wall temperature difference with respect to the temperature value of the furnace wall, wherein the abnormality occurs. The condition is one of the condition of the gap generation, the excessive wear of the furnace wall, and the excessive fouling of the furnace wall.
由上述說明可知,本發明實施例之高爐爐床狀況判斷方法係利用爐壁溫度與爐壁溫度差值的變化趨勢來判斷高爐爐床是否發生異常狀況,而且本發明實施例之高爐爐床狀況判斷方法不但可判斷出高爐爐床的殘厚減少,還可判斷出高爐爐壁搗固材出現間隙以及高爐爐壁結垢等狀況,以使高爐操作人員能確實了解高爐爐床的狀況並採取適當的處理措施。It can be seen from the above description that the method for determining the condition of the blast furnace hearth according to the embodiment of the present invention determines whether an abnormal condition of the blast furnace hearth occurs by using a change trend of the difference between the furnace wall temperature and the furnace wall temperature, and the blast furnace hearth condition of the embodiment of the present invention The judgment method can not only judge the residual thickness of the blast furnace hearth, but also judge the gap between the blast furnace wall tamping material and the scaling of the blast furnace wall, so that the blast furnace operator can truly understand the condition of the blast furnace hearth and take Proper treatment.
請同時參照第1圖和第1A圖,第1圖係繪示根據本發明實施例之高爐冶煉系統100的結構示意圖,第1A圖係繪示第1圖中之虛框中的高爐爐體放大結構示意圖。高爐冶煉系統100包含高爐爐體110、溫度偵測裝置120以及電腦系統130。高爐爐體110的爐壁包含金屬外殼112、搗固材114以及耐火材116,其中搗固材114係設置於金屬外殼112與耐火材116之間。在本實施例中,耐火材116之材質可為碳化矽磚或耐火黏土磚,但本發明之實施例並不受限於此。Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 1A simultaneously. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a blast furnace smelting system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the blast furnace body in the virtual frame of FIG. Schematic. The blast furnace smelting system 100 includes a blast furnace body 110, a temperature detecting device 120, and a computer system 130. The furnace wall of the blast furnace body 110 includes a metal outer casing 112, a tamping material 114, and a refractory material 116, wherein the tamping material 114 is disposed between the metal outer casing 112 and the refractory material 116. In the present embodiment, the material of the refractory material 116 may be a carbonized brick or a refractory clay brick, but the embodiment of the invention is not limited thereto.
溫度偵測裝置120係設置於爐床之爐壁中,以量測爐床爐壁之耐火材116中A點和B點的溫度。在本發明之實施例中,溫度偵測裝置120包含兩熱電偶,此兩熱電偶係分別插入至耐火材116中A點和B點的位置,以量測其溫度,然而本發明之實施例並不受限於此。The temperature detecting device 120 is disposed in the furnace wall of the hearth to measure the temperatures of points A and B in the refractory material 116 of the hearth wall of the hearth. In the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature detecting device 120 includes two thermocouples, which are respectively inserted into the positions of points A and B of the refractory material 116 to measure the temperature thereof. However, the embodiment of the present invention Not limited to this.
在第1A圖中,位置A與爐壁邊緣E(高爐內側邊緣)間之距離係以D1來標示,位置B與爐壁邊緣E(高爐內側邊緣)間之距離係以D2來標示,而距離D1係小於距離D2。另外,在本實施例中,位置A和位置B所形成之虛擬直線係垂直於爐壁邊緣E,但本發明之實施例並不受限於此。In Figure 1A, the distance between the position A and the edge E of the furnace wall (the inner edge of the blast furnace) is indicated by D1, and the distance between the position B and the edge E of the furnace wall (the inner edge of the blast furnace) is indicated by D2, and the distance is D1 is smaller than the distance D2. Further, in the present embodiment, the virtual straight line formed by the position A and the position B is perpendicular to the edge E of the furnace wall, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
電腦系統130係利用有線或無線之方式來電性連接至溫度偵測裝置124,以利用位置A和位置B的溫度值來判斷出高爐爐床狀況,並告知高爐操作人員目前高爐爐床的狀況。在本實施例中,電腦系統130為高爐之程控電腦,但本發明之實施例並不受限於此。The computer system 130 is electrically connected to the temperature detecting device 124 by wire or wireless to determine the condition of the blast furnace hearth by using the temperature values of the position A and the position B, and informs the blast furnace operator of the current state of the blast furnace hearth. In the present embodiment, the computer system 130 is a program-controlled computer of the blast furnace, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
請參照第2圖,其係繪示根據本發明實施例之高爐爐床狀況之判斷方法200的流程示意圖。在高爐爐床狀況之判斷方法200中,首先進行溫度偵測步驟210,以利用溫度偵測裝置124來量測爐壁位置A和爐壁位置B之溫度值,而獲得二個爐壁溫度值TA和TB,其中溫度值TA係代表爐壁位置A之溫度值,而溫度值TB係代表爐壁位置B之溫度值TB。然後,進行溫度差值計算步驟220,以利用電腦系統130來計算此二爐壁溫度值之差值。接著,進行爐床狀況判斷步驟230,以利用爐壁位置A和爐壁位置B中之一者的溫度值以及爐壁溫度差值相對於此溫度值之變化趨勢來判斷高爐爐床是否發生異常狀況。Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a flow chart showing a method 200 for judging the condition of a blast furnace hearth according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the blast furnace hearth condition determination method 200, a temperature detecting step 210 is first performed to measure the temperature values of the furnace wall position A and the furnace wall position B by using the temperature detecting device 124 to obtain two furnace wall temperature values. TA and TB, wherein the temperature value TA represents the temperature value of the furnace wall position A, and the temperature value TB represents the temperature value TB of the furnace wall position B. Then, a temperature difference calculation step 220 is performed to calculate the difference between the temperature values of the two walls using the computer system 130. Next, the hearth condition determination step 230 is performed to determine whether the blast furnace hearth is abnormal by using the temperature value of one of the furnace wall position A and the furnace wall position B and the variation trend of the furnace wall temperature difference with respect to the temperature value. situation.
請參照第3圖和第4圖,第3圖係繪示根據本發明實施例之爐床狀況判斷步驟230的流程示意圖,第4圖係繪示根據本發明實施例之爐床狀況指標相對於溫度值TB之變化趨勢的曲線示意圖。在爐床狀況判斷步驟230中,首先進行指標計算步驟232,以計算爐壁溫度差值與爐壁溫度值之一者(例如爐壁位置B的溫度值TB)之比值,以獲得爐床狀況指標GI,其中GI可表示如下:Please refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the hearth condition judging step 230 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the condition of the hearth according to the embodiment of the present invention. A schematic diagram of the trend of the change in temperature value TB. In the hearth condition determination step 230, an index calculation step 232 is first performed to calculate a ratio of a difference between the furnace wall temperature and the furnace wall temperature value (for example, the temperature value TB of the furnace wall position B) to obtain a hearth condition. Indicator GI, where GI can be expressed as follows:
GI=TB/(TA-TB)GI=TB/(TA-TB)
接著,進行趨勢計算步驟234,以計算爐床狀況指標GI相對於溫度值TB的變化趨勢。如第3圖所示,若高爐當前溫度狀態係位於起始點O,當溫度值TB增加時,爐床狀況指標GI可隨著溫度值TB增加或減少,並形成趨勢曲線Q1或Q2。類似地,當溫度值TB減少時,爐床狀況指標GI可隨著溫度值TB增加或減少,並形成趨勢曲線Q3或Q4。Next, a trend calculation step 234 is performed to calculate a change trend of the hearth condition index GI with respect to the temperature value TB. As shown in Fig. 3, if the current temperature state of the blast furnace is at the starting point O, when the temperature value TB is increased, the hearth condition indicator GI may increase or decrease with the temperature value TB, and form a trend curve Q1 or Q2. Similarly, when the temperature value TB decreases, the hearth condition indicator GI may increase or decrease with the temperature value TB and form a trend curve Q3 or Q4.
然後,進行判斷步驟236,以根據該爐床狀況指標GI之變化趨勢和預設之變化閥值來判斷高爐爐床是否發生異常狀況。例如,當爐床狀況指標GI隨著溫度值TB增加而增加(趨勢曲線Q1),且爐床狀況指標GI的變化值超過預設的閥值時,判斷目前高爐爐壁中的搗固材114有間隙發生,而此為異常狀態。故,進行警告步驟238a來發出警告訊息,以通知高爐操作人員搗固材114有間隙發生,而高爐操作人員可據此來採取適當的處理措施。Then, a judging step 236 is performed to determine whether an abnormal condition of the blast furnace hearth occurs according to the change trend of the hearth condition indicator GI and the preset change threshold. For example, when the hearth condition indicator GI increases as the temperature value TB increases (trend curve Q1), and the change value of the hearth condition indicator GI exceeds a preset threshold, the tamping material 114 in the current blast furnace wall is judged. A gap occurs and this is an abnormal state. Therefore, a warning step 238a is issued to issue a warning message to inform the blast furnace operator that a gap has occurred in the tamping material 114, and the blast furnace operator can take appropriate measures accordingly.
又例如,當爐床狀況指標GI隨著溫度值TB增加而減少(趨勢曲線Q2),且爐床狀況指標GI的變化值超過預設的閥值時,判斷目前高爐爐壁的厚度減少(耐火材116過度耗損),而此為異常狀態。故,進行警告步驟238b來發出警告訊息,以通知高爐操作人員高爐爐壁的厚度減少,而高爐操作人員可據此採取適當的處理措施,例如灌漿填補。For another example, when the hearth condition index GI decreases as the temperature value TB increases (trend curve Q2), and the change value of the hearth condition indicator GI exceeds a preset threshold, it is judged that the thickness of the current blast furnace wall is reduced (refractory Material 116 is excessively depleted), and this is an abnormal state. Therefore, a warning step 238b is issued to issue a warning message to inform the blast furnace operator that the thickness of the blast furnace wall is reduced, and the blast furnace operator can take appropriate treatment measures such as grout filling.
又例如,當爐床狀況指標GI隨著溫度值TB減少而增加(趨勢曲線Q3),且爐床狀況指標GI的變化值超過預設的閥值時,判斷目前高爐爐壁上有過多的結垢,而此為異常狀態。故,進行警告步驟238c來發出警告訊息,以通知高爐操作人員高爐爐壁上有過多的結垢,而高爐操作人員可據此採取適當的處理措施。For another example, when the hearth condition indicator GI increases as the temperature value TB decreases (trend curve Q3), and the change value of the hearth condition indicator GI exceeds a preset threshold, it is judged that there are too many knots on the blast furnace wall. Scale, and this is an abnormal state. Therefore, a warning step 238c is issued to issue a warning message to inform the blast furnace operator that there is excessive scaling on the blast furnace wall, and the blast furnace operator can take appropriate measures accordingly.
在本發明之實施例中,爐床狀況指標GI所對應的變化閥值可隨著趨勢曲線的不同而有所不同。例如,當爐床狀況指標GI的變化趨勢曲線為Q1時,爐床狀況指標GI可對應至一預設變化閥值,而當爐床狀況指標GI的變化趨勢曲線為Q2時,爐床狀況指標GI可對應至另一預設變化閥值,如此本發明實施例之高爐爐床狀況之判斷方法200可更精確地判斷爐床是否出現異常狀況。In an embodiment of the invention, the change threshold corresponding to the hearth condition indicator GI may vary from trend to curve. For example, when the change trend curve of the hearth condition index GI is Q1, the hearth condition indicator GI may correspond to a preset change threshold, and when the change trend curve of the hearth condition indicator GI is Q2, the hearth condition indicator The GI can correspond to another preset change threshold, so that the method 260 of the blast furnace hearth condition of the embodiment of the present invention can more accurately determine whether the hearth has an abnormal condition.
另外,當爐床狀況指標GI也有可能隨著溫度值TB減少而減少(趨勢曲線Q4),此變化趨勢代表高爐的冰水機正在對爐壁進行冷卻動作。由於冰水機的開啟為正常操作,因此,當爐床狀況指標GI的變化趨勢為曲線Q4時,並不將其視為異常狀態。In addition, when the hearth condition indicator GI is also likely to decrease as the temperature value TB decreases (trend curve Q4), this trend indicates that the blast furnace chiller is cooling the furnace wall. Since the opening of the chiller is normal operation, when the change trend of the hearth condition index GI is the curve Q4, it is not regarded as an abnormal state.
值得注意的是,雖然上述實施例之爐床狀況指標GI係以TB/(TA-TB)來表示,但在本發明之其他實施例中,爐床狀況指標GI亦可以TA/(TA-TB)、(TA-TB)/TB等方式來表示,而當爐床狀況指標GI的表示方式改變後,各趨勢曲線所對應的異常狀況也可能會跟著改變,但本發明所屬技術領域中任何具有通常知識者應可根據上述說明來得知各趨勢曲線所對應的異常狀況。It should be noted that although the hearth condition index GI of the above embodiment is expressed by TB/(TA-TB), in other embodiments of the present invention, the hearth condition indicator GI can also be TA/(TA-TB). ), (TA-TB)/TB, etc., and when the representation of the hearth condition indicator GI is changed, the abnormal condition corresponding to each trend curve may also change, but any of the technical fields in the present invention have Generally, the knowledge person should be able to know the abnormal condition corresponding to each trend curve according to the above description.
綜合以上所述,本發明實施例之高爐爐床狀況之判斷方法係建立爐床狀況指標GI,並利用爐床狀況指標GI與高爐爐壁(爐床爐壁)的溫度變化關係來判斷目前爐床是否有異常狀況發生。本發明實施例之電腦系統130亦可將爐床狀況指標GI的變化趨勢畫成圖形,並藉由爐床狀況指標GI在各取樣點的移動距離來做到半定量的分析,以供高爐操作人員適時採取正確的因應措施來保護高爐,使高爐的使用壽命能被有效地延長。In summary, the method for determining the condition of the blast furnace hearth according to the embodiment of the present invention establishes the hearth condition index GI, and uses the relationship between the hearth condition index GI and the temperature change of the blast furnace wall (the hearth wall) to judge the current furnace. Whether the bed has an abnormal condition. The computer system 130 of the embodiment of the present invention can also graph the change trend of the hearth condition index GI, and perform semi-quantitative analysis by the moving distance of the hearth condition indicator GI at each sampling point for the blast furnace operation. Personnel should take corrective measures to protect the blast furnace in a timely manner so that the service life of the blast furnace can be effectively extended.
雖然本發明已以數個實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,在本發明所屬技術領域中任何具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。While the invention has been described above in terms of several embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and the invention may be practiced in various embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
100...高爐冶煉系統100. . . Blast furnace smelting system
110...高爐爐體110. . . Blast furnace body
112...金屬外殼112. . . metal shell
120...溫度偵測裝置120. . . Temperature detecting device
130...電腦系統130. . . computer system
114...搗固材114. . . Solid material
116...耐火材116. . . Refractory
200...爐床狀況判斷方法200. . . Hearth condition judgment method
210...溫度偵測步驟210. . . Temperature detection step
220...溫度差值計算步驟220. . . Temperature difference calculation step
230...爐床狀況判斷步驟230. . . Hearth condition judgment step
232...指標計算步驟232. . . Indicator calculation step
234...趨勢計算步驟234. . . Trend calculation step
236...判斷步驟236. . . Judgment step
238a~238c...警告步驟238a~238c. . . Warning step
A、B...溫度量測點A, B. . . Temperature measurement point
D1、D2...溫度量測點距離D1, D2. . . Temperature measurement point distance
E...爐壁邊緣E. . . Furnace wall edge
Q1~Q4...趨勢曲線Q1~Q4. . . Trend curve
為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂,上文特舉數個較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下:The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and understood.
第1圖係繪示根據本發明實施例之高爐冶煉系統的結構示意圖。1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a blast furnace smelting system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第1A圖係繪示第1圖之虛框中的高爐爐體放大結構示意圖。Fig. 1A is a schematic view showing the enlarged structure of the blast furnace body in the virtual frame of Fig. 1.
第2圖係繪示根據本發明實施例之高爐爐床狀況之判斷方法的流程示意圖。2 is a flow chart showing a method for judging the condition of a blast furnace hearth according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第3圖係繪示根據本發明實施例之爐床狀況判斷步驟的流程示意圖。Fig. 3 is a flow chart showing the steps of determining the condition of the hearth according to the embodiment of the present invention.
第4圖係繪示根據本發明實施例之爐床狀況指標相對於溫度值之變化趨勢的曲線示意圖。Fig. 4 is a graph showing a curve of a change in the condition of the hearth relative to the temperature value according to an embodiment of the present invention.
200...爐床狀況判斷方法200. . . Hearth condition judgment method
210...溫度偵測步驟210. . . Temperature detection step
220...溫度差值計算步驟220. . . Temperature difference calculation step
230...爐床狀況判斷步驟230. . . Hearth condition judgment step
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TWI563096B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-12-21 | China Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for monitoring blast furnace smelting |
TWI576436B (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2017-04-01 | 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 | Method for estimating thickness of furnace and cooling system using the same |
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TWI576436B (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2017-04-01 | 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 | Method for estimating thickness of furnace and cooling system using the same |
TWI563096B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-12-21 | China Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for monitoring blast furnace smelting |
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