TW201330292A - 藉由在脫離膜上面之嵌埋用液體之作用來製造pv-psa組合件,以及利用彼來製造pv模組 - Google Patents
藉由在脫離膜上面之嵌埋用液體之作用來製造pv-psa組合件,以及利用彼來製造pv模組 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明描述製造適於以透明塑膠或玻璃製造PV模組之包含PV電池及彈性自黏著嵌埋組成物的組合件(PV-PSA組合件)之方法。
Description
本發明係關於嵌埋有結晶或薄膜光伏打(PV)電池之壓感性黏著劑(PSA)薄片的製造,及該組合件用於製造PV模組或半成品PV產物之用途。
光伏打模組從再生能源之最重要來源的陽光獲得能源,其具有極大經濟及技術利益。
製造習用玻璃PV模組之操作通常意味著在約140℃之溫度下於真空下層壓由玻璃、EVA薄片、PV串、EVA薄片及玻璃或背襯薄片之堆疊的層壓步驟。
該層壓步驟費時且昂貴(高溫、長循環時間、真空)。DE專利申請案第102010030074.8號描述使用PSA製造塑膠PV模組之合理冷層壓法,藉由類比法亦可將其轉換成玻璃PV模組。
因此,該方法甚至可以遠具成本效益之方式製造習用玻璃PV模組。
DE專利申請案第102010062563.0號描述PV-PSA組合件之製造,該PV-PSA組合件可層壓至任何所希望表面上,該等表面之實例為塑膠板或薄片,或所形成模組之障壁薄片。
現已發現,若在第一步驟中完成以液態反應性介質將PV串嵌埋在脫離膜或轉移膜上來製造PV-PSA組合件尤其有利。用於本發明目的之脫離膜意指在完成工作步驟之後再次移除之薄片。在將反應性介質聚合以形成PSA之
後,可在下游步驟中再次移除脫離膜,且以第二層該反應性介質代替,如此完成PV串之嵌埋。本發明內容中之反應性介質意指單體之可聚合混合物或預聚合物與單體之可聚合混合物。
DE 39 24 393(Röhm GmbH)描述不含塑化劑之永久彈性且壓感性黏著劑。黏著劑係由從含胺基、單乙烯系不飽和之可自由基聚合單體及(甲基)丙烯酸之烷酯合成的非交聯共聚物所組成。
DE 196 53 605(Röhm GmbH)描述由55重量%至99.9重量%之結構及官能性(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體所組成之黏著劑,該官能性單體具有三級或四級胺基,且該黏著劑另外包含0.1重量%至45重量%之含有酸基之丙烯酸酯或(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物,且亦包含塑化劑。
DE 196 53 606(Röhm GmbH)描述由55重量%至99.9重量%之結構及官能性(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體所組成之黏著劑,該官能性單體具有三級或四級胺基,且該黏著劑另外包含0.1重量%至15重量%之有機二羧酸或三羧酸,且亦包含塑化劑。
本發明之目的如下:
1.發展製造成本相對於先前技術大幅降低之PV模組,
2.發展循環時間相對於先前技術大幅減少之PV模組,
3.發展接合組件時需要少許或不需要能源供應之PV模組的製造方法,
4.若可能,發展接合組件時不需要真空之PV模組的製造方法,
5.將PV串嵌埋在永久彈性壓感性黏著劑(PSA)膜且無氣泡,
6.壓感性黏著劑膜之極薄層,及
7.具有PV模組之頂面及底面之PV-PSA組合件的簡單構造。
8.發展組合件之捲對捲的連續製造方法。
本發明目的係如下列實例中獲致:
1.具有脫離膜之PV-PSA組合件的示意構造;見圖1:脫離膜(1a)或透明前薄片(1b)/PV-PSA組合件(2),其係由下列者構成:彈性中間層(2a)/PV串(2b)/彈性中間層(2c)/脫離膜(3a)或背襯薄片(3b)
2. PV模組之示意構造;見圖2:
塑膠或玻璃板或透明障壁薄片(1)/PV-PSA組合件(2),其係由下列者構成:彈性中間層(2a)/PV串(2b)/彈性中間層(2c)/背襯或背襯薄片(3)
PV-PSA組合件(2)對於基材(1)及(3)必須具有良好黏著,且彈性中間層(2a及2b)亦對於PV串(2b)必須具有良好黏著性。
視需要,使用底漆作為黏著促進劑可改善黏著。彈性中間層之適用材料的實例為丙烯酸酯(得自Lohmann之DuploColl® VP20618或CPT 3000)、聚矽氧(得自Wacker之Silgel® 612)或聚胺基甲酸酯(得自Sonderhoff之Fermadur®-A-180-1-VP1/-B-180)。
適於作為前薄片或障壁層者係透明或不透明聚合物膜,其隨意地具有促進黏著之塗層(實例為PET,例如Tritan® FX 100(Eastman);PVF,例如Tedlar®(DuPont);ETFE,例如LightSwitch®CT1 S(Saint-Gobain Solar);PMMA,例如PLEX® 8943 F(Evonik Röhm GmbH))。
適於作為前板者不只是由無機玻璃所製成之玻璃板,亦可為透明塑膠板,例如聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、聚碳酸酯及其他,其隨意地結合促進黏著用之塑膠,彼等視需要配備有UV保護層。
基材(3)可為塑膠板(厚度:0.5 mm至2 cm;亦可隨意地使用較厚之板),聚合膜(0.01 mm至低於0.5 mm)或無機玻璃。
2. PV-PSA組合件(見圖1)之製造於數階段中進行:
2.1.將PV串(2b)放置於脫離膜上,其隨意地位在支撐板上,
2.2.製造厚度約0.05 mm至2.0 mm之PSA膜(彈性中間層2c),
2.2.1將預聚合物/單體混合物施加於位在該脫離膜上之PV串,
2.2.2將該預聚合物/單體混合物聚合且交聯以形成彈性中間層(2c)
2.3.將該PSA膜層壓至另一脫離膜(3a)或層壓至背襯薄片(3b)
2.4.翻轉該單側塗覆之PV-PSA層壓件
2.5.移除該先前在底側的脫離膜
2.6.製造厚度為約0.05 mm至2 mm之PSA膜(彈性中間層2a)(頂面)
2.6.1將預聚合物/單體混合物施加於該PV-PSA層壓件之未經塗覆側
2.6.2將該預聚合物/單體混合物聚合且交聯以形成彈性中間層(2a)
2.7.將該頂面襯以層壓薄片(1a)或透明前薄片(1b)
當使用撓性薄膜電池時,呈此種形式之PV-PSA層壓件可例如作為捲狀產物運送。
或者,PV-PSA組合件亦可直接層壓至玻璃或塑膠板上,或層壓至障壁薄片上,如圖3所示。
3.製造PV模組(圖2)之方法係藉由在中等溫度範圍(約15℃至45℃)中將PV-PSA層壓件層壓至所提及的基材。原則上,可能使用任何所希望之基材作為前板或背襯。若必要,該等基材可配備有黏著促進塗層,以供改善在該基材上的結合強度。
當使用具有撓性薄膜電池之PV-PSA層壓件時,層壓可有利地於無真空之滾筒層壓器中進行,層壓至例如玻璃板上或透明塑膠板上。
或者可在真空層壓器中施加具有結晶電池之PV-PSA層壓件。
PV模組係於數個階段中製造:
1.1.剝離PV-PSA層壓件之頂面或底面上的脫離膜。
1.2.進料該PV-PSA層壓件且滾筒層壓至基材(1或3)上。
下列步驟為隨意的:
1.3.剝離剩餘之脫離膜。
1.4.進料且滾筒層壓至基材(1或3)上。
或者:
1.1.剝離PV-PSA層壓件之頂面或底面上的脫離膜。
1.2.在真空層壓器裝入基材(1或3)及PV-PSA層壓件,彼等保持一定距離,使該層壓件之開放的PSA黏著劑層面向該基材。
1.3.將該層壓器及基材與PV-PSA層壓件之組合件抽至真空。
1.4.引入空氣且移出PV模組。
下列步驟為隨意的:
1.5.剝離剩餘之脫離膜。
1.6.在真空層壓器裝入基材(1或3)及PV-PSA層壓件,彼等保持一定距離。
1.7.將該層壓器及基材與PV-PSA層壓件之組合件抽空。
1.8.引入空氣且移出PV模組
所得之半成品PV產物或PV模組製造後,接著進行完工作業,諸如將安裝電接點及安裝連接插座。
ETFE 乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物
EVA 乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物
PC 聚碳酸酯
PET 聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯
PMMA 聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯
PSA 壓感性黏著劑
PV 光伏打
PVF 聚偏二氟乙烯
使用雙面膠帶將商用單側塗覆特夫綸之紙(脫離膜)固定於安定載體板上。
黏附至塗覆特夫綸之紙係從聚合物膜所製成的0.5 mm厚框架。放置經焊接撓性PV電池(在不鏽鋼箔上之CIGS電池;CIGS(以及CIGSSe或CIS)代表Cu(ln,Ga)(S,Se)2且為太陽能電池之薄膜技術,其為下列所使用之元素的縮寫:銅、銦、鎵、硫及硒。在應用時,使用該等元素之不同組合:重要實例為Cu(ln,Ga)Se2(銅-銦-鎵二硒化物)或CuInS2(銅銦二硫化物))串,使其光活性側向上朝該框架所環繞的區域。在該區域邊緣施加預混合之反應性樹脂(例如,聚矽氧,Silgel 612 A/B=1/1),且使用刮刀刮平。在交聯反應(於室溫下約1至2小時)之後,移除該框架,將一片聚乙烯/鋁複合物薄片(背襯薄片)滾於該區域上,且以滾筒層壓器將該薄片壓緊。
將如此製造之組合件從支撐板移除且翻至其背面。移除該特夫綸紙,如上述施加並聚合第二層反應性樹脂。在該反應之後,將特夫綸紙滾於該區域上且壓緊。如此製造之PV-PSA層壓件接著可運送、捲起及貯存。
從實施例1所製造之PV-PSA層壓件剝離該特夫綸紙。經由層壓器滾筒將PV-PSA層壓件(背襯薄片面向該箔)層壓於5 mm厚之PLEXIGLAS®板。或者,亦可能使用由其他透明材料(諸如玻璃或聚碳酸酯)所製成之板。
或者,可將從實施例1之PV-PSA層壓件在施加之後且在第二層反應性樹脂反應之後直接層壓於該透明板。
將由聚合物膜製成之0.5 mm厚的框架黏附於5 mm厚之PLEXIGLAS®板。在該區域邊緣施加預混合之反應性樹脂(例如,聚矽氧,Silgel 612 A/B=1/1),且使用刮刀刮平。在交聯反應以產生連結層(於室溫下約1至2小時)之後,移除該框架且經由層壓器滾筒將具有光活性側面向PLEXIGLAS®板的撓性PV電池串輥壓於該連結層上,其中該滾筒不接觸該連結層。然後如上述施加並聚合第二層反應性樹脂。
為了確保無氣泡地將該串施加於該連結層,可使用第二滾筒將在該串背襯上之特夫綸紙拉入該層壓器。在該情
況下,可視需要調整該層壓器滾筒所施加的壓力。在施加第二層反應性樹脂之前再次移除該特夫綸紙。
使用雙面膠帶將商用單側塗覆特夫綸之紙(脫離膜)固定於安定載體板上。
黏附於塗覆特夫綸之紙係從聚合物膜所製成的0.5 mm厚框架。放置經焊接撓性PV電池串,使其光活性側向上朝該框架所環繞的區域。在該區域邊緣施加預混合之反應性樹脂(例如,聚矽氧,Silgel 612 A/B=1/1),且使用刮刀刮平。在交聯反應(於室溫下約1至2小時)之後,移除該框架,將一片聚乙烯/鋁複合物薄片(背襯薄片)滾於該區域上,且以滾筒層壓器將該薄片壓緊。
將如此製造之組合件從支撐板移除且翻至其背面。藉由第二載體板將將此處之組合件支撐於該背襯上。移除該特夫綸紙,如上述施加並聚合第二層反應性樹脂。
以此方式獲得之組合件(其開放的壓感性黏著劑層面朝上)導入真空室,其中將5 mm厚之PLEXIGLAS®板水平固定在位於PV-PSA組合件上方的安裝座。抽空之後,經由升降裝置使該PV-PSA組合件與該PLEXIGLAS®板二維接觸並進行層壓。
1a、3a‧‧‧脫離膜
1b‧‧‧透明前薄片
2‧‧‧PV-PSA組合件
2a、2c‧‧‧彈性中間層
2b‧‧‧PV串
3‧‧‧背襯
3b‧‧‧背襯薄片
4‧‧‧施用器噴嘴
5‧‧‧PV電池
圖1為PV-PSA層壓件之示意構造。
圖2為PV模組之示意構造。
圖3為將PV-PSA組件直接層壓至玻璃或塑膠板或障壁薄片上之示意圖。
圖1:
(1a)脫離膜
(1b)透明前薄片
(2)PV-PSA組合件,由(2a)、(2b)及(2c)所組成
(2a)彈性中間層
(2b)PV串
(2c)彈性中間層
(3a)脫離膜
(3b)背襯薄片
圖2:
(1)透明前板或薄片
(2)PV-PSA組合件,由(2a)、(2b)及(2c)所組成
(2a)彈性中間層
(2b)PV串
(2c)彈性中間層
(3)背襯
圖3:
(1)透明載體層,塑膠板
(2a)彈性連結層I
(2b)彈性連結層II
(3)背襯薄片
(4)施用器噴嘴
(5)PV電池
1a‧‧‧脫離膜
1b‧‧‧透明前薄片
2‧‧‧PV-PSA組合件
2a‧‧‧彈性中間層
2b‧‧‧PV串
2c‧‧‧彈性中間層
3a‧‧‧脫離膜
3b‧‧‧背襯薄片
Claims (12)
- 一種製造包含光伏打(PV)電池及彈性自黏著嵌埋組成物之組合件(PV-PSA組合件)的方法,其特徵在於該等PV電池係以液態、可聚合嵌埋組成物於複數個階段加以塗覆令嵌埋組成物隨塗覆時聚合(polymerized coatwise)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該PV-PSA組合件之至少一階段係聚合在脫離膜上面。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中該脫離膜位在支撐板上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中使用聚矽氧樹脂作為可聚合嵌埋組成物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中使用聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂作為可聚合嵌埋組成物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中使用丙烯酸酯樹脂作為可聚合嵌埋組成物。
- 一種製造包含PV電池及彈性自黏著嵌埋組成物之組合件(PV-PSA組合件)的方法,其特徵在於下列步驟:a.將PV串(2b)放置於脫離膜上,b.製造厚度約0.05 mm至2.0 mm之PSA膜(彈性中間層2c),i.將可聚合嵌埋組成物施加至位於該脫離膜上面之PV串,ii.聚合且交聯該可聚合嵌埋組成物以形成彈性中間 層(2c),c.將該PSA膜與另一脫離膜(3a)或與背襯薄片(3b)層壓,d.翻轉該單側塗覆之PV-PSA層壓件,e.移除該先前在底側的脫離膜,f.製造厚度為約0.05 mm至2 mm之PSA膜(彈性中間層2a)(頂面),i.將該可聚合嵌埋組成物施加於該PV-PSA層壓件之未塗覆側,ii.聚合且交聯該可聚合嵌埋組成物以形成彈性中間層(2a),g.將該頂面襯以層壓薄片(1a)或透明前薄片(1b)。
- 一種製造PV模組之方法,其特徵在於將如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項所製造之PV-PSA層壓件在移除脫離膜後施加至載體板。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之製造PV模組之方法,其中該PV-PSA層壓件係以連續程序施加。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之製造PV模組之方法,其中該PV-PSA層壓件係於真空下施加。
- 一種PV模組,其係根據如申請專利範圍第1至10項中任一項之方法製造。
- 一種PV模組,其可根據如申請專利範圍第1至10項中任一項之方法而獲得。
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