TW201318241A - Light emitting device, display device, and illumination device - Google Patents

Abstract

A light emitting device includes a first substrate, a first electrode and a second electrode including a light transmitting conductive material which are laminated on one surface of the first substrate in this order, an organic light emitting layer formed between the first and second electrodes, and a first bank which partitions at least the first electrode in a predetermined region. The first bank includes a light-reflective material. A light generated in the organic light emitting layer is emitted outside through the second electrode.

Description

Illuminating device, display device, and lighting device

The present invention relates to a light-emitting device that applies a voltage to an organic light-emitting layer to emit light, and a display device and an illumination device including the light-emitting device.

The present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-198501, filed on Sep. 12, 2011, and the Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-49319, filed on Jan. Quote its contents here.

In recent years, with the high level of informationization in society, the demand for flat panel displays is increasing. Examples of the flat panel display include a non-self-luminous liquid crystal display (LCD), a PDP (Plasma Display Panel), and an inorganic EL (Electro Luminescence) display. Organic electroluminescence (hereinafter also referred to as "organic EL" or "organic LED") displays.

Among these flat panel displays, a light-emitting element using an organic light-emitting layer, such as an organic EL (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display, can be a mainstream of next-generation displays due to its advantages such as a thin shape and a wide viewing angle. Alternate technology is receiving attention.

As a new lighting technology that replaces the previous incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps, LED lighting is rapidly spreading in recent years. Furthermore, as a next-generation lighting, research and business of organic EL lighting are being actively carried out. The advantage of the organic EL illumination is that it is thin and can realize high-luminance efficiency of the surface illumination, and further, various shapes can be realized by using a film substrate or the like, and therefore, it can be fabricated. The design has the advantage of characteristic lighting.

However, on the other hand, organic EL residues have problems such as low luminous efficiency, large power consumption, short life, and low reliability. Luminous efficiency is usually η (ext)(External Quantum Efficiency)=ηext×η =ηext×γ×ηr× f indicates. Here, η (ext) is the external quantum efficiency, ηext is the external light extraction efficiency, η For internal quantum efficiency, γ is the carrier balance and ηr is the exciton generation probability. f is the fluorescence quantum yield.

In recent years, with the advancement of materials, the internal quantum efficiency has indeed improved, especially with the progress of the use of triplet phosphorescent materials. However, on the other hand, light extraction efficiency remains as a major problem. In the organic EL device, since the refractive index of the organic light-emitting layer, the transparent electrode layer, and the glass substrate to be used is larger than that of air, it is impossible to extract light efficiently based on the total reflection condition of Snell's law. The amount of light extracted is usually about 15 to 30%, and most of the light is not emitted to the outside and is lost.

The decrease in light extraction efficiency does not only reduce the luminous efficiency and increase the power consumption.

In order to obtain the desired brightness, it is necessary to circulate more current, and thus it also affects the life, reliability, and the like. Conversely, if the light extraction efficiency is improved, it is expected that a large improvement can be expected for the luminous efficiency, power consumption, life, reliability, and the like of the organic EL.

In the above-mentioned problem, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses an invention in which a low refractive index layer having a refractive index in the range of 1.01 to 1.3 is provided on a surface of the transparent conductive layer opposite to the light-emitting layer.

Further, Patent Document 2 discloses an invention in which a light-diffusion layer in which a light-scattering particle is diffused and dispersed in a matrix resin containing a low refractive index material between a transparent electrode layer and a light-transmitting substrate is disclosed.

Further, Patent Document 3 discloses an invention in which a light extraction layer including a plurality of fine particles is provided on a surface of a substrate on which light is extracted.

Further, Patent Document 4 discloses an invention in which the light extraction efficiency is improved by making the pixel have a concave structure.

Further, Patent Document 5 discloses an invention in which light extraction efficiency is improved by providing a reflective layer on the side surface of a pixel.

Furthermore, in the organic EL device in which the phosphor layer and the organic EL light-emitting portion are combined, a reflective film containing a resin containing metal powder, metal particles or white pigment is provided on the side surface of the phosphor layer. invention.

Further, Patent Document 7 discloses an invention in which light is extracted by using a barrier having a tapered side surface.

[Previous Technical Literature] [Patent Literature]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-278477

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-296437

[Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2011-108395

[Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-009017

[Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-009793

[Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 11-329726

[Patent Document 7] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-012585

In the inventions disclosed in the above Patent Documents 1 to 4, although the light extraction efficiency can be improved, the effect of improving the light extraction efficiency is limited. That is, there is no countermeasure against the fact that light that propagates in the surface direction via the organic light-emitting layer or the electrode and emits to the outside is reduced.

For example, a typical refractive index of an organic light-emitting layer is about 1.8, a typical refractive index of an insulating layer (barrier) is about 1.5 to 1.8, and a typical refractive index of ITO (Indium Tin Oxides) as a transparent electrode layer is Since it is about 2.1 to 2.2, there are many components which cause total reflection at the interface with the low refractive index layer due to the difference in refractive index from the low refractive index layer (about 1.0 to 1.3 refractive index). The component that causes total reflection propagates in the plane direction via the organic light-emitting layer, the insulating layer, the transparent electrode layer, or the like, and is not emitted to the outside and is lost.

The insulating layer (barrier) which divides the transparent electrode layer into each pixel region of the organic light-emitting layer previously contains a polymer material such as polymethyl methacrylate or polyimine or an inorganic material such as SiO ₂ , and the color tone is transparent or black. Therefore, the light diffused in the plane direction is absorbed by the insulating layer and lost when the insulating layer (barrier) is black. Further, when the insulating layer (barrier) is transparent (transparent), light is transmitted to the adjacent organic light-emitting layer or the transparent electrode layer via the insulating layer and is lost.

Further, Patent Literatures 5 and 6 disclose a technique for improving the light extraction efficiency by forming a reflective film on the side surface of the light-emitting portion, and Patent Document 6 discloses that the conductive film contains metal powder, metal particles, or White Resin of color pigment, but there are problems in structure and process.

In the technique of Patent Document 5, since the reflection film on the side surface is electrically conductive, it is necessary to further provide an insulating layer on the reflection film, which complicates the process. Further, since the portion where the reflective film is formed is the side of the partition wall which is inclined with respect to the substrate, not only the process controllability at the time of production is difficult, but also the pixel opening is present in consideration of the exposure position alignment range for forming a pattern or the like. The subject of the ministry. When the pixel opening portion is small, in order to obtain a desired brightness as a display, it is necessary to increase the light emission luminance of the pixel opening portion.

In the technique of Patent Document 6, a technique of forming a reflective film on the side of a phosphor layer, a technique containing a resin containing metal powder, metal particles or white pigment as a reflective film is disclosed, but the technique is applied to organic EL light emission. Some aspects are not disclosed or implied. Further, if the technique is applied to the organic EL light-emitting portion and the reflective film is formed on the side surface of the organic light-emitting portion, the problem of structure and process is caused. First, the organic material used in the light-emitting portion of the organic EL is extremely resistant to moisture, oxygen, solvent, and the like, and it is extremely difficult to form a reflective film on the side surface of the organic EL light-emitting portion in terms of the process. Further, this technique has no problem in that it is not applicable to the case where the light-emitting layer is formed separately on each pixel of the organic EL, or the structure in which the light-emitting layer is separated on each pixel and formed on the entire surface. Further, when considering the light loss caused by the optical waveguide from the organic EL light-emitting portion, it is necessary to consider a guided wave other than the light-emitting portion such as an electrode. However, Patent Document 6 does not disclose or suggest any such.

Further, in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 7, there is disclosed an invention in which light is extracted by using a barrier having a tapered side surface, and in the case of the method, The light that is guided by the carrier layer or the transparent electrode and diffused in the lateral direction does not completely disappear, and the effect of light extraction is not sufficient. Moreover, since the control of the taper angle is important, the process range is narrow in consideration of the production situation.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a light-emitting device, a display device, and an illumination device that efficiently emit light emitted from an organic light-emitting layer to the outside and emit light with high luminance.

Several aspects of the present invention provide a light-emitting device, a display device, and a lighting device as shown below.

That is, the light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a first substrate, a first electrode sequentially laminated on one surface of the first substrate, and a second electrode including a light-transmitting conductive material, formed on the first electrode And an organic light-emitting layer between the second electrodes; and a first barrier wall that divides at least the first electrode into a specific region, and the first barrier layer includes a material having light reflectivity, and the light emitted by the organic light-emitting layer passes through The second electrode is emitted to the outside.

In the light-emitting device of one aspect of the invention, the first electrode may have a light-shielding property.

In a light-emitting device according to an aspect of the invention, the first electrode may include a light-reflective conductive material.

The light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention may further have an insulating film covering the second electrode and the barrier rib.

The light-emitting device of one aspect of the present invention may further have a second substrate disposed on the second electrode.

The light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention may further include a low refractive index layer disposed between the second substrate and the second electrode and having a lower refractive index than the second substrate.

In the light-emitting device of one aspect of the invention, the low refractive index layer may be a gas.

The light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention may further include a light-reflective opposing barrier provided on the second substrate and facing the barrier.

A light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention further includes a reflective layer disposed between the first substrate and the first electrode, and an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the reflective layer, and the first The electrode includes a light transmissive conductive material, and the intermediate layer may include a light transmissive material.

In a light-emitting device according to an aspect of the invention, the intermediate layer may include a connection region electrically connecting the first electrode and the reflective layer.

The illuminating device according to an aspect of the present invention may further include a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and having a refractive index lower than the second a low refractive index layer of the substrate and a moisture absorbing member disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

The light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention further includes an intermediate layer disposed between the first substrate and the first electrode, wherein the first substrate includes a light reflective material, and the first electrode includes a light-transmitting conductive material The intermediate layer may include a light transmissive material.

In the light-emitting device of one aspect of the invention, the barrier rib and the reflective layer may have a portion thereof in contact with each other.

In the light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention, the distance from the center position of the light-emitting region of the organic layer to the interval between the first electrodes is set to be 200 nm or more.

In the light-emitting device of one aspect of the invention, the material contained in the barrier rib may be a material having further light diffusibility.

In the light-emitting device of one aspect of the invention, the material contained in the barrier rib may be white.

In the light-emitting device according to an aspect of the invention, the material contained in the barrier rib may include a resin and fine particles dispersed in the resin.

In the light-emitting device of one aspect of the invention, the particle diameter of the particles may be 200 nm or more and 5 μm or less.

In a light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention, the first barrier rib includes a second barrier rib, a third barrier rib, and a light reflecting film, wherein the second barrier rib is formed on the first substrate, and the light reflecting film covers the first In the second barrier, the third barrier covers the light reflecting film, and the third barrier may include a light transmissive material.

In the light-emitting device of one aspect of the invention, the second barrier may be black.

In the light-emitting device of one aspect of the invention, the material contained in the third barrier may further have light scattering properties.

An illumination device according to another aspect of the present invention includes the above-described light emitting device and a driving unit that controls the light emitting device.

A lighting device according to still another aspect of the present invention includes the above-described light emitting device and a driving unit that controls the light emitting device.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a light-emitting device, a display device, and a lighting device having high luminous efficiency (high luminance) can be provided.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a light-emitting device, a display device, and an electronic device according to aspects of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the embodiment shown below is specifically described in order to better understand the gist of the invention, and the aspect of the invention is not limited unless otherwise specified. In addition, in order to make the features of the aspect of the present invention easy to understand, the drawings used in the following description have a case where a part of the main part is enlarged for convenience, and the dimensional ratio of each component is not necessarily the actual situation. the same.

(Light-emitting device: First embodiment)

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a first embodiment.

The light-emitting device 10 has a substrate 11, a first electrode (lower electrode) 12, a second electrode (upper electrode) 13, and an organic light-emitting layer 14. The first electrode (lower electrode) 12 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 13 are sequentially laminated on one surface 11a of the substrate 11. The organic light emitting layer 14 is formed between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13.

Further, a barrier (insulating layer) 15 for dividing the first electrode 12 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 11a of the substrate 11. The barrier rib 15 corresponds to, for example, a region corresponding to one pixel of the organic light-emitting layer 14, and divides the first electrode 12 into a plurality of regions, so that the divided first electrodes 12 are electrically insulated from each other.

As the manufacturing process, for example, the following process or the like can be used: on the substrate 11 The first electrode (lower electrode) 12 is formed, and thereafter the barrier rib 15 is formed, thereby forming the organic light-emitting layer 14 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 13. Since the material used for the organic EL is extremely resistant to moisture, oxygen, and the like, it is preferable to perform a sufficient dehydration step (baking) before forming the organic light-emitting layer 14, that is, after forming the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 and the barrier 15 Step, vacuum drying step, etc.).

The substrate 11 is translucent or non-translucent (light-shielding), and includes, for example, glass, a resin, a metal plate, or the like.

The first electrode (lower electrode) 12 may be in a light-shielding state and a light-transmitting property. In the case of light transmissivity, it is sufficient to use a transparent electrode, for example, ITO (Indium-tin-oxide) or ZnO (Zinc oxide). Moreover, when it is a light-shielding property, it is good if it is formed with a metal film, for example.

When the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 is light-shielding, the emitted light is extracted from the second electrode (upper electrode) 13 side to become a so-called top emission type organic EL. Further, when the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 is translucent, the emitted light is extracted from both surfaces of the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 13 to become a so-called double-sided light-emitting type. Organic EL.

The thickness of the first electrode 12 is, for example, about 100 nm. Further, the first electrode 12 is usually an anode or a cathode, and in this case, a material having a low work function is used. Further, in order to reduce wiring resistance and the like, auxiliary wiring may be provided in combination. The auxiliary wiring may be formed of a metal material such as Al, Ag, Ta, Ti, or Ni.

The first electrode (lower electrode) 12 is divided into a plurality of specific regions by a barrier (insulating layer) 15. The illuminating device of the embodiment is used as a display device In the case of the (organic EL display), the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 may be divided into regions corresponding to one pixel.

The second electrode (upper electrode) 13 includes a translucent transparent electrode, whereby the light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 14 is emitted to the outside via the second electrode (upper electrode) 13, and becomes a so-called top emission type light-emitting device. The second electrode 13 usually forms a cathode, and LiF/ITO, MgAg/IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide, etc.) can be used. Further, the second electrode (upper electrode) 13 may be an anode. In this case, a material having a higher work function, such as ITO or the like, is preferably used.

In addition to these, various well-known electrode materials can be used as the electrode material for forming the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13. In the case of the anode, in order to inject a hole into the organic light-emitting layer 14 more efficiently, as the transparent electrode material, gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and nickel having a working function of 4.5 eV or more are mentioned. a metal such as (Ni), and an oxide (ITO) containing indium (In) and tin (Sn), an oxide (SnO ₂ ) of tin (Sn), and an oxide containing indium (In) and zinc (Zn) ( IZO) and so on.

Further, as an electrode material for forming a cathode, in order to inject electrons into the organic light-emitting layer 14 more efficiently, lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), cesium (Ce) having a working function of 4.5 eV or less can be cited. A metal such as barium (Ba) or aluminum (Al) or an alloy such as Mg:Ag alloy or Li:Al alloy containing the metals.

The first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 can be formed by a known method such as an EB (electron-beam) vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, or a resistance heating vapor deposition method, but using the above materials. The invention is not limited to the methods of forming. Also, if necessary, it can also be stripped by photolithography or laser. The formed electrode is patterned and the patterned electrode can be directly formed by combining with a shadow mask. The film thickness is preferably 50 nm or more. When the film thickness is less than 50 nm, the wiring resistance becomes high, so that the driving voltage is increased.

The organic light-emitting layer (organic EL light-emitting body) 14 emits light of a specific wavelength band by a voltage applied between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13. The organic light-emitting layer (organic EL light-emitting body) 14 may be a single layer, and usually may also include a plurality of layers, for example, α-NPD (N, N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N, N'-diphenylbenzidine, may be used. N,N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine) and Alq3 (Aluminium tris (quinolin-8-olate), tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum) Laminated film, etc. Further, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and a hole barrier layer are formed between the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 as an anode and the second electrode (upper electrode) 13 as a cathode. The case of a multilayer organic light-emitting layer such as an electron transport layer or an electron injection layer.

In addition to these layers, active research is being carried out on the use of various layers such as MoO ₃ layer, C ₆₀ layer, fullerene layer, and content sub-dot layer, and it is needless to say that these embodiments can be applied. . A light-emitting element using a content sub-dot layer is called a QLED (Quantum-dot light-emitting diode). Further, a so-called series structure of a laminated light-emitting region can also be used. The film thickness of the layer disposed between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 is usually about 10 nm in each layer. Of course, the light-emitting element that has not been invented at present, the light-emitting element that has not been generally recognized, and the like can be applied to the embodiment of the present embodiment as long as the configuration of the present embodiment is adopted.

Specific examples of the layer structure of the organic light-emitting layer 14 include the following structures. However, this embodiment is not limited to these.

(1) Organic light-emitting layer

(2) hole transport layer / organic light-emitting layer

(3) Organic light-emitting layer/electron transport layer

(4) Hole transport layer / organic light-emitting layer / electron transport layer

(5) Hole injection layer/hole transmission layer/organic light-emitting layer/electron transport layer

(6) Hole injection layer/hole transmission layer/organic light-emitting layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer

(7) Hole injection layer/hole transmission layer/organic light-emitting layer/hole blocking layer/electron transport layer

(8) Hole injection layer/hole transmission layer/organic light-emitting layer/hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer

(9) Hole injection layer/hole transmission layer/electron barrier layer/organic light-emitting layer/hole barrier layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer

Here, each of the organic light-emitting layer, the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, the hole barrier layer, the electron blocking layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure.

The organic light-emitting layer 14 may include only the organic light-emitting material exemplified below, or may include a combination of a light-emitting dopant and a host material, and may optionally include a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and an additive (application body, acceptor, etc.). Further, it may be a structure in which the materials are dispersed in a polymer material (adhesive resin) or an inorganic material. From the viewpoint of luminous efficiency and life, it is preferred to disperse the luminescent dopant in the host material.

As the organic light-emitting material, a known light-emitting layer for an organic light-emitting layer can be used. material. The above-mentioned luminescent material is classified into a low molecular luminescent material, a polymer luminescent material, etc., and the specific compounds are exemplified below, but the present embodiment is not limited to these materials. Further, the luminescent material may be classified into a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material, and from the viewpoint of low power consumption, it is preferred to use a phosphorescent material having a high luminous efficiency.

Here, specific compounds are exemplified below, but the present embodiment is not limited to these materials.

As the luminescent dopant which is optionally contained in the light-emitting layer, a known dopant material for the organic light-emitting layer can be used. As the above dopant material, for example, as the ultraviolet light-emitting material, p-tetraphenyl, 3,5,3,5-tetra-t-butylhexabenzene, 3,5,3,5-tetra-t-butyl group can be cited. - Fluorescent materials such as p-pentene. Examples of the blue light-emitting material include a fluorescent material such as a styrene derivative, and bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridine-N,C2']pyridinecarboxamide (III) (FIrpic). A phosphorescent organic metal complex such as bis(4',6'-difluorophenylpyridine)tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (III) (FIr ₆ ).

Further, as a host material when a dopant is used, a known host material for organic EL can be used. Examples of the host material include the above-mentioned low molecular light-emitting material and polymer light-emitting material, 4,4′-bis(carbazole)biphenyl, 9,9-bis(4-dicarbazole-benzyl)fluorene (CPF). , 9,9-di(4-dicarbazole-benzyl)fluorene), 3,6-bis(triphenylphosphonyl)carbazole (mCP), (PCF (Phenyl Chloroformate)) An aniline derivative such as 4-(diphenylphosphoryl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (HM-Al), 1,3-bis(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)benzene (mDPFB, 1,3-bis(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9-yl)benzene), 1,4-bis(9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)benzene (pDPFB, 1,4 - An anthracene derivative such as bis(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9-yl)benzene).

In order to more efficiently inject charges (holes, electrons) from the electrodes and transfer (inject) charges (holes, electrons) to the light-emitting layer, the charge injection transport layer is divided into charge injection layers (hole injection layers, electron injection layers). And the charge transport layer (the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer), the charge injection transport layer may include only the charge injection transport material exemplified below, and may optionally contain an additive (such as a donor, a receptor, etc.), or may be These materials are dispersed in a polymer material (adhesive resin) or an inorganic material.

As the charge injection transport material, a known charge transport material for an organic light-emitting layer can be used. The charge injection transport material is classified into a hole injection transport material and an electron injection transport material. The specific compounds are exemplified below, but the present embodiment is not limited to these materials.

Examples of the hole injecting hole transporting material include oxides such as vanadium oxide (V ₂ O ₅ ) and molybdenum oxide (MoO ₃ ), inorganic p-type semiconductor materials, porphyrin compounds, and N, N'-double (3). -Methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine (TPD, N, N'-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N, N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine), N, Aromatic tertiary amine compounds such as N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPD), hydrazine compounds, quinacridone compounds, styrylamine compounds, etc. Molecular materials; polyaniline (PANI, polyaniline), polyaniline-camphorsulfonic acid (PANI-CSA (Camphorsulfonic acid)), poly(3,4-dioxyethylthiophene) / polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT (poly( 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene))/PSS(poly(styrene-4-sulfonate)), poly(triphenylamine) derivative (Poly-TPD), polyvinylcarbazole (PVCz, polyvinylcarbazole), poly(p-phenylacetylene) (PPV, poly(p-phenylene vinylene), poly(p-naphthalene vinylene) (PNV, poly(p-naphthalene vinylene)) and other polymer materials.

Further, as a material for the hole injection layer, it is preferable to use the highest energy occupying layer (HOMO, Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) lower than the electric power in terms of the anode injection and the transmission hole. The material used for the hole transport layer is injected into the material of the transport material. As the hole transport layer, it is preferable to use a material having a mobility higher than that of the hole injection transport material used in the hole injection layer.

Further, in order to further improve the injection and transportability of the hole, it is preferable to dope the dopant in the hole injection transport material. As the acceptor, a known acceptor material for an organic light-emitting layer can be used. . The specific compounds are exemplified below, but the present embodiment is not limited to these materials.

Examples of the acceptor material include inorganic materials such as Au, Pt, W, Ir, POCl ₃ , AsF ₆ , Cl, Br, I, vanadium oxide (V ₂ O ₅ ), and molybdenum oxide (MoO ₃ ); TCNQ (7) , 7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 7,7,8,8,-tetracyanoquinone dimethane), TCNQF ₄ (Tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane, tetrafluorotetracyanoquinone dimethane), TCNE (Tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoethylene), Compounds with cyano group such as HCNB (Hexacyanobutadiene, hexacyanobutadiene), DDQ (Dichloro Dicyane Benzoquinone), TNF (2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, trinitrofluorenone) ), a compound having a nitro group such as DNF (2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone, dinitrofluorenone), an organic material such as tetrafluorophenylhydrazine, tetrachlorophenylhydrazine or tetrabromophenylhydrazine.

Among them, a compound having a cyano group such as TCNQ, TCNQF ₄ , TCNE, HCNB or DDQ can increase the carrier concentration more effectively, and thus is more preferable.

As the electron injecting electron transporting material, for example, an inorganic material which is an n-type semiconductor can be cited. Diazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, sulfur dioxide Low molecular materials such as derivatives, benzoquinone derivatives, naphthoquinone derivatives, anthracene derivatives, biphenyl hydrazine derivatives, anthrone derivatives, benzodifuran derivatives, poly( Polymer materials such as oxadiazole (Poly-OXZ, Poly-oxadiazole) and polystyrene derivatives (PSS). In particular, examples of the electron injecting material include fluorides such as lithium fluoride (LiF) and barium fluoride (BaF ₂ ), and oxides such as lithium oxide (Li ₂ O).

In terms of more efficient injection and transport of electrons from the cathode, as a material for the electron injecting layer, it is preferable to use a lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) having a higher energy level than the electron transporting layer. As the material for the electron transporting layer to be used, as the material for the electron transporting layer, it is preferable to use a material having a higher electron mobility than the electron injecting and transporting material used in the electron injecting layer.

Further, in order to further improve the injection and transportability of electrons, it is preferable to dope the above-described electron injecting and transporting material. As the donor, a known donor material for the organic light-emitting layer can be used. The specific compounds are exemplified below, but the invention is not limited to the materials.

As the donor material, there are the following: alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, inorganic materials such as Al, Ag, Cu, In; aniline, phenylenediamine, benzidine (N, N, N', N '-Tetraphenylbenzidine, N,N'-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis-(phenyl)-benzidine, N,N'-di(naphthalene-1- (), N, N'-diphenyl-benzidine, etc.), triphenylamines (triphenylamine, 4,4',4"-tris(N,N-diphenyl-amino)-triphenylamine, 4 , 4',4"-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenyl-amino)-triphenylamine, 4,4',4"-tris(N-(1-naphthyl)-N -phenyl-amino)-triphenylamine, etc., triphenyldiamine (N,N'-di-(4-methyl-phenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,4- Phenylenediamine) is equivalent to a compound containing an aromatic tertiary amine in the skeleton, a condensed polycyclic compound such as phenanthrene, anthracene, anthracene, anthracene, fused tetraphenyl or fused pentabenzene (wherein the condensed polycyclic compound may have a substituent), TTF (tetrathiafulvalene, tetrathiafulvalene), dibenzofuran, phenolthiophene , carbazole and other organic materials. Among them, a compound containing an aromatic tertiary amine in the skeleton, a condensed polycyclic compound, or an alkali metal is more preferable because it can increase the carrier concentration more effectively.

The organic light-emitting layer such as the light-emitting layer, the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer, the hole injection layer, and the electron injection layer can be formed by using a coating liquid for forming an organic light-emitting layer in which the material is dissolved and dispersed in a solvent. Printing by a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a doctor blade method, a spray coating method, a spray coating method, or the like, or an inkjet method, a letterpress printing method, a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, a micro gravure coating method, or the like It is formed by a known wet process such as a method, and the above materials may be subjected to a resistance heating vapor deposition method, an electron beam (EB, Electron-Beam) vapor deposition method, or a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method. It is formed by a known dry process such as a sputtering method, an organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD) method, or a laser transfer method. Further, in the case where the organic light-emitting layer is formed by a wet process, the coating liquid for forming the organic light-emitting layer may further contain an additive for adjusting the physical properties of the coating liquid such as a leveling agent or a viscosity modifier.

The film thickness of each of the layers constituting the organic light-emitting layer 14 is usually from about 1 nm to about 1000 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 200 nm. If the film thickness is less than 10 nm, the original physical properties (charge injection characteristics, transfer characteristics, and sealing) cannot be obtained. Closed feature). In addition, there are defects in pixels caused by foreign matter such as dust. Moreover, when the film thickness exceeds 200 nm, the driving voltage rises due to the resistance component of the organic light-emitting layer, and the power consumption increases.

The barrier (insulating layer) 15 that divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 into a plurality of specific regions (for example, pixels) contains a material having at least light reflectivity. As the material having light reflectivity, a material having a white color tone is preferably used. Further, it is also preferred to use a material having light diffusibility in addition to light reflectivity.

In the case of only light reflectivity, the distribution of the extracted light varies greatly depending on the angle of the barrier side with respect to the substrate or the shape of the barrier. Therefore, in order to obtain a desired light distribution, it is necessary to face the barrier side with respect to the substrate. The angle or the shape of the barrier is controlled as appropriate. On the other hand, if the barrier has whiteness and light scattering properties in addition to the light reflectivity, the direction of the light reflected on the barrier is enlarged, so the distribution of the extracted light is not so dependent on the angle of the side of the barrier relative to the substrate. Or the shape of the barrier, easy to obtain a natural distribution of light.

For example, a high-reflectance white solder resist disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei. No. 2007-322546, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei. No. Hei. Insulation layer) 15. Alternatively, a method in which particles such as TiO ₂ are dispersed in a photosensitive resin such as polyimide or acrylic to impart functions such as light reflectivity, light scattering property, and whiteness is also effective. Further, the barrier 15 may be formed using a resin containing a reflective metal such as silver (Ag).

The barrier (insulating layer) 15 is formed in a specific pattern to be translucent or non-transparent. One side of the substrate 11a is 11a. In order to pattern the barrier rib 15 in a specific shape, a known manufacturing method used in a semiconductor manufacturing step, a liquid crystal panel manufacturing step, or the like, such as a method of adding titanium oxide particles to a photo-sensitive resin by photolithography, can be applied. A method of patterning the original; a titanium oxide particle or the like is added to the resin, and a photoresist pattern is formed thereon, and a resin layer to which the titanium oxide particles are added is etched into a specific pattern. method.

The film thickness of the barrier 15 is, for example, 1 μm to 5 μm in a substantially suitable range, and an appropriate film thickness can be selected depending on the purpose. For example, a barrier of a height of 100 nm to 10 μm can be used, and the effect of this embodiment can be obtained in either case.

Before the light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 14 is reflected by the barrier 15 , the total reflection is repeated, and the light loss is poor in each total reflection. Therefore, the barriers 15 adjacent to each other (opening diameter) are preferably spaced apart from each other. Not too big. Adjacent barriers 15 are spaced from each other by 50 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm, 1 mm, 500 μm, 100 μm, 50 μm, 20 μm, and the like.

When the barrier 15 is light-scattering, it is preferable to disperse fine light-reflecting particles in the resin constituting the barrier 15 . The particle diameter of the light-reflective particles is preferably from 200 nm to 5 μm. Thereby, the barrier 15 can have light reflectivity, and can also have light scattering properties that cause the direction of reflection of light to become random.

Further, the barrier 15 also functions to prevent leakage of the edge portion of the first electrode (lower electrode) 12. That is, in the case where the organic light-emitting layer 14 is formed on the first electrode 12, the film thickness of the organic light-emitting layer 14 is thinned on the end surface of the first electrode 12. Therefore, it is easy to occur between the first electrode 12 and the second electrode 13 road. By arranging the barrier rib 15 in the above region, it is possible to prevent a short circuit. In this case, the barrier rib 15 is a constituent generally referred to as an edge cover or an insulating layer.

Further, in the case where the organic light-emitting layer 14 is formed by a wet process such as inkjet, the barrier 15 prevents the liquid applied to the pixel region of the substrate 11 from flowing to the adjacent pixel region. In order to further improve the above functions, it is also preferable to carry out a treatment for imparting liquid repellency to the barrier rib 15 .

The layers constituting the organic layer 14 are weak against moisture or oxygen, and it is generally necessary to perform sealing. There are various types of sealing structures known, for example, a structure in which an insulating film is directly formed by being superposed on a second electrode (upper electrode). In this case, as the insulating film, an inorganic film such as SiO ₂ , an organic film such as a polyimide resin, an inorganic-organic mixed film, an inorganic-organic interactive laminated film, or the like can be used.

The action of the light-emitting device having the above configuration will be described.

As shown in FIG. 1, when a voltage of a specific voltage value is applied between the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 13 of the light-emitting device 10, it is injected into the organic light-emitting layer 14 by using The organic light-emitting layer 14 emits light by exciton generated by recombination of electrons and holes.

Among the light (excitation light) emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 14, the light F1 emitted in the direction toward the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 13 passes through the second electrode 13 and is emitted to the outside.

Further, among the light (excitation light) emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 14, the light F2 emitted in the direction toward the non-transmissive first electrode (lower electrode) 12 is reflected on the surface of the first electrode 13, and is again transmitted through the organic light. Layer 14, through the transparent The two electrodes 13 are emitted to the outside.

On the other hand, among the light (excitation light) emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 14, the light F3 emitted in the plane spreading direction (the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction) enters the barrier rib 15. Since the light entering the barrier 15 includes a material having light reflectivity, the light incident thereon is reflected and preferably diffused. Further, the light F3 reflected by the barrier 15 is also transmitted to the outside through the second electrode 13.

As described above, in the light-emitting device 10 of the present embodiment, since the barrier 15 has light reflectivity, the light F3 emitted to the barrier 15 is not absorbed by the barrier 15 or guided by the barrier 15 and is lost. Further, the light F3 emitted to the barrier 15 is reflected by the barrier 15 and emitted to the outside via the second electrode 13, whereby the light extraction efficiency can be greatly improved.

That is, the concept of the conventional light-emitting device is to improve the light extraction efficiency by controlling the refractive index or scattering property or shape of the organic light-emitting layer. In contrast, in the present embodiment, the light emitted by the organic light-emitting layer is enclosed. Light is not propagated in the direction of the barrier 15 in the area surrounded by the barrier 15 . According to the above configuration, the light emission can be limited only to the direction in which the light is to be extracted, and can be efficiently extracted without losing light. Thereby, the light extraction efficiency can be greatly improved as compared with the previously known light-emitting device.

Further, the barrier 15 preferably further comprises a material which is required to have light reflectivity and further has diffuse reflectivity and scattering of non-unidirectional reflection instead of unidirectional reflection. Compared with the one-way reflection, the diffuse reflection and the scatterer reflect the light incident on the barrier rib 15 in a random direction, thereby further improving the light extraction efficiency.

Further, it is preferable that the position of the barrier rib 15 is covered by the barrier rib 15 The periphery of the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 patterned in a specific shape is all. However, even if the barrier 15 covers only a part thereof, an effect of improving the light extraction efficiency can be obtained. In the case where the light-reflective barrier is disposed only for the length of the first electrode (lower electrode) 12, for example, when the light-reflective barrier is disposed for only 1% of the length, the light is guided from the remaining 99% of the length in the surface expansion direction and is lost. The effect of improving light extraction efficiency is limited.

The problem that the light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 14 is diffused by the guided wave in the surface expansion direction or is reflected from the substrate 11 side by the light-reflective barrier 15 is associated with the length of the barrier 15 disposed with respect to the first electrode 12 . The ratio of the length of the perimeter is related. For example, if the light extraction efficiency is 25% in the case where the light reflective barrier is not used, the loss portion becomes 75%. If the ratio of the length of the barrier 15 to the peripheral length of the first electrode 12 is 10%, about 7.5% of the light can be extracted by the estimated amount, and the total light extraction efficiency is 32.5%, which is relative to the non-reflective barrier. In the case of 15, the extraction efficiency is 25%, and the efficiency is increased by about 30%.

However, if the ratio of the length of the barrier rib 15 to the peripheral length of the first electrode 12 is 1%, the light extraction is increased by only 0.75% at the maximum, and the total light extraction efficiency is only 25.75%. The light extraction efficiency is 25% with respect to the case where the light-reflective barrier 15 is not provided, and is only 3%, and the effect obtained is very small.

From the above viewpoints, the ratio of the length of the barrier 15 disposed to the peripheral length of the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 is desirably 100%, and if it is about 5% or more, the corresponding light extraction efficiency is improved. effect.

When the ratio of the length of the barrier 15 to the peripheral length of the first electrode 12 is 5%, the light extracted by the light reflective barrier 15 is the most It is 3.75% (75% × 5%), which is a total of 27.75%. This is a 15% improvement in the light extraction efficiency of 25% in the case where the light-reflective barrier 15 is not provided, which is a significant improvement.

However, since the light loss of the other constituent portion or the loss due to the guided wave in the substrate 11 is substantially present, it is preferable to arrange the ratio of the length of the light reflective barrier 15 to the peripheral length of the first electrode 12. It is preferably 50% or more, and particularly preferably 100%.

The problem of the ratio of the length of the barrier 15 disposed to the peripheral length of the first electrode 12 is determined, for example, according to the shape when the barrier 15 is patterned.

If it is considered in the usual case, it is not difficult to cover all the periphery of the first electrode 12 by the barrier 15 , and it is also considered to suppress leakage between the second electrode 13 and the first electrode 12 and to prevent formation by a wet process. In the case where the coating liquid flows toward the adjacent pixels, it is preferable to cover all the periphery of the first electrode (lower electrode) 12 by the light reflective barrier 15 .

Further, in order to ensure reliability, the light-emitting device 10 is preferably sealed by a suitable method. A known method or the like can be used for the method of sealing. For example, a method of using a can seal and a desiccant, a method of sealing a glass and a desiccant, a method of sealing a glass frit, a method of bonding a film for suppressing moisture permeability, and a glass may be mentioned.

Further, the light-emitting device 10 may have a low refractive index layer between the second electrode 13 and the organic light-emitting layer 14. For example, it is formed of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the organic light-emitting layer 14 and higher than the refractive index of the second electrode 13. The low refractive index layer is preferably, for example, such that it is oriented from the organic light-emitting layer 14 The critical angle of the incident light incident on the low refractive index layer becomes smaller than the refractive index from the critical angle of the outgoing light of the low refractive index layer to the second electrode 13. Furthermore, the low refractive index layer has a function of charge injection and charge transfer. By forming the above low refractive index layer, the light extraction efficiency can be further improved.

(Light-emitting device: second embodiment)

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a second embodiment.

The light-emitting device 20 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 21, a first electrode (lower electrode) 22, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 23, and an organic light-emitting layer 24. The first electrode (lower electrode) 22 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 23 are sequentially laminated on one surface 21a of the substrate 21. The organic light emitting layer 24 is formed between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulating layer) 25 that divides the first electrode 22 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 21a of the substrate 21.

The configuration of the organic light-emitting layer 24 of the present embodiment is different from that of the organic light-emitting layer 14 of the first embodiment. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

Further, in this embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 24 is formed by, for example, dividing into pixels. That is, in the first embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 14 is formed as a continuous layer by covering the barrier 15 (see FIG. 1). In the second embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 24 is formed by the upper portion of the barrier 25 (second electrode side). ) Separated into multiples. Thereby, light propagating in the organic light-emitting layer 24 and propagating in the surface expansion direction can be blocked, and the light extraction efficiency can be further improved.

(Light-emitting device: third embodiment)

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a third embodiment.

The light-emitting device 30 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 31, a first electrode (lower electrode) 32, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 33, and an organic light-emitting layer 34. The first electrode (lower electrode) 32 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 33 are sequentially laminated on one surface 31a of the substrate 31. The organic light emitting layer 34 is formed between the first electrode 32 and the second electrode 33. Further, a light-reflective barrier (insulating layer) 35 that divides the first electrode 32 and the organic light-emitting layer 34 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 31a of the substrate 31.

The configuration of the organic light-emitting layer 34 of the present embodiment is different from that of the organic light-emitting layer 14 of the first embodiment. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 34 is divided into pixels by, for example, the barrier ribs 35. That is, in the first embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 14 is formed as a continuous layer by covering the barrier rib 15 (see FIG. 1). In the third embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 24 is divided into a plurality of barrier ribs 35. Thereby, the light propagating in the organic light-emitting layer 24 and propagating in the surface expansion direction can be blocked, and the light emitted from the side cross section (the cross section in the thickness direction) of the organic light-emitting layer 24 can also be reflected by the light-reflective barrier 35. The light extraction efficiency can be further improved.

In the second embodiment or the third embodiment, the method of forming the regions in which the organic light-emitting layers 24 and 34 are formed within a specific range is, for example, a mask evaporation method. Laser coating, printing, etc., wet coating, LITI (Laser Induced Thermal Imaging), LIPS (laser Induced Pattern wise Sublimation), etc. A photobleaching method or the like can be used.

(Light-emitting device: fourth embodiment)

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a fourth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 40 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 41, a first electrode (lower electrode) 42, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 43, and an organic light-emitting layer 44. The first electrode (lower electrode) 42 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 43 are sequentially laminated on one surface 41a of the substrate 41. The organic light-emitting layer 44 is formed between the first electrode 42 and the second electrode 43. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulating layer) 45 that divides the first electrode 42 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 41a of the substrate 41. Further, a low refractive index layer 46 is formed to cover the second electrode (upper electrode) 43.

The light-emitting device 40 of the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it has the low refractive index layer 46 and the organic light-emitting layer 44. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

The low refractive index layer 46 is formed, for example, of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the second electrode (upper electrode) 43 and higher than the refractive index of air (outer gas). The low refractive index layer 46 preferably has, for example, a critical angle such that incident light incident from the second electrode 43 toward the low refractive index layer 46 becomes smaller than a critical angle of outgoing light emitted from the low refractive index layer 46 to the outside. Refractive index.

The low refractive index layer 46 is formed, for example, of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the second electrode (upper electrode) 43 and higher than the refractive index of air (outer gas). The refractive index of the low refractive index layer is preferably lower than the refractive index of the substrate, and is desirably the same as the refractive index of air, and is preferably 1.0.

By forming the above-described low refractive index layer 46, the light extraction efficiency can be further improved. That is, assume that the refractive index of air (outer gas) is 1.0, the second electrode (on When the refractive index of the portion electrode 43 is 1.5, when the low refractive index layer 46 is not provided, the light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer directly enters the air (outside air) interface from the substrate, but the second electrode (the upper electrode) The difference in refractive index at the interface with air (outside air), the total deviation from the normal deviation from the normal angle of light greater than 42 °.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, in the case where the low refractive index layer 46 having a refractive index of 1.2 is provided, the angle from the normal deviation at the interface between the low refractive index layer 46 and the air (outer gas) is larger than The light of 53° is totally reflected, but the light that is reflected is reflected by the light-reflective barrier 45 or the like and is extracted to the outside. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, at the interface between the low refractive index layer 46 and the air (outer air), the light which is off from the normal angle of the angle of 42° to 53° is totally reflected and not extracted, but In terms of the light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 44, light of only 42 to 53 is not extracted, and the effect of improving the light extraction efficiency by forming the low refractive index layer 46 is large.

Further, when the light reflective barrier is not provided and only the low refractive index layer 46 is formed, the light jumped back at the interface between the second electrode 43 and the low refractive index layer 46 is unidirectionally reflected in the plane expansion direction. Diffusion, light extraction efficiency is not so improved. Therefore, by using the light-reflective barrier 45 and the low-refractive-index layer 46 in combination, a large effect of improving the light extraction efficiency can be obtained.

(Light-emitting device: fifth embodiment)

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a fifth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 50 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 51, a first electrode (lower electrode) 52, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 53, and an organic light-emitting layer 54. First electrode (lower electrode) 52, and transparent second electrode (upper part The electrodes 53 are sequentially laminated on one surface 51a of the substrate 51. The organic light emitting layer 54 is formed between the first electrode 52 and the second electrode 53. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulating layer) 55 that divides the first electrode 52 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 51a of the substrate 51. Further, a low refractive index layer 56 is formed so as to be superposed on the second electrode (upper electrode) 53.

The light-emitting device 50 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the configuration of the organic light-emitting layer 54 and the low refractive index layer 56. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, the low refractive index layer 56 is divided into, for example, individual pixels. That is, in the fourth embodiment, the low refractive index layer 46 covers the entire second electrode (upper electrode) 43 and is formed as a continuous layer (see Fig. 4). In the fifth embodiment, the low refractive index layer 56 is divided into Multiple. Thereby, light propagating from the low refractive index layer 56 in the surface expansion direction can be blocked, and the light extraction efficiency can be further improved.

(Light-emitting device: sixth embodiment)

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a sixth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 60 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 61, a first electrode (lower electrode) 62, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 63, and an organic light-emitting layer 64. The first electrode (lower electrode) 62 and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 63 are sequentially laminated on one surface 61a of the substrate 61. The organic light emitting layer 64 is formed between the first electrode 62 and the second electrode 63. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulating layer) 65 that divides the first electrode 62 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 61a of the substrate 61.

The light-emitting device 60 of the present embodiment has a bonding layer 66 and a counter substrate 67. This aspect is different from the first embodiment. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

The counter substrate (sealing substrate) 67 is formed to overlap the second electrode (upper electrode) 63 and via the bonding layer 66. The organic light-emitting layer 64 is weak against moisture or oxygen, and it is generally necessary to perform sealing. There are various types of sealing structures known, for example, a structure in which a sealing film is directly formed by being superposed on a second electrode (upper electrode). In this case, as the sealing film, an inorganic film such as SiO ₂ , an organic film such as a polyimide resin, an inorganic-organic mixed film, an inorganic-organic interactive laminated film, or the like can be used. However, the case where the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 67 is formed via the bonding layer 66 as in the present embodiment has recently become mainstream.

The counter substrate (sealing substrate) 67 must be translucent, and for example, a hard transparent substrate such as glass or film can be applied. The bonding layer 66 may be a transparent solid layer, for example, a laminate of an inorganic film and a resin film. Further, the bonding layer 66 is also preferably a gas layer such as an air layer or a dry nitrogen gas layer, a vacuum gas layer, a vacuum layer or the like. In the case where the bonding layer 66 is a gas layer, for example, a spacer or the like is interposed between the opposite substrate (sealing substrate) 67 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 63 to maintain a specific interval and to be performed at the edge portion. Seal it.

In the above embodiment, the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 67 is further formed so as to be superposed on the second electrode (upper electrode) 63. Therefore, the organic light-emitting layer 64 having weak resistance to moisture or oxygen can be protected. The deterioration of the organic light-emitting layer 64 is prevented by the moisture or oxygen contained in the outside air (air).

(Light-emitting device: seventh embodiment)

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a seventh embodiment.

The light-emitting device 70 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 71, a first electrode (lower electrode) 72, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 73, and an organic light-emitting layer 74. The first electrode (lower electrode) 72 and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 73 are sequentially laminated on one surface 71a of the substrate 71. The organic light emitting layer 74 is formed between the first electrode 72 and the second electrode 73. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulating layer) 75 that divides the first electrode 72 and the organic light-emitting layer 74 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 71a of the substrate 71.

The light-emitting device 70 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has the bonding layer 86, the counter substrate 87, and the low refractive index layer 88. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

The counter substrate (sealing substrate) 77 is formed by being superposed on the second electrode (upper electrode) 73 and via the bonding layer 76. Further, a low refractive index layer 78 is formed between the bonding layer 76 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 73. The low refractive index layer 78 is formed, for example, of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the opposite substrate (sealing substrate) 77.

Thereby, the light extraction efficiency can be further improved. That is, when the refractive index of the air (outer gas) is 1.0 and the refractive index of the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 77 is 1.5, when the low refractive index layer 78 is not provided, the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is self-generated. The substrate directly enters the air (outer air) interface, but due to the difference in refractive index at the interface between the counter substrate (sealing substrate) and the air (outer air), the light that is deflected from the normal angle by more than 42° is totally reflected.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, for example, when the low refractive index layer 78 having a refractive index of 1.2 is provided, the interface from the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 77 and the air (outer gas) deviates from the normal line. When the angle is greater than 53°, the light is completely reversed. The light is emitted, but the light that is reflected is reflected by the light-reflective barrier 75 or the like and is extracted to the outside. That is, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, in the interface between the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 77 and the air (outer air), the light which is deviated from the normal angle by 42° to 53° is totally reflected and is not Although the light is extracted from the angle of the light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 74, only light of 42° to 53° is not extracted, and the effect of improving the light extraction efficiency by forming the low refractive index layer 78 is large.

(Light-emitting device: eighth embodiment)

Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of an eighth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 80 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 81, a first electrode (lower electrode) 82, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 83, and an organic light-emitting layer 84. The first electrode (lower electrode) 82 and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 83 are sequentially laminated on one surface 81a of the substrate 81. The organic light emitting layer 84 is formed between the first electrode 82 and the second electrode 83. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulating layer) 85 that divides the first electrode 82 and the organic light-emitting layer 84 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 81a of the substrate 81.

The light-emitting device 80 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has the bonding layer 86, the counter substrate 87, and the low refractive index layer 88. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

The counter substrate (sealing substrate) 87 is formed by being superposed on the second electrode (upper electrode) 83 and via the bonding layer 86. Further, a low refractive index layer 88 is formed between the bonding layer 86 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 83. The low refractive index layer 88 is formed, for example, of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the opposite substrate (sealing substrate) 87.

In this embodiment, the low refractive index layer 88 is divided into, for example, individual pixels. That is, in the seventh embodiment, the low refractive index layer 78 covers the entire second electrode (upper electrode) 73 and is formed as a continuous layer (see Fig. 7). In the eighth embodiment, the low refractive index layer 88 is divided into Multiple. Thereby, light propagating from the low refractive index layer 88 in the surface expansion direction can be blocked, and the light extraction efficiency can be further improved.

(Light-emitting device: ninth embodiment)

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a ninth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 90 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 91, a first electrode (lower electrode) 92, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 93, and an organic light-emitting layer 94. The first electrode (lower electrode) 92 and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 93 are sequentially laminated on one surface 91a of the substrate 91. The organic light emitting layer 94 is formed between the first electrode 92 and the second electrode 93. Further, a light-reflective barrier (insulating layer) 95 that divides the first electrode 92 and the organic light-emitting layer 94 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 91a of the substrate 91.

The light-emitting device 90 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has the bonding layer 96, the counter substrate 97, and the low refractive index layer 98. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

The counter substrate (sealing substrate) 97 is formed to overlap the second electrode (upper electrode) 93 and via the bonding layer 96. Further, a low refractive index layer 98 is formed between the bonding layer 96 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 97. The low refractive index layer 98 is formed, for example, of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the opposite substrate (sealing substrate) 97. Thereby, the refractive index difference between the bonding layer 96 and the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 97 is alleviated by the low refractive index layer 98, thereby further improving the light extraction efficiency. rate.

(Light-emitting device: tenth embodiment)

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a tenth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 100 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 101, a first electrode (lower electrode) 102, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 103, and an organic light-emitting layer 104. The first electrode (lower electrode) 102 and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 103 are sequentially laminated on one surface 101a of the substrate 101. The organic light emitting layer 104 is formed between the first electrode 102 and the second electrode 103. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulating layer) 105 that divides the first electrode 102 and the organic light-emitting layer 104 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 101a of the substrate 101.

The light-emitting device 100 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has the bonding layer 106, the counter substrate 107, and the low refractive index layer 108. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

The counter substrate (sealing substrate) 107 is formed by being superposed on the second electrode (upper electrode) 103 and via the bonding layer 106. Further, a low refractive index layer 108 is formed between the bonding layer 106 and the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 107. The low refractive index layer 108 is formed, for example, of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 107.

Further, in this embodiment, the low refractive index layer 108 is divided into, for example, individual pixels. That is, in the ninth embodiment, the low refractive index layer 98 covers the entire second electrode (upper electrode) 93 and is formed as a continuous layer (see Fig. 9). In the tenth embodiment, the low refractive index layer 108 is divided into Multiple. Thereby, light propagating from the low refractive index layer 108 in the direction of surface expansion can be interrupted, further High light extraction efficiency.

(Light-emitting device: eleventh embodiment)

Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of an eleventh embodiment.

The light-emitting device 110 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 111, a first electrode (lower electrode) 112, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 113, and an organic light-emitting layer 114. The first electrode (lower electrode) 112 and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 113 are sequentially laminated on one surface 111a of the substrate 111. The organic light emitting layer 114 is formed between the first electrode 112 and the second electrode 113. Further, a first barrier (barrier) 115a for dividing the first electrode 112 and the organic light-emitting layer 114 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 111a of the substrate 111.

The light-emitting device 110 of the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the second barrier rib 115b, the bonding layer 116, the counter substrate 117, and the low refractive index layer 118, and the organic light-emitting layer 114 are configured. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

The counter substrate (sealing substrate) 117 is formed to overlap the second electrode (upper electrode) 113 and via the bonding layer 116. Further, a second barrier (opposing barrier) 115b and a low refractive index layer 118 having light reflectivity are formed between the bonding layer 116 and the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 117. The first barrier (barrier) 115a and the second barrier (opposing barrier) 115b are formed at positions facing each other via the second electrode (upper electrode) 113. Further, the low refractive index layer 118 is formed as, for example, each pixel between the second barrier (opposing barrier) 115b. The width of the first barrier rib 115a may be greater than the width of the second barrier rib 115b. Thereby, the loss of light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 114 can be reduced.

In the eleventh embodiment, the light-reflecting first barrier (barrier) 115a and the second barrier (opposing barrier) 115b are formed at positions opposite to each other, thereby preventing light from passing along the organic light-emitting layer 114. The propagation in the extended direction and the second barrier rib 115b prevent light from propagating in the direction of surface expansion in the vicinity of the bonding layer 116 and the opposite substrate (sealing substrate) 117, and the light extraction efficiency can be further improved.

(Light-emitting device: twelfth embodiment)

Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a twelfth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 120 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 121, a first electrode (lower electrode) 122, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 123, and an organic light-emitting layer 124. The first electrode (lower electrode) 122 and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 123 are sequentially laminated on one surface 121a of the substrate 121. The organic light emitting layer 124 is formed between the first electrode 122 and the second electrode 123. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulating layer) 125 that divides the first electrode 122 and the organic light-emitting layer 124 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 121a of the substrate 121.

The light-emitting device 110 of the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it has a black matrix layer 129 finger and the organic light-emitting layer 124. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

A black matrix layer 129 is formed between the barrier (insulating layer) 125 and one surface 121a of the substrate 121, that is, inside the barrier (insulating layer) 125. The black matrix layer 129 can prevent reflection of external light, and can improve the contrast of the light-emitting device 120 and further improve visibility even in an environment such as a bright outdoor.

(Light-emitting device: thirteenth embodiment)

13A to 13D are schematic cross-sectional views showing a light-emitting device of the first embodiment.

The light-emitting device 210 has a first substrate 211, a first electrode (lower electrode) 212, a translucent second electrode (upper electrode) 213, an organic light-emitting layer 214, and a transparent insulating layer 216. The first electrode (lower electrode) 212 and the light transmissive second electrode (upper electrode) 213 are sequentially laminated on one surface 211a of the substrate 211. The organic light emitting layer 214 is formed between the first electrode 212 and the second electrode 213. The insulating film 216 covers the second electrode (upper electrode) 213.

The light-emitting device 210 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has the insulating film 216. The other components are the same as those described in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

Further, a barrier (insulator) 215 that divides the first electrode 212 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 211a of the substrate 211.

The first electrode may be patterned on each of the regions partitioned by the barrier 215 as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B. The first electrode may also form a barrier 215 on the first electrode 212 having a wider pattern than the region partitioned by the barrier 215, as shown in FIGS. 13C and 13D. In the case where the entire surface is to be illuminated for illumination purposes or the like, in the case of FIGS. 13A and 13B, a certain portion may be formed as a pattern in which the adjacent first electrodes are electrically connected to each other.

As a manufacturing process of the light-emitting device 210, for example, a process of forming a first electrode (lower electrode) 212 on the first substrate 211, and then forming a barrier 215, thereby forming an organic light-emitting layer 214 and a second electrode (upper electrode) may be used. ) 213, and insulation layer.

Since the materials used in organic EL are extremely resistant to moisture, oxygen, etc., Therefore, it is preferable to perform a sufficient dehydration step (baking step, vacuum drying step, etc.) before forming the first electrode (lower electrode) 212 and the barrier 215 before forming the organic light-emitting layer 214.

The first electrode (lower electrode) 212 has light reflectivity. For example, Ag, Al, or the like is used. The first electrode 212 is typically an anode or a cathode. In the case where the first electrode 212 is an anode, a preferable material is Ag or an Ag alloy or the like in terms of a work function and the like. On the other hand, in the case where the first electrode 212 is a cathode, Ag, an Ag alloy, Al, an Al alloy or the like can be used.

Further, in order to reduce wiring resistance and the like, auxiliary wiring may be provided in combination. The auxiliary wiring may be formed of a metal material such as Al, Ag, Ta, Ti, or Ni.

The second electrode (upper electrode) 213 is the same as the second electrode (upper electrode) 13 described in the first embodiment. In order to reduce wiring resistance and the like, an auxiliary wiring may be provided on the second electrode (upper electrode) 213. The auxiliary wiring may be formed of a metal material such as Al, Ag, Ta, Ti, or Ni.

The organic light-emitting layer 214 such as the organic light-emitting layer, the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer, the hole injection layer, and the electron injection layer may be formed in a region partitioned by the barrier 215 or may be formed in the wider barrier 215. Within the scope.

When the organic light-emitting layer 214 covers the barrier 215 and is formed over a wide range, the organic light-emitting layer 214 has a continuous film as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13C, and is as shown in FIGS. 13B and 13D. Generally, the state in which the barrier portion is formed in a state in which the segment is cut is formed. Any of these may be used in the embodiment. The problem that the organic light-emitting layer 214 is in a state of continuous film or segment cutting depends on the properties of the barrier (especially cone or liquid, etc.) The method of forming the film, the nature of the organic film material (especially when the coating is formed, the viscosity or surface tension is important).

On the other hand, when it is formed in the region partitioned by the barrier ribs, for example, it is in the state of the organic light-emitting layer 214 on the barrier-free wall in FIGS. 13B and 13D. As a method of forming the formation region of the organic light-emitting layer 214 to a specific range, for example, a split coating using a wet method such as a mask vapor deposition method, an inkjet method, or the like is employed, and LITI (Laser Induced) Thermal Imaging, Laser Induced Thermal Imaging, LIPS (Laser Induced Pattern wise Sublimation), etc., using laser methods such as photobleaching.

The action of the light-emitting device having the above configuration will be described.

As shown in FIG. 13A to FIG. 13D, if a voltage of a specific voltage value is applied between the first electrode (lower electrode) 212 of the light-emitting device 210 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 213, injection into the organic light-emitting layer is utilized. The excitons generated by the recombination of electrons and holes in 214 cause the organic light-emitting layer 14 to emit light.

Among the light (excitation light) emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 214, among the light emitted in the direction toward the insulating film 216, light having a smaller angle with respect to the normal to the substrate passes through the second electrode 213 and the transparent insulating layer 216. And shot out to the outside. However, the light having a large angle with respect to the normal line of the substrate cannot be extracted because the refractive index of the film constituting the light-emitting device 210 is different from that of the air. The problem of how much light is extracted or not depends mainly on the refractive index of the film constituting the light-emitting device 210, and is suitable for Snell's law.

Further, among the light (excitation light) emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 214, the orientation is along The light emitted in the direction of the non-transmissive first electrode (lower electrode) 212 is reflected by the surface of the first electrode 213, passes through the organic light-emitting layer 214 again, and is emitted to the transparent insulating layer 216. Among the reflected lights, light having a small angle with respect to the normal line of the substrate passes through the second electrode 213 and the insulating layer 216 and is emitted to the outside. However, the light having a large angle with respect to the normal line of the substrate cannot be extracted because the refractive index of the film constituting the light-emitting device 210 is different from that of the air. How many degrees of light are extracted depends mainly on the refractive index of the film constituting the light-emitting device 210, and is suitable for Snell's law.

On the other hand, among the light (excitation light) emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 214, light emitted in the plane spreading direction (direction perpendicular to the stacking direction) enters the barrier 215. Since the light entering the barrier 215 includes a material having light reflectivity, the light that is incident on the barrier 215 reflects the light incident thereon and preferably diffuses it. Then, the light reflected by the barrier 215 is reflected, scattered, and the like in the light-emitting device 210, and then emitted to the insulating layer 216. Among the lights, light having a small angle with respect to the normal line of the substrate passes through the second electrode 213 and the insulating layer 216 and is emitted to the outside. However, the light having a large angle with respect to the normal line of the substrate cannot be extracted because the refractive index of the film constituting the light-emitting device 210 is different from that of the air. The problem of how much light is extracted or not depends mainly on the refractive index of the film constituting the light-emitting device 210, and is suitable for Snell's law.

It is considered that the light that is not extracted from the light-emitting device 210 enters the inside of the light-emitting device 210 again, but if the barrier 215 is encountered in the process, the traveling direction is changed, and the chance of being emitted to the insulating layer 216 is again obtained. Moreover, if the angle with respect to the normal to the substrate is small at the time, it is extracted to the outside, and if the angle with respect to the normal to the substrate is large, it is again reversed in the light-emitting device 210. The light is reflected and scattered, and as long as the light exit is extracted to the outside through the insulating layer 216, the light is extracted to the outside except for the light that is internally attenuated or disappeared by the light-emitting device 210.

As described above, in the light-emitting device 210 of the present embodiment, since the barrier 215 has light reflectivity, light emitted to the barrier 215 is not absorbed by the barrier 215 or guided by the barrier 215 and is lost. Further, the light emitted to the barrier 215 is reflected by the barrier 215 and is emitted to the outside via the second electrode 213, whereby the light extraction efficiency can be greatly improved.

That is, in view of the idea that the light-emitting efficiency is improved by the control of the refractive index or the scattering property or the shape of the organic light-emitting layer in the conventional light-emitting device, in the present embodiment, the light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 214 is enclosed by The area enclosed by the barrier 215 causes light to not propagate in the direction of the barrier 215. According to the above configuration, the light emission can be limited only to the direction in which the light is to be extracted, and can be efficiently extracted without loss of light. Thereby, the light extraction efficiency can be greatly improved as compared with the previously known light-emitting device.

Further, the barrier 215 is preferably a material containing diffuse reflectance and scattering which are required to have light reflectivity and which have non-unidirectional reflection. Compared with the unidirectional reflection, the diffuse reflection and the scatterer reflect the light incident on the barrier 215 in a random direction, thereby further improving the light extraction efficiency.

Further, it is preferable that the position of the barrier rib 215 is preferably such that the periphery of the first electrode (lower electrode) 212 patterned into a specific shape is covered by the barrier 215. However, even if the barrier 215 covers only a part thereof, an effect of improving the light extraction efficiency is obtained.

(Light-emitting device: fourteenth embodiment)

Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a fourteenth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 220 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive first substrate 221, a light-reflective first electrode (lower electrode) 222, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 223, and an organic light-emitting layer 224. The light-reflective first electrode (lower electrode) 222 and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 223 are sequentially laminated on one surface 221a of the first substrate 221. The organic light emitting layer 224 is formed between the first electrode 222 and the second electrode 223. The organic light emitting layer 224 has a first charge transport layer 224a, an organic light emitting layer 224b, and a second charge transport layer 224c. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulator) 225 that divides the first electrode 222 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 221a of the substrate 21.

The configuration of the organic light-emitting layer 224 of the light-emitting device 220 of the present embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

In the light-emitting device 220 of the embodiment, the distance from the center of the light-emitting region of the organic light-emitting layer 224, that is, the center of the thickness direction of the organic light-emitting layer 224b to the upper surface of the first electrode 222 is 200 nm or more.

As one of the factors for lowering the light extraction efficiency, there is a phenomenon of surface separation from the surface based on resonance with a metal electrode. If the distance between the metal electrode and the light-emitting position becomes about 200 nm, the surface is reduced from the body phenomenon, so that the distance between the center position of the light-emitting region of the organic light-emitting layer 224 and the first electrode 222 is set to 200 nm. In the above, a higher light extraction efficiency can be achieved.

The center position of the light emitting region of the organic light emitting layer 224 and the first electrode 222 There are a plurality of methods in which the distance is 200 nm or more. For example, there is a method in which the organic light-emitting layer 224 is formed in the form of the first charge transport layer 224a, the organic light-emitting layer 224b, and the second charge transport layer 224c as shown in FIG. The film thickness of the first charge transport layer 224a is formed to be 200 nm or more.

In addition, in FIG. 14, the seal for protecting the organic EL element from moisture or oxygen is not shown. However, a method of covering the upper surface of the second electrode 223 with a transparent insulating layer as in FIG. 13 or a method of sealing using a second substrate as in the fifteenth embodiment will be used.

Further, in FIG. 14, it is depicted that the organic light-emitting layer 224 is covered on the barrier 225 to form a continuous film. However, as described in the first embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 224 may be cut at the portion where the barrier 225 is formed. The organic light-emitting layer 224 may also be formed only in a region partitioned by the barrier 225.

(Light-emitting device: fifteenth embodiment)

Fig. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a fifteenth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 230 has a light-transmissive or non-transmissive first substrate 231, a light-reflective first electrode (lower electrode) 232, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 233, and an organic light-emitting layer 234. The light-reflective first electrode (lower electrode) 232 and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 233 are sequentially laminated on one surface 231a of the first substrate 231. The organic light emitting layer 234 is formed between the first electrode 232 and the second electrode 233. Further, a light-reflective barrier (insulator) 235 that divides the first electrode 232 and the organic light-emitting layer 234 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 231a of the substrate 231.

The light-emitting device 230 of the embodiment has the second substrate 236 and low refraction. The rate layer 237, the moisture absorbing member (water absorbing layer) 238, and the sealing layer 239 are different from those of the first embodiment. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

The translucent second substrate 236 is disposed to face the first substrate 231. A low refractive index layer 237 and a moisture absorbing member (moisture absorbing layer) 238 are disposed between the second substrate 236 and the second electrode 233. Further, a sealing layer 239 for preventing moisture or oxygen from entering the inside of the light-emitting device 230 from the outside is formed on the peripheral surface of each layer between the first substrate 231 and the second substrate 236.

The second substrate (sealing substrate) 236 needs to be translucent, and for example, a hard transparent substrate such as glass or film can be applied.

The moisture absorbing member 238 protects the light emitting device 230 from moisture or oxygen. As shown in FIG. 15, when the moisture absorbing member 238 is disposed in a portion where the light is emitted, the moisture absorbing member 238 is required to be translucent. In Fig. 15, the case where the moisture absorbing member 238 is disposed in the path of light emission is shown. However, the configuration of the moisture absorbing member 283 may be disposed in a peripheral portion from which the path of the light emission is deviated. Further, if the sealing layer 239 has sufficient ability to prevent moisture from permeating, the moisture absorbing member 238 may not be formed.

The low refractive index layer 237 may be a transparent solid layer, for example, a laminate of an inorganic film and a resin film. Further, the low refractive index layer 237 is also preferably a gas layer such as an air layer or a dry nitrogen gas layer, a reduced pressure gas layer, a vacuum layer or the like. In the case where the low refractive index layer 237 is a gas layer, for example, a spacer or the like is interposed between the second substrate 236 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 233 to maintain a specific interval and seal at the edge portion. Just fine.

The low refractive index layer 237 is preferably a gas layer. The gas layer may contain various gases such as air, nitrogen, and argon, and the type of the gas is not particularly limited. Among them, from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of characteristics due to reaction with the organic light-emitting layer 234, it is preferred to use an inert gas.

From the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of characteristics due to moisture intrusion into the organic light-emitting layer 234, it is preferred to use a gas having a low humidity such as dry air. At atmospheric pressure, the refractive index of air is about 1.000293, the refractive index of nitrogen is about 1.000297, and the refractive index of argon is 1.000281. Even if other gases are included, the refractive index of the gas can be regarded as about 1.000.

It is considered that the refractive index of the gas even if it is changed is hardly changed. Therefore, the pressure of the gas layer may be any, and may be atmospheric pressure (1.01325 × 105 Pa), or may be a reduced pressure state with respect to atmospheric pressure, or may be a pressurized state. In the case of the decompressed state, although there is no absolute vacuum in reality, it may be, for example, a high vacuum state (0.1 Pa to 10 ^-5 Pa) or an ultra-high vacuum as long as the state of the gas layer 6 is maintained. Status (10 ^-5 Pa or less).

That is, regardless of the pressure of the gas, a specific distance is set when the organic light-emitting layer 234 and the second substrate 236 are not in contact with each other, and a gas having a substantially constant thickness is formed between the organic layer 234 and the second substrate 236. A layer of low refractive index layer 237. In the following description, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 237 including the gas layer is set to 1.000.

In the embodiment, when the low refractive index layer 237 is a gas layer, the emitted light is extracted to the low refractive index layer including the gas layer by the same mechanism as that described in the thirteenth embodiment. 237. Due to gas The difference in refractive index between the bulk layer and the outside is substantially zero, so that light emitted from the gas layer is extracted to the outside via the second substrate 236.

When the low refractive index layer 237 is not a gas, the low refractive index layer 237 whose refractive index is between the refractive index value of the second substrate 236 and 1.0 is disposed. The closer the value of the refractive index is to 1.0, the higher the light extraction efficiency. When the value of the refractive index is the same as that of the glass, most of the light is guided by the layer or the second substrate 236 containing glass or the like, and the effect is diffused. disappear.

Further, in Fig. 15, it is depicted that the organic light-emitting layer 234 is overlaid on the barrier 235 to form a continuous film. Alternatively, as described in the thirteenth embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 234 may be cut at a portion where the barrier 235 is formed. The organic light-emitting layer 234 may also be formed only in a region partitioned by the barrier ribs 35.

Further, when the light reflective barrier 235 is not provided and only the low refractive index layer 237 is formed, the light that jumps back at the interface between the second electrode 233 and the low refractive index layer 237 is unidirectionally reflected in the direction of surface expansion. On the diffusion, the light extraction efficiency is not so improved. Therefore, by using the light-reflective barrier 235 and the low-refractive-index layer 237 in combination, a large effect of improving the light extraction efficiency can be obtained.

(Light-emitting device: Sixteenth embodiment)

Fig. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a sixteenth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 240 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive first substrate 241, a reflective layer 246, a translucent first electrode (lower electrode) 242, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 243, an organic light-emitting layer 244, And a light reflective barrier (insulator) 245. a reflective layer 246, a translucent first electrode (lower electrode) 242, and The transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 243 is sequentially laminated on one surface 241a of the first substrate 241. The organic light emitting layer 244 is formed between the first electrode 242 and the second electrode 243. A light reflective barrier (insulator) 245 that divides the first electrode 242 and the organic layer 244 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 241a of the substrate 241.

The reflective layer 246 includes, for example, a metal film. For example, Ag, Al, or the like can be used.

The light-emitting device 240 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has the reflective layer 246. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, the distance between the center position of the light-emitting region of the organic light-emitting layer 244 and the first electrode 242 is 200 nm or more. The reason why the distance between the center position of the light-emitting region of the organic light-emitting layer 244 and the first electrode 242 is 200 nm or more is as described in the second embodiment, in that the surface is prevented from being separated from the surface by resonance with the metal. Light extraction loss caused by the phenomenon.

The method of making the distance between the center position of the light-emitting region of the organic light-emitting layer 244 and the first electrode 242 200 nm or more can be the same as the method described in the second embodiment, and in the present embodiment, the light transmittance is the same. An electrode 242 is also advantageous for pulling apart the distance between the metal and the illuminating position, and is an effective method for obtaining a distance of 200 nm or more.

Further, in FIG. 16, the seal for protecting the light-emitting device 240 from moisture or oxygen is not shown, but a method of covering with an insulating layer in the same manner as in FIG. 13 or using the method shown in FIG. The second substrate is sealed and the like.

Further, in FIG. 16, the organic light-emitting layer 244 is covered on the barrier 245 to form a continuous film. However, as described in the first embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 244 may be formed in the formed portion of the barrier 245. The cut, or organic light-emitting layer 244 is formed only in the region separated by the barrier 245.

(Light-emitting device: Seventeenth embodiment)

Fig. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a seventeenth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 250 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive first substrate 251, a reflective layer 256, a translucent intermediate layer 257, a translucent first electrode (lower electrode) 252, and a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 253, and an organic light-emitting layer 254. The reflective layer 256, the translucent intermediate layer 257, the translucent first electrode (lower electrode) 252, and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 253 are sequentially laminated on one surface 251a of the first substrate 251. The organic light emitting layer 254 is formed between the first electrode 252 and the second electrode 253. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulator) 255 that divides the first electrode 252 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 251a of the substrate 251. Furthermore, the intermediate layer 257 may be omitted as needed.

The light-emitting device 250 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has a reflective layer 256 and a translucent intermediate layer 257. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, it is also preferable that the distance between the center position of the light-emitting region of the organic light-emitting layer 254 and the first electrode 252 is 200 nm or more. The reason why the distance between the center position of the light-emitting region of the organic light-emitting layer 254 and the first electrode 252 is 200 nm or more is as described in the second embodiment, in that the surface is prevented from being separated from the surface by resonance with the metal. Phenomenon The light extraction loss.

The method described in the fourteenth embodiment can be used as a method of setting the distance between the center position of the light-emitting region of the organic layer 254 and the first electrode 252 to 200 nm or more. In the present embodiment, the intermediate layer 257 and the light-transmitting property are used. An electrode 252 is also advantageous for pulling apart the distance between the metal and the light-emitting position, which is an effective method for obtaining a distance of 200 nm or more.

In addition, in FIG. 17, the seal for protecting the light-emitting device 250 from moisture or oxygen is not shown, but a method of covering with an insulating layer as in FIG. 13 or using the method shown in FIG. The second substrate is sealed and the like.

Further, in Fig. 17, it is depicted that the organic light-emitting layer 254 is covered on the barrier 255 to form a continuous film. However, as described in the first embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 254 may be cut at the portion where the barrier 255 is formed. The organic light-emitting layer 254 may also be formed only in a region partitioned by the barrier 255.

(Light-emitting device: Eighteenth Embodiment)

Fig. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of an eighteenth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 260 has a light-transmissive or non-transmissive first substrate 261, a reflective layer 266, a translucent intermediate layer 267, a translucent first electrode (lower electrode) 262, and a translucent second electrode (upper portion Electrode) 263 and organic light-emitting layer 264. The reflective layer 266, the translucent intermediate layer 267, the translucent first electrode (lower electrode) 262, and the translucent second electrode (upper electrode) 263 are sequentially laminated on one surface 261a of the first substrate 261. The organic light emitting layer 264 is formed between the first electrode 262 and the second electrode 263. Moreover, on the first substrate 261 A light reflective barrier (insulator) 265 that divides the first electrode 262 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 261a.

In the present embodiment, the reflective layer 266 is electrically conductive, and the first electrode 262 and the reflective layer 266 are electrically connected via a via hole (connection region) P of the intermediate layer 267 formed at a specific position.

The light-emitting device 260 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has a reflective layer 266 and an intermediate layer 267. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

In Fig. 18, the path through which the light passes through the intermediate layer 267 is blocked, so that it is preferable from the viewpoint of light extraction. Further, the reflective layer 266 can also function to reduce the wiring resistance.

In addition, in FIG. 18, the seal for protecting the light-emitting device 260 from moisture or oxygen is not shown, but a method of covering with an insulating layer in the same manner as in FIG. 13 or using the method shown in FIG. The second substrate is sealed and the like.

Further, in Fig. 18, it is depicted that the organic light-emitting layer 264 covers the barrier 265 to form a continuous film. However, as described in the first embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 264 may be cut at the portion where the barrier 265 is formed. The organic light-emitting layer 264 may also be formed only in a region partitioned by the barrier 265.

(Light-emitting device: nineteenth embodiment)

Fig. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a nineteenth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 270 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive first substrate 271, a reflective layer 276, a translucent intermediate layer 277, and a translucent first electrode (lower electric) The electrode 272, the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 273, and the organic light-emitting layer 274. The reflective layer 276, the translucent intermediate layer 277, the translucent first electrode (lower electrode) 272, and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 273 are sequentially laminated on one surface 271a of the first substrate 271. The organic light emitting layer 274 is formed between the first electrode 272 and the second electrode 273. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulator) 275 that divides the first electrode 272 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 271a of the first substrate 271.

The light-emitting device 270 of the present embodiment has a reflective layer 276, a translucent intermediate layer 277, a second substrate 278, a low refractive index layer 279, a moisture absorbing member (moisture absorbing layer) 81, and a sealing layer 282. One embodiment is different. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

The translucent second substrate 278 is disposed to face the first substrate 271. A low refractive index layer 279 and a moisture absorbing member (moisture absorbing layer) 281 are disposed between the second substrate 278 and the second electrode 273. Further, a sealing layer 282 for preventing moisture or oxygen from entering the inside of the light-emitting device 270 from the outside is formed on the circumferential surface of each layer between the first substrate 271 and the second substrate 276.

In the present embodiment, the reflective layer 276 is electrically conductive, and the first electrode 272 and the reflective layer 276 are electrically connected via a via hole (connection region) P of the intermediate layer 277 formed at a specific position. In this embodiment, the path through which the light passes through the intermediate layer 277 is blocked, which is preferable from the viewpoint of light extraction.

Further, in order to prevent moisture or oxygen from entering the inside of the light-emitting device 270 from the outside by forming the light-transmissive second substrate 278 so as to face the first substrate 271, the periphery is sealed by the sealing layer 282.

The second substrate (sealing substrate) 278 is required to be translucent, and for example, a hard transparent substrate such as glass or film can be applied.

The moisture absorbing member 281 protects the light emitting device 270 from moisture or oxygen. As shown in FIG. 19, when the moisture absorbing member 281 is disposed in a portion where the light is emitted, the moisture absorbing member 281 is required to be translucent. In Fig. 19, the case where the moisture absorbing member 281 is disposed in the path of light emission is shown. However, it is also possible to arrange the configuration of the moisture absorbing member at the peripheral portion from which the path of the light emission is deviated. Further, if the sealing layer 282 has sufficient ability to prevent moisture from permeating, the moisture absorbing member may not be formed in particular.

The low refractive index layer 279 may be a transparent solid layer, for example, a laminate of an inorganic film and a resin film. Further, the low refractive index layer 279 is also preferably a gas layer such as an air layer or a dry nitrogen gas layer, a reduced pressure gas layer, a vacuum layer or the like. In the case where the low refractive index layer 279 is a gas layer, for example, a spacer or the like is interposed between the second substrate 278 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 273 to maintain a specific interval and to be sealed at the edge portion. Just fine.

The low refractive index layer 279 is preferably a gas layer. The gas layer may contain various gases such as air, nitrogen, and argon, and the type of the gas is not particularly limited. Among them, from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of characteristics due to reaction with the organic layer 274, it is preferred to use an inert gas.

From the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of characteristics due to moisture intrusion into the organic light-emitting layer 274, the refractive index of air is about 1.000293 at atmospheric pressure, the refractive index of nitrogen is about 1.000297, and the refractive index of argon is 1.000281. Even if other gases are included, the refractive index of the gas can be regarded as about 1.000.

It is considered that the refractive index of the gas even if it is changed is hardly changed. Therefore, the pressure of the gas layer may be any, and may be atmospheric pressure (1.01325 × 105 Pa), or may be a reduced pressure state with respect to atmospheric pressure, or may be a pressurized state. In the case of the decompressed state, although there is no absolute vacuum in reality, it may be, for example, a high vacuum state (0.1 Pa to 10 ^-5 Pa) or an ultra-high vacuum as long as the state of the gas layer 6 is maintained. Status (10 ^-5 Pa or less).

That is, regardless of the pressure of the gas, a specific distance is set when the organic light-emitting layer 274 and the second substrate 278 are not in contact with each other, and a gas having a substantially constant thickness is formed between the organic layer 274 and the second substrate 278. A low refractive index layer 279 of the layer. In the following description, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 279 including the gas layer was set to 1.000.

In the embodiment, when the low refractive index layer 279 is a gas layer, the emitted light is extracted to the low refractive index layer 279 containing the gas layer by the same mechanism as that described in the first embodiment. . Since the refractive index difference between the gas layer and the outside is substantially zero, the light emitted from the gas layer is extracted to the outside via the second substrate 278.

When the low refractive index layer 279 is not a gas, the low refractive index layer 279 whose refractive index is between the refractive index value of the second substrate 278 and 1.0 is disposed. The closer the value of the refractive index is to 1.0, the higher the light extraction efficiency. When the value of the refractive index is the same as that of the glass, most of the light is guided and diffused in the layer or the second substrate 278 containing glass or the like. disappear.

Further, in Fig. 19, it is depicted that the organic light-emitting layer 274 covers the barrier 275 to form a continuous film. Alternatively, as described in the first embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 274 may be cut at a portion where the barrier 275 is formed. organic The light-emitting layer 274 may also be formed only in a region separated by the barrier 275.

Further, when the light reflective barrier 275 is not provided and only the low refractive index layer 279 is formed, the light jumped back at the interface between the second electrode 273 and the low refractive index layer 279 is unidirectionally reflected in the direction of surface expansion. On the diffusion, the light extraction efficiency is not so improved. Therefore, by using the light-reflective barrier 275 and the low-refractive-index layer 279 in combination, a large effect of improving the light extraction efficiency can be obtained.

(Light-emitting device: twentieth embodiment)

20A and 20B are schematic cross-sectional views showing a light-emitting device of an eighth embodiment.

The light-emitting device 290 has a non-transparent first substrate 291, a translucent intermediate layer 296, a translucent first electrode (lower electrode) 292, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 293, and an organic light-emitting layer 294. . The translucent intermediate layer 296, the translucent first electrode (lower electrode) 292, and the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 293 are sequentially laminated on one surface 291a of the substrate 291. The organic light emitting layer 294 is formed between the first electrode 292 and the second electrode 293. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulator) 295 that divides the first electrode 292 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on one surface 291a of the substrate 291.

The light-emitting device 290 of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has a translucent intermediate layer 296. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

The first substrate 291 may or may not have conductivity. When the first substrate 291 is electrically conductive, as shown in FIG. 20B, the first electrode 272 and the first electrode can be electrically connected via the through hole (connection region) of the intermediate layer 296. Substrate 271. Further, the intermediate layer 296 may be omitted as needed.

In FIG. 20A, there is a path in which light is diffused in the intermediate layer 96. It is also preferable to block the path by patterning the intermediate layer 96 as shown in FIG. 20B, thereby improving light extraction efficiency.

Further, in FIGS. 20A and 20B, the seal for protecting the light-emitting device 90 from moisture or oxygen is not shown, but a method of covering with an insulating layer as in FIG. 13 or using FIG. 15 may be used. The method of sealing the second substrate shown and the like.

Further, in FIGS. 20A and 20B, it is depicted that the organic light-emitting layer 294 is covered on the barrier 295 to form a continuous film. However, as described in the first embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer 94 may be cut at the portion where the barrier ribs 95 are formed. The organic light-emitting layer 94 may also be formed only in a region partitioned by the barrier ribs 95.

(Light-emitting device: twenty-first embodiment)

Figure 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device of a twenty-first embodiment.

The light-emitting device 310 has a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 311, a first electrode (lower electrode) 322, a transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 323, and an organic light-emitting layer 324. The first electrode (lower electrode) 322 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 323 are sequentially laminated on one surface 321a of the substrate 321 . The organic light emitting layer 324 is formed between the first electrode 322 and the second electrode 323. Further, a light reflective barrier (insulating layer) 325 that divides the first electrode 322 into a plurality of specific regions is formed on the substrate 321 . The first electrode 322 includes a light-transmitting conductive layer 322a and a reflective metal layer 322b. Furthermore, in the embodiment, the first electrode is applied 322 includes a configuration in which the light-transmitting conductive layer 322a and the reflective metal layer 322b are described. However, the first electrode 322 may have a single-layer structure.

The configuration of the barrier 425 of the present embodiment is different from that of the barrier 15 of the first embodiment. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.

In the present embodiment, the barrier 325 includes a barrier 325a, a barrier 325b, and a light reflecting film 325c. The light reflecting film 325c is formed to cover the barrier 325a. The barrier 325b is formed to cover the light reflecting film 325c.

The barrier 325a may be any of transparent, white, and black. When the barrier 425a is black, the barrier 325a may also have a function of preventing external light from being reflected.

The light reflecting film 325c may be formed, for example, in a form of silver (Ag) or aluminum (Al). The light reflecting film 325c may also be formed of the same material as the reflective metal layer 322b. Further, in the present embodiment, the reflective metal layer 322b may not be formed.

The barrier 325b has light transmissivity, light reflectivity, and/or light scattering properties. Light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 322 and propagating in the lateral direction may be reflected by the light-reflecting film 325c. In order to improve the light extraction efficiency in order to change the direction of light travel, it is preferable that the barrier 325b has light scattering properties. Further, if the barrier 425b covers the edge of the first electrode (lower electrode) 422, the short circuit between the first electrode (lower electrode) 422 and the second electrode (upper electrode) 423 can be prevented, which is preferable in terms of improvement in yield. .

(Example of the profile of the barrier)

The cross-sectional shape of the barrier can be set to various shapes. 22A to 22E are cross-sectional views showing an example of a cross-sectional shape of a barrier rib.

In FIG. 22A, the barrier rib 133 which divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 132 on the substrate 131 is formed in a trapezoidal shape in which the upper portion is narrowed.

In FIG. 22B, the barrier 134 which divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 132 on the substrate 131 is formed in a trapezoidal shape in which the upper portion is widened.

In FIG. 22C, the barrier 135 which divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 132 on the substrate 131 is formed such that the upper portion is semicircular or semi-elliptical.

In FIG. 22D, the barrier 136 which divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 132 on the substrate 131 is formed such that the upper portion is semicircular and the top portion is a flat surface.

In FIG. 22E, the barrier 137 which divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 132 on the substrate 131 is formed such that the upper portion is triangular.

Among the shapes of the barrier ribs, the shape which is widened toward one side as shown in FIGS. 22A, 22C, 22D, and 22E has an effect of making light more easily emitted. The above effects also affect the light emission distribution, and thus are advantageous for wide viewing angles when applied to a display device. From the viewpoint of the wide viewing angle, it is preferably the shape of the barrier 137 shown in FIG. 22E, and on the other hand, in order to suppress the layer formed by laminating the barrier layer from being split at the edge portion, it is preferably as shown in FIG. 22C. Figure 22D shows the shape of the barrier 135, 136 with a curvature.

On the other hand, as a method for preferably driving the organic EL display device passively, a barrier 134 having an inverted tapered shape as shown in FIG. 22B is formed, whereby when the second electrode (upper electrode) is formed on the entire surface, A segment cut may be formed at an edge portion of the barrier 134 to form a second electrode (upper electrode) in a stripe shape. Further, in an organic EL display device whose main purpose is personal use, The structure of the barrier 134 of 22B is also effective in reducing the viewing angle and functioning as an anti-spy goggle.

(Example of the plane shape of the barrier)

The planar shape of the barrier can be set to various shapes. 23A to 23I are cross-sectional views showing an example of a planar shape of a barrier rib.

Fig. 23A is a case where each region is formed into a quadrangle.

Fig. 23B is a case where each region is formed into a circle. If each of the regions is made circular, there is an advantage that the distribution of the light reflected by the barrier is equal in all directions. In the case where the organic layer is formed by the coating method, if the corner portion is provided as a square shape, there is a problem that the coating liquid is less likely to be wet-diffused only in the portion, and in the case of a circle, there is no corner portion. Therefore, the coating liquid can be uniformly diffused. Further, in FIG. 23B, each region is drawn in a circular shape, and may be formed into an ellipse or a shape having a curvature in a corner portion of a quadrangle.

Fig. 23C shows the arrangement of each area as a six-way configuration. By setting it as a hexagonal arrangement, the ratio of the light-emitting region can be improved as compared with the embodiment of Fig. 23C.

Figure 23D is a hexagonal configuration of hexagonal regions.

Fig. 23E is a portion in which a region where no barrier is formed is disposed in one of the regions. Thereby, it is possible to prevent segment cutting when the second electrode covers the barrier, thereby improving yield and reliability.

Fig. 23F is an example in which the position of the region where the barrier is not formed in one of the regions is not in a straight line.

In the case of the embodiment shown in Fig. 23E, in the region where the barrier is not formed, the light guided in the lateral direction does not reach the end of the device. It is reflected/scattered and thus lost. On the other hand, in FIG. 23F, in the region where the barrier is not formed, the light guided in the lateral direction and the light entering the other region from the certain region encounters the barrier in the other region, and the loss of light can be suppressed. . In FIGS. 23G, 23H, and 23I, in the configuration of FIG. 23D, FIG. 23B, and FIG. 23C, each of the regions is disposed in a region where no barrier is formed.

(Structural example of barrier)

In each of the above embodiments, the barrier body is formed of a light-reflective resin such as a white resin, but the structure of the barrier is not limited thereto.

24A to 24F are cross-sectional views showing a structural example for imparting light reflectivity to a barrier.

In FIG. 24A, the barrier 143 which divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 142 formed on the substrate 141 includes a resin layer 143a and a light reflective metal layer 143b.

In FIG. 24B, the barrier rib 144 which divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 142 formed on the substrate 141 contains a reflective metal or resin layer. Further, the barrier rib 144 is disposed between the first electrode (lower electrode) 142 spaced apart from the first electrode 142. Thereby, the insulation of the adjacent first electrodes (lower electrodes) 142 is ensured.

In FIG. 24C, the barrier 145 which divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 142 formed on the substrate 141 includes a reflective metal body 145a and a resin layer 145b covering the same. In this embodiment, the upper portion of the reflective metal body 145a may be covered with the resin layer 145b. If the possibility of light propagating from the region is considered, it is preferable to form the thickness of the upper portion of the resin layer 145b. . Enter Further, it is also preferable that the shape of the resin is not formed in the portion.

In FIG. 24D, the barrier 146 which divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 142 formed on the substrate 141 includes a reflective metal body 146a, a resin layer 146b covering the same, and further includes an upper reflective layer 146c.

In FIG. 24E, the barrier 147 partitioning the first electrode (lower electrode) 142 formed on the substrate 141 includes a reflective metal layer covering at least a side surface of the first electrode (lower electrode) 142.

In FIG. 24F, the barrier 148 which divides the first electrode (lower electrode) 142 formed on the substrate 141 includes an insulating resin body 148a and a reflective metal layer 148b covering the insulating resin body 148a. Further, the reflective metal layer 148b is formed such that the lower end thereof does not contact the first electrode (lower electrode) 142, thereby ensuring insulation between the adjacent first electrodes (lower electrodes) 142.

(Display device: Twenty-second embodiment)

Figure 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device of a twenty-second embodiment.

In this embodiment, a top emission type organic EL display device that drives an active matrix of a light-emitting device is shown. The organic EL display device (display device) 150 includes a translucent or non-transmissive substrate 151, a first electrode (lower electrode) 152, a translucent second electrode (upper electrode) 153, an organic light-emitting layer 154, and light. A light-emitting device 157 of a reflective barrier (insulating layer) 155. The organic light emitting layer 154 is formed between the first electrode 152 and the second electrode 153. The barrier 155 divides the first electrode 152 into a plurality of specific regions.

Further, a film is formed between the substrate 151 and the first electrode (lower electrode) 152. It is an active matrix drive element (drive unit) 160 which is an example of a drive unit. A gate electrode 160a and a gate oxide film 158 are formed on the substrate 151. An active layer 160d, a source electrode 160b, and a drain electrode 160c are formed on the gate oxide film 158, and an interlayer insulating film 159 is further formed. A contact hole is formed in the interlayer insulating film 159 to electrically connect the drain electrode 160c and the first electrode 152. The active matrix driving element 160 includes a gate electrode 160a, a gate oxide film 158, a source electrode 160b, a drain electrode 160c, an active layer 160d, and the like.

The active matrix drive element (drive unit) 160 that controls the light emission of the light-emitting device 157 functions as a switch application and a drive application. The active matrix driving element 160 described above can be formed using well-known materials, structures, and forming methods.

Examples of the material of the active layer 160d include inorganic semiconductor materials such as amorphous silicon, polysilicon, microcrystalline germanium, and cadmium selenide, and oxides such as zinc oxide and indium oxide-gallium oxide-zinc oxide. A semiconductor material, or an organic semiconductor material such as a polythiophene derivative, a thiophene oligomer, a poly(p-phenylacetylene) derivative, a condensed tetraphenyl, or a pentacene. Moreover, examples of the structure of the TFT include a staggered type, an inverted staggered type, a top gate type, and a coplanar type.

As a method of forming the active layer 160d, (1) a method of ion doping impurities in an amorphous germanium formed by a plasma-induced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method; (2) An amorphous germanium is formed by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method using a decane (SiH ₄ ) gas, and the amorphous germanium is crystallized by a solid phase growth method to obtain a polycrystalline germanium. a method of ion doping by ion implantation; (3) forming an amorphous germanium by LPCVD using Si ₂ H ₆ gas or PECVD using SiH ₄ gas, by laser such as excimer laser After annealing, crystallizing the amorphous germanium to obtain polycrystalline germanium, performing ion doping (low temperature process); (4) forming a polycrystalline germanium layer by LPCVD or PECVD, and performing thermal oxidation at a temperature of 1000 ° C or higher. Thereby forming a gate insulating film, forming a gate electrode of n ⁺ polysilicon thereon, followed by ion doping (high temperature process); (5) a method of forming an organic semiconductor material by an inkjet method or the like; 6) The square of the single crystal film of the organic semiconductor material is obtained. Wait.

The gate insulating film 158 can be formed using a known material. For example, SiO ₂ formed by a PECVD method, an LPCVD method, or the like, or SiO ₂ obtained by thermally oxidizing a polycrystalline germanium film can be used. Further, the signal electrode line, the scan electrode line, the common electrode line, the first drive electrode, and the second drive electrode of the TFT can be formed using a known material, and examples thereof include tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu). )Wait.

The interlayer insulating film 159 can be formed using a known material, and examples thereof include inorganic materials such as cerium oxide (SiO ₂ ), cerium nitride (SiN or Si ₂ N ₄ ), and cerium oxide (TaO or Ta ₂ O ₅ ). Or an organic material such as an acrylic resin or a resist material. Further, examples of the method for forming the film include a dry process such as a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method or a vacuum vapor deposition method, and a wet process such as a spin coating method. Further, it may be patterned by photolithography or the like as needed.

Further, when the active matrix driving element 160 is formed on the substrate 151, a convexo-concave is formed on the surface thereof, and the light-emitting device 157 is caused to have defects such as a pixel electrode, a defect of the organic EL layer, and a counter electrode. Broken wire, short circuit of the pixel electrode and the counter electrode, reduction in withstand voltage, and the like. In order to prevent such a phenomenon, a planarizing film may be further provided on the interlayer insulating film 159.

The planarizing film can be formed using a known material, and examples thereof include inorganic materials such as cerium oxide, cerium nitride, and cerium oxide, and organic materials such as polyimine, acrylic resin, and resist material. Examples of the method for forming the planarizing film include a dry process such as a CVD method and a vacuum vapor deposition method, and a wet process such as a spin coating method. However, the present embodiment is not limited to these materials and a forming method. Further, the planarizing film may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure.

Further, a color filter, a color conversion film, or the like may be further combined on the organic EL display device (display device) 150. In the case of combination with a color filter, the luminescent color is usually set to white. Further, in the case of combining with a color conversion film, the luminescent color is usually set to blue.

(Display device: Twenty-third embodiment)

Figure 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a display device of a twenty-third embodiment.

The organic EL display device (display device) 170 includes a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate 171, a first electrode (lower electrode) 172, a second electrode (upper electrode) 173, an organic light-emitting layer 174, and a light-reflective barrier Light-emitting device 182 (insulating layer) 175. The organic light emitting layer 174 is formed between the first electrode 172 and the second electrode 173. A barrier (insulating layer) 175 divides the first electrode 172 into a plurality of specific regions.

Further, the substrate 171 is opposed to the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 177. When the substrate 171 and the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 177 are bonded to each other, The sealing layer 176 and the low refractive index layer 181 are disposed. When the sealing layer 176 and the low refractive index layer 181 are not used, the substrate 171 and the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 177 are opposed to each other by using a sealing resin, a resin, or the like in the peripheral portion of the substrate without the light-emitting element. Fit it. The sealing layer 176 contains a solid layer such as a resin, and may have adhesiveness, moisture and oxygen permeability prevention property, moisture, or oxygen absorption property. The low refractive index layer 181 is formed, for example, of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the counter substrate (sealing substrate) 177 as long as it contains a solid layer or a gas layer (dry air layer, nitrogen gas layer, reduced pressure gas layer, vacuum) Layer, etc.).

Further, an active matrix driving element (driving portion) 180 as an example of a driving portion is formed between the substrate 171 and the first electrode (lower electrode) 172. A gate electrode 180a and a gate oxide film 178 are formed on the substrate 171. An active layer 180d, a source electrode 180b, and a drain electrode 180c are formed on the gate oxide film 178, and an interlayer insulating film 179 is further formed. A contact hole is formed in the interlayer insulating film 179 to electrically connect the gate electrode 180c and the first electrode 172. The active matrix driving element 180 includes a gate electrode 180a, a gate oxide film 178, a source electrode 180b, a gate electrode 180c, an active layer 160d, and the like.

(Light-emitting device: twenty-fourth embodiment)

In order to improve the conductivity of the first electrode (lower electrode), it is preferable to form a light-reflective barrier on the light-emitting device further including the auxiliary electrode.

27A and 27B are schematic cross-sectional views showing a light-emitting device of a fifteenth embodiment. In addition, FIG. 27A is a plan view when the light-emitting device is viewed from above. Figure 27B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A' of Figure 27A.

The light-emitting device 200 of this embodiment is a light-transmitting or non-transmissive substrate An auxiliary wiring 209 is formed on 201. It is only necessary to arrange one or a plurality of auxiliary wirings 209. The auxiliary wiring 209 is usually made of a metal material having a low resistance value such as Al or Ag. In the case where the plurality of auxiliary wirings 209 are disposed, they may be arranged, for example, in a stripe shape or a lattice shape.

The auxiliary wiring 209 is covered by the first electrode (lower electrode) 202. The first electrode (lower electrode) 202 is made of, for example, a metal electrode material, and has a film thickness of, for example, about 100 nm to 300 nm. In order to form the first electrode 202 into a specific shape, a method of patterning by photolithography or the like, or mask vapor deposition or the like may be employed.

A light reflective barrier 205 is formed between the adjacent first electrodes (lower electrodes) 202. Even if the barrier 205 covers only a portion of the periphery of the first electrode (lower electrode) 202, the effect of improving the light extraction efficiency can be obtained, and it is preferable to surround the entire periphery, which is most effective for improving the light extraction efficiency. Further, in FIG. 27A, the opening area of the light-reflective barrier 205 is depicted as a square shape, and may be a rectangle, a circle, or the like. The size of the opening of the barrier 205 is not limited, and various sizes such as an opening diameter of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm can be selected.

An organic light emitting layer 204 is formed on the first electrode (lower electrode) 202. As the organic light-emitting layer 204, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, a hole barrier layer, an electron transport layer, a laminated film of an electron injection layer, or the like can be used. A second electrode (upper electrode) 203 is formed on the organic light emitting layer 204. The second electrode (upper electrode) 203 may be a transparent electrode material such as ITO or IZO.

Further, although not shown in FIGS. 27A and 27B, in order to protect the light-emitting device 200 from corrosion or deterioration caused by moisture or oxygen in the atmosphere, it is preferable to use a counter substrate or the like.

Further, when the shape of the barrier 205 is reversed or the like, and the second electrode (upper electrode) 203 may be cut, as shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, it is preferable to form the barrier 205. No part of the step.

(Application example of light-emitting device)

Examples of the application of the light-emitting device include a cellular phone shown in FIG. 29A and an organic EL television shown in FIG. 29B.

The mobile phone 1000 shown in FIG. 29A includes a main body 1001, a display unit 1002, an audio input unit 1003, an audio output unit 1004, an antenna 1005, an operation switch 1006, and the like. The display unit 1002 uses the light-emitting devices of the above-described embodiments. Further, a driving unit for controlling the light-emitting device is incorporated.

The television receiver 1100 shown in FIG. 29B includes a main body casing 1101, a display unit 1102, a speaker 1103, and a holder 1104. The display unit 1102 uses the light-emitting devices of the above-described embodiments. Further, a driving unit for controlling the light-emitting device is incorporated.

In such a mobile phone or an organic EL television, since the light-emitting device of each of the above embodiments is used, the brightness is high and the display quality is excellent.

Further, as an application example of the light-emitting device, for example, it can be applied to a ceiling lamp (illuminating device) shown in Fig. 30A. The ceiling lamp 1400 shown in FIG. 30A includes an illumination unit 1401, a spreader 1402, a power supply line 1403, and the like. Further, as the illumination unit 1401, the light-emitting device of each of the above embodiments can be preferably applied. Further, a driving unit for controlling the light-emitting device is incorporated.

By applying the light-emitting device according to the embodiment of the present invention to the illumination unit 1401 of the ceiling lamp 1400, it is possible to obtain a bright and natural-looking illumination light with less power consumption, and it is possible to realize a lighting fixture having high color rendering properties. Further, it is also possible to realize a lighting fixture that emits a surface that emits light with uniform illumination and high color purity.

Further, as an application example of the light-emitting device, for example, it can be applied to the illumination holder shown in Fig. 30B. The illumination holder 1500 shown in FIG. 30B includes an illumination unit 1501, a holder 1502, a power switch 1503, a power supply line 1504, and the like. Further, as the illumination unit 1501, the light-emitting device of each of the above embodiments can be preferably applied. Further, a driving unit for controlling the light-emitting device is incorporated.

By applying the light-emitting device according to the embodiment of the present invention to the illumination unit 1501 of the illumination holder 1500, it is possible to obtain illumination light having a bright and natural color with less power consumption, and it is possible to realize a lighting fixture having high color rendering properties. Further, it is also possible to realize a lighting fixture that emits a surface that emits light with uniform illumination and high color purity.

[Industrial availability]

Aspects of the present invention are applicable to a light-emitting element, and more particularly, to a display device, a display system, a lighting device, a lighting system, and the like.

10‧‧‧Lighting device

11‧‧‧Substrate

11a‧‧‧One side of the substrate 11

12‧‧‧First electrode (lower electrode)

13‧‧‧Second electrode (upper electrode)

14‧‧‧Organic light-emitting layer

15 ‧ ‧ barrier

F1‧‧‧light emitted in the direction of the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 13

F2‧‧‧light emitted in the direction toward the non-transmissive first electrode (lower electrode) 12

F3‧‧‧Light emitted in the direction of the surface expansion (the direction perpendicular to the direction of the laminate)

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a third embodiment of the present invention; Figure.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 13B is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 13C is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention; Surface map.

Figure 13D is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 20A is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 20B is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to a twenty-first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 22A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a sectional shape of a barrier rib.

Fig. 22B is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a sectional shape of a barrier rib.

Fig. 22C is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a sectional shape of a barrier rib.

Fig. 22D is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a sectional shape of a barrier rib.

Fig. 22E is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a sectional shape of a barrier rib.

Fig. 23A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a shape of a barrier rib.

Fig. 23B is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the shape of the barrier rib.

Fig. 23C is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the shape of the barrier rib.

Fig. 23D is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the shape of the barrier rib.

Fig. 23E is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the shape of the barrier rib.

Fig. 23F is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the shape of the barrier rib.

Fig. 23G is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the shape of the barrier rib.

Fig. 23H is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the shape of the barrier rib.

Fig. 23I is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the shape of a barrier rib.

Fig. 24A is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a barrier rib.

Fig. 24B is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a barrier rib.

Fig. 24C is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a barrier rib.

Fig. 24D is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a barrier rib.

Fig. 24E is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a barrier rib.

Fig. 24F is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a barrier rib.

Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to a twenty-second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to a twenty-third embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting device according to a twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 27B is a view showing a light-emitting device according to a twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention; Sectional view.

Fig. 28A is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the twenty-fourth embodiment.

Fig. 28B is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the twenty-fourth embodiment.

Fig. 29A is a perspective view showing a display device as an application example of the light-emitting device of the present invention.

Fig. 29B is an external view showing a display device which is an application example of the light-emitting device of the present invention.

Fig. 30A is an external view showing a lighting device as an application example of the light-emitting device of the present invention.

Fig. 30B is an external view showing a lighting device which is an application example of the light-emitting device of the present invention.

10‧‧‧Lighting device

11‧‧‧Substrate

11a‧‧‧One side of the substrate 11

12‧‧‧First electrode (lower electrode)

13‧‧‧Second electrode (upper electrode)

14‧‧‧Organic light-emitting layer

15 ‧ ‧ barrier

F1‧‧‧light emitted in the direction of the transparent second electrode (upper electrode) 13

F2‧‧‧light emitted in the direction toward the non-transmissive first electrode (lower electrode) 12

F3‧‧‧Light emitted in the direction of the surface expansion (the direction perpendicular to the direction of the laminate)

Claims (24)

A light-emitting device comprising: a first substrate; a first electrode sequentially laminated on one surface of the first substrate; and a second electrode including a transparent conductive material, formed between the first electrode and the second electrode The organic light-emitting layer and the first barrier wall dividing the at least the first electrode into a specific region, and the first barrier layer includes a material having light reflectivity, and the light emitted by the organic light-emitting layer is emitted to the second electrode through the second electrode external. The light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode has a light-shielding property. The illuminating device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises a light reflective conductive material. The light-emitting device of claim 3, further comprising an insulating film covering the second electrode and the barrier rib. The illuminating device of claim 3, further comprising a second substrate disposed on the second electrode. The light-emitting device of claim 5, further comprising a low refractive index layer disposed between the second substrate and the second electrode and having a lower refractive index than the second substrate. The light-emitting device of claim 6, wherein the low refractive index layer is a gas. The light-emitting device of claim 6 or 7, further comprising a moisture absorbing member between the first substrate and the second substrate. The light-emitting device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising a light-reflective opposing barrier provided on the second substrate and facing the barrier. The light-emitting device of claim 1, further comprising: a reflective layer disposed between the first substrate and the first electrode; and an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the reflective layer, and the first electrode The light transmissive conductive material is included, and the intermediate layer includes a light transmissive material. The illuminating device of claim 10, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a connection region electrically connected to the first electrode and the reflective layer. The illuminating device of claim 11, further comprising a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate, a low refractive index disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and having a lower refractive index than the second substrate a layer and a moisture absorbing member disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The light-emitting device of claim 1, further comprising an intermediate layer disposed between the first substrate and the first electrode, wherein the first substrate comprises a light-reflective material, and the first electrode comprises a light-transmitting conductive material, The intermediate layer contains a light transmissive material. The illuminating device according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the barrier rib and the reflective layer are in contact with each other. The illuminating device of any one of claims 1 to 7 and 10 to 13, wherein The interval between the center position of the light-emitting region of the organic layer and the first electrode is set to 200 nm or more. The light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 10 to 13, wherein the material contained in the barrier rib is further a material having light diffusibility. The illuminating device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 10 to 13, wherein said material contained in said barrier rib is white. The light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 10 to 13, wherein the material contained in the barrier rib comprises a resin and fine particles dispersed in the resin. The light-emitting device of claim 18, wherein the particle diameter of the particles is 200 nm or more and 5 μm or less. The illuminating device of any one of claims 1 to 7 and 10 to 13, wherein the first barrier rib includes a second barrier rib, a third barrier rib, and a light reflecting film, wherein the second barrier rib is formed on the first substrate, The light reflecting film covers the second barrier, the third barrier covers the light reflecting film, and the third barrier comprises a light transmissive material. The illuminating device of claim 20, wherein the second barrier is black. The illuminating device of claim 20, wherein the material contained in the third barrier wall further has light scattering properties. A lighting device comprising the light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 10 to 13, and a driving unit that controls the light-emitting device. A display device comprising the light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 10 to 13, and a drive unit for controlling the light-emitting device.