TW201247112A - Infant formula for use in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

An infant formula comprising at least a source of proteins, a source of lipids, a source of carbohydrates, wherein the protein content is below 2.1g/100kcal, for use in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, in particular for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases associated with high blood pressure. Preferably said composition is a starter infant formula.

Description

201247112 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to infant formulas, preferably neonatal formulations, for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and for the prevention of hypertension, especially in later life. [Prior Art] Blood pressure is the force by which blood pushes the arterial wall when the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and remains high over time, it can damage the body in a variety of ways. Blood pressure values include systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood. Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure at rest when the heart is beating. Hypertension is a serious condition associated with higher-risk cardiovascular disease and can lead to, for example, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and other health problems. Among cardiovascular diseases, one of the symptoms or causes of hypertension is particularly interesting. Blood pressure is a disease condition caused by persistent high blood pressure. Hypertensive system is a chronic medical condition in which the heart's arterial blood pressure is outside the normal range. The range of hypertension usually means a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 9 〇 _Hg or higher. Classify high blood | as primary (_machi, essential) or secondary. About 9 to 95% of cases are called "primary hypertension", which refers to hypertension that has not been found for medical reasons. The remaining 5% to 10% of cases (secondary hypertension) are caused by other conditions affecting the kidney's arteries, heart or endocrine system. The incidence of hypertension worldwide is increasing. In addition, even in the absence of performance 163923.doc 201247112

Mild or mild symptoms, such as in the brain; in terms of infant nutrition, human breast milk represents the undisputed gold standard. However, in some cases, breastfeeding is inadequate or unsatisfactory for medical reasons, or because the mother chooses not to breastfeed. Infant formulas have been developed for these situations. WO 2010/070613 A2 relates to infant feeding formulations and related systems. More specifically, it discloses infant formulas for premature infants with low protein content (less than 1 g/100 mL) and low energy content (less than 50 kcal/100 mL). No blood pressure related data was provided. WO 2007/004878 A2 relates to a method for the treatment and/or prevention of childhood obesity comprising the administration of a nutritional composition comprising fat, digestible carbohydrates and proteins, wherein the protein comprises at least 25% by weight of the protein by dry weight of protein A peptide of 25 to 30 amino acids in length. It reveals lower membrane secretion. WO 2006/069918 A1 relates to the use of an infant formula having a reduced protein content for continuously reducing the circulating amount of IGF-1 during the first few months of an infant's life. 163923.doc • 4· 201247112 EP 1932437 A1 relates to an infant formula for infants at risk of developing obesity in later life, having an energy density of less than 650 kcal/liter and less than 1.8 g/100 The protein content of kcal. It does not address blood pressure. • Tf; 73⁄43⁄4 is a review paper by Fruhkindlichc ErnShrung und sp note teres Adipositasrisiko” (Bundesgesundheitsbl. 2010, 53: 666-673). Koletzko et al. discuss the potential benefits of low protein content formulations for reducing the risk of obesity. Therefore, there is a need in the industry for infant formulas that are commonly used to prevent cardiovascular disease or hypertension in later life. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention provides an infant formula comprising at least a protein source, a lipid source, a carbohydrate source, wherein the protein content is less than 2丨g/1〇〇kcal, and the infant formula is used to prevent especially in later life. Cardiovascular disease or high blood pressure. Another aspect of the present invention is a method of preventing cardiovascular disease in a patient, comprising: feeding the patient with an infant formula during at least three months after the birth of the patient and within one year, wherein the infant formula comprises at least a protein source, a lipid Source, carbohydrate source 'and wherein the infant formula has a protein content of less than 2.1 g/100 kcal 0. The re-state of the invention is a method for preventing hypertension in a patient, comprising at least two months after the patient is born The patient is fed with an infant formula during the period of one year, 'the infant formula contains at least a protein source, a lipid source, a carbohydrate source' and wherein the protein content of the infant formula is less than 2.1 g/100 kcal 0 163923.doc 201247112 The inventors have surprisingly found that infant formulas for use in accordance with the present invention are particularly advantageous for the prevention of hypertension and potential cardiovascular diseases, in particular, cardiovascular diseases associated with hypertension. This covers coronary heart disease, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, hypertensive retinopathy, hypertensive encephalopathy, stroke, and kidney failure. Although the infant formula is fed only when the patient is an infant, a preventive effect can be observed in the later life of the same patient (e.g., just up to 3 years old). [Embodiment] The following terms as used herein have the following meanings. The term "baby" means a child who is under 2 months of age. The term "infant formula" means a food intended for the specific nutritional use of an infant during the first year of life and which meets the nutritional requirements of such a person, as in the European Commission Directive 91/321 of May 14, 1991. Defined in EEC (Eur〇pean Commission Directive 91/321/EEC). The term "infant formula" includes hypoallergenic infant formulas. The term "infant formula" includes neonatal formula and larger infant formula (f〇U〇w 〇n. surgery " neonatal formula" means an infant intended for use during the first 4 months to 6 months of life. A food for a specific nutritional use. A large infant formula means a specific nutritional use intended for infants aged 4 months to 9 months, up to 12 months, and in a diet in which such persons are increasingly diversified A food that constitutes a major liquid element. The term "preventing cardiovascular disease" means preventing the frequency and/or incidence and/or severity and/or duration of cardiovascular disease, usually in later life. Rate refers to the number of any cardiovascular disease I63923.doc 201247112. Risk refers to the possibility of cardiovascular disease. Frequency refers to the number of times of the same cardiovascular disease. Duration refers to the total duration of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular Diseases are specifically diseases related to hypertension. Cardiovascular diseases include, for example, coronary heart disease, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and hypertensive retinopathy. Change, hypertensive encephalopathy, stroke, and kidney failure. Based on population estimates, a 2 mmHg reduction in diastolic blood pressure can reduce the risk of stroke by 15% and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 6% (c〇〇k nr,

Cohen J ^ Hebert P > Taylor JO . Hennekens CH. Implications of small reductions in diastolic blood pressure for primary prevention. Arch Intern Med"1995; 155: 701-709). The term "in later life" covers the effects of termination of intervention. The effect of "in later life" may be months or years after the termination of the intervention. Therefore, "after life" can mean at the age of 3, during adolescence or during adulthood. In the case of young children, this refers to the age of 25 to 1 (). In the case of adolescents, it refers to the age of 10 to 20 years of age. In the adult's love ‘Brother’s #系^ 1 8 years old or older. More generally, the duration of use of the infant formula of the present invention has an effect on the meaning of "future life." All percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated. According to the present invention, the infant formula is preferably used for preventing cardiovascular diseases associated with hypertension. In other words, hypertension can be one of the symptoms or causes of these cardiovascular diseases. Preferably, the protein content of the formula is in the range of 16 g < (9) kcd to 2" g kCal. Preferably, the protein content is less than 2.0 g/100, more preferably less than 1,9 g/100 kcal and even more preferably less than 1.85 g/100 163923.doc 201247112 kca. For example, the protein content is in 丨6 G/1〇〇kcai to 2 〇kcal range, preferably! 6 g / 1 〇〇 kca 丨 to 1 9 g / i 〇〇 (2) 丨 range, more preferably in the range of 1.6g / l 〇〇 kcal to 1.85g / l 〇〇 kcal. Milk protein can be derived from cow's milk, goat's milk, ewe's milk, buffalo milk, camel milk, mare's milk and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the protein source is selected from the milk protein 'partial milk hydrolysate, hypoallergenic milk protein hydrolysate, and mixtures thereof. These proteins may be either intact proteins or hydrolyzed proteins, or a mixture of intact and hydrolyzed proteins. Preferably, the embodiment of the infant formula comprises unhydrolyzed whey protein. In embodiments, the protein source for the infant formula can be based on whey, casein, and mixtures thereof, as well as a soy-based protein source. Therefore, the protein source preferably comprises whey protein, albumin or a mixture of the two, and the protein source is preferably only whey protein, brewing protein or a mixture of the two. In a preferred embodiment, the protein source is a mixture of whey protein and casein, the ratio of whey/casein is at least equal to 50/50, preferably at least equal to 6〇/4〇, more preferably at least equal to 70/30〇 In the case of whey proteins, the protein source may be based on acid whey or sweet whey or a mixture thereof' and may include alpha-lactalbumin and galactoglobulin in any desired ratio. When the infant formula contains whey protein, most of the road protein-sugar-macropeptide (CGMP) has been removed from the whey protein, i.e., the CGMP content is low. Preferably, the CGMP content is reduced by at least 80 〇/〇 relative to the native whey protein. For example, the protein source may comprise a hydrolyzed sweet whey fraction wherein more than 85% of the originally present CGmp has been removed, for example as disclosed in Example 1 of 163, 923, doc 201247112 EP 1220620 B1. It may be desirable to provide a partially hydrolyzed protein to, for example, an infant believed to be at risk of having a cow's milk allergy. Partially hydrolyzed protein composition, wherein the protein/peptide population is 60°/. The molecular weight to 70% is less than 1000 Daltons (Dah〇n). Partially hydrolyzed proteins are generally considered to have low sensitization (HA). The degree of hydrolysis of the milk protein hydrolysate can be described by NPN/TN%. A measure of the soluble peptide produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of non-protein nitrogen to total nitrogen. NPN/TN% means non-protein nitrogen divided by total nitrogen x100. Can be like Adler_Nisse n j_, 1979, j

The measurement of NPN/TN/〇 is detailed in Agric. F〇〇d Chem., 27 (6), 1256-1262. Typically, s, partially hydrolyzed protein is characterized by npn/TN% in the range of 75% to 85%. Preferably, the NPN/TN% of the protein hydrolysate is between 70% and 90%. /. Preferably, it is in the range of 75% to 85%. If hydrolyzed proteins are desired, the hydrolysis process can be carried out as needed and as known in the art. For example, the whey protein hydrolysate can be prepared by enzymatically hydrolyzing the whey fraction in one or more steps. If the whey fraction used as the starting material is substantially free of lactose, it is found that the protein undergoes much less peracid acid retardation during the hydrolysis process. This makes it possible to reduce the degree of amino acid retardation from about 15% by weight of total lysine to less than about 1% by weight of the amine acid; for example, about 7% by weight of the amino acid, which significantly improves the protein. The nutritional quality of the source. Free arginine, free histidine, free taurine, free tyrosine and leucine-containing milk protein, free tryptophan or mixtures thereof may be added. Nucleotides and carnitine can also be added to the infant formula as a nitrogen source. Thus, the protein source may comprise whey protein, passin, hydrolysate thereof and 163923.doc 201247112 Suitable sources of water-repellent compounds are lactose, sucrose, maltodextrin, starch. A mixture thereof can be used. The carbohydrate source preferably comprises lactose. Preferably, the carbohydrate source comprises at least 80 〇/〇 lactose, a sucrose from the shole, more preferably at least 9% lactose, and even more preferably at least 95% lactose 〇 in a preferred embodiment, a carbohydrate source It is only lactose. Usually 'when the infant formula contains the pilgrimage to the lord, the 0 3 hole sugar is used at 9 g/100 kcal to 13 g/1 〇〇 Real, preferably 10 g/1 〇〇 _12 gn 〇〇 _ The amount within the range exists. Infant formulas usually contain a source of lipids. In this case, the lipid source can be any lipid or fat suitable for use in an infant formula. Preferred fat sources include milk fat, safflower oil, egg yolk lipid, canola oil, eucalyptus oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, fish oil, palm oil, high oleic sunflower oil and high oleic red palladium oil. And microbial fermentation oils containing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The lipid source may also be in the form of a portion derived from such oils, such as palm olein, medium chain triglycerides, and esters of fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and the like. Dosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, capric acid, caprylic acid, caproic acid, and the like. A small amount of oil containing a large amount of pre-formed arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid may also be added, such as fish oil or microbial oil. The ratio of fatty acid to n-3 fatty acid in the fat source is preferably from about 5:1 to about 15 :1 ; for example, about 8:1 to about 1 〇: 1. In the examples, the energy density of the infant formula comprises from 6 〇〇 kcal/L to 78 ke keal/L, preferably from 630 keal/L to 700 keal/L. The infant-free formula preferably also contains all of the vitamins and minerals deemed necessary in the daily diet in a nutritionally effective amount. Minimum requirements for certain vitamins and minerals have been established. Infant formula makes minerals, vitamins and other substances as appropriate 163923.doc • 10· 201247112 Examples of nutrients include vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin C, vitamin D , folic acid, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, choline, calcium, filling, magnetic, iron, town, copper, zinc, fierce, gas, bell, sodium, strontium, chromium, turpent, taurine and L-carnitine. Minerals are usually added in the form of a salt. The presence and amount of specific minerals and other vitamins will vary depending on the established population. If desired, the infant formula may contain emulsifiers and stabilizers such as soy lecithin, citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides, and the like. The infant formula may also contain at least one probiotic. Preferred probiotics are those that are safe at all times, produce L(+) lactic acid cultures, and have acceptable shelf life for products such as infant formulas and larger infant formulas, which are required to be long Stable and effective for 36 months. Infant formulations preferably have a reduced level of electrolyte compared to standard infant formulas and larger infant formulas. For example, the NA/K ratio (mm〇1) can be about 0.4 '(Na+K)/Cl ratio (mm〇i) can be about i 8, Na+K+C1 can be about 34 (mmol)' And (Na+K)-Cl can be about 1 〇 (mm〇i). The infant formula preferably has a low phosphate content and preferably has a phosphorus content of less than 40 mg/100 kcal. Preferably, the calcium content of the infant formula is between 35 g/i pawl 1^ and 45 g/1〇〇mL, and the phosphorus content is between 15 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL and Ca/ The P ratio is between 1.4 and 3. Infant formulas may also contain other substances that may have beneficial effects, such as lactoferrin, fiber, core (4), core #, and the like. All uses described herein are especially intended for infants and young children, especially between the months of life and 36 months. In particular, infant formula and 163923.doc 201247112 are suitable for cardiovascular risk. Infants, specifically infants with a family history of cardiovascular disease. More specifically, the infant formula and use are suitable for infants at risk of having a cardiovascular disease associated with hypertension (in other words, hypertension is one of the symptoms or causes of cardiovascular disease). The infant formula can be a neonatal formula or a larger infant formula, and the composition is preferably a neonatal formula. The infant formula used in accordance with the present invention is used as a liquid composition for infant consumption. However, the infant formula can be provided as an infant formula which can be reconstituted in liquid form by mixing the infant formula powder with water. The dosage regimen for infant formulas can be designed based on three parameters that can be combined and will be detailed as follows: _ Infant formula for daily food intake, - duration of program, - start of program 曰period. In this specification, food intake is assessed by energy intake. Preferably, the infant formula should comprise at least 50% of the infant's daily food (or energy) intake ‘more preferably at least _ or even at least 7% of the infant's daily food (or energy) intake. In another preferred embodiment, the infant formula comprises at least 8% of the infant's daily food (or energy) intake. Preferably, the infant formula represents the sole food (or energy) intake of the infant. This program should preferably be maintained for at least 3 months after the baby is born. The regimen can last for more than 3 months, for example at least 6 months, and even as long as the infant formula is the appropriate food for this age category. For example, the program can be aged from 3 months to 6 months, or even up to 9 months or 163923.doc -12· 201247112 12 months. Preferably, the regimen begins at the time of birth of the infant (including premature infants) and ends within one year of birth. The program can evolve during the life of the baby. During the first 4 months to 6 months after birth, the infant formula can be a neonatal formula and can represent the infant's intake during that period. - Once the food is diversified, the infant formula can be compared to the amount of the formula. It then takes up less than 9%, 40%, or 5% of the food (or energy) intake of the lower infant, for example, up to 9%, 8%, or 70% of the intake of food (or energy). /. Depending on the amount of non-formulated food given to the baby. Generally, the amount of unformulated food increases over time. For example, infant formula accounts for at least 5% of daily food (or energy) intake for at least 3 months to 6 months after birth and within one year. Preferably, the infant formula accounts for at least the daily food (or energy) intake of the infant during the first 3 months of the infant's life up to the first 6 months (ie within 3 months to 6 months after birth). 50% ^ or even better, during at least the first 3 months of the baby's life up to the first 6 months, the infant formula accounts for at least one of the baby's daily food (or energy) intake in the infant's life. For at least the first 3 months, the infant formula represents the only food (or energy) intake of the baby. " The present invention also relates to a method of preventing cardiovascular disease in a patient or a method of preventing hypertension in a patient, the method comprising feeding the patient with an infant formula for at least 3 months after the birth of the patient and within one year, wherein the infant The formulation comprises at least a protein source, a lipid source, a carbohydrate source and wherein the infant formula has a protein content of less than 2_1 g/100 kcal. The infant formulas used in these methods and several dosage regimens that can be implemented are disclosed above. I63923.doc •13· 201247112 It should be noted here that patients are following a specific schedule at a very young age, preferably between 3 months and 6 months after birth, and up to 12 months of age. However, the expected preventive effect can be observed in later life of the patient (e.g., at a young child, at adolescence, or at an adult age). In a preferred embodiment of the above method, the infant formula comprises at least 50% of the food intake per meal (or energy) of the patient. Infant formulations that can be used in accordance with the present invention will now be illustrated by way of example. The formulation can be prepared in any suitable manner. For example, it can be prepared by blending a protein source, a carbohydrate source, and a fat source together in an appropriate ratio. If used, an emulsifier can be included at this point. Vitamins and minerals can be added at this point, but they are usually added later to avoid thermal degradation. Any lipophilic vitamins, emulsifiers, and the like can be dissolved in the fat source prior to blending. Water (preferably already subjected to reverse osmosis water) can then be mixed to form a liquid mixture. The temperature of the water is conveniently in the range of between about 5 〇〇c and about 8 〇〇c to aid in the dispersion of the ingredients. Commercially available liquefiers can be used to form the liquid mixture. The liquid mixture is then homogenized in, for example, two stages. The liquid mixture can then be heat treated by, for example, the following method to reduce the bacterial load: the liquid mixture is rapidly heated to a temperature in the range of about 8 (Γ (with a range between about 150 C and maintained at about 5) The duration between seconds and about 5 minutes. This can be carried out by means of a steam injection, autoclave or heat exchanger (for example a 'plate heat exchanger). Then the liquid mixture can be cooled to a medium by, for example, rapid cooling. Between about 60 ° C and about 851. Then, in a (for example) two stages again 163923.doc • 14 - 201247112 homogenization of the liquid mixture 'in the first stage between about 丨〇Mpa and about 3 〇 Between Mpa' and between about 2 Mpa and about ι〇Μρ& in the second stage. The homogenized mixture can then be further cooled to add any heat sensitive components, such as vitamins and minerals. The pH and solids content of the homogenized mixture is adjusted. The homogenized mixture is transferred to a suitable drying device (for example, a spray dryer or a freeze dryer) and converted into a powder. The moisture content of the powder should be small. About 5% by weight. If the liquid infant formula is preferred, the homogenized mixture can be sterilized and then filled aseptically into a suitable container, or it can be first filled into a container and then sterilized. The technique of the present invention will be readily understood, and the figure shows the blood pressure measured using a different formula for infants (breast breastfeeding, BF; infant formula used according to the invention 'F1.8; comparing infant formula F2.7) BP) (systolic blood pressure 'SBP; diastolic blood pressure, DBP; mean blood pressure, MBP). Figure 1 will be explained in the following examples. The invention will be further elucidated by the following non-limiting examples, which are only for the cabinet For the purpose of release.Examples The composition of the infant formula used according to the invention, designated F 1.8, is given in Table 1 below. 163923.doc 201247112 Table 1 Nutrients / 100 kcal / liter of energy (kcal) 100 670 protein (g) 1.83 12.3 fat (g) 5.3 35.7 linoleic acid (g) 0.79 5.3 α-linolenic acid (mg) 101 675 lactose (g) 11.2 74.7 mineral (g) 0.37 2.5 Na (mg) 23 150 K(mg) 89 590 Cl (mg) 64 430 Ca (mg) 62 410 P(mg) 31 210 Mg (mg) 7 50 Mn(pg) 8 50 Se(iv) 2 13 Vitamin A (gg RE) 105 700 Vitamin D (pg) 1.5 10 Vitamin E (mgTE) 0.8 5.4 Vitamin ΚΙ (μ8) 8 54 Vitamin C (mg) 10 67 Vitamin B1 (mg) 0.07 0.47 Vitamin B2 (mg) 0.15 1.0 Acid test (mg) 1 6.7 Vitamin B6 (mg) 0.075 0.50 163923.doc -16 - 201247112 Folic acid (4) 9 60 Pantothenic acid (mg) 0.45 3 Vitamin Β12 (μ§) 0.3 2 Biotin (pg) 2.2 15 Choline (mg) 10 67 Fe (mg) 1.2 8 ΐ (μ^ 15 100 Cu (mg) 0.06 0.4 Zn (mg) 0.75 5 A comparative study was carried out using a formulation containing 2.7 g/100 kcal of protein and designated F2.7. The energy of both infant formulas F1.8 and F2.7 is 670 kcal/L. Infant formula F1.8 differs from F2.7 only in the components in Table 2 below: Table 2 Nutrient V composition / 100 kCal F1.8 F2.7 Carbohydrate (lactose) (g) 11.16 10.38 Protein Protein/Whey: 30/70) (g) 1.83 2.70 nano (mg) 23 26 Adjust the carbohydrate content to ensure the same energy intake in both formulations F1.8 and F2.7. It is assumed that the difference in sodium content is related to the difference in protein content. It is believed that the effects of different sodium levels are negligible. In a randomized study, the inventors have measured diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure from a 3-year-old child who was fed only the following food during the first 4 months of life: 163923.doc 201247112 • Breastfeeding (BF) (n=84); or • fed with a low protein formula (1.8 g protein/100 kcal) F1.8 (n=74) used according to the invention; or • a high protein comparison formula (2.7 g protein/100 kcal) F2.8 feeding (n=80). Both infants fed breast milk and feeding formulas can start supplemental feeding at 4 months. Infants fed the formula maintained their respective formulations until the age of 1 and the group fed the breast milk received the low protein formula F1.8. The formula may account for 30% to 90% of the infant's food intake, depending on, for example, the age of the infant. The results are summarized in Table 3 below and shown in Figure 1, which shows the measurement using three different infant formulas (breastfeeding, BF; infant formula used in accordance with the invention, F1.8; comparative infant formula F2.8). Blood pressure (BP) (ie, systolic blood pressure, SBP; diastolic blood pressure, DBP; mean blood pressure, MBP). Table 3 Blood pressure systolic diastolic mean blood pressure (mmHg) SBP DBP MBP Breastfeeding 94.04±7.83 62.45±6.56 69.72±6.55 1.8 g protein/100 kcal 96.40±9.31 64.84±8.16 72.18±8.05 2.7§ protein/1001«^1 96.70±12.53 65.98±10.67 74.05±11.01 For systolic blood pressure (SBP), F1.8 is BF, p=0.1849; F2.7 is BF, ρ=0.1377 For diastolic blood pressure (DBP), F1.8 is BF,p = 0.0798 ; F2.7 vs. BF,ρ<0·04 163923.doc -18- 201247112 For mean blood pressure (MBP), F1.8 vs. BF, ρ=0·0735; F2.7 vs. BF, ρ < A 0.01 p value below 0.05 means that the difference is significant. Thus, the inventors have shown that during the first 4 months of life, only the low blood protein formula (1.8 g protein / 100 kcal) of the 3-year-old children's blood pressure ratio, they only fed a high protein formula (2.7 g protein) /100 kcal) is closer to children who only breastfeed. references

Boubred et al. (2007). Effects of early postnatal hypernutrition on nephron number and long-term renal function and structure in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 293: 1944-1949.

Jarvisalo et al. (2009). Breast feeding in infancy and arterial endothelial function later in life. European journal of clinical nutrition, 63(5): 640-645. [Simplified illustration] Figure 1 shows the use of three different feeding formulas The blood pressure is measured. I63923.doc •19·

Claims (1)

201247112 VII. Patent application scope: 1 · An infant formula containing at least a protein source and a lipid source 'carbohydrate source, wherein the protein content is less than 2丨g/1〇〇kcal, and the infant formula is used for preventing hypertension or Cardiovascular diseases. 2. The infant formula of claim 1 wherein the hypertension is associated with the cardiovascular disease. 3. The infant formula of claim 1 or 2 wherein the protein content is in the range of from 1-6 g/100 kcal to 2.1 g/i 〇〇 kcal. 4. The infant formula of any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the protein is selected from the group consisting of milk proteins, milk protein partial hydrolysates, hypoallergenic milk protein hydrolysates, and mixtures thereof. The infant formula according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the protein source comprises whey protein, casein, a hydrolyzate thereof or a mixture thereof. 6. The infant formula of claim 5, wherein the protein source is a mixture of whey protein and cool protein, and the ratio of whey/casein is at least equal to 5〇/5〇. 7. The infant formula of claim 5 or 6, wherein the formula comprises whey protein and most of the casein-glycopeptide (CGMP) has been removed from the whey protein. 8. The infant formula of any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the carbohydrate source comprises lactose. 9. The infant formula of claim 8 wherein the lactose content is in the range of 9 g/i 〇〇 kcal to U g/10 〇 kcal. 1) The infant formula of any one of items 1 to 9, wherein the formula accounts for at least 50% of the daily food intake during at least 3 months after birth and within one year 〇 163923.doc The infant formula of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the formula accounts for at least 50% of the daily food intake within 3 months to 6 months after birth. 163923.doc