JP4328065B2 - Enteral nutrition - Google Patents

Enteral nutrition Download PDF

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JP4328065B2
JP4328065B2 JP2002207643A JP2002207643A JP4328065B2 JP 4328065 B2 JP4328065 B2 JP 4328065B2 JP 2002207643 A JP2002207643 A JP 2002207643A JP 2002207643 A JP2002207643 A JP 2002207643A JP 4328065 B2 JP4328065 B2 JP 4328065B2
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amino acid
energy
protein
liquid
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JP2004051494A (en
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圭一 南
良一 海野
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NOF Corp
Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co Ltd
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NOF Corp
Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、経腸栄養剤に関するもので、特に、蛋白質代謝の改善、免疫能力の改善、腸管粘膜機能の改善等が期待でき、外科侵襲時の患者や重症感染症患者等に投与するのに好適な液状経腸栄養剤及び経腸栄養組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、患者の手術前後の栄養補給方法としては、経口または経管による経腸栄養剤投与、あるいは中心静脈栄養投与等の方法が採用されている。中心静脈栄養投与では胃腸を使用しないことから、生理的な面や消化管粘膜の萎縮の問題があり、近年は、経口および経鼻を含む経腸で栄養剤を投与する方法が注目されてきている。これらの経腸栄養剤の投与により、蛋白質、脂質、糖質、ビタミン、微量元素を含むミネラル等の栄養剤を患者に摂取せしめて、疾病の治療の改善に大きく寄与している。更に最近では、医薬に依存している疾病の治療と同様の効果を経腸栄養剤に担わせるために、治療効果が期待できる有効成分を積極的に加える栄養剤の処方が検討されている。具体的には、例えばグルタミンは、外科侵襲時の患者や重症感染症患者等に投与することにより、蛋白質代謝の改善、免疫能力の改善、腸管粘膜機能の改善等が期待できるものとして挙げられる。グルタミンは、非必須アミノ酸として分類されるが、疾病時には摂取が必要であると認められたため、条件付必須アミノ酸として分類されるようになった。
ただし、遊離グルタミンは、水に溶解した際や加熱した際にピログルタミン酸へと変換され、蛋白質代謝の改善、免疫能力の改善、腸管粘膜機能の改善等の生理機能を失ってしまうことが知られており、遊離グルタミンは液状中心静脈栄養剤あるいは液状経腸栄養剤には利用できなかった。
【0003】
しかし、近年、水に溶解し、更に加熱殺菌してもピログルタミン酸へと変換しないグルタミン供給源として、グルタミン含有ペプチドが注目を集め、液状経腸栄養剤への利用の可能性が、(1)特開平10−139681号公報、(2)特開2002−119250号公報、(3)特開平9−121809号公報に開示されている。すなわち、(1)には、免疫学的な賦活、蛋白質系の賦活をさせて、感染症の予防、創傷の早期治癒等を目的とした、L−アルギニン及びグルタミン含有ペプチドを含有する水性乳化栄養組成物が開示されており、(2)には、N末端ピログルタミン酸含量が遊離ピログルタミン酸換算で5質量%以下のグルタミン含有ペプチドを含有することを特徴とする栄養組成物が開示されており、(3)には、即座に使用可能な溶液100mlあたり蛋白質成分が0.5ないし3.0gのグルタミンに富む蛋白加水分解物からなる調製剤について開示されている。
【0004】
一方、必須アミノ酸とは、健全な成長や体重の保持等、健康な肉体を維持する上で、外界より摂取しなければならないアミノ酸を指し、動物の種類によって多少異なるが、成人では、ロイシン、イソロイシン、バリン、スレオニン、リジン、メチオニン、フェニルアラニン、トリプトファンを指す。栄養組成物の蛋白質の栄養価は、含有する必須アミノ酸のうち所要量に対して最も不足する制限アミノ酸によって大きく左右され、栄養組成物の蛋白質の評価は、1985年にFAO/WHO/UNUが定めた必須アミノ酸のみから構成されるアミノ酸評点パターンを指標とし、アミノ酸スコアにて算出される。一般的に、経腸栄養剤における主な窒素源であるカゼインや総合乳蛋白等の乳由来の蛋白質および/または蛋白加水分解物のアミノ酸スコアは100であるが、グルタミンを多く含む小麦やコーン由来の蛋白質および/または蛋白加水分解物のアミノ酸スコアは約30である。このことから、窒素源としてカゼインや総合乳蛋白等の乳由来の蛋白質および/または蛋白加水分解物と共にグルタミンおよび/またはグルタミン含有ペプチドを含有する経腸栄養剤のアミノ酸スコアは、100未満となることが予測される。アミノ酸スコアが100未満の経腸栄養剤を外科侵襲時の患者や重症感染症患者等に投与した場合、必須アミノ酸が不足し、栄養失調状態に陥ることは容易に推測できる。そのため、グルタミンの効果として期待される蛋白質代謝の改善、免疫能力の改善、腸管粘膜機能の改善等の効果は充分には望めないことになる。すなわち、前記(1)、(2)、(3)の従来技術では、アミノ酸スコアが100に満たないため、グルタミンの効果が充分発揮されないという問題がある。
【0005】
また、一般的に液状経腸栄養剤は水相と油相が混在した乳化系をとっている。その乳化系の安定性は種々の乳化剤によって付与されるが、乳化状態が不良な場合は、油脂分離、凝集物発生等の経腸栄養剤として用いるのに不具合な現象が生じる。蛋白分解物であるペプチドや遊離アミノ酸等のように低分子の素材を多く用いると、乳化系を不良の状態にする傾向が強く、乳化剤の使用は必須であり、その選択には、充分な配慮が必要である。
【0006】
したがって、前記のようにグルタミン含有ペプチドを含み、グルタミンの効果である蛋白質代謝の改善等が見込まれ、食味が良く、体に負担の少ない浸透圧でアミノ酸スコアが100となる液状経腸栄養剤が望まれていた。
しかしながら、蛋白質および/またはグルタミン含有ペプチドのような蛋白分解物、脂質、糖質、乳化剤を主成分として含み、食味が良く、且つ浸透圧が300〜600mOsm/kgで、アミノ酸スコアが100となる乳化安定性に優れた液状経腸栄養剤は、これまでに知られていない。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、蛋白質代謝の改善、免疫能力の改善、腸管粘膜機能の改善等が期待でき、外科侵襲時の患者や重症感染症患者等に投与するのに好適な液状経腸栄養剤又は経腸栄養組成物を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記従来の問題点に鑑み鋭意検討した結果、外科侵襲時の患者や重症感染症患者等に液状経腸栄養剤を投与することによって、蛋白質代謝の改善、免疫能力の改善、腸管粘膜機能の改善等が期待できるグルタミン含有量をグルタミン含有ペプチドにて供給し、それによりアミノ酸スコアが100未満となる問題を制限アミノ酸となりうるアミノ酸を遊離アミノ酸にて補うことによって回避し、更にこれによって生じた乳化の不安定化要因と苦味を、適切な乳化剤と糖質の添加により解決することによって、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、本発明は次の〔1〕〜〔5〕である。
〔1〕下記のA成分、B成分、C成分、D成分及びE成分を主成分として含み、且つ浸透圧が300〜600mOsm/kgで、アミノ酸スコアが100となることを特徴とする液状経腸栄養剤
A成分:全エネルギー源に対して、10〜40エネルギー%の窒素源成分であり、蛋白質、グルタミンペプチド含有ペプチド、およびアミノ酸を含み、前記アミノ酸はスレオニン、メチオニン及びトリプトファンである
B成分:全エネルギー源に対して10〜40エネルギー%の脂質、
C成分:全エネルギー源に対して40〜80エネルギー%の糖質、
D成分:コハク酸モノグリセリドとクエン酸モノグリセリドからなる、全液の0.01〜1質量%である乳化剤、
E成分:水。
〔2〕A成分中に含まれる蛋白質が、カゼイネート、乳蛋白質からなる前記〔1〕に記載の液状経腸栄養剤。
〕C成分の糖質が、主としてデキストリン、オリゴ糖、蔗糖及び果糖からなる群から選ばれる1種または2種以上である、前記〔1〕〜〔〕のいずれか1項に記載の液状経腸栄養剤。
〕総カロリーが80〜200kcal/100mlである、前記〔1〕〜〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の液状経腸栄養
〕下記のA成分、B成分、C成分及びD成分を主成分として含み、総カロリーが80〜200kcal/100mlになるように水に溶解又は懸濁した時の浸透圧が300〜600mOsm/kgで、アミノ酸スコアが100になることを特徴とする経腸栄養剤。
A成分:全エネルギー源に対して、10〜40エネルギー%の窒素源成分であり、蛋白質、グルタミンペプチド含有ペプチド、およびアミノ酸を含み、前記アミノ酸はスレオニン、メチオニン及びトリプトファンである
B成分:全エネルギー源に対して10〜40エネルギー%の脂質、
C成分:全エネルギー源に対して40〜80エネルギー%の糖質、
D成分:コハク酸モノグリセリドとクエン酸モノグリセリドからなる、全液の0.01〜1質量%である乳化剤。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の経腸栄養剤は、基本的には、グルタミン含有ペプチド、蛋白質、アミノ酸、脂質、糖質、乳化剤及び水を含有する液状経腸栄養剤であるが、水を除いた組成物として提供することもできる。水を除いた組成物として提供された場合は、使用時に水を添加して溶解又は懸濁した後に使用するものである。
以下、本発明の経腸栄養剤について詳細に説明するが、主として水を添加調製後の液状経腸栄養剤について説明する。水を除いた組成物については、これらの説明から、水を除いて考えればよい。尚、質量%とは、特に断りのない場合は、液状経腸栄養剤全液の質量に対するw/w%である。
【0010】
本発明で使用する窒素源成分(A成分)としては、グルタミン含有ペプチド(a1)、蛋白質(a2)、およびアミノ酸(a3)が必須成分として挙げられる。a1のグルタミン含有ペプチドとは、N末端ピログルタミン酸含量が遊離ピログルタミン酸換算で5質量%以下のグルタミン含有ペプチドである。a2の蛋白質としては、カゼイネート(カゼインナトリウム等のカゼイン塩)、乳蛋白、大豆蛋白等の蛋白質が挙げられ、これらを組み合わせて使用することもできる。a3のアミノ酸としては、L−ロイシン、L−イソロイシン、L−バリン、L−スレオニン、L−リジン、L−メチオニン、L−フェニルアラニン、L−トリプトファン等の必須アミノ酸が挙げられ、これらを組み合わせて使用することができるが、必須アミノ酸の中でも、L−スレオニン、L−メチオニン及びL−トリプトファンの3つのアミノ酸を組み合わせて使用するのが好ましい。特に、蛋白質(a2)として、カゼイネート、乳蛋白といった乳由来の蛋白質を使用する場合は、アミノ酸(a3)としては、前記L−スレオニン、L−メチオニン及びL−トリプトファンの3つのアミノ酸の組み合わせが好適である。また、アミノ酸として非必須アミノ酸を含んでいてもよい。窒素源成分(A成分)としては、必要に応じて、グルタミン含有ペプチド以外の蛋白分解物(a4)を含有させてもよい。a4のグルタミン含有ペプチド以外の蛋白分解物としては、カゼインペプチド、乳蛋白ペプチド、大豆蛋白ペプチドが挙げられる。
これらの窒素源成分、即ち、グルタミン含有ペプチド(a1)、蛋白質(a2)、およびアミノ酸(a3)等を、アミノ酸スコアが100になるよう、且つ全エネルギー源に対して10〜40エネルギー%を供給するように配合する。本発明で必要とするグルタミン含有ペプチド(a1)のアミノ酸スコアは30と低いので、一般的に蛋白質(a2)としては、アミノ酸スコアが高い動物由来の蛋白質を組み合わせるのが好ましく、特にカゼイネート、乳蛋白といった乳由来の蛋白質を組み合わせることが好ましい。前記グルタミン含有ペプチド(a1)と蛋白質(a2)の組み合わせの組成物には制限アミノ酸が生じ、アミノ酸スコアが100未満となるので、制限アミノ酸となるアミノ酸を遊離アミノ酸にて補うことによって、使用する窒素源のアミノ酸スコアを100へと高めることができる。ここで、グルタミン含有ペプチド(a1)の添加量は、その効果発現の観点からは多い方が好ましいが、アミノ酸スコアを100に維持するという観点からは、多過ぎることは好ましくない。これらの2つの観点から判断すると、グルタミン含有ペプチド(a1)の添加量は1〜5質量%が適当であり、更に好ましくは1.3〜3質量%で、中でも1.5〜2.5質量%が最も好ましいと考えられる。アミノ酸(a3)の添加量としては、調製した液状経腸栄養剤の食味、液の性状の観点から、全遊離アミノ酸の合計量として、0.01〜0.2質量%が好ましい。L−スレオニン、L−メチオニン及びL−トリプトファンを添加する場合、各々の添加量は、0.005〜0.05質量%であることが好ましく、特に、L−スレオニンが0.01質量%、L−メチオニンが0.02質量%、L−トリプトファンが0.02質量%であることがより好適である。
【0011】
本発明で使用するB成分の脂質としては、大豆油、ヤシ油、パーム油、サフラワー油、コーン油、ナタネ油、中鎖脂肪、シソ油、魚油等が挙げられ、また、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲内において、遊離脂肪酸も使用することができる。脂質はエネルギー源として、また生体内機能成分として極めて重要な栄養素であるが、その反面、糖質と比べて消化吸収されにくく、多量に摂取すると下痢や腹部の膨満の原因になることを考慮すると、脂質として、全エネルギー源に対して10〜40エネルギー%を供給し、特に20〜30エネルギー%を供給することが好ましい。脂質の構成成分として脂肪酸があり、飽和脂肪酸、単価不飽和脂肪酸、多価不飽和脂肪酸からなるが、そのうち多価不飽和脂肪酸の生体内機能に、近年注目が集まっている。多価不飽和脂肪酸は、α−リノレン酸等のω3系多価不飽和脂肪酸とリノール酸等のω6系多価不飽和脂肪酸等からなり、これらを摂取した生体内において、ω3系多価不飽和脂肪酸とω6系多価不飽和脂肪酸は別々の経路で代謝され、これら2種の代謝系で変換された産物は異なった生体内機能を有し、互いが複雑に影響し合うことで生体調節機能を司っていると言われている。飽和脂肪酸の供給源として、消化・吸収に優れたヤシ油や中鎖脂肪が例として挙げられ、単価不飽和脂肪酸および多価不飽和脂肪酸の供給源として、大豆油、サフラワー油、コーン油、ナタネ油、シソ油、魚油等が挙げられ、多価不飽和脂肪酸のうちω3系脂肪酸の供給源となる脂質はシソ油や魚油が例として挙げられ、ω6系脂肪酸の供給源となる脂質は大豆油、サフラワー油、コーン油、ナタネ油が例として挙げられる。これらの脂質は目的に応じて1種単独であるいは2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができるが、飽和脂肪酸、単価不飽和脂肪酸、多価不飽和脂肪酸およびω3系多価不飽和脂肪酸とω6系多価不飽和脂肪酸のバランスを考慮すると、2種以上を組み合わせて使用することが好ましい。
【0012】
本発明で使用するC成分の糖質としては、デキストリン、オリゴ糖、蔗糖、果糖等が挙げられ、これらの糖質は1種単独であるいは2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができ、更に別の糖質を組み合わせて使用することもできる。糖質は、全エネルギー源に対して40〜80エネルギー%を供給するが、血糖の恒常性を保持するとともに、蛋白質、脂質、他の不可欠な栄養素を適切に摂取するためには、55〜75エネルギー%を供給することが好ましい。食味を良くし、且つ高浸透圧による下痢を引き起すことのないよう、液状経腸栄養剤の浸透圧を300〜600mOsm/kgとするためには、分子量の異なる2種以上の糖質を組み合わせて使用することが好ましい。また、アミノ酸の苦みは、果糖等の高甘味度の糖質を使用することによって、効果的に改善することができる。さらに液状経腸栄養剤を経管投与する場合、低粘度であることが必要であるため、この観点からは、低分子量の糖質が有利である。これらのことを全て考慮すると、糖質としては、分子量が異なる数種のデキストリンと果糖の組み合わせが好ましいと考えられる。
【0013】
本発明で使用するD成分の乳化剤としては、ポリまたはモノグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセライド、レシチン等が挙げられる。これらの乳化剤は1種単独であるいは2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができるが、乳化系の保存安定性、食味への影響等を考慮すると、有機酸モノグリセライドが好ましく、有機酸モノグリセライドを2種以上組み合わせて使用することが好ましい。中でも、特に、コハク酸モノグリセライドとクエン酸モノグリセライドの組み合わせが好ましく、その添加比率はコハク酸モノグリセライド:クエン酸モノグリセライド=3:2〜2:3が好適である。
乳化剤は、全液中に0.01〜1質量%含有させるのが好ましく、更に好ましくは、0.3〜0.8質量%含有させる。乳化剤は、0.01質量%未満であると分離を起こし、1質量%を超えて配合すると、調製した液状経腸栄養剤の保存安定性が悪くなる。
なお、これら乳化剤を含有する経腸栄養剤について脂質含量を分析した場合、乳化剤の添加量のほとんどが脂質分として検出される。
【0014】
本発明の経腸栄養剤を液状とするために、E成分の水を用いる。水としては、純水、精製水、イオン交換水等、通常の加工食品に使用されるものが挙げられる。
本発明の経腸栄養剤は、液状経腸栄養剤とした場合に、総カロリーが80〜200kcal/100mlとなるように前記水を用いて調製することが好ましい。同時に浸透圧が300〜600mOsm/kgとなるように調製することが好ましい。また、経管投与を行う場合は、低粘度であることが必要であり、30cp以下となるように調製することが好ましい。なお、100kcal/100mlの液状経腸栄養剤を調製する場合の水の添加量は、60〜90質量%程度である。
【0015】
また、本発明の経腸栄養剤には、前記成分の他に、ミネラル類、ビタミン類を配合することが好ましく、その配合率は、例えば第六次改定日本人の栄養所要量(第1出版社発行)に記載の摂取量(目標摂取量)を参考にすることができる。
本発明の経腸栄養剤には、その他にも、食物繊維、香料、pH調整剤等を配合することができる。
【0016】
次に、本発明の経腸栄養剤の製造方法の一例について記す。
本発明の経腸栄養剤は、約60℃の温水に、グルタミン含有ペプチドをはじめとする蛋白質および/または蛋白分解物、脂質、糖質、乳化剤、更に必要に応じて、ミネラル類、ビタミン類、食物繊維、香料、pH調整剤を加えて溶解又は懸濁し、高圧均質機を用いて50MPaで乳化し、UHT殺菌処理、紙パック等への充填を経て得ることができる。また、使用時に、前記含有成分に約60℃の温水を加えて溶解又は懸濁して調製してもよい。
【0017】
本発明の経腸栄養剤は、患者に対して、経口投与法または経管投与法にて、経腸投与することができる。経管投与法としては、経鼻胃管法や経鼻腸管法といった経鼻法、胃瘻管法や腸瘻管法といった瘻管法等を使用することができる。特に、本発明の経腸栄養剤は、外科侵襲時の患者や重傷感染症患者等への投与に好適である。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明品を外科侵襲時の患者や重症感染症患者等に投与することによって、蛋白質代謝の改善、免疫能力の改善、腸管粘膜機能の改善等が期待できる。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下、具体例に基づいて、本発明を詳細に説明する。
[実施例1]
表1および表2に示すように、約60℃の温水に、3質量%のカゼインナトリウム、2質量%の乳蛋白、1.5質量%のグルタミン含有ペプチド、0.02質量%L−メチオニン、0.01質量%のL−スレオニン、0.02質量%のL−トリプトファン、1.4質量%のナタネ油、0.6質量%の中鎖脂肪、0.08質量%の魚油、0.39質量%のコハク酸モノグリセライド、0.26質量%のクエン酸モノグリセライド、9質量%のDE11のデキストリン、3.0質量%のDE25のデキストリン、1.5質量%の果糖、0.1質量%のクエン酸ナトリウム、0.2質量%のクエン酸カリウム、0.1質量%のメタリン酸ナトリウム、0.05質量%の塩化カリウム、0.1質量%の硫酸マグネシウム、0.01質量%のクエン酸鉄ナトリウム、0.04質量%のビタミンC、0.02質量%のビタミンE、0.002質量%のナイアシン、0.0009質量%のパントテン酸、0.0006質量%のβ−カロチン、0.0006質量%のビタミンA、0.0003質量%のビタミンB6、0.0003質量%のビタミンB2、0.0002質量%のビタミンB1、0.0000003質量%のビタミンB12、0.0001質量%のビタミンD、0.000005質量%の葉酸、0.000003質量%のビタミンK、0.6質量%のグアーガム分解物、0.1質量%のパイナップル風香料、0.07質量%の水酸化ナトリウムを撹拌溶解し、高圧均質機を用いて50MPaで乳化し、UHT殺菌処理、紙パックへの充填を経て、液状経腸栄養剤を得た。
【0020】
この実施例1の液状経腸栄養剤を用いて、後述の試験法の分析項目について評価を行った。
実施例1で得た液状経腸栄養剤は、表1に示すように、100ml当たり100kcalで、蛋白質含量は5.5g/100ml、グルタミン含量は0.75g/100ml、アミノ酸スコアは100、脂質含量は2.6g/100ml、糖質含量は13.7g/100mlだった。また、A成分としては22エネルギー%、B成分としては23エネルギー%、C成分としては55エネルギー%であった。また、乳化安定性をはじめとする、液状経腸栄養剤として使用するための適性を評価する上で重要な指標となる項目について分析した結果、浸透圧は480mOsm/kg、粘度10cp、平均粒径は0.18μm、pHは6.7で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなく良好で、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だった。紙パックに入ったこの液状経腸栄養剤を30℃の条件下で180日間保存した結果、浸透圧は488mOsm/kg、粘度10cp、平均粒径は0.18μm、pHは6.5で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなく良好で、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だった。
これらの評価により、実施例1の液状経腸栄養剤は、食味がよく、且つ乳化安定性をはじめとする液状経腸栄養剤として使用するための適性に優れていることが確認できた。そのため、習慣的な投与が可能となり、外科侵襲時の患者や重症感染症患者等に投与することによって、蛋白質代謝の改善、免疫能力の改善、腸管粘膜機能の改善が期待される。
【0021】
[試験法]
(1)蛋白質含量;ケルダール法による窒素の分析値より算出
(2)グルタミン含量;アミド態窒素法、アミノ酸自動分析法を組み合わせて算出
(3)アミノ酸スコア;アミノ酸自動分析法と高速液体クロマトグラフ法にて、アミノ組成分析を行い、1985年にFAO/WHO/UNUが定めたアミノ酸評点パターンを指標として算出
(4)脂質含量;レーゼゴットリーブ法
(5)総カロリー;栄養表示基準によるエネルギー換算係数を用いて算出。エネルギー換算係数は、蛋白質:4、脂質:9、糖質:4
(6)糖質含量;栄養表示基準に基づいて算出。100−(水分含量(%)+蛋白質含量(%)+脂質含量(%)+灰分含量(%)+食物繊維含量(%))
(7)浸透圧;氷点降下法
(8)粘度;液温20℃に調整後、B型粘度計にて測定
(9)平均粒径;超遠心式粒度分布測定装置にて測定
(10)pH;液温20℃に調整後、pHメーターにて測定
(11)液の性状;油脂分離あるいは凝集物の発生の有無およびその程度を以下の評価基準で目視にて評価
◎:良好である、
○:液状経腸栄養剤の機能として特に問題はないが、僅かに不均一性が認められる、
△:分離した油脂、あるいは凝集物の発生が僅かに認められる、
×:著しく油脂が分離し、あるいは全体的に液状を保っていない。
(12)食味;20名の被験者によって官能検査を行い、各被験者が10点満点で評価した得点の合計値によって評価。評価基準は次のとおり。
◎:170〜200点、
○:140〜169点、
△:110〜139点、
×:〜109点。
(13)保存試験;紙パックのまま30℃で180日間保存した後、上記(7)〜(12)の分析項目を評価した。
【0022】
[実施例2]
表1および表2に示す成分を約60℃の温水に撹拌溶解し、高圧均質機を用いて50MPaで乳化し、UHT殺菌処理、紙パックへの充填を経て、液状経腸栄養剤を得た。得られた液状経腸栄養剤について、試験法の分析項目について評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
その結果、実施例2で得た液状経腸栄養剤は、100ml当たり100kcalで、蛋白質含量は5.5g/100ml、グルタミン含量は0.75g/100ml、アミノ酸スコアは100、脂質含量は2.6g/100ml、糖質含量は13.7g/100mlであった。また、A成分としては22エネルギー%、B成分としては23エネルギー%、C成分としては55エネルギー%であった。浸透圧は472mOsm/kg、粘度10cp、平均粒径は0.21μm、pHは6.7で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなく良好で、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だった。紙パックに入ったこの液状経腸栄養剤を30℃の条件下で180日間保存した結果、浸透圧は493mOsm/kg、粘度12cp、平均粒径は0.24μm、pHは6.5で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離が僅かに確認され、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だったが、実施例1よりも劣る結果となった。
なお、実施例2は栄養組成が実施例1と同様であるが、保存試験での液の性状および食味の点で実施例1よりも劣っていた。
【0023】
[実施例3]
表1および表2に示す成分を約60℃の温水に撹拌溶解し、高圧均質機を用いて50MPaで乳化し、UHT殺菌処理、紙パックへの充填を経て、液状経腸栄養剤を得た。得られた液状経腸栄養剤について、試験法の分析項目について評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
その結果、実施例3で得た液状経腸栄養剤は、100ml当たり100kcalで、蛋白質含量は5.5g/100ml、グルタミン含量は0.75g/100ml、アミノ酸スコアは100、脂質含量は2.6g/100ml、糖質含量は13.7g/100mlであった。また、A成分としては22エネルギー%、B成分としては23エネルギー%、C成分としては55エネルギー%であった。浸透圧は479mOsm/kg、粘度10cp、平均粒径は0.20μm、pHは6.7で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなく良好で、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だった。紙パックに入ったこの液状経腸栄養剤を30℃の条件下で180日間保存した結果、浸透圧は495mOsm/kg、粘度12cp、平均粒径は0.26μm、pHは6.5で、目視で観察したところ、液状ではあるが不均一な部分が確認され、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だったが、実施例1よりも劣る結果となった。
なお、実施例3は栄養組成が実施例1と同様であるが、保存試験での液の性状および食味の点で実施例1よりも劣っていた。
【0024】
[実施例4]
表1および表2に示す成分を約60℃の温水に撹拌溶解し、高圧均質機を用いて50MPaで乳化し、UHT殺菌処理、紙パックへの充填を経て、液状経腸栄養剤を得た。得られた液状経腸栄養剤について、試験法の分析項目について評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
その結果、実施例4の液状経腸栄養剤は100ml当たり100kcalで、蛋白質含量は5.5g/100ml、グルタミン含量は0.75g/100ml、アミノ酸スコアは100、脂質含量は2.6g/100ml、糖質含量は13.7g/100mlであった。また、A成分としては22エネルギー%、B成分としては23エネルギー%、C成分としては55エネルギー%であった。浸透圧は499mOsm/kg、粘度10cp、平均粒径は0.28μm、pHは6.7で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなく良好で、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だった。紙パックに入ったこの液状経腸栄養剤を30℃の条件下で180日間保存した結果、浸透圧は512mOsm/kg、粘度18cp、平均粒径は0.77μm、pHは6.5で、目視で観察したところ、液面の一部に油脂の分離が認められ、また食味がやや劣化していた。
なお、実施例4は栄養組成が実施例1と同様であるが、保存試験での液の性状および食味の点で実施例1よりも劣っていた。
【0025】
[実施例5]
表1および表2に示す成分を約60℃の温水に撹拌溶解し、高圧均質機を用いて50MPaで乳化し、UHT殺菌処理、紙パックへの充填を経て、液状経腸栄養剤を得た。得られた液状経腸栄養剤について、試験法の分析項目について評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
その結果、実施例5の液状経腸栄養剤は100ml当たり100kcalで、蛋白質含量は5.5g/100ml、グルタミン含量は0.75g/100ml、アミノ酸スコアは100、脂質含量は2.6g/100ml、糖質含量は13.7g/100mlであった。また、A成分としては22エネルギー%、B成分としては23エネルギー%、C成分としては55エネルギー%であった。浸透圧は493mOsm/kg、粘度10cp、平均粒径は0.26μm、pHは6.7で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなく良好で、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だった。紙パックに入ったこの液状経腸栄養剤を30℃の条件下で180日間保存した結果、浸透圧は507mOsm/kg、粘度14cp、平均粒径は0.58μm、pHは6.5で、目視で観察したところ、僅かに凝集物が見られ、また食味がやや劣化していた。
なお、実施例5は栄養組成が実施例1と同様であるが、保存試験での液の性状および食味の点で実施例1よりも劣っていた。
【0026】
[実施例6]
表1および表2に示す成分を約60℃の温水に撹拌溶解し、高圧均質機を用いて50MPaで乳化し、UHT殺菌処理、紙パックへの充填を経て、液状経腸栄養剤を得た。得られた液状経腸栄養剤について、試験法の分析項目について評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
その結果、実施例6の液状経腸栄養剤は100ml当たり100kcalで、蛋白質含量は5.5g/100ml、グルタミン含量は0.75g/100ml、アミノ酸スコアは100、脂質含量は2.6g/100ml、糖質含量は13.7g/100mlであった。また、A成分としては22エネルギー%、B成分としては23エネルギー%、C成分としては55エネルギー%であった。浸透圧は461mOsm/kg、粘度7cp、平均粒径は0.18μm、pHは6.1で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなかった。しかし、食味については僅かに酸味を感じた。紙パックに入ったこの液状経腸栄養剤を30℃の条件下で180日間保存した結果、液状を保っていなかったため、保存試験後の浸透圧、粘度、平均粒径、pHは実施できなかった。また、食味については食感が悪く、また強く酸味を感じた。
なお、実施例6は栄養組成が実施例1と同様であるが、保存試験での液の性状および食味の点で問題があり、調製後早期に使用する必要があることがわかり、実施例6は製品化には適さないと判断した。
【0027】
[比較例1]
表1および表2に示す成分を約60℃の温水に撹拌溶解し、高圧均質機を用いて50MPaで乳化し、UHT殺菌処理、紙パックへの充填を経て、液状経腸栄養剤を得た。この液状経腸栄養剤について、試験法の分析項目について評価を行った。
その結果、比較例1の液状経腸栄養剤は100ml当たり100kcalで、蛋白質含量は5.5g/100ml、グルタミン含量は0.2g/100ml、アミノ酸スコアは100、脂質含量は2.6g/100ml、糖質含量は13.7g/100mlであった。また、A成分としては22エネルギー%、B成分としては23エネルギー%、C成分としては55エネルギー%であった。浸透圧は472mOsm/kg、粘度9cp、平均粒径は0.19μm、pHは6.7で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなく良好で、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だった。紙パックに入ったこの液状経腸栄養剤を30℃の条件下で180日間保存した結果、浸透圧は480mOsm/kg、粘度10cp、平均粒径は0.19μm、pHは6.5で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなく良好で、食味はフルーツオレ様で、美味だった。
これらの評価により、比較例1は食味がよく、且つ乳化安定性をはじめとする液状経腸栄養剤としての適性に優れていることが確認できた。しかし、グルタミン含有ペプチドを含有していないため、外科侵襲時の患者や重症感染症患者等に投与しても、蛋白質代謝の改善、免疫能力の改善、腸管粘膜機能の改善は期待できない。
【0028】
[比較例2]
表1および表2に示す成分を約60℃の温水に撹拌溶解し、高圧均質機を用いて50MPaで乳化し、UHT殺菌処理、紙パックへの充填を経て、液状経腸栄養剤を得た。得られた液状経腸栄養剤について、試験法の分析項目について評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
その結果、比較例2の液状経腸栄養剤は100ml当たり100kcalで、蛋白質含量は5.5g/100ml、グルタミン含量は0.75g/100ml、アミノ酸スコアは70、脂質含量は2.6g/100ml、糖質含量は13.7g/100mlであった。また、A成分としては22エネルギー%、B成分としては23エネルギー%、C成分としては55エネルギー%であった。浸透圧は476mOsm/kg、粘度9cp、平均粒径は0.19μm、pHは6.7で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなく良好で、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だった。紙パックに入ったこの液状経腸栄養剤を30℃の条件下で180日間保存した結果、浸透圧は483mOsm/kg、粘度10cp、平均粒径は0.19μm、pHは6.5で、目視で観察したところ、油脂の分離、凝集物等の発生はなく良好で、食味はフルーツオレ様で美味だった。
しかし、比較例2は、アミノ酸スコアが70のため必須アミノ酸が不足し、投与された患者が栄養失調状態に陥る可能性があり、グルタミンの効果として期待される蛋白質代謝の改善、免疫能力の改善、腸管粘膜機能の改善等の効果はあまり期待できない。
【0029】
[比較例3]
表1および表2に示す成分を約60℃の温水に撹拌溶解し、高圧均質機を用いて50MPaで乳化し、UHT殺菌処理、紙パックへの充填を経て、液状経腸栄養剤を得た。得られた液状経腸栄養剤について、試験法の分析項目について評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
その結果、比較例3の液状経腸栄養剤を調製した直後に、著しい油脂の分離が起こり、食味も著しく油脂の存在が感じられ、明らかに乳化不良な状態だったため、経腸栄養剤として不適であると判断した。
【0030】
以上の組成および結果を表1および表2に示す。
【0031】
【表1】

Figure 0004328065
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 0004328065
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to enteral nutrients, and in particular, can be expected to improve protein metabolism, improve immune ability, improve intestinal mucosal function, etc., and administer it to patients during surgical invasion, patients with severe infections, etc. The present invention relates to a suitable liquid enteral nutrient and enteral nutrition composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a method for feeding a patient before and after surgery, a method such as oral or enteral administration of enteral nutrient or central parenteral nutrition has been adopted. Since central venous nutrition does not use the gastrointestinal tract, there is a problem of physiology and atrophy of the gastrointestinal mucosa. In recent years, methods of administering nutrients by the oral and nasal enteral tracts have attracted attention. Yes. The administration of these enteral nutrients greatly contributes to the improvement of disease treatment by ingesting nutrients such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals containing trace elements into the patient. More recently, in order to make enteral nutrients have the same effects as treatments for diseases dependent on medicines, prescriptions of nutrients that actively add active ingredients that can be expected to have therapeutic effects have been studied. Specifically, for example, glutamine can be expected to improve protein metabolism, improve immune ability, improve intestinal mucosal function, etc. by administering it to patients during surgical invasion, patients with severe infections, and the like. Glutamine is classified as a non-essential amino acid, but it has been classified as a conditionally essential amino acid because it has been found that it is necessary to be taken during illness.
However, it is known that free glutamine is converted to pyroglutamic acid when dissolved in water or heated and loses physiological functions such as improved protein metabolism, improved immune ability, and improved intestinal mucosal function. Thus, free glutamine was not available for liquid central parenteral nutrition or liquid enteral nutrition.
[0003]
However, in recent years, glutamine-containing peptides have attracted attention as a glutamine source that dissolves in water and does not convert to pyroglutamic acid even when heat-sterilized, and the possibility of use as a liquid enteral nutrient is (1) JP-A-10-139681, (2) JP2002-119250, and (3) JP-A-9-121809. That is, (1) includes an aqueous emulsified nutrition containing L-arginine and a glutamine-containing peptide for the purpose of immunological activation, protein activation, prevention of infectious diseases, early healing of wounds, etc. A composition is disclosed, and (2) discloses a nutritional composition characterized in that it contains a glutamine-containing peptide having an N-terminal pyroglutamic acid content of 5% by mass or less in terms of free pyroglutamic acid, (3) discloses a preparation comprising a protein hydrolyzate rich in glutamine containing 0.5 to 3.0 g of protein component per 100 ml of ready-to-use solution.
[0004]
Essential amino acids, on the other hand, are amino acids that must be taken from the outside world to maintain a healthy body such as healthy growth and weight retention, and differ slightly depending on the type of animal. In adults, leucine and isoleucine , Valine, threonine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. The nutritional value of the protein in the nutritional composition is greatly influenced by the limited amino acids that are most deficient with respect to the required amount among the essential amino acids contained. The evaluation of the protein in the nutritional composition was determined by FAO / WHO / UNU in 1985. An amino acid score pattern composed only of essential amino acids is used as an index, and the amino acid score is calculated. In general, protein and / or protein hydrolyzate derived from milk such as casein and total milk protein, which are the main nitrogen sources in enteral nutrition, has an amino acid score of 100, but is derived from wheat or corn containing a lot of glutamine The protein and / or protein hydrolyzate has an amino acid score of about 30. From this, the amino acid score of enteral nutrients containing glutamine and / or glutamine-containing peptides together with milk-derived proteins and / or protein hydrolysates such as casein and total milk protein as the nitrogen source should be less than 100 Is predicted. When an enteral nutrient having an amino acid score of less than 100 is administered to a patient at the time of surgical invasion, a patient with severe infection, or the like, it can be easily estimated that the essential amino acid is insufficient, resulting in malnutrition. Therefore, effects such as improvement of protein metabolism, improvement of immunity, and improvement of intestinal mucosa function expected as the effects of glutamine cannot be fully expected. That is, the conventional techniques (1), (2), and (3) have a problem that the effect of glutamine is not sufficiently exhibited because the amino acid score is less than 100.
[0005]
In general, liquid enteral nutrients have an emulsified system in which an aqueous phase and an oil phase are mixed. The stability of the emulsification system is imparted by various emulsifiers. However, when the emulsified state is poor, a phenomenon that is inconvenient for use as an enteral nutrient such as fat separation or aggregate generation occurs. When many low molecular weight materials such as proteolytic products such as peptides and free amino acids are used, the emulsification system tends to be poor, and the use of emulsifiers is essential. is required.
[0006]
Accordingly, a liquid enteral nutrient containing a glutamine-containing peptide as described above, which is expected to improve protein metabolism, which is the effect of glutamine, has a good taste, and has an osmotic pressure with a low burden on the body, with an amino acid score of 100. It was desired.
However, emulsification that contains a protein degradation product such as protein and / or glutamine-containing peptides, lipids, saccharides, and emulsifiers as main components, good taste, osmotic pressure of 300 to 600 mOsm / kg, and an amino acid score of 100 A liquid enteral nutritional superior in stability has not been known so far.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to expect improvement of protein metabolism, improvement of immune ability, improvement of intestinal mucosa function, etc., and liquid enteral nutrition suitable for administration to patients at the time of surgical invasion, patients with severe infections, etc. It is to provide an enteral nutrition composition.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  As a result of intensive studies in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present inventors have improved liquid metabolism and improved immunity by administering liquid enteral nutrients to patients during surgical invasion and patients with severe infections, etc. In addition, glutamine content that can be expected to improve intestinal mucosa function is supplied with a glutamine-containing peptide, thereby avoiding the problem that the amino acid score is less than 100 by supplementing amino acids that can be restricted amino acids with free amino acids, and further The present invention has been completed by solving the destabilizing factor and bitterness caused by this by adding an appropriate emulsifier and sugar. That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [1][5]It is.
[1] Liquid enteral intestine comprising the following A component, B component, C component, D component and E component as main components, an osmotic pressure of 300 to 600 mOsm / kg, and an amino acid score of 100 Nutrient
A component: a nitrogen source component of 10 to 40 energy% with respect to the total energy source, protein, glutamine peptide-containing peptide, and amino acidThe amino acids are threonine, methionine and tryptophan
B component: 10-40% energy by weight of the total energy source,
C component: 40 to 80 energy% of carbohydrates based on the total energy source,
D component:It consists of succinic acid monoglyceride and citric acid monoglyceride.emulsifier,
E component: Water.
[2] Protein contained in component A is caseinate, milk proteinQualityThe liquid enteral nutrient according to [1].
[3The above-mentioned [1] to [1], wherein the saccharide of component C is one or more selected from the group consisting of dextrin, oligosaccharide, sucrose and fructose.2] The liquid enteral nutrient of any one of these.
[4] The liquid enteral nutrition according to any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the total calories are 80 to 200 kcal / 100 ml.Agent.
[5] It contains the following A component, B component, C component and D component as main components, and the osmotic pressure when dissolved or suspended in water so that the total calories are 80 to 200 kcal / 100 ml is 300 to 600 mOsm / kg. An enteral nutrient having an amino acid score of 100.
A component: a nitrogen source component of 10 to 40 energy% with respect to the total energy source, protein, glutamine peptide-containing peptide, and amino acidThe amino acids are threonine, methionine and tryptophan
B component: 10-40% energy by weight of the total energy source,
C component: 40 to 80 energy% of carbohydrates based on the total energy source,
D component:It consists of succinic acid monoglyceride and citric acid monoglyceride.emulsifier.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The enteral nutrient of the present invention is basically a liquid enteral nutrient containing a glutamine-containing peptide, protein, amino acid, lipid, carbohydrate, emulsifier and water, but provided as a composition excluding water. You can also When provided as a composition excluding water, it is used after dissolving or suspending by adding water at the time of use.
Hereinafter, although the enteral nutrient of the present invention will be described in detail, the liquid enteral nutrient after the preparation with addition of water will be mainly described. About the composition except water, it should just consider excluding water from these description. The mass% is w / w% based on the mass of the whole liquid enteral nutrient solution unless otherwise specified.
[0010]
As a nitrogen source component (A component) used by this invention, glutamine containing peptide (a1), protein (a2), and amino acid (a3) are mentioned as an essential component. The glutamine-containing peptide of a1 is a glutamine-containing peptide having an N-terminal pyroglutamic acid content of 5% by mass or less in terms of free pyroglutamic acid. Examples of the a2 protein include proteins such as caseinate (casein salt such as casein sodium), milk protein, soybean protein, and the like, and these may be used in combination. Examples of the amino acid a3 include essential amino acids such as L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-threonine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tryptophan, which are used in combination. Among the essential amino acids, it is preferable to use a combination of three amino acids, L-threonine, L-methionine and L-tryptophan. In particular, when a protein derived from milk such as caseinate and milk protein is used as the protein (a2), the amino acid (a3) is preferably a combination of the three amino acids L-threonine, L-methionine and L-tryptophan. It is. Moreover, a non-essential amino acid may be included as an amino acid. As a nitrogen source component (A component), you may contain proteolysate (a4) other than a glutamine containing peptide as needed. Examples of proteolysis products other than the a4 glutamine-containing peptide include casein peptide, milk protein peptide, and soybean protein peptide.
These nitrogen source components, that is, glutamine-containing peptide (a1), protein (a2), amino acid (a3), etc. are supplied at 10 to 40% by energy to the total energy source so that the amino acid score is 100 Formulate as follows. Since the amino acid score of the glutamine-containing peptide (a1) required in the present invention is as low as 30, it is generally preferable to combine an animal-derived protein having a high amino acid score as the protein (a2), particularly caseinate, milk protein. It is preferable to combine such proteins derived from milk. The composition of the combination of the glutamine-containing peptide (a1) and the protein (a2) has a restricted amino acid, and the amino acid score is less than 100. Therefore, by supplementing the amino acid to be a restricted amino acid with a free amino acid, nitrogen to be used The source amino acid score can be increased to 100. Here, the addition amount of the glutamine-containing peptide (a1) is preferably large from the viewpoint of the effect expression, but it is not preferable that the addition amount is too large from the viewpoint of maintaining the amino acid score at 100. Judging from these two viewpoints, the addition amount of the glutamine-containing peptide (a1) is suitably 1 to 5% by mass, more preferably 1.3 to 3% by mass, especially 1.5 to 2.5% by mass. % Is considered most preferred. The addition amount of the amino acid (a3) is preferably 0.01 to 0.2% by mass as the total amount of all free amino acids from the viewpoint of the taste of the prepared liquid enteral nutrient and the properties of the liquid. When L-threonine, L-methionine and L-tryptophan are added, the amount of each added is preferably 0.005 to 0.05% by mass, in particular, L-threonine is 0.01% by mass, L More preferably, methionine is 0.02% by mass and L-tryptophan is 0.02% by mass.
[0011]
Examples of the component B lipid used in the present invention include soybean oil, coconut oil, palm oil, safflower oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, medium chain fat, perilla oil, fish oil, and the like. Free fatty acids can also be used within the range not impairing the above. Lipids are extremely important nutrients as energy sources and functional components in the body, but on the other hand, they are difficult to digest and absorb compared to carbohydrates, and taking into account that large amounts can cause diarrhea and abdominal distension. As lipid, it is preferable to supply 10 to 40% by energy, particularly 20 to 30% by energy, based on the total energy source. Fatty acids are constituents of lipids, and are composed of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Of these, attention has recently been focused on the in vivo functions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are composed of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid. Fatty acids and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are metabolized by different pathways, and the products converted by these two types of metabolic systems have different in vivo functions. It is said that he governs. Examples of saturated fatty acid sources include coconut oil and medium chain fats that are excellent in digestion and absorption. Examples of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid sources include soybean oil, safflower oil, corn oil, Examples include rapeseed oil, perilla oil, and fish oil. Among polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipids that supply ω3 fatty acids are perilla oil and fish oil, and lipids that supply ω6 fatty acids are large. Examples include bean oil, safflower oil, corn oil and rapeseed oil. These lipids can be used singly or in combination of two or more depending on the purpose, but saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ω6 types Considering the balance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, it is preferable to use a combination of two or more.
[0012]
Examples of the carbohydrate of component C used in the present invention include dextrin, oligosaccharide, sucrose, fructose and the like. These carbohydrates can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These saccharides can also be used in combination. Carbohydrates provide 40-80% energy for all energy sources, but 55-75 to maintain blood glucose homeostasis and to properly consume proteins, lipids and other essential nutrients. It is preferable to supply% energy. In order to improve the taste and prevent diarrhea due to high osmotic pressure, the liquid osmotic nutrient should have an osmotic pressure of 300-600 mOsm / kg by combining two or more carbohydrates with different molecular weights. Are preferably used. In addition, amino acid bitterness can be effectively improved by using a sugar having a high sweetness such as fructose. Further, when a liquid enteral nutrient is administered by tube, it is necessary to have a low viscosity. From this viewpoint, a low molecular weight carbohydrate is advantageous. Considering all of these, it is considered that a combination of several dextrins having different molecular weights and fructose is preferable as the saccharide.
[0013]
Examples of the emulsifier for component D used in the present invention include poly or monoglycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, organic acid monoglyceride, lecithin and the like. These emulsifiers can be used singly or in combination of two or more, but considering the storage stability of the emulsified system, the effect on taste, etc., organic acid monoglycerides are preferable, and two organic acid monoglycerides are used. It is preferable to use in combination. Among these, a combination of succinic acid monoglyceride and citric acid monoglyceride is particularly preferable, and the addition ratio is preferably succinic acid monoglyceride: citric acid monoglyceride = 3: 2 to 2: 3.
The emulsifier is preferably contained in the total amount of 0.01 to 1% by mass, and more preferably 0.3 to 0.8% by mass. The emulsifier causes separation when it is less than 0.01% by mass, and when it exceeds 1% by mass, the storage stability of the prepared liquid enteral nutrient is deteriorated.
When the lipid content of the enteral nutrient containing these emulsifiers is analyzed, most of the added amount of the emulsifier is detected as the lipid content.
[0014]
In order to make the enteral nutrient of the present invention liquid, E component water is used. As water, what is used for normal processed foods, such as pure water, purified water, and ion-exchange water, is mentioned.
The enteral nutrient of the present invention is preferably prepared using the water so that the total calorie becomes 80 to 200 kcal / 100 ml when a liquid enteral nutrient is used. At the same time, the osmotic pressure is preferably adjusted to 300 to 600 mOsm / kg. Moreover, when performing tube administration, it is required that it is low-viscosity, and it is preferable to prepare so that it may become 30 cp or less. In addition, the amount of water added when preparing 100 kcal / 100 ml liquid enteral nutrient is about 60 to 90% by mass.
[0015]
In addition to the above ingredients, the enteral nutrient of the present invention preferably contains minerals and vitamins, and the mixing ratio is, for example, the sixth revised Japanese nutrition requirement (first publication) You can refer to the intake (target intake) described in
In addition to the enteral nutrient of the present invention, dietary fiber, fragrance, pH adjuster and the like can be blended.
[0016]
Next, an example of the method for producing the enteral nutrient of the present invention will be described.
The enteral nutrient of the present invention comprises a protein and / or proteolysate including glutamine-containing peptides, lipids, saccharides, emulsifiers, and if necessary, minerals, vitamins, It can be obtained by adding dietary fiber, fragrance, pH adjusting agent, dissolving or suspending, emulsifying at 50 MPa using a high-pressure homogenizer, and filling it into UHT sterilization treatment, paper pack or the like. Moreover, you may prepare by adding about 60 degreeC warm water to the said component at the time of use, and melt | dissolving or suspending.
[0017]
The enteral nutrient of the present invention can be enterally administered to a patient by an oral administration method or a tube administration method. As a tube administration method, a nasal method such as a nasogastric tube method or a nasal intestinal tube method, a fistula method such as a gastrostomy tube method or an intestinal fistula method, or the like can be used. In particular, the enteral nutrient of the present invention is suitable for administration to patients during surgical invasion, patients with serious infectious diseases, and the like.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
By administering the product of the present invention to patients undergoing surgical invasion, patients with severe infections, etc., improvement of protein metabolism, improvement of immune ability, improvement of intestinal mucosa function and the like can be expected.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on specific examples.
[Example 1]
As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, 3% sodium caseinate, 2% milk protein, 1.5% glutamine-containing peptide, 0.02% L-methionine by about 60 ° C. warm water, 0.01% L-threonine, 0.02% L-tryptophan, 1.4% rapeseed oil, 0.6% medium chain fat, 0.08% fish oil, 0.39 Wt% succinic acid monoglyceride, 0.26 wt% citric acid monoglyceride, 9 wt% DE11 dextrin, 3.0 wt% DE25 dextrin, 1.5 wt% fructose, 0.1 wt% citric acid Sodium acetate, 0.2% by weight potassium citrate, 0.1% by weight sodium metaphosphate, 0.05% by weight potassium chloride, 0.1% by weight magnesium sulfate, 0.01% by weight iron citrate Thorium, 0.04 wt% vitamin C, 0.02 wt% vitamin E, 0.002 wt% niacin, 0.0009 wt% pantothenic acid, 0.0006 wt% β-carotene, 0.0006 Mass% vitamin A, 0.0003 mass% vitamin B60.0003 mass% vitamin B20.0002 mass% vitamin B10.0000003 mass% vitamin B120.0001 mass% vitamin D, 0.000005 mass% folic acid, 0.000003 mass% vitamin K, 0.6 mass% guar gum degradation product, 0.1 mass% pineapple-like flavor, 0.07 Mass% sodium hydroxide was dissolved by stirring, emulsified at 50 MPa using a high-pressure homogenizer, and subjected to UHT sterilization treatment and filling into a paper pack to obtain a liquid enteral nutrient.
[0020]
Using the liquid enteral nutrient of Example 1, the analysis items of the test method described later were evaluated.
As shown in Table 1, the liquid enteral nutrient obtained in Example 1 was 100 kcal per 100 ml, the protein content was 5.5 g / 100 ml, the glutamine content was 0.75 g / 100 ml, the amino acid score was 100, and the lipid content. Was 2.6 g / 100 ml, and the sugar content was 13.7 g / 100 ml. The A component was 22 energy%, the B component was 23 energy%, and the C component was 55 energy%. Moreover, as a result of analyzing items that are important indicators for evaluating suitability for use as a liquid enteral nutrient, including emulsion stability, osmotic pressure was 480 mOsm / kg, viscosity 10 cp, average particle size Was 0.18 μm and pH was 6.7. When visually observed, oil separation and aggregation did not occur, and the taste was fruit ole-like and delicious. As a result of storing this liquid enteral nutrient in a paper pack for 180 days under the condition of 30 ° C., the osmotic pressure was 488 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 10 cp, the average particle size was 0.18 μm, the pH was 6.5, and visually When observed with, the oil and fat were separated and aggregates were not generated, and the taste was fruit ole-like and delicious.
From these evaluations, it was confirmed that the liquid enteral nutrient of Example 1 had good taste and was excellent in suitability for use as a liquid enteral nutrient including emulsion stability. Therefore, habitual administration becomes possible, and improvement in protein metabolism, improvement in immune ability, and improvement in intestinal mucosa function are expected by administration to patients during surgical invasion, patients with severe infections, and the like.
[0021]
[Test method]
(1) Protein content: Calculated from the analytical value of nitrogen by Kjeldahl method
(2) Glutamine content; calculated by combining amide nitrogen method and automatic amino acid analysis method
(3) Amino acid score: Amino composition analysis was performed by automatic amino acid analysis and high performance liquid chromatography, and the amino acid score pattern determined by FAO / WHO / UNU in 1985 was used as an index.
(4) Lipid content; Rese-Gottlieb method
(5) Total calories; calculated using an energy conversion factor according to nutrition labeling standards. The energy conversion factor is as follows: protein: 4, lipid: 9, carbohydrate: 4
(6) Carbohydrate content: Calculated based on nutrition labeling standards. 100-(water content (%) + protein content (%) + lipid content (%) + ash content (%) + dietary fiber content (%))
(7) Osmotic pressure;
(8) Viscosity: measured with a B-type viscometer after adjusting the liquid temperature to 20 ° C
(9) Average particle size: measured with an ultracentrifugal particle size distribution analyzer
(10) pH: Measured with a pH meter after adjusting the liquid temperature to 20 ° C
(11) Liquid properties: The presence or absence of oil separation or aggregation and the degree thereof are visually evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
A: Good,
○: There is no particular problem as a function of liquid enteral nutrient, but a slight heterogeneity is observed,
Δ: Slight occurrence of separated oil or fat or agglomerates is observed,
X: Fats and oils are remarkably separated, or the liquid state is not maintained as a whole.
(12) Taste: Evaluated by the total value of scores evaluated by each subject with a 10-point scale, with a sensory test performed by 20 subjects. The evaluation criteria are as follows.
A: 170-200 points
○: 140-169 points
Δ: 110-139 points
X: ~ 109 points.
(13) Storage test: After being stored in a paper pack at 30 ° C. for 180 days, the analysis items (7) to (12) above were evaluated.
[0022]
[Example 2]
The components shown in Tables 1 and 2 were dissolved in about 60 ° C. warm water with stirring, emulsified at 50 MPa using a high-pressure homogenizer, and subjected to UHT sterilization treatment and filling into a paper pack to obtain a liquid enteral nutrient. . About the obtained liquid enteral nutrient, the analysis item of the test method was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
As a result, the liquid enteral nutrient obtained in Example 2 was 100 kcal per 100 ml, the protein content was 5.5 g / 100 ml, the glutamine content was 0.75 g / 100 ml, the amino acid score was 100, and the lipid content was 2.6 g. The carbohydrate content was 13.7 g / 100 ml. The A component was 22 energy%, the B component was 23 energy%, and the C component was 55 energy%. The osmotic pressure was 472 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 10 cp, the average particle size was 0.21 μm, the pH was 6.7, and when visually observed, there was no separation of fats and oils, no occurrence of aggregates, and the taste was fruit ole-like It was delicious. As a result of storing this liquid enteral nutrient in a paper pack for 180 days under the condition of 30 ° C., the osmotic pressure was 493 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 12 cp, the average particle size was 0.24 μm, the pH was 6.5, and visually As a result, it was confirmed that the separation of oils and fats was slightly observed, and the taste was fruit ole-like and delicious, but was inferior to Example 1.
In addition, although the nutritional composition of Example 2 is the same as that of Example 1, it was inferior to Example 1 in the point of the property of the liquid in a preservation | save test, and the taste.
[0023]
[Example 3]
The components shown in Tables 1 and 2 were dissolved in about 60 ° C. warm water with stirring, emulsified at 50 MPa using a high-pressure homogenizer, and subjected to UHT sterilization treatment and filling into a paper pack to obtain a liquid enteral nutrient. . About the obtained liquid enteral nutrient, the analysis item of the test method was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
As a result, the liquid enteral nutrient obtained in Example 3 was 100 kcal per 100 ml, the protein content was 5.5 g / 100 ml, the glutamine content was 0.75 g / 100 ml, the amino acid score was 100, and the lipid content was 2.6 g. The carbohydrate content was 13.7 g / 100 ml. The A component was 22 energy%, the B component was 23 energy%, and the C component was 55 energy%. The osmotic pressure was 479 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 10 cp, the average particle size was 0.20 μm, and the pH was 6.7. As a result of visual observation, there was no occurrence of oil separation or aggregation, and the taste was fruit ole It was delicious. As a result of storing this liquid enteral nutrient in a paper pack for 180 days under the condition of 30 ° C., the osmotic pressure was 495 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 12 cp, the average particle size was 0.26 μm, the pH was 6.5, and visually As a result of observation, a liquid but non-uniform portion was confirmed, and the taste was fruit ole-like and delicious, but the result was inferior to Example 1.
In addition, although the nutritional composition of Example 3 is the same as that of Example 1, it was inferior to Example 1 at the point of the property of the liquid in a preservation | save test, and the taste.
[0024]
[Example 4]
The components shown in Tables 1 and 2 were dissolved in about 60 ° C. warm water with stirring, emulsified at 50 MPa using a high-pressure homogenizer, and subjected to UHT sterilization treatment and filling into a paper pack to obtain a liquid enteral nutrient. . About the obtained liquid enteral nutrient, the analysis item of the test method was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
As a result, the liquid enteral nutrient of Example 4 was 100 kcal per 100 ml, the protein content was 5.5 g / 100 ml, the glutamine content was 0.75 g / 100 ml, the amino acid score was 100, the lipid content was 2.6 g / 100 ml, The sugar content was 13.7 g / 100 ml. The A component was 22 energy%, the B component was 23 energy%, and the C component was 55 energy%. The osmotic pressure was 499 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 10 cp, the average particle size was 0.28 μm, and the pH was 6.7. As a result of visual observation, there was no separation of oils and fats, no agglomeration, etc. It was delicious. As a result of storing this liquid enteral nutrient contained in a paper pack for 180 days under the condition of 30 ° C., the osmotic pressure was 512 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 18 cp, the average particle size was 0.77 μm, the pH was 6.5, and visually As a result of observation, separation of fats and oils was observed on a part of the liquid surface, and the taste was slightly deteriorated.
In addition, although the nutritional composition of Example 4 is the same as that of Example 1, it was inferior to Example 1 at the point of the property of the liquid in a preservation | save test, and the taste.
[0025]
[Example 5]
The components shown in Tables 1 and 2 were dissolved in about 60 ° C. warm water with stirring, emulsified at 50 MPa using a high-pressure homogenizer, and subjected to UHT sterilization treatment and filling into a paper pack to obtain a liquid enteral nutrient. . About the obtained liquid enteral nutrient, the analysis item of the test method was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
As a result, the liquid enteral nutrient of Example 5 was 100 kcal per 100 ml, the protein content was 5.5 g / 100 ml, the glutamine content was 0.75 g / 100 ml, the amino acid score was 100, the lipid content was 2.6 g / 100 ml, The sugar content was 13.7 g / 100 ml. The A component was 22 energy%, the B component was 23 energy%, and the C component was 55 energy%. The osmotic pressure is 493 mOsm / kg, the viscosity is 10 cp, the average particle size is 0.26 μm, the pH is 6.7, and when visually observed, there is no separation of fats and oils, no occurrence of aggregates, and the taste is fruit ole It was delicious. As a result of storing this liquid enteral nutrient in a paper pack for 180 days under the condition of 30 ° C., the osmotic pressure was 507 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 14 cp, the average particle size was 0.58 μm, the pH was 6.5, and visually As a result of observation, a slight aggregate was observed, and the taste was slightly deteriorated.
In addition, Example 5 has the same nutritional composition as Example 1, but was inferior to Example 1 in terms of liquid properties and taste in the storage test.
[0026]
[Example 6]
The components shown in Tables 1 and 2 were dissolved in about 60 ° C. warm water with stirring, emulsified at 50 MPa using a high-pressure homogenizer, and subjected to UHT sterilization treatment and filling into a paper pack to obtain a liquid enteral nutrient. . About the obtained liquid enteral nutrient, the analysis item of the test method was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
As a result, the liquid enteral nutrient of Example 6 was 100 kcal per 100 ml, the protein content was 5.5 g / 100 ml, the glutamine content was 0.75 g / 100 ml, the amino acid score was 100, the lipid content was 2.6 g / 100 ml, The sugar content was 13.7 g / 100 ml. The A component was 22 energy%, the B component was 23 energy%, and the C component was 55 energy%. The osmotic pressure was 461 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 7 cp, the average particle size was 0.18 μm, and the pH was 6.1. When visually observed, there was no separation of oils and fats and no generation of aggregates. However, the taste was slightly sour. As a result of storing this liquid enteral nutrient contained in a paper pack for 180 days under the condition of 30 ° C., the liquid state was not maintained, so the osmotic pressure, viscosity, average particle diameter and pH after the storage test could not be carried out. . In addition, the taste was poor and the acidity was strongly felt.
In Example 6, the nutritional composition is the same as that of Example 1, but there are problems in the properties and taste of the liquid in the storage test, and it is necessary to use it early after preparation. Judged not suitable for commercialization.
[0027]
[Comparative Example 1]
The components shown in Tables 1 and 2 were dissolved in about 60 ° C. warm water with stirring, emulsified at 50 MPa using a high-pressure homogenizer, and subjected to UHT sterilization treatment and filling into a paper pack to obtain a liquid enteral nutrient. . About this liquid enteral nutrient, the analysis item of the test method was evaluated.
As a result, the liquid enteral nutrient of Comparative Example 1 was 100 kcal per 100 ml, the protein content was 5.5 g / 100 ml, the glutamine content was 0.2 g / 100 ml, the amino acid score was 100, the lipid content was 2.6 g / 100 ml, The sugar content was 13.7 g / 100 ml. The A component was 22 energy%, the B component was 23 energy%, and the C component was 55 energy%. The osmotic pressure was 472 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 9 cp, the average particle size was 0.19 μm, and the pH was 6.7. As a result of visual observation, there was no separation of oils and fats, no formation of agglomerates, etc. It was delicious. As a result of storing this liquid enteral nutrient in a paper pack for 180 days under the condition of 30 ° C., the osmotic pressure was 480 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 10 cp, the average particle size was 0.19 μm, the pH was 6.5, and visually As a result, it was found that there was no separation of oils and fats, no generation of agglomerates, etc., and the taste was fruit ole-like and delicious.
From these evaluations, it was confirmed that Comparative Example 1 had good taste and was excellent in suitability as a liquid enteral nutrient including emulsion stability. However, since it does not contain a glutamine-containing peptide, it cannot be expected to improve protein metabolism, improve immune ability, or improve intestinal mucosal function even when administered to patients during surgical invasion or severely infected patients.
[0028]
[Comparative Example 2]
The components shown in Tables 1 and 2 were dissolved in about 60 ° C. warm water with stirring, emulsified at 50 MPa using a high-pressure homogenizer, and subjected to UHT sterilization treatment and filling into a paper pack to obtain a liquid enteral nutrient. . About the obtained liquid enteral nutrient, the analysis item of the test method was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
As a result, the liquid enteral nutrient of Comparative Example 2 was 100 kcal per 100 ml, the protein content was 5.5 g / 100 ml, the glutamine content was 0.75 g / 100 ml, the amino acid score was 70, the lipid content was 2.6 g / 100 ml, The sugar content was 13.7 g / 100 ml. The A component was 22 energy%, the B component was 23 energy%, and the C component was 55 energy%. The osmotic pressure was 476 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 9 cp, the average particle size was 0.19 μm, and the pH was 6.7. When visually observed, there was no separation of oils and fats, no formation of aggregates, and the taste was fruit ole It was delicious. As a result of storing this liquid enteral nutrient in a paper pack for 180 days under the condition of 30 ° C., the osmotic pressure was 483 mOsm / kg, the viscosity was 10 cp, the average particle size was 0.19 μm, the pH was 6.5, and visually When observed with, the oil and fat were separated and aggregates were not generated, and the taste was fruit ole-like and delicious.
However, in Comparative Example 2, since the amino acid score is 70, the essential amino acid is insufficient, and the administered patient may be in a malnutrition state. Improvement of protein metabolism and improvement of immunity expected as an effect of glutamine In addition, effects such as improvement of intestinal mucosa function cannot be expected so much.
[0029]
[Comparative Example 3]
The components shown in Tables 1 and 2 were dissolved in about 60 ° C. warm water with stirring, emulsified at 50 MPa using a high-pressure homogenizer, and subjected to UHT sterilization treatment and filling into a paper pack to obtain a liquid enteral nutrient. . About the obtained liquid enteral nutrient, the analysis item of the test method was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
As a result, immediately after the liquid enteral nutrient of Comparative Example 3 was prepared, the fats and oils were remarkably separated, the taste was noticeable and the presence of the fats and oils was clearly felt, and the emulsification was clearly poor. It was judged that.
[0030]
The above compositions and results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0031]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004328065
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004328065

Claims (5)

下記のA成分、B成分、C成分、D成分およびE成分を主成分として含み、且つ浸透圧が300〜600mOsm/kgで、アミノ酸スコアが100となることを特徴とする液状経腸栄養剤。
A成分:全エネルギー源に対して、10〜40エネルギー%の窒素源成分であり、蛋白質、グルタミン含有ペプチド、およびアミノ酸を含み、前記アミノ酸はスレオニン、メチオニン及びトリプトファンである
B成分:全エネルギー源に対して10〜40エネルギー%の脂質、
C成分:全エネルギー源に対して40〜80エネルギー%の糖質、
D成分:コハク酸モノグリセリドとクエン酸モノグリセリドからなる、全液の0.01〜1質量%である乳化剤、
E成分:水。
A liquid enteral nutrient comprising the following A component, B component, C component, D component and E component as main components, an osmotic pressure of 300 to 600 mOsm / kg, and an amino acid score of 100.
A component: a nitrogen source component of 10 to 40% by energy with respect to the total energy source, including a protein, a glutamine-containing peptide, and an amino acid , wherein the amino acid is threonine, methionine, and tryptophan. 10-40 energy% lipids,
C component: 40 to 80 energy% of carbohydrates based on the total energy source,
D component: an emulsifier composed of succinic acid monoglyceride and citric acid monoglyceride and 0.01 to 1% by mass of the total liquid ,
E component: Water.
A成分中に含まれる蛋白質が、カゼイネート、乳蛋白質からなる請求項1に記載の液状経腸栄養剤。Protein contained in the component A, caseinate, liquid enteral nutrient according to claim 1 consisting of milk protein. C成分の糖質が、主としてデキストリン、オリゴ糖、蔗糖および果糖からなる群から選ばれる1種または2種以上である、請求項1〜項のいずれか1項に記載の液状経腸栄養剤。The liquid enteral nutrient according to any one of claims 1 to 2 , wherein the carbohydrate of component C is one or more selected from the group consisting mainly of dextrin, oligosaccharide, sucrose and fructose. . 総カロリーが80〜200kcal/100mlである、請求項1〜3項のいずれか1項に記載の液状経腸栄養Total calories is 80~200kcal / 100ml, liquid enteral nutritional composition according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein. 下記のA成分、B成分、C成分及びD成分を主成分として含み、総カロリーが80〜200kcal/100mlになるように水に溶解又は懸濁した時の浸透圧が300〜600mOsm/kgで、アミノ酸スコアが100になることを特徴とする経腸栄養
A成分:全エネルギー源に対して、10〜40エネルギー%の窒素源成分であり、蛋白質、グルタミン含有ペプチド、およびアミノ酸を含み、前記アミノ酸はスレオニン、メチオニン及びトリプトファンである
B成分:全エネルギー源に対して10〜40エネルギー%の脂質、
C成分:全エネルギー源に対して40〜80エネルギー%の糖質、
D成分:コハク酸モノグリセリドとクエン酸モノグリセリドからなる、全液の0.01〜1質量%である乳化剤。
It contains the following A component, B component, C component and D component as main components, and the osmotic pressure when dissolved or suspended in water so that the total calories are 80 to 200 kcal / 100 ml is 300 to 600 mOsm / kg, enteral nutritional agent characterized in that the amino acid score of 100.
A component: a nitrogen source component of 10 to 40% by energy with respect to the total energy source, including a protein, a glutamine-containing peptide, and an amino acid , wherein the amino acid is threonine, methionine, and tryptophan. 10-40 energy% lipids,
C component: 40 to 80 energy% of carbohydrates based on the total energy source,
D component: An emulsifier composed of succinic acid monoglyceride and citric acid monoglyceride in an amount of 0.01 to 1% by mass of the total liquid .
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