TW201243321A - Electric field generator and electric field generation method - Google Patents

Abstract

An electric filed generator comprising: a container containing a liquid; a first electrode and a second electrode, said electrodes being placed at a preset interval in a state where at least a part of each electrode is soaked in the liquid contained in said container; and an alternating current generator, which is connected to the first and second electrodes, for applying an unsymmetrical alternating current between the electrodes. This electric filed generator is characterized in that said alternating current generator generates in said liquid either an electric field that flows substantially from the first electrode toward the second electrode or an electric field that flows substantially from the second electrode toward the first electrode.

Description

201243321 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an electric field generating device and an electric field generating method for generating an electric field in a liquid. Further, a floating body moving device for moving a suspended solid in a liquid, a floating body moving method, an electric (four) setting and an electrophoresis method, an electroosmotic flow pump, and an operating method thereof. [Prior Art] In order to separate and analyze molecules such as charged particles or proteins, an electrophoresis method in which a pair of electrodes are immersed in a solution containing molecules or the like and a direct current voltage is applied between the electrodes is used. As described above, when a DC voltage is applied between a pair of electrodes, a unidirectional electric field is generated in the solution, so that the charged particles can be moved in the direction of one of the electrodes. For example, Patent Document 1 describes an electrophoresis apparatus for determining a base sequence of DNA. In the electrophoresis apparatus of Patent Document 1, an electrode layer accommodated in an electrolytic solution is disposed at both ends of a flat block-shaped swimming gel corresponding to a solution, and a traveling power source to which a running voltage is applied is connected to the electrode layer. The swimming power source is a DC power source. If a unidirectional DC voltage (electric field) is applied between the electrode layers, the DC current flows in one direction, and the DN A fragment sample of the analysis object injected into the electrophoresis gel is in the swimming gel. Swim and separate. Further, a device in which a pair of electrodes are disposed in a liquid and a direct current voltage is applied between the electrodes to generate a unidirectional electric field in the liquid is used in various fields such as an electroosmotic flow pump or a device for moving charged fine particles. in. [Provisional Technical Documents] 162130.doc 201243321 [Patent Document 1] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 7- 15 16 8 (Convention) [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, by causing a direct current at the electrode In the case where an electric field is generated between the liquids and flows in the liquid, there is a problem that the liquid is electrolyzed by the current for a long period of time, or the electrodes are corroded by the electrochemical reaction. Further, due to such reactions, problems such as generation of bubbles in the liquid or contamination of the liquid may occur. Moreover, such problems are associated with contamination of the sample in the electrophoresis apparatus, and cause malfunction due to bubbles in the electroosmotic flow pump. Therefore, the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and an electric field generating device and an electric field generating method capable of generating an electric field in a liquid in a liquid without causing electrolysis or electrochemical reaction of a liquid or the like. . [Technical means for solving the problem] The present invention provides an electric field generating apparatus characterized by comprising: a container in which a liquid is injected; and a specific interval is opened in such a manner that at least a part thereof is immersed in a liquid injected into the container. a second electrode and a second electrode disposed; and an alternating current generating H connected between the second electrode and the second electrode and applying an asymmetric alternating current between the electrodes, wherein the alternating current generator generates substantially The electric field of the first electrode toward the second electrode and the electric field substantially from one of the electric fields of the second electrode toward the first electrode. Thereby, since an asymmetric I alternating current is applied between the second electrode and the second electrode, a unidirectional electric field can be substantially generated in the liquid, and liquid electrolysis or electrochemical reaction is hardly caused by 162130.doc 201243321. Thereby, the electrode rot can be suppressed. Here, in the electric field generating apparatus described above, it is preferable that the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in direct contact with the liquid injected into the container; and in the asymmetric alternating current, the third electrode and the second electrode are The voltage V(t) between the two electrodes (t is time) is integrated by the cycle of alternating current, and the value of the formula Veff=JV(t)dt is substantially zero and does not have a substantial DC component. As a result, since a pure DC current does not flow between the first electrode and the second electrode, electrolysis or electrochemical reaction of the liquid is less likely to occur, and electrode corrosion can be reliably prevented. Further, in the electric field generating device, it is possible that at least one of the second electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not in direct contact with the liquid. Thereby, since at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with the insulating film, a direct current does not flow between the two electrodes. Therefore, liquid electrolysis or electrochemical reaction is hardly caused, so that electrode rot can be more reliably prevented. Moreover, the present invention provides a floating body moving device, characterized in that it comprises: a container in which a liquid floating in an object is injected: a specific interval is opened in such a manner that at least a part of each is immersed in a liquid injected into the container. a first electrode and a second electrode disposed; and an alternating current generator connected to the second electrode and the second electrode and having an asymmetric alternating current applied between the electrodes; and the asymmetry applied by the alternating current generator The alternating current moves to the object floating in the liquid to move from the second electrode to the second electrode or from the second electrode to the second electrode. 162130.doc 201243321 Thereby, an asymmetric movement between the first electrode and the second thunder '2 electrode can cause the object floating in the liquid to move in one direction, and hardly cause liquid electrolysis or electrochemistry. The reaction 'can thereby inhibit electrode rot. Here, in the above-described floating body moving device, it is possible that the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in direct contact with the liquid; in the asymmetric alternating current, the first electrode and the second electrode are The voltage V(t) (t is time) is obtained by integrating the i-cycle of the alternating current

The value of Veff=iV(t)dt is substantially zero and does not have a substantial DC component. By this, due to the first! Since a pure direct current does not flow between the electrode and the second electrode, it is less likely to cause electrolysis or electrochemical reaction of the liquid, and the electrode corrosion can be surely prevented. Further, in the floating body moving device, it is possible that at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not in direct contact with the liquid. In the above embodiment, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with the insulating film, so that no direct current flows between the two electrodes. Therefore, liquid electrolysis or electrochemical reaction is hardly caused, so that the electrode rot can be more reliably prevented. Further, the present invention provides an electrophoresis apparatus comprising: a migration tank into which a liquid containing a sample is injected; and a configuration in which at least a part of each is immersed in a liquid injected into the migration tank at a specific interval a first electrode and a second electrode; and an alternating current generator connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and having an asymmetric alternating current applied between the electrodes; and the asymmetric alternating current applied by the alternating current generator The sample contained in the liquid is moved between the first electrode and the second electrode in the liquid of 162130.doc • 6 · 201243321; at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not covered with the liquid direct contact. Thereby, since an asymmetric alternating current is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the sample can be electrophoresed, and when electrophoresis is performed, liquid can be prevented from being electrolyzed to generate bubbles, thereby preventing electrode corrosion due to electrochemical reaction. Thereby the liquid is contaminated. Therefore, with electrophoresis, the sample can be more accurately resolved. Moreover, the present invention provides an electrophoretic display device comprising: an i-th electrode and a second electrode disposed opposite to each other at a predetermined interval; and is disposed in a space sandwiched by the first electrode and the second electrode, and An electrophoretic element comprising a plurality of capsules encapsulating the electrophoretic particles and the dispersion; an alternating current generator connected to the ith electrode and the second electrode, and applying an asymmetric alternating current between the electrodes; and using the asymmetric communication The electrophoretic particles in each capsule are moved in the direction of one of the electrodes. Thereby, the electrophoretic particles in the respective capsules can be moved by the first electrode and the second flow, and the positions of the respective capsules can be displayed by swimming. In the case where an asymmetric cross between two electrodes is continued to be a pixel in the direction of one of the electrodes, it may be based on the electric ...~ claw, and the Danfu is included as a flow passage including a flowing body; a first pole and a second electrode having a plurality of holes in the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the channel; a cross-connector coupled between the pole and the second electrode, and applying an asymmetric parent device between the electrodes; By applying the above-mentioned non-opposite parent "IL, the liquid flowing into the flow chamber is self-located from the upstream portion of the flow path. The first electrode of the crucible is transported in the direction of the second electrode located downstream of the runner 162130.doc 201243321. Thereby, since an asymmetrical exchange is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the liquid in the flow path can be transported in one direction, and the liquid can be prevented from being electrolyzed to generate bubbles, and the electrode corrosion can be prevented from being caused by the electrochemical reaction. Therefore, since the means for removing the bubbles is not required, the structure of the electroosmotic flow pump can be simplified, and the reliability of the electroosmotic flow pump can be improved. Here, in the electroosmotic flow pump described above, it is preferable that the second electrode and the second electrode are disposed in direct contact with the liquid flowing into the flow channel; and in the asymmetric alternating current, the first electrode and the first electrode are The voltage V (t) between the two electrodes (t is time) is obtained by integrating the 1 cycle of the alternating current.

The value of Veff=JV(t)dt is substantially zero and does not have a substantial DC component. As a result, since a pure DC current does not flow between the first electrode and the second electrode, electrolysis or electrochemical reaction of the liquid is less likely to occur, and electrode corrosion can be surely prevented. Further, in the electroosmotic flow pump, it is possible that at least one of the second electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film without being in direct contact with the liquid. As a result, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered by the insulating film, so that no direct current flows between the two electrodes. Therefore, bubbles are not generated by liquid electrolysis, and the electrode rot caused by the electrochemical reaction can be more reliably prevented. Further, in the electroosmotic flow pump, it is possible to provide an electroosmotic material composed of a porous material in the flow path between the second electrode and the second electrode. Further, the electroosmotic fruit of the present invention can be disposed on a fuel cell. 162130.doc 201243321 Furthermore, the electroosmotic flow pump of the present invention can also be used as a cooling pump or a device for driving a chemical supply device. Further, the present invention provides a method for generating an electric field, comprising the steps of: injecting a liquid into a container; and arranging at least a portion of each of the liquids injected into the swimming tank to vacate a specific interval a step of disposing the electrode first electrode, and applying an asymmetric alternating current between the first electrode and the second electrode, and generating an electric field substantially from the first electrode toward the second electrode or substantially from the liquid An electric field generating step of the electric field of the second electrode toward the electric field of the first electrode. (4) In the present invention, since an asymmetric alternating current is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, a unidirectional electric field can be generated in the (f) inner mass, and the liquid electrolysis or the electrochemical reaction is hardly caused, thereby suppressing the etching. . Further, the present invention is characterized by the electric field generating method described above, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in direct contact with the liquid; and in the asymmetric alternating current, the first electrode and the first electrode The voltage V(t) between the two electrodes (t is time) is obtained by integrating the cycle of the alternating current cycle.

The value of Veff = |V(t)dt is substantially 0' and does not have a substantial DC component. As a result, since a pure DC current does not flow between the first electrode and the second electrode, electrolysis or electrochemical reaction of the liquid is less likely to occur, so that electrode burnt can be reliably prevented. Further, it is possible that at least the above-mentioned second electrode and the second electrode are covered by the insulating film without being in direct contact with the liquid. 162I30.doc •9·201243321 Thereby, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film, so that a direct current does not flow between the two electrodes. Therefore, the liquid electrolysis or the electrochemical reaction is hardly caused, so that the electrode rice can be more reliably prevented. Further, it is preferable to use a rectangular wave having a high potential duration and a low potential duration as the above-described asymmetric alternating current. Thereby, the circuit for generating the asymmetric alternating current is relatively simple, and the unidirectional electric field can be substantially generated in the liquid. Further, as the above-described asymmetric communication, it is preferable to use a triangular wave or a sawtooth wave having a different rise time and fall time. Thereby, the circuit for generating the asymmetric alternating current is relatively simple, and the unidirectional electric field can be substantially generated in the liquid. Further, the present invention provides a method for moving a floating body, comprising: preparing a liquid for injecting a liquid to the container; and arranging at least a portion of each of the liquids in a manner that is vacant at a specific interval a step of disposing the ι electrode and the second electrode; and applying an asymmetric alternating current between the first electrode and the second electrode, and performing an object floating in the liquid from the first electrode to the second electrode The movement or the movement step of the movement from the second electrode to the first electrode. Thereby, since an asymmetric alternating current is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the object floating in the liquid can be moved in one direction, and the liquid electrolysis or the electrochemical reaction is hardly caused, thereby suppressing The electrode is corroded. Here, in the above method for moving a floating body, it is possible that the second electrode and the second electrode are disposed in direct contact with the liquid; I62130.doc •10·201243321 In the above asymmetric communication, The voltage v(t) between the ith electrode and the second electrode (t is time) is obtained by integrating the 丨 period of the alternating current

The value of Veff=JV(t)dt is substantially zero and does not have a substantial DC component. Thereby, since a pure DC current does not flow between the second electrode and the second electrode, electrolysis or electrochemical reaction of the liquid is less likely to occur, and electrode corrosion can be surely prevented. Further, in the floating body moving method, it is possible that at least one of the second electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not in direct contact with the liquid. As a result, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered by the insulating film, so that no direct current flows between the two electrodes. Therefore, the liquid electrolysis or the electrochemical reaction is hardly caused, so that the electrode rot can be more surely prevented. Further, the present invention provides an electrophoresis method characterized by comprising: a preparation step of injecting a liquid containing a sample moved by electrophoresis into a swimming tank; and vacating a specific interval in such a manner that at least a portion thereof is immersed in the liquid a step of disposing the first electrode and the second electrode; and applying an asymmetric alternating current between the first electrode and the second electrode, and moving the sample between the first electrode and the second electrode in the liquid And a step of migrating; at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not in direct contact with the liquid. Thereby, since an asymmetric alternating current is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the sample can be electrophoresed, and when electrophoresis is performed, the liquid can be prevented from being electrolyzed to generate bubbles, and the electrode can be prevented from being corroded by the electrochemical reaction. Thus polluted liquid 162130.doc 201243321. Therefore, with electrophoresis, a more accurate analysis of the sample can be performed. Further, the present invention provides a method of operating an electroosmotic flow pump, characterized in that: a first electrode and a second electrode are disposed apart from each other in an upstream portion and a downstream portion in a flow path of an electroosmotic flow pump; and an asymmetric alternating current is applied to the first portion The electrode and the second electrode are connected to each other, and the liquid flowing into the flow path is transported from the first electrode located in the upstream portion of the flow path to the second electrode located in the downstream portion of the flow path. Thereby, since an asymmetric alternating current is applied between the second electrode and the second electrode, the liquid in the flow path can be transported in one direction, and the liquid can be prevented from being electrolyzed to generate a bubble, which is caused by an electrochemical reaction. Since the mechanism for removing bubbles is not required, the structure of the electroosmotic flow can be simplified, and the reliability of the electroosmotic flow pump can be improved. Here, in the method of operating the electroosmotic flow pump described above, it is preferable that the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in direct contact with the liquid; and in the asymmetric alternating current, the first electrode and the first electrode are The voltage V(t) between the second electrodes (t is time) is obtained by integrating the cycle of the alternating current

The value of Veff=/V(t)dt is substantially zero and does not have a substantial DC component. Thereby, since a pure DC current does not flow between the first electrode and the second electrode, it is possible to prevent the liquid from being electrolyzed to generate bubbles, and it is possible to more reliably prevent the electrode from being corroded by the electrochemical reaction. Further, in the method of operating the electroosmotic flow pump, it is possible that at least one of the second electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not in direct contact with the liquid. 162130.doc -12 201243321 At least the square of the 2 electrodes is covered by the insulating film, so that no direct current flows between the two electrodes. Therefore, bubbles are not generated by the liquid electrolysis, and the electrode corrosion can be prevented more reliably due to the electrochemical reaction. [Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, since an asymmetric alternating current is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, which is an electrode, the unidirectional electric field can be substantially generated in the liquid without the need for an electrode. Continuous application of a unidirectional electric field generated by a direct current can suppress electrolysis and electrochemical reactions in the liquid, thereby suppressing corrosion of the electrode. [Embodiment] <Definition by sigma> First, the definition of "asymmetric AC" used in the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4. Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a non-asymmetric, that is, symmetrical current. Figure 3 and Figure 3 illustrate the waveform of an asymmetric AC. Fig. 4 is a view showing a concrete method of determining whether or not it is asymmetrical. Figure 1 shows four examples of non-asymmetric, i.e., symmetrical, current waveforms (a graph showing the relationship between voltage V and time t). Figure 1 (a) is a symmetrical sine wave. On the graph, the 丨丨丨 system voltage is the minimum point, the 112 series voltage is the maximum point, and the 113 series voltage is again the minimum value. One portion of the waveform 114 (from 111 to 112) is the boosting process, and another portion of the waveform 115 (from the 112 to 113 interval) is the buck process. From point 111 to point 113 is a cycle of alternating current. 162130.doc 201243321 Here, the standard for judging the sine wave of Fig. 1(a) is determined as shown in Figs. 4(a) and (b). Fig. 4(a) shows Fig. 1(a) again. Figure 4(b)t, taking the boosting process 114 of the waveform of the graph and inverting the voltage axis (114 〇. Of course, the u4r and the waveform bucking process U5 correctly coincide. That is, the boosting process The alternating with the decompression process is called non-asymmetric alternating or symmetrical alternating. Figure 1(b) is a symmetrical rectangular wave. In this case, the voltage is the smallest, not only one, but also 121a or 121c, or Wait for 1211 between 2 points). Similarly, the point at which the voltage is maximum is not only a 'can be 122& or 122, or 122b between the two points. However, in order to determine whether the symmetry is as described above, it is necessary to determine the boost of the waveform. The range of process 124 and buck process 125. In the future, there are a plurality of points where the voltage is the smallest (maximum), and the final point is adopted. That is, the boosting process 124 is set to be between and the step-down process is set between 122 & and 123a. Since the boosting process 124 (from the interval of 121 & to 1223) and the step-down process 125 (from the interval of 122a to 123a) are completely coincident by inverting the voltage axis, the alternating wave of Fig. 1(b) is also Obviously symmetrical. Figure 1 (c) is a symmetrical triangular wave. The boosting process 134 (from U1 to ι32) and the buck process 135 (from 132 to 133) are completely coincident by inverting the voltage axis. Although the waveform of Figure 1(d) is more complex, it is still a symmetric intersection. The boosting process 144 (from the interval 141 to 142) and the buck process 145 (the interval from 142 to 143) are completely coincident by inverting the voltage axis. On the other hand, Fig. 2 shows four examples of the waveform of the asymmetric alternating current. Fig. 2(a) shows a sinusoidal change in waveform but an asymmetrical exchange. The reason is 162130.doc •14· 201243321 As shown in Figures 4(c) and (d), because even if the boosting process 214 (from the interval of 211 to 212) is reversed in the voltage axis (214r), it will not fall. The pressure process 215 (from the interval 212 to 213) coincides. Fig. 2(b) shows an asymmetric rectangular wave at a high potential (high potential duration) and a low potential (low potential duration). Because even if the boosting process 224 (from the interval 221 to 222) is reversed in the voltage axis, it will not coincide with the buck process 225 (from the interval of 222 to 223). Figure 2(c) is an asymmetrical triangular wave. Because even if the boosting process 234 (from the interval of 23 J to 232) is reversed in the voltage axis, it does not coincide with the buck process ns (from the interval of 232 to 233). The waveform of Figure 2(d) is complex but still asymmetric. Because even if the boosting process 244 (from the interval 241 to 242) is reversed in the voltage axis, it does not coincide with the buck process 245 (from the interval 242 to 243). Further, although not shown, a sawtooth wave having a different rising time and falling time may be used as the asymmetric alternating current. Figure 3 is an example of an asymmetrical exchange in which the period or amplitude changes with time. Example 0 In Figure 3(4), the period and time increase. Since the boosting process 314 (in the interval from 3U to 3Π) does not overlap with the step-down process 315 (from the interval of 312 to 313), it is an asymmetrical alternating current. Both cycle and time increase in Figure 3(b). Since the θ knife is even if the boosting process 324 (from the interval of 321 to 322) is reversed in the voltage axis, the section 1/5 does not coincide with the step-down process 325 (from the interval of 322 to 323), so it is asymmetric. Communication. If we summarize the above, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, a circle of 13 〒, the so-called non-pair 162130.doc 15 201243321 called the exchange, defined as the AC boost process and the buck process, even if one of them The voltage axis is reversed, and the two still do not coincide with each other, also known as asymmetric communication. In the following, an apparatus and method for asymmetrically generating a unidirectional electric field in a liquid are used, and a specific example will be described. <Embodiment 1> A liquid according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 5 . An electric field generating device and an electric field generating method for generating a one-way electric field. Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a device (electric field generating means) 1100 for generating a unidirectional electric field in a liquid. The container 1111 is filled with the liquid 1112. At least a portion of the first electrode m3 and the second electrode 1114 are immersed in the liquid 1112. An AC power source 丨丨丨5 (also referred to as an AC generator) that generates an asymmetric AC is connected to the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114. Here, the container 1111 may be any one that can hold the liquid 1112. The liquid 1112 is effective to generate a unidirectional electric field, preferably a smaller ion concentration. For example, an alcohol such as ethanol, methanol, IPA (Is〇pr〇pyl Alc〇h〇1: isopropanol), an organic solvent such as light oil essence or acetone, or the like is preferable. In the case of using water, it is preferred to use pure water, ion-free water or the like. As long as the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114 have sufficient conductivity, VJ&quot;, the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114 are disposed to face each other, and the electric field between the two electrodes can be made. Both the orientation and the intensity are... Therefore, in the embodiment described later, the object to be charged or the object to be electrophoresis can be properly controlled when the charged object in the liquid is moved in one direction or in the case of electric ice. Further, as the electrode material, for example, a metal such as copper, gold, tungsten or aluminum or a semiconductor to which an impurity imparting conductivity is added may be used. The shape of the electrode is, for example, a flat plate-shaped electrode having an area of about 5 cm x 5 em. The pair of electrodes are disposed opposite each other only by a predetermined distance, and the distance between the electrodes is, for example, about 10 (10). The shape or arrangement of the electrodes is not limited thereto, and an electrode having a shape of a 祠-shaped or block-shaped shape may be disposed so as to sandwich a region where an electric field is generated. Further, the distance between the electrodes is preferably set to be several to tens of cm in accordance with the region where the electric field is to be generated. The asymmetric alternating current generated in the parent current source 1115 and applied to the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114 can be, for example, as shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3. The AC voltage value v of Figs. 2 and 3 is used as the voltage applied to the first electrode 1113 with the second electrode 1U4 as a reference voltage. At this time, for example, when the asymmetric alternating current shown in Fig. 2 is applied, the direction of the electric field substantially generated in the liquid 1112 is toward the right (the direction of the arrow symbol 1117 in Fig. 5). The preferred frequency of asymmetric communication varies from one liquid to another. Generally, a liquid contains ions, and the higher the concentration of ions in the liquid, the faster the electric field generated in the liquid disappears corresponding to the potential change of the electrode. In the case where the voltage change of the asymmetric alternating current (proportional to the frequency) is longer than the time when the electric field generated in the liquid disappears, the electric field is hardly generated in the liquid. Therefore, the frequency is lowered in the liquid having a low ion concentration, and the frequency is increased in the liquid having a high ion concentration. As an example, in the case of using IPA as a liquid, it is preferably 5 Hz to 50 162130.doc 201243321 kHz 'The case where pure water is used as the liquid is 5 〇〇 Hz to 5 MHz. However, in the case where the concentration of ions is high due to contamination of the liquid, it is necessary to increase the frequency. When the ion concentration of the liquid 1112 is high, when the asymmetric alternating current is applied to the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114, the effect of preventing the liquid m2 from being generated in the unidirectional electrode becomes stronger. This is because a large amount of ions are present in the vicinity of the surface of the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114, and the change in the number of charges in the vicinity of the surface of the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114 is opposite to the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114. The change in potential quickly catches up. Therefore, in the case where the ion concentration of the liquid 1112 is high, it is necessary to increase the frequency of the asymmetric exchange. The behavior of the ions of the liquid 1112 in the case where the ion concentration of the liquid 1112 is high will also be described later at the end of the simulation results. The preferred voltage for asymmetric communication is suitably determined by the strength of the necessary electric field. For example, when the distance between the electrodes is 1 cm, a voltage of 1 V or more and 500 V or less can be used. Thus, by applying an asymmetric alternating current to the first electrode i丨丨3 and the second electrode 1114, an electric field is generated in the liquid 1112 substantially in one direction. The reason is explained based on the simulation results described later. However, the problem of etching electrodes or the like due to liquid electrolysis or electrochemical reaction is determined by the DC current flowing between the electrodes, and there is almost no problem in the communication. In the electrochemical reaction (electro-corrosion), when the direct current flows, although the oxidation reaction occurs in the anode 162130.doc •18·201243321, the corrosion starts to occur, but the reduction reaction occurs at the cathode so that the corrosion does not occur. On the other hand, in the case where the alternating current flows, since the oxidation reaction and the reduction reaction of the same degree alternately occur, the two electrodes are hardly rotted and the electrolysis is the same. Conversely, since the reaction product moves by diffusion, it is not limited to the deuteration reaction and the reduction reaction at a low frequency. Generally, the electrochemical reaction or electrolysis in the alternating current is much smaller than that of the direct current. Therefore, an electric field can be generated in one direction in the liquid due to the exchange, which means that an electric field can be generated unidirectionally in the liquid with little or no electrochemical reaction or electrolysis. In this way, the anode is corroded in the case where the direct current flows, and the case where the alternating current flows is not easily caused by the electrochemical reaction or the electrolysis, and the corrosion of the electrolysis is hardly occurred. 'Whether it is either symmetrical or asymmetric, the oxidation reaction and the reduction reaction alternate, so that corrosion of the electrode hardly occurs. In the liquid 1112, the step of substantially unidirectionally generating the electric field mainly comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a liquid 1Π2 into the container 1111; and (2) immersing at least a part of the liquid in the liquid crucible 12, The arrangement of the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114 is arranged at a predetermined interval; (3) an asymmetric alternating current is applied between the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114', and substantially generated in the liquid 1112. An electric field generating step of the electric field generated by the electric field of the first electrode m3 toward the second electrode 1114 or substantially from the second electrode 1114 toward the electric field of the first electrode 1113 162130.doc • 19-201243321. By applying an asymmetric alternating current between the two electrodes (1) 3, 1114 by using the method or apparatus as described above, a unidirectional electric field can be substantially generated in the liquid. Further, in the asymmetric communication, although the direction of the electric field is alternately reversed, as described above, since the processes of step-up and step-down do not overlap, substantially: a one-way electric field. The term "substantially unidirectional" means that when the electric field vector generated in the liquid is integrated in a period of asymmetrical alternating current, a full period, or a sufficiently long time, the electric field vector is not zero but is oriented in a finite direction toward a single direction. Therefore, it does not mean that the direction of the electric field vector always faces a single direction. In fact, in the case where asymmetric communication is applied, the direction of the electric field vector is reversed by the period of the asymmetric alternating current. Thus, the unidirectional electric field is substantially generated. Since oxidation and reduction alternately occur as described above, the liquid hardly occurs. The reaction will be almost impossible to happen. However, applying a symmetrical alternating current: the situation, = the corrosion of the electrode is not easy to occur, but the unidirectional electric field cannot be generated. Therefore, the case where an asymmetric alternating current is applied is the same as the direct current, and a unidirectional electric field can be generated in the liquid and the alternating phase with the electric field can suppress the electrode rot silver caused by the liquid electrolysis or the electrochemical reaction. In the present embodiment, since both the first electrode 1113 and the second electrode 1114 are in direct contact with the liquid 1112, DC current flows when DC is applied between the two electrodes. Therefore, it is preferable that the asymmetric alternating current does not have a substantial direct current component, i.e., the vev which integrates the voltage V(1) between the second electrode and the second electrode through one cycle of the alternating current is substantially 〇. The reason is that because of the fact that in the 162130.doc •20·201243321 step, the grounding does not flow a pure DC current between the two electrodes, so it can be moved to avoid the liquid electrolysis or electrochemical reaction. Corruption 0: The preferred example of the two-t-symmetric alternating current is the asymmetrical moment shown in Figure 2(b). The potential duration and the low-potential duration* are the same as the rectangular rectangular wave because it is used to generate the waveform. The circuit is relatively simple and can effectively generate a unidirectional electric field 1 in the liquid. In the case of the circle 2 (8), the two potentials have a short duration and a low potential duration, and the length of the high 2 bits is shortened and the length is shortened. The potential duration can be reversed by the direction of the substantially unidirectional electric field generated by the liquid ^. As the asymmetric communication, it is also possible to use the asymmetric triangular wave shown in Fig. 2(c) (rise time and fall time is the same as m mineral tooth wave). Similarly, such a triangular wave is relatively simple in that the circuit for generating a waveform can effectively generate a unidirectional electric field in the liquid. In addition, in this example, the rise time is short and the fall time is long. However, if the rise time is extended and the fall time is shortened, the direction of the substantially unidirectional electric field generated in the liquid can be reversed. FIG. 2(b) or FIG. The reason why the waveform of (c) is better is explained in detail together with the explanation of the simulation result described later. &lt;Embodiment 2&gt; An electric field generating device and an electric field generating method for generating an electric field in a liquid in a liquid according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 6 . This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film. 162130.doc -21- 201243321 Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device 1200 for generating an electric field in a liquid in the present embodiment. The container 1211 is filled with a liquid 1212. At least a portion of the second electrode 1213 and the second electrode 1214 are immersed in the liquid 1212. The second electrode 1213 and the second electrode 1214 are covered by the insulating film 1216, and an alternating current source 1215 for generating an asymmetrical alternating current is connected. Here, the container 1211 is only required to hold the liquid 丨2丨2. The liquid 1212 is preferably one having a smaller ion concentration. For example, an alcohol such as ethanol, methanol, IPA (Is〇pr〇Pyl Alcohol: isopropanol), an organic solvent such as light oil essence or acetone, or the like is preferable. In the case of using water, it is preferred to use pure water, no ion water or the like. The first electrode 1213 and the second f-pole 1214 may have sufficient conductivity. Further, the case of §H is the same as that of the first embodiment. In order to make the orientation and intensity of the electric field between the two electrodes uniform, it is preferable that the first electrode 1213 and the second electrode 1214 are disposed to face each other. Correctly control the movement of a charged object in a liquid to a one-way movement or electrophoresis. As the insulating film 1216, a tantalum oxide film, a tantalum nitride film, a resin film, or the like can be used. Further, the insulating film 1216 is formed to cover the entire electrode. For example, when the electrode is formed of a metal such as copper, gold, tungsten, aluminum or the like, or a semiconductor material to which a conductive impurity is added, 10 nm to 2 μm can be formed. The film thickness of the stone is etched on the left and right. The insulating film may be formed by a well-known prior art, for example, a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method. The asymmetric communication generated in the alternating current power source 1215 and applied to the first electrode 1213 and the second electrode 162130.doc -22·201243321 1214 can be, for example, as shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3. V of Figs. 2 and 3 is a voltage applied to the first electrode 1213 with the second electrode 1214 as a reference voltage. At this time, for example, when the asymmetric alternating current shown in FIG. 2 is applied, the direction of the electric field substantially generated in the liquid 1212 is toward the right (the direction of the arrow symbol 1217 in FIG. 6). Further, for example, the asymmetric alternating current can be used in FIG. The communication of the waveforms shown in the figure. The waveforms shown in Figures 7(a), (b), (4), and (d) are applied to the DC components Vsa, Vsb, Vsc, and Vsd in Figures 2(a), (b), (4), and (d), respectively. The waveform shown. The waveform shown in FIG. 2 is such that the average voltage is 〇 during one cycle of the alternating current, but the waveform shown in FIG. 7 is not. However, since the first electrode 1213 and the second electrode 1214 are covered by the insulating film 1216, Therefore, no direct current flows between the two electrodes. Therefore, even if it is a waveform as shown in Fig. 7, there is no particular adverse effect, and a unidirectional electric field can be substantially generated in the liquid 1212. In the present embodiment, the second electrode 1213 and the second electrode 1214 are covered by the insulating film 1216, but any one of the electrodes may be covered with the insulating film 1216. This also prevents direct current from flowing between the two electrodes. The preferred frequency and voltage of the asymmetrical current may be set in the same manner as in the embodiment. In the second embodiment, since at least one of the second electrode and the second electrode is covered by the insulating film 1216, a direct current does not flow between the two electrodes. That is, since direct electron movement occurs between the electrode and the liquid, oxygen or 162130.doc •23·201243321 does not occur. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent problems such as electrode corrosion caused by liquid electrolysis or electrochemical reaction. Further, since at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with the insulating film, there is no case where direct electrons flow from the first electrode to the second electrode to flow a current. Therefore, the power consumed during the period is only a charge and discharge depending on the capacitance of the insulating film covering the electrodes. Therefore, the power consumption can be significantly reduced and the generation of Joule heat can be significantly reduced. The case of the second embodiment is also preferably a waveform of Fig. 2 (b) or Fig. 2 (c). &lt;Simulation&gt; Hereinafter, the results of simulating the electric field generated in the liquid and the movement of the charged object in the case where such an asymmetric alternating current is applied to the two electrodes in the liquid will be described. (1) Simulation model The simulation results of the electric field generated by the application of the asymmetric alternating current to the two electrodes immersed in the liquid and the movement of the charged object will be described with reference to Figs. 8 to 26 . Fig. 8 is a view for explaining a phenomenon in which a certain DC voltage is applied to two electrodes immersed in a liquid from time τ = 0. The liquid 1212 is filled between the first electrode 1213 and the second electrode 1214. When the first electrode 1213 and the second electrode 1214 are covered by the insulating film 1216, respectively, the current does not flow between the two electrodes. A power source 1215 is connected to the first electrode 1213 and the second electrode 1214. When Τ = 0, a voltage is applied from the power source 1215 to the first electrode 1213 and 162130.doc -24 - 201243321 the second electrode 1214 ' is as shown in Fig. 8 (a), in the liquid 1212, at the arrow symbol 1217 An electric field is generated in the direction indicated. In the liquid, there are positive ions and negative ions depending on the concentration of the liquid. Therefore, after the elapse of the time T1 from the voltage application time, as shown in Fig. 8(b), on the insulating film 1216 covering the first electrode and the second electrode, charges opposite to the charges induced by the respective electrodes start to concentrate. The electric charge induced on the insulating film 1216 terminates the electric power line generated by the electric charges induced by the respective electrodes, so the intensity of the electric field in the liquid 1212 gradually becomes weak as time passes. After a sufficient time T2 has elapsed since the application of the voltage, as shown in Fig. 8(c), the electric field induced in the electric charge induced by each electrode is completely terminated by the electric charge induced on the insulating film 1216, so the electric field strength in the liquid 1212 Is 0. The time (time constant) required until the electric field in the liquid is almost enthalpy depends on the concentration of ions present in the liquid, and the smaller the ion concentration, the longer it takes. For example, it is within 10 seconds in IPA and within 1 second in pure water. It is shorter in water in which salts are dissolved. Thus, in order to allow movable ions to exist in the liquid and to concentrate on the insulating film of the electrode, it has been difficult to continuously generate a unidirectional electric field in the liquid even if a voltage is applied to the electrode immersed in the liquid. Further, when a DC voltage is applied to a bare electrode that is not covered with an insulating film, a unidirectional electric field can be continuously generated in the liquid, but if the unidirectional electric field continues, electrode corrosion occurs due to liquid electrolysis or electrochemical reaction. The problem. 162130.doc •25· 201243321 In addition, when an alternating voltage is applied between two electrodes covered with an insulating film, an alternating electric field can be generated in the liquid. When the alternating current is applied between the two electrodes, the reciprocal of the frequency is smaller than the above-described time constant, and the electric charge induced by the electrode cannot follow the change with the potential of the electrode, so that the liquid intrudes into the electric field. However, the electric field in the liquid has an average time of 〇 and cannot generate a unidirectional electric field in the liquid. An explanatory diagram of the model of the simulation is shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 1A. As shown in Fig. 9, the second electrode 1313 and the second electrode 1314 are covered by an insulating film 1316, respectively. The liquid 1312 is filled between the two electrodes 1313 and 1314 covered by the insulating film 1316. A power source 1315 capable of generating an arbitrary waveform is connected to the first electrode 1313 and the second electrode 1314. In the liquid 1312, the charged object 1318 is floated. Using such a model, consider the simulation below. A ground potential ((}&gt;11) is applied to the second electrode 1314, and a voltage V(t) is applied to the first electrode 13 13 at time 1. When the system is not charged, the charge induced on the surface of the ith electrode 1313 is applied. The amount of charge induced on the insulating film 1316 covering the first electrode 1313 is taken as qs(1)', and the amount of charge induced on the second electrode 1314 is -qe(t)'. The insulating film covering the second electrode 1314 is covered. The amount of charge induced on 1316 is -qs(t). The dielectric constant of the insulating film 13 16 is set. The dielectric constant of the liquid 1312 is set to . %. Here, % and €3 are the dielectric constants of the insulating film 1316 and the liquid 1312, respectively. It is the dielectric constant in vacuum. Further, the intensity of the electric field in the liquid is set to E(t). When the capacitance of both ends of the insulating film 1316 on the first electrode 丨3丨3 is taken as Cd1, the capacitance at both ends of the insulating film 1316 on the second electrode 1314 is taken as 162130.doc -26-201243321

Cd2' takes the capacitance of both ends of the liquid 1312 as cs, then · [·1]

Cdl = 8d80-~ (1)

Cd2=sd80-^ (2)

In the case of Cs - S (i), dd and ds are the thickness of the insulating film 1316 covering the first electrode 1313, the thickness of the insulating film 1316 covering the second electrode 1314, and the thickness of the liquid 1312. The area is set to 1. At this time, the capacitance CA of the model of the three capacitors connecting the cdl, cs, and Cd2 of the slaughter is expressed as follows: [Number 2] _J___L , 1 1

Ca - cdl +~c: (4) On the other hand, the liquid 1312 is used as a conductor, and the overall capacitance of the two capacitors of Cdi and cd2 is connected in series (^ is expressed as follows: [Number 3] _i___L_ 1

Cb ~ cdl +~c^7 (7) Here, a pointer for simulating the case where the power supply 1315 generates an arbitrary waveform will be described using FIG. First, consider splitting the waveform in a shorter time. By considering each time Δί instantaneously, the voltage change step of the voltage change and the voltage step of the step of not changing the voltage are fixed, and the step of the step is used to obtain an approximation of the arbitrary waveform. I62130.doc •27·

S 201243321 (a) Voltage change step In this voltage change step, set the voltage to change instantaneously. At this time, the ions in the liquid cannot follow the movement under the change of the voltage. That is, qs(1) and -qs(t) are unchanged. However, since the charge of the electrode is faster than the ion in the liquid, qe(1) and -qe(t) are immediately changed following the voltage change ΔV(1). At this time, the capacitance between the two electrodes is induced like Ca. As shown above, the following equation in the voltage change step is established.

Aqe(t)=CAAV(t) (6) Δqs (1)=〇 (7) Here, and Aqs(1) represent the amount of change of qe(1) and qs(t), respectively, according to the voltage change avg) at time t. (b) Voltage fixing step In the voltage fixing step, it is assumed that the voltage does not change and the elapsed time is exceeded. The case where the voltage does not change 'As shown in Fig. 8, in order to weaken the electric field in the liquid, the qs(1) changes in order to move the ions in the liquid to a near equilibrium state. The equilibrium state refers to a state in which the electric field in the liquid is 〇, and the liquid can be regarded as a conductor. Therefore, the capacitance between the two electrodes can be regarded as CB. Also, since qs(t) changes, Aqe(1) also changes. Based on the above, the change of qs(t) can be expressed by the following formula: [Number 4] qs ( t+Δί) - qs ( t)

At =-a{qs(t)-qeq(t)}n (8) where 'qeq(t) is the value of the equilibrium state of qs(1) at time t and satisfies the following relationship: 162130.doc •28· 201243321 qeq (t)=cB v(t) (9) n is an amount that defines the relationship between the rate of change of qs(1) and the deviation of the dry-balance state of q(1) {qs(t)_qeq(t)}. In the case of η=ι, the larger the deviation of the equilibrium state of the qs(1) is, the larger the rate of change of qs(t) is, and the divergence rate is proportional to the deviation of the equilibrium state (in a linear relationship). On the other hand, in the case of 0 &lt; n &lt; 1, the rate of change depends on the deviation from the equilibrium state (that is, the deviation of the equilibrium state is larger as the rate of change is larger), and the rate of change is not proportional to the deviation of the equilibrium state (non-linear relationship) To indicate the speed of _ close to qeq(t), the higher the ion concentration in the liquid, the faster the Μ(1) can change, so a becomes larger. On the other hand, the rate of change of qe(1) can be obtained from the rate of change of qs(1) as follows. First, the voltage v(1) applied between the two electrodes in time is the sum of the voltages applied to the two ends of cdl, Cs, and Cd2, and is expressed by the following equation.

[Equation 5] V(1)=seven(t)丨9e(t) +qs(t) Cdi Cs If the rate of change of both sides is calculated, it is [number 6] qe ( t) c d2 (10) V ( t+At) - V ( t) At qe ( t+At) — qe ( t)

Cdi At + ~~s . ^-(t+At) -qe (t)_+ qs (t+At)_-3::_rj^ ” Qe ( t+At ) — qe ( t )Cd2 * At ~ ~ (11) On the other hand, in the voltage fixing step, due to 162130.doc •29- 201243321 [7] t) At

V =0 (12), so according to equations (11) and (12), it is: [8] ΐ£ΐίίΔ〇_--^ (t) Δt (13) ; get the change rate of qe(1) and qs(1) The intensity E(1) of the electric field in the liquid of the relationship is expressed as: [9] +qs (t) ε5ε〇(14) (c) The movement of the charged object by the liquid right The right amount of charge of the object is taken as qcb The viscosity coefficient is taken as C', the velocity of the object is taken as v(t), the mass of the object is taken as m, and the acceleration of the object is taken as a(t), then the force F(t) of the charged object in the liquid is : F(t)=q〇bE(t)-cv(t)=ma(t) (15) By solving the equation of motion, the motion of the object in the liquid can be described. Another 'If you think about the spherical object of radius r in the liquid of viscosity η', then when the Reynolds number is small, according to Stoke's theorem, the viscous resistivity e is expressed as 6 πηΓ 2(2) below the simulation result, Several AC waveforms are used as examples to illustrate the results of the simulation. 162130.doc • 30 - 201243321 The constants used in this simulation are as follows. The mass of the object is 匕... one (four), the radius of the object (4) is “(4), the substantial charge of the object q〇b is 3.72xl〇-14[C], the viscosity of the liquid is 8xl04[ps], the insulation on the electrode The relative dielectric constant of the film is 4, the thickness ddl of the insulating film on the electrode and the core is 4xl 〇 -8 [m] 'the relative dielectric constant of the liquid is 20, and the thickness ds of the liquid is lxl 〇.2 [m ], the constant 3 is 1 〇. Further, in the case where there is no particular irrationality, the constant η is 0.8, and the relationship between the rate of change of qs(1) and the deviation of the equilibrium i state of qs(t) %(1)_qeq(t)} is non-linear. [Results of the first embodiment] In the first embodiment, as shown in Fig. 11, an asymmetric rectangular wave having an amplitude of 200 V and a frequency of 5 HZ (a rectangular wave having a high potential duration and a low potential duration) is used. It is applied between the i-th electrode 1313 and the second electrode 1314. v(1) is the potential of the first electrode using the second electrode 1314 as a reference. The time is assumed. No voltage is applied before. qs(1) and qe(t) are respectively shown in the figure. 12 and FIG. 13 change periodically, except for the vicinity of the time when the voltage is applied, and periodically change. The intensity of the electric field in the liquid E(t) As shown in Fig. 14, the periodic change is made except for the vicinity of the time when the application of the voltage is started. Here, in Fig. 15, the average electric field E av and the constant indicating the nonlinearity are shown when the sufficient time has elapsed since the voltage application is applied. The relationship between η. The average electric field Eav is obtained by averaging the electric field E(1) through the m period of the alternating current when the voltage is applied. The average electric field Eav is not G. 162130.doc 71 201243321 indicates that there is substantially one-way in the liquid. Electric field. Constant representing non-linearity „ is! Time (non-linearity does not exist), 〇, there is purely an alternating electric field in the liquid. On the other hand, as η becomes smaller than 丨, that is, as the nonlinearity becomes stronger, L becomes larger, and the substantially unidirectional electric field in the liquid becomes stronger. This implies that the work is essentially a one-way electric field in the liquid of the essence of the invention, and has a deviation between the rate of change of 1(1) and the equilibrium state of qs(1) {qs(1)d: non-linear f·sheng, so-called Eav is positive, indicating The substantially unidirectional electric field is facing downwards. In Fig. 16, the time change of the position χ(1) (up and down direction of Fig. 7) of the charged object placed in the liquid is shown. When the object moves in the opposite direction (upward direction in Fig. 10) at time 0, the vibration moves in the positive direction (the direction below Fig. 10). This is because the time average Eav of the electric field is positive. From this, it can be seen that the charged object is unidirectionally moved by applying an asymmetric alternating current between the two electrodes. As described above, even in the case where the electrode is covered by the insulating film and no current flows in the liquid, by applying an asymmetric alternating current between the electrodes, a substantial electric field can be generated in one direction in the liquid, and Move the object. According to the asymmetric rectangular wave, the case where the object in the liquid moves in one direction is also confirmed in the experiment, and its direction is consistent with the direction of the simulation prediction. [Results of the second embodiment] In the second embodiment, as shown by the circle η, an asymmetric rectangular wave having a frequency of 2 〇〇v and a frequency of 5 Hz (a rectangular wave having a south potential duration and a low potential duration) ) is applied between the first electrode 1313 and the second electrode 1314 . The difference from the first embodiment is that the V(t) of Fig. 17 is averaged as 〇 in one cycle, and a DC bias is applied to the waveform shown in Fig. 11. In Fig. 18, the time variation of the position x(t) of the charged object placed in the liquid is shown. Although the behavior after the voltage application is different from that of the first embodiment (Fig. 6), the object moves while moving in the positive direction while vibrating. Moreover, the speed of moving toward the square is exactly the same as in the case of the first example. This shows that in the case where the electrode is covered by the insulating film, even if the DC component is added with respect to the asymmetric alternating current, the electric field generated inside the liquid or the movement of the charged object floating inside the liquid is not affected. It was also confirmed in the experiment. [Results of the third embodiment] The third embodiment is a symmetrical alternating current, and is an embodiment shown in comparison with the first and second embodiments. In the third embodiment, as shown in Fig. 19, a symmetrical rectangular wave having a frequency of 5 振幅 at an amplitude of 2 〇〇 ν is applied between the first electrode 1313 and the second electrode 1314. In Fig. 20, 'the time change of the position of the charged object placed in the liquid is shown. In the symmetrical communication, it is impossible to substantially vibrate the object, but it does not move in one direction. That is, it is impossible to generate a one-way substantial electric field in the liquid to move the object. [Results of the fourth embodiment] The fourth embodiment, as shown in Fig. 21, is an asymmetrical triangular wave having a frequency of 5 Hz at an amplitude of (10) v (a triangular wave or sawtooth having a different rise time and fall time 162130.doc • 33 · 201243321 ). In this case, the voltage changes abruptly during the boosting process, and the voltage changes slowly during the step-down process. At this time, 'qs(1) and qe(1) are changed as shown in Fig. 22 and Fig. 23, respectively, and periodically change except for the vicinity of time 0 at which the start voltage is applied. The intensity E(t) of the electric field in the liquid, as shown in Fig. 24, periodically changes except for the vicinity of the time 0 at which the start voltage is applied. Here, the relationship between the average electric field Eav when the sufficient time has elapsed from the application of the voltage and the constant n indicating the non-linearity is shown in Fig. 25. When the constant η indicating the non-linearity is 丨 (non-linearity does not exist), there is purely an alternating electric field in the 〇 'liquid. On the other hand, as η becomes smaller than 1, that is, as the nonlinearity becomes stronger, Eav becomes larger, and the substantial one-way electric field in the liquid becomes stronger. This point is the same as in the case of the column (Fig. 15) but the shape of the curve of the graph is different. In Fig. 26, the time variation of the position x(t) of the charged object placed in the liquid is shown. The object moves in the positive direction while vibrating. This is because the time average Eav of the intensity E(t) is positive. In addition, the waveform of FIG. 21 is deformed, and a situation in which the voltage is slowly changed during the step-up process and the voltage is drastically changed during the step-down process is applied, and the direction of motion of the object is predicted to be the opposite direction according to the simulation, and in practice It was also confirmed in the experiment. If the above is summarized, according to the simulation results, the following can be predicted 162130.doc • 34, 201243321 Shape: (1) If asymmetric AC is applied to two electrodes, the substance can be substantially produced in the liquid. To the electric field, but not in the symmetrical communication. (2) If an asymmetric alternating current is applied to two electrodes, the charged object in the liquid can be moved in one direction, but not in a symmetrical alternating current. (3) These effects are not proportional to the magnitude of the deviation between the charge sensing speed on the insulating film on the electrode and the self-balancing state. Based on the simulation model and the simulation results, the reason why the asymmetric exchange generates a unidirectional electric field in the liquid substantially can be explained as follows. The so-called asymmetric communication, as defined, is such that even if the voltage axis of one of the voltage rise and reverse steps of the AC is reversed, the $ will not overlap. If such an asymmetric alternating current is applied to the electrodes, the deviations Us(1)-qeq(t)} of the equilibrium state of ~(1) are the same in the boosting process and the falling process. In the model of the simulation, the non-linearity is introduced between the rate of change of 1(1) and {qs(1)-qeq(t)}. Therefore, even if the rate of change of q$(1) is compared with E(t) obtained by combining equations (13) and (14), the average is still 〇, and the liquid order is substantially To the electric field. Further, based on the above, it is known that the preferred asymmetric AC is an alternating current in which the electric dust changes drastically during the step-up or step-down process. This is because {qs(1)_qeq(1)} becomes larger at the moment when the electromigration changes drastically, so the non-linearity between the rate of change of qs(t) and {qs(1)-qeq(t)} becomes larger. According to this point, it is preferably an asymmetrical rectangular wave or a triangular wave as shown in Fig. 2(b) or Fig. 2(c), and the effect is large in the experiment. 162130.doc •35· 201243321 In addition, even if there is no insulating film on the electrode, by applying asymmetric alternating current between the two electrodes, a unidirectional electric field can be generated substantially in the liquid, and the charged object can be made One-way movement. However, in this case, in order to suppress corrosion of the electrode, it is preferable that the asymmetric alternating current does not have a substantial direct current component. That is, the Veff obtained by integrating the voltage V(t) between the second electrode and the second electrode through one cycle of the alternating current is preferably:

Veff= /V(t)dt=0 (16) By thus making the integral value 〇, since pure DC current does not flow between the two electrodes, liquid electrolysis hardly occurs and electrochemical reaction does not occur. . Therefore, electrode corrosion can be suppressed. However, the time when qs(t) reaches equilibrium (the time constant proportional to the reciprocal of a) is shorter than the reciprocal of the frequency of asymmetric AC. Since the electric field cannot penetrate into the liquid, it does not produce one-way electric field. Further, in order to change qs(1), it is necessary to move the ions dispersed in the liquid in the liquid and concentrate them on the electrodes. Therefore, the higher the ion concentration of the liquid, the shorter the time constant becomes. Therefore, in the case where the concentration of ions in the liquid is high, in order to invade the liquid in the liquid and generate a unidirectional electric field, it is necessary to change the potential of the electrode more rapidly, so it is necessary to increase the frequency of the asymmetric alternating current. On the other hand, in the case where the concentration of ions in the liquid is low, since the above time constant can easily make the qs(1) self-balancing state greatly distant (i.e., increase {qs(t)-qeq(t)}), it is easy to A unidirectional electric field is generated. For the above reasons, the lower the ion concentration in the liquid, the more effective it is to generate a unidirectional electric field in the liquid. It is preferable because the frequency of the asymmetric alternating current is lowered. &lt;Embodiment 3&gt; A floating body moving device and a floating body moving method for moving an object floating in a liquid according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 27 . Fig. 27 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the apparatus 2100 for moving a floating body which moves an object floating in a liquid in the embodiment. The container 2111 is filled with a liquid 2112. At least a portion of the first electrode 2113 and the second electrode 2114 are immersed in the liquid 2112. The first electrode 2113 and the second electrode 2 114 are connected to an alternating current power source 2丨丨5 that generates an asymmetrical alternating current. Here, the container 2111 is the same as the first embodiment, and any liquid 2112 can be held. The liquid 2112 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and preferably has a small ion concentration. Similarly, the asymmetric communication applied to the first electrode 2113 and the second electrode 2114 may be the same as that shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3. For example, when the second electrode 2114 is applied as the reference voltage to the asymmetric alternating current shown in Fig. 2, the direction of the electric field substantially generated in the liquid 2112 is directed to the right (the direction of the arrow symbol 2117 in Fig. 27). Therefore, the case where the object 2118 floating in the liquid is negatively charged moves to the left (the direction of the arrow symbol 2119 of Fig. 27) as shown in Fig. 27. The object moves "in the opposite direction (to the right) in the case of "positive charging." The preferred frequency and voltage of the asymmetric alternating current may be set in the same manner as in the embodiment. 'The object 2118 floating in the liquid is substantially charged. 162130.doc £ -37· 201243321 The term “substantially charged” means that the charge generated in the object can be induced as the charge induced by the interface between the object 2118 and the liquid 2112 and the liquid in the vicinity of the object by using the charge. The sum of the charges moving together with the solid. In other words, it can be said that the potential in the liquid is not 〇. In the case of an object that is substantially uncharged, a nonionic surfactant can be used to change the boundary potential of the object. Specific examples are, for example, dielectric fine particles having a size of 1 mm or less from a nanometer scale, semiconductor fine particles 'metal fine particles, fine semiconductor elements, cells, DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.. Thus, by asymmetric communication Applied to the first electrode 2113 and the second electrode 2114, an electric field is generated substantially in one direction in the liquid 1112 and the liquid 2112 can be floated The movement of the object 2118 is one-way. The principle of movement is the same as the above simulation. In the liquid 1112, the step of substantially generating the electric field in one direction mainly comprises the following steps: (1) injecting the liquid 2112 floating from the object 2118 into the container 2111 (2) arranging the first electrode 2113 and the second electrode 2114 so as to be immersed in the liquid 2112 at least partially at a predetermined interval; (3) applying an asymmetric alternating current to the first step a step of moving the object 2118 floating in the liquid 2112 from the second electrode 2113 to the second electrode 2114 or moving the object from the second electrode 2114 to the first electrode 2113 between the second electrode 2113 and the second electrode MM By using the method or apparatus as described above, an asymmetric alternating current is applied 162130.doc -38 201243321 between the two electrodes 2113, 2114, so that the floating object 2 11 8 in the liquid 2112 can be moved in one direction. 'Because the object in the liquid floats in one direction, a substantially unidirectional electric field is applied by asymmetric alternating current, so that electrode corrosion caused by liquid electrolysis or electrochemical reaction can be suppressed. In the state, either the first electrode 2113 and the second electrode 2114 are in direct contact with the liquid 2112. Therefore, if a direct current is applied between the two electrodes, a direct current flows. Therefore, in order to avoid rot, as in the first embodiment. The last name 'preferably' is that the asymmetric alternating current does not have a substantial DC component, and even if the voltage v(1) between the first electrode and the second electrode is integrated by one cycle of the alternating current, the Veff is substantially 〇. For the same reason as in the first embodiment, in order to efficiently move the object floating in the liquid in one direction, the waveform of FIG. 2(b) or FIG. 2(c) is preferably used as the asymmetric communication. &lt;Embodiment 4&gt; A floating body moving device and a floating body moving method for moving an object floating in a liquid according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, unlike the third embodiment, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film. Fig. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a device 2200 for moving a floating body in which an object floating in a liquid in the embodiment moves. The container 2211 is filled with a liquid 2212. At least a portion of the first electrode 2213 and the second electrode 2214 are immersed in the liquid 2212. The first electrode 2213 and the second electrode 2214 are covered by the insulating film 2216, and are connected to an alternating current source 162130.doc • 39·201243321. Here, the container 2211 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and may be any one that can hold the liquid 2212. The liquid 22 is preferably a smaller ion concentration. Similarly to the second embodiment, the insulating film 2216 can be applied to the asymmetric alternating current of the first electrode 2213 and the second electrode 2214 by using a ruthenium oxide film, a tantalum nitride film, or a resin film, etc., as well as using FIG. 2 or FIG. The one shown can be. For example, when the second electrode 2214 is applied as the reference voltage to the asymmetric alternating current shown in Fig. 2, the direction of the electric field generated in the liquid 2212 is directed to the right (the direction of the arrow symbol 2217 in Fig. 28). Therefore, the floating object 2218 in the liquid is negatively charged, as shown in Fig. 28, moving to the left (the direction of the arrow symbol 2219 in Fig. 28). The object 2218 is positively charged and moves in the opposite direction (to the right). Further, the asymmetrical alternating current is the same as that of the second embodiment, and the alternating current of the waveform shown in Fig. 7 can also be used. Since the i-th electrode 2213 and the second electrode 2214 are covered by the insulating film 22 16 and since no direct current flows between the two electrodes, even if it is a waveform as shown in FIG. 7, there is no particular adverse effect. The object 2218 floating in the liquid 22丨2 can be moved in one direction. Further, in the present embodiment, any one of the electrodes may be covered with the insulating film 2216. The preferred frequency and voltage of the asymmetric communication may be set in the same manner as the embodiment. Further, the object 2218 floating in the liquid may be charged substantially. The specific example of the object can be the same as that shown in the third embodiment. In this manner, even when at least one of the electrodes is covered with the insulating film, 162130.doc •40·201243321 is substantially applied to the liquid 2212 by applying an asymmetric alternating current to the first electrode 2213 and the second electrode 2214. The unidirectional generation of an electric field causes the floating object 2218 in the liquid 2212 to move in one direction. In the fourth embodiment, since at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with the insulating film, a direct current does not flow between the two electrodes, so that electrode corrosion due to liquid electrolysis or electrochemical reaction can be reliably prevented. The problem. Further, since at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with the insulating film, electrons do not directly flow from the second electrode to the second electrode to flow an electric current. Therefore, the power consumed in the circuit is only a charge and discharge depending on the capacitance of the insulating film covering the electrodes. Therefore, power consumption can be significantly reduced, and the generation of Joule heat can be significantly reduced. The case of the fourth embodiment is also preferably FIG. 2(b) or FIG. 2 (a uniform waveform). &lt;Embodiment 5&gt; A floating body moving device and a floating body moving method for moving an object floating in a liquid according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the fourth embodiment, the object in which the first electrode and the second electrode are formed on the opposite substrates, the liquid floating in the liquid moves in one direction between the two electrodes. Fig. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a device 2300 for moving a floating body in which an object floating in a liquid in the embodiment moves. The first substrate 2321 is opposed to the second substrate 2322, and is filled with the liquid 2312 therebetween. The first electrode 2313 is formed on the surface of the first substrate 2321 on the side in contact with the liquid 2312. On the side of the second substrate 2322 that is in contact with the liquid 2312, a second electrode 23 14 is formed. 162130.doc • 41 - 201243321 An insulating film 2316 is formed on the surface of the first electrode 2313 and the second electrode 2314, and direct current is prevented from flowing between the first electrode 2313 and the second electrode 2314. Further, in the first electrode 2313 and the second electrode 2314, an alternating current power supply 2315 that generates an asymmetrical alternating current is connected to the side not covered by the insulating film 2 3 16 . Here, as the first substrate 2 3 21 and the second substrate 2 3 2 2, an insulator such as glass, resin, or ceramic can be used. The liquid 23 12 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and preferably has a small ion concentration. The asymmetrical alternating current applied to the first electrode 23 13 and the second electrode 23 14 is also the same as that shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3. For example, when the asymmetric current shown in Fig. 2 is applied with the second electrode 23 14 as the reference voltage, the direction of the electric field substantially generated in the liquid 23 12 is downward (the direction of the arrow symbol 2317 in Fig. 29). Therefore, the case where the object 23 18 floating in the liquid is negatively charged, as shown in Fig. 29, moves upward (the direction of the arrow symbol 2319 of Fig. 29). When the object 2318 is positively charged, it moves in the opposite direction (downward). In Fig. 29, the first electrode 2313 is disposed above the second electrode 2314 in the vertical direction. In this case as well, even if the direction of the electric field is directed downward in the direction of Fig. 29, the object moves in the direction opposite to the opposite direction of gravity. The arrangement of the electrodes of the opposite pair is not limited to those shown in FIG. 29. For example, the first electrode and the second electrode are not electrodes of each block, and may be divided into a plurality of electrodes and separated by a gap. And configuration. Or 2 electrodes can be meshed. In this case, by combining with a transparent substrate, objects floating in the liquid can be observed from the outside. 162130.doc 42·201243321 Further, the asymmetric communication is the same as that of the above-described second embodiment, and the waveform shown in Fig. 7 can also be used. Even if it is a waveform as shown in Fig. 7, there is no particular adverse effect, and the object 2 floating in the liquid 2312 can be moved in one direction. As long as either electrode is covered by the insulating film 2316, in this case, direct current can be prevented from flowing between the two electrodes. The preferred frequency and voltage of the asymmetric communication may be set in the same manner as in the embodiment i. Further, the object 2318 floating in the liquid may be charged substantially. Specific examples of the object may be the same as those of the embodiment. Further, as in the present embodiment, the two electrodes are formed on the two opposing substrates, and the liquid floating between the two substrates is filled with the object, and the movement of the object can be utilized as follows. A plurality of objects 2318 float in the liquid 2312, and gravity acts on the downward direction of the drawing. That is, the second substrate 2322 is disposed downward. In this case, if a unidirectional electric field is applied to the two electrodes 2313 and 2314, the asymmetry is upward. AC, because of the additional gravity, the object 2318 can be quickly moved to the UK side of the second substrate. That is, the object 2318 can be quickly precipitated. Also, if the two electrodes 2313, 2314 are applied with a unidirectional electric field facing downward The asymmetric communication as shown in Fig. 29 causes the object 23 18 to move upward, thereby preventing the object 2318 from sinking due to gravity. Using the method or apparatus as described above, by applying an asymmetric alternating current to the two electrodes 2313 Between 23 and 14 , the object 2318 floating in the liquid 23 12 can be moved in one direction. Since at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film, 162130.doc -43-201243321 Since a direct current is generated, it is possible to surely prevent problems such as corrosion of the electrode due to liquid electrolysis or electrochemical reaction. Further, since at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film, the electron does not come from the first 1 electrode directly The current flows in the second electrode. Therefore, the power consumed in the circuit is only charged and discharged depending on the capacitance of the insulating film covering the electrode. Therefore, the power consumption can be remarkably reduced, and the generation of Joule heat can be remarkably reduced. The case of the fifth embodiment is also preferably the waveform of Fig. 2 (b) or Fig. 2 (c). &lt;Embodiment 6&gt; An electrophoresis apparatus and an electrophoresis method according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 30. Fig. 30 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the electrophoresis apparatus 3 of the embodiment. The first electrode 3113 and the second electrode 3114 are provided on both sides of the container 3123. An AC power supply 3115 is formed on the first electrode 3113 and the second electrode 3114 to which an asymmetric alternating current is generated. The first electrode 3113 and the second electrode 3114 are formed with an insulating film 3116 on the surface. When performing electrophoresis, the container 3123 is filled with a specific liquid, and an agarose gel 3124 having a well 3125 formed therein is disposed in the container 3123. Well 3125 is used to inject the sample into the hole. Next, a sample of DNA or the like is injected into the well 3 125, and an asymmetric alternating current is applied to the first electrode 3113 and the second electrode 3114. Thereby, electrophoresis for moving the sample in a specific direction can be performed. As the above-mentioned liquid, in the prior electrophoresis, since a direct current flows between the two electrodes, a person having conductivity is used. However, in the embodiment 162130.doc •44·201243321, since the ion concentration of the liquid is small, it is easy to generate a unidirectional electric field in the liquid to cause the sample to move. Therefore, it is preferable to use pure water to have a small plasma concentration and not to cause The sample is modified. The asymmetric alternating current applied to the first electrode 3 113 and the second electrode 3 114 is used, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, for example, applying the second electrode 3114 as a reference voltage to apply the asymmetry shown in FIG. When communicating, the direction of the electric field substantially generated in the liquid is toward the right (the direction of the arrow symbol 3117 in Fig. 3). Therefore, the sample in the liquid is negatively charged, as shown in Fig. 3A, moving to the left (the direction of the arrow symbol 3119 in Fig. 30). Since the distance traveled by the sample in the agarose gel 3124 varies depending on the molecular weight of the sample, the molecules contained in the sample can be separated to visualize the molecular weight of the sample. Further, the asymmetric parent flow is the same as that of the second embodiment, and the communication of the waveform shown in Fig. 7 can also be used. Even if it is a waveform as shown in Fig. 7, there is no particular adverse effect, and electrophoresis can still be performed. That is, as long as either electrode is covered by the insulating film 3116, direct current can be prevented from flowing between the two electrodes. The preferred frequency and voltage of the asymmetric communication may be set in the same manner as in the embodiment i. Thus, by applying an asymmetric alternating current to the second electrode 3113 and the second electrode 3U4, an electric field is generated substantially in one direction in the liquid, so that the sample in the liquid can be moved early. The step of performing electrophoresis mainly comprises the following steps: (Step of preparing a swimming tank having at least a portion of the third electrode 3113 and the second electrode 3114 immersed in the liquid and the sample to be measured; 162130.doc -45· 201243321 (2) A step of applying an asymmetric alternating current between the second electrode 3113 and the second electrode 3ι4 to cause the sample to move. Using the method or apparatus as described above, by applying an asymmetric alternating current to the two electrodes 3113 In the 3114, electrophoresis can be performed. Moreover, due to the application of a substantially unidirectional electric field generated by asymmetric alternating current, when electrophoresis is performed, bubbles do not occur due to liquid electrolysis, electrochemical reactions are not caused, and electrodes are not Corrosion can contaminate the liquid, and problems such as Joule heat can be avoided. Therefore, the difference in size of the molecules can be detected more accurately. The case of the sixth embodiment is also preferably FIG. 2(b) or FIG. 2(c). ) The waveform. &lt;Embodiment 7&gt; An electrophoretic display device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 31. Fig. 31 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrophoretic display device 4100 of the present embodiment. The first substrate 4131 and the second substrate 4132 are arranged to face each other. A first electrode (opposing electrode) 4113 is formed on the first substrate 4131, and a second electrode (pixel electrode) 4114 is formed on each of the second substrate 4132. An electrophoretic element 4134 is disposed between the first electrode 4113 and the second electrode 4114. The electrophoresis element 4134 is composed of a circular capsule 4135, a dispersion medium 4136, white electrophoretic particles 4137, and black electrophoretic particles 4138. The first electrode 4113 and the second electrode 4114 are connected to a power source 4115 that generates an asymmetrical AC via a selection transistor 4139. An adhesive layer 4133 is provided between the second electrode 4114 and the electrophoretic element 4134. Further, the second electrode 411 4 is separated for each pixel, and the selective transistor 4139 is connected. 162I30.doc -46- 201243321 The first substrate 413 1 side of the electrophoretic display device 41 00 is a display surface. As the first substrate 4131, a transparent substrate such as glass or a transparent film may be used. The second substrate 4132 does not have to be transparent, and a glass, a resin flag, or a metal plate having an insulating film formed on its surface can be used. The first electrode 4113 can use a transparent electrode such as ruthenium or the like, and can be shared by all the pixels. As the second electrode 4114, a metal electrode such as Al, Cu, or Au can be used. The circular capsule 4135 constituting the electrophoresis element 4134 is made of, for example, a transparent resin having a diameter of 20 to 100 μm. The dispersion medium 4136 preferably has a smaller ion concentration because the ion concentration is smaller and it is easier to generate a unidirectional electric field in the dispersion medium to cause the electrophoretic particles to move. For example, an alcohol such as ethanol, methanol or the like, an organic solvent such as light oil essence or propylene or the like is preferable. In the case of using water, it is preferred to use pure water, ion-free water or the like. As the two types of electrophoretic particles 4137 and 4138, a black pigment such as soot or a white pigment such as titanium dioxide can be used. However, since it is necessary for the two types of electrophoretic particles to move in opposite directions with respect to the substantially unidirectional electric field generated by the dispersion medium, it is necessary for the two types of electrophoretic particles to be substantially electrically charged to each other in opposite polarities. The operation of the electrophoretic display device 4100 first selects a pixel which should be displayed as white (or black) by using a selective transistor, and secondly applies an asymmetric alternating current to the second electrode 411 of the selected pixel towel between the i-th electrodes 4(1). . Thereby, among the selected pixels, the white (black) electrophoretic particles 4 release 138), for example, move to the upper side, and the black (white) electrophoretic particles 4138 (4137) move to the lower side, and display white (black opposite, In the case of reverse display, select transistor selection 162130.doc •47- 201243321 The display is black (or white) pixels, and will make the electrophoretic particles 4137, 4138 move asymmetrically in the opposite direction. Between the second electrode 4114 and the fourth electrode 4113 in the selected pixel, the pixel can be displayed on the electrophoretic display device 41 by the above operation. Further, the asymmetric alternating current is the same as that of the second embodiment. Use the AC of the waveform shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3, or the waveform of the waveform shown in Figure 7. The preferred frequency of asymmetric communication varies with the type of dispersion medium 4136, and is generally a dispersion of low ion concentration. In the case of f, the frequency is lowered, for example, the dispersion medium having a high ion concentration increases the frequency. For example, the use of pure water as the dispersion &quot;quality 4136 may be as long as 5 〇〇 Hz to 5 MHz. However, due to dispersion In the case where the concentration is high and the concentration is high, it is necessary to appropriately increase the frequency. Thus, by applying an asymmetric alternating current between the second electrode 4113 and the second electrode 4114, it is substantially single in the dispersion medium. The generation of an electric field causes the electrophoretic particles in the dispersion medium to move in one direction, and can be driven as an electrophoretic display device. Previous electrophoretic display devices applied a direct current between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. In the inner side of the capsule, no electric charge is generated to offset the internal electric field, so the electric field will invade the inside of the capsule. Therefore, the electrophoretic particles can be moved for a short distance (about the diameter of the capsule). The particles are adsorbed on the inner wall of the capsule by electrostatic force, so the image can be saved after the application of the stop voltage. However, in the previous device, the driving force with respect to the electrophoretic particles is rapidly attenuated along with the time, and must be before the decay. Complete the movement, so there are capsules 162130.doc • 48 · 201243321 diameter, type of dispersion medium and electrophoresis particles The problem of the type of the sub-type, etc. Further, there is a problem that a higher voltage is required in comparison with the driving force of the larger electrophoretic particle. On the other hand, the electrophoretic display device of the present embodiment is asymmetric The father/melon is applied between the pixel electrode (second electrode) and the common electrode (first electrode), so that the electrophoretic particles can be continuously moved in one direction. Therefore, for example, when the display is performed in two colors of black and white, it is not necessary to increase the application. At the voltage of the electrode, by applying asymmetrical alternating current to the electrodes for a sufficient time corresponding to the capsule, dispersion medium and electrophoretic particles used, the black and white conversion of the pixel can be performed more surely. Since the time of the electrophoretic particles is increased, the degree of freedom in design is increased in terms of the size of the pixels, the type of the dispersion medium, and the type of the electrophoretic particles. In the case of the seventh embodiment, the waveform of Fig. 2 (b) or Fig. 2 (c) is preferably used as the asymmetric communication. &lt;Embodiment 8&gt; An electroosmotic flow pump according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention and an operation method thereof will be described with reference to Fig. 32. Fig. 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electroosmotic flow pump 51 of the present embodiment. The inside of the tube 5141 is a flow path and is filled with the liquid 5ii2 to be conveyed. The first electrode 5113 and the second electrode 5114 having a plurality of holes are disposed apart from the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the tube 5141. An AC power source 5115 that generates an asymmetric AC is connected to the first electrode 5113 and the second electrode 5114. The tube 5141 can be made of resin, glass, or the like. Since the liquid ion concentration is small, it is easier to generate a unidirectional electric current in the liquid, so that the liquid 5112 is preferably a liquid having a smaller ion concentration. For example, an alcohol such as ethanol, methanol or IPA, an organic solvent such as light oil essence or acetone, or the like is preferable. In the case of using water, it is preferable to use a pure water, a non-ionized water or the like to transport a liquid having a high ion concentration, and the electroosmotic flow pump can be indirectly conveyed as a power. In the first electrode 5113 and the second electrode 5114, a hole having a size of about 0.1 mm to 1 mm is provided so that the liquid can pass therethrough. The asymmetric alternating current applied to the first electrode 5113 and the second electrode 5114 is the same as that of the above embodiment, and any one as shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 may be used. For example, when the second electrode 5 114 is used as the reference voltage to apply the asymmetric alternating current shown in Fig. 2, the direction of the electric field substantially generated in the liquid 5112 is directed to the right (the direction of the arrow symbol 5117 in Fig. 32). At this time, in the case where the inner wall of the tube member 514 is negatively charged, as shown in Fig. 32, a positive charge is induced in the liquid 5112 near the inner wall of the tube member 5141. The liquid 5112 is not fixed to the tube n at the interface t which is closer to the inner wall and the flowing liquid, i.e., the sliding surface 5142 is further away from the inner wall. The inner wall is free to move. Further, since the electric field of the unidirectional direction (the direction of the arrow symbol 5117) is substantially present in the liquid 5112, the liquid molecules charged in the positive charge are carried to the second electrode and the liquid 5112 is transported to the right. The preferred frequency and voltage of the asymmetric alternating current may be set in the same manner as in the embodiment 》. Thus, the asymmetric alternating current is applied to the second electrode 5113 and the second electrode 162130.doc • 50. 201243321 5114 'is available in liquid A substantially unidirectional electric field is generated within 5112. Further, between the i-th electrode and the second electrode disposed in the upstream and downstream portions of the flow path, as shown in FIG. 3, the liquid 5112 in the flow path can be filled by applying asymmetric communication. The upstream portion in the flow path is transported to the downstream portion. Further, since the asymmetric alternating current generated by the substantially unidirectional electric field is applied, even if the liquid is unidirectionally transported, bubbles are not generated by the liquid electrolysis, and the electrochemical reaction is not caused, thereby preventing electrode corrosion. Therefore, since the mechanism for removing the air bubbles is not required, the structure of the electroosmotic flow pump can be simplified, and the reliability of the electroosmotic flow pump can be improved. In the present embodiment, since both the first electrode 5113 and the second electrode 5114 are in direct contact with the liquid 5 11 2, DC current flows when DC is applied between the two electrodes. Therefore, it is preferable that the asymmetric alternating current does not have substantial DC damage, that is, the voltage v(1) between the first electrode and the second electrode is integrated by one cycle of alternating current, and Veff is substantially 〇. Therefore, since a pure direct current does not flow between the two electrodes, bubbles are not generated by liquid electrolysis, and an electrochemical reaction is not caused, so that electrode corrosion can be more reliably prevented. In the case of the eighth embodiment, in order to efficiently transport the liquid, the asymmetric alternating current is preferably the waveform of Fig. 2 (b) or Fig. 2 (c). &lt;Embodiment 9&gt; An electroosmotic flow pump according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention and an operation method thereof will be described with reference to Fig. 33. In the present embodiment, unlike the eighth embodiment, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode 162130.doc, 201243321 is covered with an insulating film. Figure 33 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electroosmotic flow 52 of the present embodiment. The inside of the pipe member 5241 is a flow path and is filled with the liquid mu to be conveyed. The upstream portion and the downstream portion of the tube member 5241 are provided with a first electrode 5213 and a second electrode 5214 having a plurality of holes interposed therebetween. The first electrode 5213 and the second electrode 5214 are covered by an insulating film 5216, and an AC power source 52丨5 that generates an asymmetric alternating current is connected. The tube member 5241 is the same as that of the eighth embodiment, and a resin, glass, or the like is used, and the liquid 5212 to be transported is preferably one having a smaller ion concentration. The asymmetrical alternating current applied to the second electrode 52丨3 and the second electrode 5214 is the same as that of the above embodiment, and any one as shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 may be used. For example, when the asymmetrical current shown in Fig. 2 is applied as the reference voltage of the second electrode 5214, the direction of the electric field substantially generated in the liquid 5212 is directed to the right (the direction of the arrow symbol 5217 in Fig. 33). At this time, in the case where the inner wall of the tube 5241 is negatively charged, the liquid 5212 near the inner wall of the tube 5241 induces a positive charge. In the region of the slip surface that is further away from the inner wall, the liquid 5212 is not fixed to the inner wall of the tube 5241 and is free to move. Further, since the liquid 5212 has an electric field substantially unidirectional (the direction of the arrow symbol 52i7), the liquid 5212 is transported to the right. The above operation is the same as that of the eighth embodiment. Further, the asymmetric communication may be the same as in the above embodiment, and the one shown in Fig. 7 is used. Since the first electrode 5213 and the second electrode 5214 are covered by the insulating film 5216, a direct current does not flow between the two electrodes. Therefore, even if the waveform shown in Fig. 7 of 162130.doc • 52- 201243321 is not particularly adverse, the liquid 5212 can be transported in one direction. Further, σ and /j. 8 are either covered by the insulating film 5216 to prevent the direct current from flowing between the two electrodes. The preferred frequency and voltage of the asymmetric turbulence may be set in the same manner as in the embodiment i. Thus, by applying an asymmetric alternating current to the first electrode 5213 and the second electrode 5214, an electric field can be generated substantially in one direction in the liquid 5212. Further, by applying the asymmetric alternating current between the two electrodes 5213 and 5214 by the method or apparatus as described above, the liquid 5212 can be transported in one direction. Further, since the asymmetric alternating current generated by the substantially unidirectional electric field is applied, even if the liquid is transported unidirectionally, bubbles are not generated by the liquid electrolysis, and the electrochemical reaction is not caused, and the electrode corrosion can be prevented. Therefore, since the mechanism for removing bubbles is not required, the structure of the electroosmotic flow pump can be simplified. Further, the reliability of the electroosmotic flow pump can be improved. Further, by covering at least one of the second electrode and the second electrode with an insulating film, since no direct current flows between the two electrodes, electrode corrosion can be more reliably prevented. Further, since at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with the insulating film, electrons do not directly flow from the first electrode to the second electrode, and a current flows. Therefore, the power consumed in the circuit is only a charge and discharge depending on the capacitance of the insulating film covering the electrodes. Therefore, the power consumption can be remarkably reduced, and the generation of Joule heat can be remarkably reduced. In the case of the ninth embodiment, in order to efficiently transport the liquid, the asymmetric alternating current is preferably the waveform of Fig. 2 (b) or Fig. 2 (c). &lt;Embodiment 10&gt; 162130.doc -53·201243321 Another embodiment of the electroosmotic flow pump according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 34. In the present embodiment, unlike the ninth embodiment, an electroosmotic material made of a porous material is provided in a flow path between the second electrode and the second electrode. Fig. 34 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electroosmotic flow system 5300 of the present embodiment. The inside of the pipe member 5341 is a flow path and is filled with the liquid 5312 to be conveyed. In the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the tube member 5341, the first electrode 53 13 and the second electrode 53 14 having a plurality of holes are disposed apart from each other. The first electrode 53 13 and the second electrode 5314 are covered by the insulating film 53!6, and an alternating current source 5315 which generates an asymmetrical alternating current is connected. An electro-permeable material 5343 made of a porous material is disposed between the first electrode 5313 and the second electrode 5314 in the flow path. The electro-permeable material 5343 is, for example, a member made of a ceria fiber material or a porous ceramic, and functions to pass the liquid and substantially increase the area of the inner wall of the flow path. By disposing the electroosmotic material 5343 as shown in Fig. 34, the electro-permeable material is brought into contact with the liquid in a fine hole provided inside the electro-osmotic material, and the liquid is transported by the action of a unidirectional electric field generated by asymmetric alternating current. Since the porous material inside the electroosmotic material increases the contact area between the electroosmotic material and the liquid, the liquid transporting ability is also enhanced. According to the electroosmotic flow pump of the present embodiment, as in the ninth embodiment, bubbles are not generated by liquid electrolysis, and an electrochemical reaction is not caused, thereby preventing electrode corrosion. Therefore, since the mechanism for removing the bubbles is not required, the structure of the electroosmotic flow can be simplified, and the reliability of the electroosmotic flow pump can be improved. Further, since at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with the insulating film, corrosion of the electrode can be more reliably prevented. Moreover, the power consumption can be significantly reduced, and the generation of Joule heat can be significantly reduced. Further, by providing an electroosmotic material composed of a porous material between the first electrode 5313 and the second electrode 5314, the electroosmotic effect can be improved, so that the pump capacity can be drastically improved. &lt;Embodiment 11&gt; A fuel cell according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 35. The fuel cell 6100 is provided with an electroosmotic pump 61H according to any one of the embodiments §, 9 or 1 of the present invention. Further, fuel is supplied from the fuel tank 6丨53 to the fuel cell unit 6152 and through the fuel delivery pipe 6154. A fuel cell state sensor 6156 is connected to the fuel cell unit 61 52 to detect the state of the fuel cell. The state of the fuel cell is transmitted from the fuel cell state sensor 6156 to the fuel supply control circuit 6157, and the fuel supply control circuit 6157 controls the fuel supply amount of the fuel cell 6151. The power required by the fuel cell state sensor 615 6 and the fuel supply control circuit 6丨5 7 is supplied by a DC/DC converter 6155 connected to the fuel cell unit 6152. A terminal 6158 for supplying power to the outside is connected to the DC/DC converter 6155. Since the fuel cell of the present embodiment includes the electroosmotic flow pump of the present invention, the fuel which is supplied by the electroosmotic flow pump does not electrolyze to generate bubbles, and does not cause an electrochemical reaction, so that the electrode does not rot #. Therefore, since the mechanism for removing bubbles is not required, the structure of the electroosmotic flow pump can be simplified, and the reliability of the electroosmotic flow pump can be improved. &lt;Fourth Embodiment&gt; A cooling pump according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 36. The cooling pump 6200 includes an electroosmotic pump 6251 according to any one of the eighth, ninth or tenth embodiments of the present invention. Further, between the heat receiving portion 6259 and the heat exchanger 6260, the refrigerant is circulated through the refrigerant delivery pipe 6263. A temperature sensor 6261 is provided in the heat receiving portion 6259, and the temperature of the heat receiving portion 6259 is transmitted to the pump control circuit 6262. The pump control circuit 6262 controls the electroosmotic pump 6251 based on the information from the temperature sensor 6261, and moves the coolant to appropriately maintain the temperature of the heat receiving portion 6259. Since the cooling pump of the present embodiment includes the electroosmotic flow pump of the present invention, the fuel transported by the electroosmotic flow pump does not cause electrolysis to generate bubbles, and does not cause an electrochemical reaction, so that the electrode does not corrode. Therefore, since the mechanism for removing the air bubbles is not required, the structure of the cooling pump can be simplified, and the reliability of the cooling pump can be improved. &lt;Embodiment 13&gt; A chemical solution supply device 6300 according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 37. The chemical solution supply device 6300 includes the electroosmotic pump 63 51 of any one of the embodiments 8, 9, or 10 of the present invention. Further, the drug solution tank 63 64 is supplied to the drug solution supply destination by the drug solution delivery tube 63 68. A flow rate sensor 6365 is provided in the middle of the chemical liquid transfer tube 6368 to transmit the flow rate information to the chemical supply control circuit 6366. The liquid medicine supply control circuit 162130.doc -56-201243321 6366 controls the electroosmotic valve 6351 according to the instruction previously transmitted from the liquid medicine supply program input device and the flow rate information transmitted from the muscle mass sensor 6365, and adjusts the liquid medicine to be transported. Traffic. Since the chemical solution supply device of the present embodiment includes the electroosmotic flow I' of the present invention, the chemical solution transported by the electroosmotic flow pump does not cause electrolysis to generate bubbles, and 1 does not cause an electrochemical reaction, so that the electrode does not rot. . Therefore, since the mechanism for removing the air bubbles is not required, the structure of the chemical supply device can be simplified, and the reliability of the chemical supply device can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS. Ua) to (d) are explanatory diagrams of an embodiment of a waveform of a symmetrical alternating current. Fig. 2 (a) to (d) are explanatory views of an embodiment of an asymmetrical alternating current waveform of the invention. 30) and (b) are explanatory views of an embodiment of the waveform of the asymmetric alternating current of the invention. 4(a) to 4(d) are explanatory diagrams showing an embodiment of a method of determining asymmetric communication. Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of an electric field generating device of the invention. Fig. 6 is a view showing the schematic configuration of an electric field generating device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 (a) to (d) are explanatory views of an embodiment of the waveform of the asymmetric alternating current of the invention. Fig. 8 (a) to (c) are explanatory diagrams of an electric field generation phenomenon in a case where a direct current voltage is applied between electrodes in a liquid. 162130.doc -57- 201243321 FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a simulation model of asymmetric communication of the present invention. Fig. 10 is an explanatory view showing a simulation model of the asymmetric communication of the invention. Fig. 11 is a waveform diagram showing an embodiment of an asymmetric rectangular wave used in the third simulation of the invention. Fig. 12 is a graph showing the amount of charge sensed by the first simulation of the invention. Figure 13 is a graph showing the amount of charge sensed by the first simulation of the present invention. Fig. 14 is a graph showing the intensity of an electric field in the liquid of the i-th simulation of the invention. Fig. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the average electric field and the constant n in the i-th simulation of the invention. Fig. 16 is a graph showing the change in the position of the object in the liquid in the third simulation of the invention. Fig. 17 is a waveform diagram showing an embodiment of an asymmetric rectangular wave used in the second simulation of the invention. Fig. 18 is a graph showing changes in the time of the position of the object in the liquid in the second simulation of the invention. Fig. 19 is a waveform diagram showing an embodiment of a symmetrical rectangular wave used in the third simulation of the invention. Fig. 20 is a graph showing the change in the position of the object in the liquid in the third simulation command of the invention. Fig. 21 is a waveform diagram showing an embodiment of an asymmetric triangular wave used in the fourth simulation of the invention. Figure 22 is a graph showing the amount of charge sensed by the fourth simulation of the invention. Figure 23 is a graph showing the amount of charge sensed by the fourth simulation of the present invention. 162130.doc -58- 201243321 Figure 24 is a graph showing the intensity of the electric field in the liquid of the fourth simulation of the invention. Fig. 25 is a graph showing the relationship between the average electric field and the constant n in the fourth simulation of the invention. Fig. 26 is a graph showing the change in the position of the object in the liquid in the fourth simulation of the invention. Fig. 27 is a view showing the schematic configuration of a floating body moving device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 28 is a view showing the schematic configuration of a floating body moving device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 29 is a view showing the schematic configuration of a floating body moving device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 30 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electrophoresis apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electrophoretic display device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electroosmotic flow pump according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 33 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electroosmotic flow pump according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention. Figure 34 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electroosmotic flow pump according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention. Fig. 35 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 36 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cooling pump according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention. Figure 37 is a schematic configuration diagram of a chemical supply device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 1100 Electric field generating device 162130.doc •59- 201243321 1111 Container 1112 Liquid 1113 First electrode 1114 Second electrode 1115 AC power supply 1117 Arrow symbol 1216 Insulating film 2100 Floating body moving device 2111 Container 2112 Liquid 2113 1 Electrode 2114 second electrode 2115 AC power supply 2118 object 2216 insulating film 3100 electrophoresis device 3124 agarose gel 3125 well 4100 electrophoretic display device 4131 first substrate 4132 second substrate 4134 electrophoresis element 4135. capsule 4136 dispersion medium • 60-162130.doc 201243321 4137 Electrophoretic particle 4138 Electrophoretic particle 4139 Selective transistor 5100 Electroosmotic flow 5141 Pipe 5142 Slip surface 5216 Insulating film 5343 Electroseptic material 6100 Fuel cell 6151 Electroosmosis runner 6152 Fuel cell unit 6153 Fuel tank 6154 Fuel delivery tube 6155 DC/DC Converter 6156 Fuel cell state sensor 6157 Fuel supply control circuit 6158 Fuel supply terminal 6200 Cooling pump 6251 Electric energy flow 6263 Coolant delivery pipe 6300 Chemical liquid supply device 635 1 Electroosmotic flow system 6368 Chemical liquid delivery pipe 162130.doc -61 -

Claims (1)

201243321 VII. Patent application scope: ι - an electric field generating device, comprising: a container filled with a liquid; configured by vacating at least a part of each of the liquids injected into the container at a specific interval a first electrode and a second electrode; and an alternating current generator connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and having an asymmetric alternating current applied between the electrodes; and the alternating current generator is generated in the liquid substantially The electric field of the first electrode toward the second electrode or the electric field substantially from the second electrode toward the electric field of the first electrode. The electric field generating device according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in direct contact with the liquid injected into the container; and the first electrode and the second electrode are in the asymmetric alternating current. The voltage V(1) (t is time) is integrated over one cycle of the alternating current, and the value of the formula Veff=IV(t)dt is substantially zero and does not have a substantial DC component. 3. The electric field generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not in direct contact with the liquid. A floating body moving device, comprising: a container in which a liquid floating with an object is injected; and a first electrode disposed at a predetermined interval in such a manner that at least a portion thereof is immersed in a liquid injected into the container And a second electrode; and 162130.doc 201243321 is connected to the second electrode and the second electrode, and an asymmetric alternating current is applied to the alternating current generator between the two electrodes; and the asymmetric alternating current applied by the alternating current generator, The object floating in the liquid is moved from the electrode to the second electrode or from the second electrode to the second electrode. The floating body moving device according to claim 4, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in direct contact with the liquid; and in the asymmetric alternating current, the second electrode and the second electrode are The electric grinder V(t) (t is time) is integrated by one cycle of alternating current, and the value of the formula Veff=/V(t)dt is substantially zero and does not have a substantial DC component. 6. The floating body moving device according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not in direct contact with the liquid. An electrophoresis apparatus comprising: a migration tank into which a liquid containing a sample is injected; and a portion which is disposed at a predetermined interval by immersing at least a part of each of the liquids injected into the swimming tank; An electrode and a second electrode; and an alternating current generator connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and having an asymmetric alternating current applied between the electrodes; and the asymmetric alternating current applied by the alternating current generator is used in the liquid The sample containing the sample moves between the first electrode and the second electrode in the liquid; 162130.doc 201243321 At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not in direct contact with the liquid. 8. An electrophoretic display device comprising: a first electrode and a second electrode disposed opposite to each other at a predetermined interval; and being disposed in a space sandwiched by the first electrode and the second electrode, and including An electrophoretic element enclosing a plurality of capsules of the electrophoretic particles and the dispersion; and an alternating current generator connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and applying an asymmetric alternating current between the electrodes; and using the asymmetric communication The electrophoretic particles in each capsule move in the direction of one of the electrodes. An electroosmotic flow pump comprising: a flow channel for flowing a liquid; a first electrode and a second electrode each having a plurality of holes disposed at an upstream portion and a downstream portion of the flow channel; and a first electrode and a second electrode, and an asymmetric alternating current is applied to the alternating current generator between the two electrodes; and by applying the asymmetric alternating current, the liquid flowing into the flow path is from the third portion located in the upstream portion of the flow path The electrode is transported in the direction of the second electrode located in the downstream portion of the flow path. 10. The electroosmotic flow pump according to claim 9, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in direct contact with the liquid flowing into the flow channel; and the first electrode and the second electrode are in the asymmetric alternating current The voltage V(t) (t is time) is obtained by integrating the cycle of the alternating current cycle. 162I30.doc 201243321 The value of Veff=JV(t)dt is substantially zero and does not have a substantial DC component. 11. The electroosmotic flow pump of claim 9 or 1 wherein at least one of said first electrode and said second electrode is covered by an insulating film and is not in direct contact with said liquid. 12. Electroosmotic flow pump according to claim 9 or 10. An electroosmotic material made of a porous material is provided in the flow path between the first electrode and the second electrode. 13. The electroosmotic flow pump according to claim 11, wherein an electroosmotic material composed of a porous material is provided in the flow path between the first electrode and the second electrode. A fuel cell, which is provided with an electroosmotic flow pump 19, according to any one of claims 9 to 13, a cooling pump, which is driven by an electroosmotic flow pump according to any one of claims 9 to 13. 16. A liquid chemical supply device' which is driven by an electroosmotic flow pump according to any one of claims 9 to 13. 17. An electric field generating method, comprising: preparing a liquid into a container; and arranging the first electrode and the second electrode at a predetermined interval by at least partially immersing each of the liquids in the liquid And disposing an asymmetric alternating current between the first electrode and the second electrode, and generating an electric field substantially from the second electrode toward the second electrode or substantially from the second electrode in the liquid The electric field of the second electrode is 162130.doc 201243321 The electric field generating step of the electric field of one side. 18. The electric field generating method according to claim 17, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in any one of (4) Μ directly (four); and in the asymmetric alternating current, between the second electrode and the second electrode The voltage V(t) (t is time) is integrated by the alternating cycle and the value of the formula Veff=JV(t)dt is substantially zero and does not have a substantial DC component. 19. The method of generating an electric field according to claim 17, wherein the above is the first! At least the electrode and the second electrode are covered by the insulating film without being in direct contact with the liquid. 20. The electric field generating method of claim 17, wherein the asymmetric alternating current is a rectangular wave having a high potential duration and a low potential duration. 21. The electric field generating method of claim 17, wherein the asymmetric alternating current is a triangular wave or a mineral tooth wave having a different rise time and fall time. A method for moving a floating body, comprising: preparing a liquid for injecting a liquid to the container; and arranging the first electrode at a predetermined interval by at least partially immersing each of the liquids in the liquid And a step of disposing the second electrode; and applying an asymmetric alternating current between the first electrode and the second electrode, and moving the object floating from the first electrode to the second electrode Or a movement step of the movement from the second electrode to the first electrode 162130.doc 201243321. The method of moving the floating body according to claim 22, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are In the above-mentioned asymmetric alternating current, the voltage V (t) (t is time) between the ith electrode and the second electrode is subjected to periodic integration. The resulting value of Veff=/V(t)dt is substantially G and does not have a DC component of real f. 24. The method of moving a floating body according to claim 22, wherein at least one of said first electrode and said second electrode is covered by an insulating film without being in direct contact with said liquid. 25. An electrophoresis method comprising: preparing a step of injecting a liquid containing a sample moved by electrophoresis into a migration tank; arranging at a specific interval by at least partially immersing in the liquid a step of disposing the first electrode and the second electrode; and applying an asymmetric alternating current between the second electrode and the second electrode, and making the sample in the liquid! a step of migrating between the electrode and the second electrode; and at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not in direct contact with the liquid. 26. A method of operating an electroosmotic flow pump, comprising: separating a first electrode and a second electrode from an upstream portion and a downstream portion disposed in a flow path of an electroosmotic flow pump; 162130.doc 201243321 applying asymmetric alternating current to The first electrode and the second electrode are disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the liquid flowing into the flow path is transported from the first electrode located in the upstream portion of the flow path to the second electrode located in the downstream portion of the flow path. 27. The method of operating an electroosmotic flow pump according to claim 26, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in direct contact with the liquid; and in the asymmetric alternating current, the third electrode is The voltage V (t) between the second electrode and the second electrode is integrated by the cycle of alternating current, and the value of the formula Veff = JV(t)dt is substantially zero and does not have a substantial DC component. The method of operating an electroosmotic flow pump according to claim 26, wherein at least one of said first electrode and said second electrode is covered with an insulating film and is not in direct contact with said liquid. 162130.doc