201239379 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種電瓶健康狀態檢測方法及裝置，尤 指一種電瓶健康狀態之變頻檢測方法及其裝置。 【先前技術】 目則市面上的電瓶測試器大多採用開迴路電壓及負載 電壓為量測基礎’ β用此二者的電壓差判斷電瓶健康狀態 及充電狀態。《而’採用電壓差測試方法的電瓶測試器仍 有一些缺點，例如任何元件的負載必須承受最大功率，此 外’不同型式的電池有不同的電壓/電流輸出能力，因此在 目前的市場上，電池測試廠商在型號/種類方面會受到限 制，使得市面上電池種類繁多，電池測試商必須要針對每 款電池擬定獨自的測試條件或環境，而缺乏可通用的測試 方式。 【發明内容】 有鑑於上述現有電瓶健康檢測裝置之缺點，本發明主 要目的係提供一種電瓶健康狀態之變頻檢測方法及其裝 置，可適用於不同電瓶容量的電瓶使用。 欲達上述目的所述的電瓶健康狀態之變頻檢測方法， 係包含有： 建立有複數不同類型電瓶於不同電壓值下的良好内阻 值範圍及良好内電容值範圍的健康狀態的標準表； 201239379 將一已知電阻值的負載連接至待測電瓶，以榻取該電 瓶的負載電壓峰值’以得知目前電瓶的輸出電流值； 產生並輸入複數不同頻率之檢測訊號至電瓶中，藉二 相鄰輸入至電瓶後輸出的檢測訊號，取得其間的時間差， 並建立不同頻率下所檢知含有内阻值及内電容容抗變數的 數個方程式； 解上述複數方程式的聯立方程式，獲得目前電瓶的内 電容的容抗值； 依據檢知的電流值、時間差及容抗值，即可計算出電 瓶的内電容值；及 依據目前電瓶電壓值及計算得到的内電阻值及内電容 值，進行查表判斷該電瓶於目前電壓值下，其内電阻值及 内電容值所代表的健康狀態。 再者，欲達上述目的所使用的主要技術手段係令該電 瓶健康狀態之變頻檢測裝置係包含有： 一變頻訊號產生器，係用以產生不同頻率的檢測訊 號，並透過一放電裝置供待測電瓶連接； 一負載單元，係供待測電瓶連接； 一微控制器，係電連接至該變頻訊號產生器及負載單 元’以決定變頻訊號產生器輸出檢測訊號的波形、振幅及 頻率，並決疋加載或移載；又該微控制器係内建有一健康 標準表及一檢測程序；其中該健康標準表係包含於不同電 壓值下的良好内阻值範圍及良好内電容值範圍的健康狀 態； 一訊號延遲相位檢測單元，係電連接至該微處理器輸 4 201239379 入端，供連接至待測電瓶，以檢 ^ ^ ^ λλ * 檢头自該待測電瓶輸出的兩 相鄰檢測訊號的時間差，並回傳至該微處理器；及 一電瓶電壓擷取單元，係雷 保電連接至該微處理器，並供 連接至待測電瓶’以檢知該待測雷细番厭 付，則電瓶電壓，並回傳至該微 處理器。 上述本發明直接對待測 壓值’由於加載值為已知， 流值’再配合訊號產生器產 電瓶後’自電瓶中取得二相 測訊號通過電瓶後的時間差 容抗，而推算出電瓶的等效 輸出電流、内阻值及電容值 電瓶加載，以取得待測電瓶電 亦可同時推算出電瓶的輸出電 生不同頻率的檢測訊號輸出至 鄰檢測訊號’計算此二相鄰檢 ’以及等效電阻及等效電容的 電容；由於電瓶健康狀態可由 直接判斷而得，故配合預設健 康狀態標準表即可判斷出目前待測電瓶的健康狀.態；是 以’本發明可供不同電瓶作精確的健康狀態檢測。 【實施方式】 首先請參閱圖1所示’由於電瓶可視為一 RC等效電路 圖’故不同電瓶的RC等效電路中的等效電阻及等效電容均 不同；其中R1為電池的導電支架之等效電阻，R2為電池 極板的等效電阻，而C1為電池極板的等效電容；由於R1 串聯R2 ’加上電瓶電壓都是固定的範圍，故可直接以歐姆 定理F =沿判斷電瓶輸出電流大小，再由電流大小決定電瓶狀 態；意即，當電瓶等效内阻值（R1+R2)愈大，會造成電瓶輸 出電流丨愈小；反之則電流I愈大。再者，電瓶通常均以安 培小時AH表示容量、冷啟動電流CCA表示最大瞬間可輸 201239379 出的電流，因此R1加R2的值亦會影響CCA的大小，CCA 若是愈大就表示電池的放電性能愈好。因為安培小時ah或 儲存容量（Reserved Capacity)與電池的電池極板等效電容 C1有關，電容值愈高表示電池所存積的電量愈大，而此一 等效電谷亦會隨著電瓶本身電力被釋放所造成電力的消耗 而變小，如果對電瓶充電則内電容值會愈大，是以，該内電 容值會隨電瓶電量大小而變化。 因此，請配合參閱圖2所示，本發明欲達上述目的所述 的電瓶健康狀態之變頻檢測方法，係包含有： 建立有複數不同類型電瓶於不同電壓值下的良好内阻 值範圍及良好内電容值範圍的健康狀態的標準表s1〇;於本 實施例中該標準表内容的取得可就市面上不同電瓶進行分 類，將各類全新及不同程度折舊的電瓶進行充放電，並測量 其每個不同設定的階段，例如充飽後、剩餘8〇%電力、剩餘 60%電力…等等，在不同電壓狀下量測其等效電容值⑴、 等效内阻值R2，如下表所示：201239379 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a battery health state detecting method and apparatus, and more particularly to a frequency sensor detecting method and apparatus for battery health. [Prior Art] Most battery testers on the market use open-circuit voltage and load voltage as the basis for measurement. β The voltage difference between the two is used to judge the battery health and state of charge. "The battery tester using the voltage difference test method still has some disadvantages. For example, the load of any component must withstand the maximum power. In addition, 'different types of batteries have different voltage/current output capabilities, so in the current market, the battery Testers are limited in terms of model/type, resulting in a wide variety of batteries on the market. Battery testers must develop separate test conditions or environments for each battery, and lack a universal test method. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above disadvantages of the conventional battery health detecting device, the main object of the present invention is to provide a frequency conversion detecting method for a battery health state and a device thereof, which are applicable to battery use of different battery capacities. The frequency conversion detection method for the health state of the battery as described above includes: establishing a standard table for the health state of a plurality of different types of batteries at different voltage values and a good range of internal capacitance values; 201239379 Connect a load of a known resistance value to the battery to be tested, and take the peak value of the load voltage of the battery to know the current output current value of the battery; generate and input a plurality of detection signals of different frequencies into the battery, by using two phases The detection signal outputted after inputting to the battery is obtained, and the time difference between them is obtained, and several equations which are detected at different frequencies and have internal resistance value and internal capacitance tolerance variable are established; the simultaneous equation of the above complex equation is solved, and the current battery is obtained. The capacitance value of the internal capacitor; based on the detected current value, time difference and capacitive reactance value, the internal capacitance value of the battery can be calculated; and based on the current battery voltage value and the calculated internal resistance value and internal capacitance value, The look-up table determines the health state represented by the internal resistance value and the internal capacitance value of the battery under the current voltage value. Furthermore, the main technical means for achieving the above purpose is that the frequency conversion detecting device for the health state of the battery includes: an inverter signal generator for generating detection signals of different frequencies and being supplied through a discharge device a battery connection; a load unit for connecting the battery to be tested; a microcontroller connected to the variable frequency signal generator and the load unit to determine the waveform, amplitude and frequency of the output signal of the variable frequency signal generator, and The controller is loaded or transferred; the microcontroller has a built-in health standard table and a test procedure; wherein the health standard table contains a range of good internal resistance values at different voltage values and a good range of internal capacitance values. State; a signal delay phase detecting unit is electrically connected to the microprocessor input 4 201239379 input terminal for connection to the battery to be tested to detect ^ ^ λλ * head detection from the two adjacent detection of the battery to be tested The time difference of the signal is transmitted back to the microprocessor; and a battery voltage extraction unit is connected to the microprocessor and is connected to the microprocessor Battery 'to detecting the test Ray fan tired pay the fine, the battery voltage, and transmitted back to the microprocessor. The above-mentioned invention directly treats the pressure measurement value 'because the loading value is known, and the flow value' is matched with the time after the signal generator produces the battery, and the time difference capacitance after the two-phase measurement signal is obtained from the battery through the battery, and the battery is calculated. The output current, the internal resistance value and the capacitance value of the battery are loaded to obtain the battery power to be tested. At the same time, the output signal of the battery is outputted to the adjacent detection signal 'calculate the two adjacent detection' and equivalent The capacitance of the resistor and the equivalent capacitor; since the health status of the battery can be directly judged, the health status of the battery to be tested can be judged together with the preset health status standard table; Accurate health status detection. [Embodiment] First, please refer to FIG. 1 'Because the battery can be regarded as an RC equivalent circuit diagram', the equivalent resistance and equivalent capacitance of the RC equivalent circuit of different batteries are different; wherein R1 is the conductive bracket of the battery. Equivalent resistance, R2 is the equivalent resistance of the battery plate, and C1 is the equivalent capacitance of the battery plate; since R1 series R2' plus battery voltage is a fixed range, it can be directly judged by the ohm theorem F = The output current of the battery, and then the current determines the battery state; that is, when the battery equivalent internal resistance (R1 + R2) is larger, the battery output current will be smaller; otherwise, the larger the current I. In addition, the battery usually has the capacity in ampere-hour AH, and the cold-start current CCA indicates that the maximum instantaneous current can be output 201239379. Therefore, the value of R1 plus R2 will also affect the size of CCA. If the CCA is larger, it indicates the discharge performance of the battery. The better. Because the ampere hour ah or the reserved capacity (Reserved Capacity) is related to the equivalent capacitance C1 of the battery plate of the battery, the higher the capacitance value, the larger the amount of electricity stored in the battery, and the equivalent electricity valley will also follow the power of the battery itself. The power consumption caused by the release becomes smaller. If the battery is charged, the internal capacitance value will increase. Therefore, the internal capacitance value will vary with the battery power. Therefore, please refer to FIG. 2, the frequency conversion detection method for the health state of the battery according to the above-mentioned object of the present invention includes: establishing a good internal resistance value range of a plurality of different types of batteries at different voltage values and good The standard table s1 of the health state of the internal capacitance value range; in the present embodiment, the content of the standard table can be obtained by classifying different batteries on the market, charging and discharging various new and different degrees of depreciation of the battery, and measuring the same Each of the different setting stages, such as after filling, remaining 8〇% of power, remaining 60% of power, etc., measure its equivalent capacitance value (1) and equivalent internal resistance value R2 under different voltage conditions, as shown in the following table. Show:
100% (良好狀態） 80% (良好狀態） 60% (良好狀態） • · 30% (良好狀態） A Ra 1 广 Ra 1 N Cb1 1〜Cb1N Ra21~ Ra2N ^b21-Cb2N Ra31 〜Ra3N Pb31 "*Cb3N • · Ra41~ Ra4N B Rc1 广 Rc1 N Cd1 1 〜Cd1 N Rc21 〜Rc2N Cd2l-Cd2N Rc3广 Rc3N C<j3i 〜Cd3N • · · w D4 1 ^d4 N Rc41 〜Rc4N C Re 11*^ Re 1 N Cf1 1 〜Cfi N Re21- Re2N Cf21 〜Cf?N Re31~ R63N Pf31 〜Cf3N • V d4 1 d4 N_ Re41~ Re4N _Cf4i 〜Cf4M 將已★電阻值的負載連接至待測電瓶，以榻取該電 201239379 瓶的負載電壓峰值’以得知目前電瓶的輸出電流值s”； 產生並輸入複數不同頻率之檢測訊號至電瓶中1 = 相鄰輸入至電瓶㈣出的檢測訊號，#得其間的時間差厂 如L3所：’並建”同頻率下所檢知含有等效電阻及 效電合的谷抗（及=@)變數的數個方程式S12，如下： v · =Λ1 + R2100% (good condition) 80% (good condition) 60% (good condition) • · 30% (good condition) A Ra 1 Wide Ra 1 N Cb1 1~Cb1N Ra21~ Ra2N ^b21-Cb2N Ra31 ~Ra3N Pb31 " *Cb3N • · Ra41~ Ra4N B Rc1 Wide Rc1 N Cd1 1 ~Cd1 N Rc21 〜Rc2N Cd2l-Cd2N Rc3广 Rc3N C<j3i ～Cd3N • · · w D4 1 ^d4 N Rc41 〜Rc4N C Re 11*^ Re 1 N Cf1 1 ~Cfi N Re21- Re2N Cf21 ~Cf?N Re31~ R63N Pf31 ~Cf3N • V d4 1 d4 N_ Re41~ Re4N _Cf4i ~Cf4M Connect the load with the resistance value to the battery to be tested. 201239379 bottle load voltage peak 'to know the current battery output current value s"; generate and input a plurality of different frequency detection signals to the battery 1 = adjacent input to the battery (four) out of the detection signal, #得差的差差厂For example, in L3: a number of equations S12 of the valley resistance (and =@) variable with the equivalent resistance and the effect of electric power are detected at the same frequency, as follows: v · =Λ1 + R2
V_ ~A V_ ~A V\ ~A /=〇 m f»fc /=/0V_ ~A V_ ~A V\ ~A /=〇 m f»fc /=/0
v_ ~A 半m就是峰料到最A振幅的頻率 -R\ = R2 ； v-q /=0 代入後V_ ~A Half m is the frequency of peak to the most A amplitude -R\ = R2 ; v-q /=0 after substitution
V /=/〇V /=/〇
/=/〇 V ~A —及1 = /?2||及 -Rl |Zc 解上述複數方程式的聯立方程式，獲得目前電瓶的等 效電容的容抗S13; 依據檢知的電流值、時間差、容抗及等效電阻，即可 計算出電瓶的等效電容S14，計算原理如^ : •••2 = /·ί = Ον (庫倫定理） = (歐姆定理）/=/〇V ~A — and 1 = /?2|| and -Rl |Zc solve the complex equation of the above complex equation to obtain the capacitive reactance S13 of the equivalent capacitance of the current battery; based on the detected current value and time difference The capacitance and equivalent resistance can be used to calculate the equivalent capacitance S14 of the battery. The calculation principle is as follows: ••••2 = /· ί = Ον (Coulomb theorem) = (ohm theorem)
...代入上式C =殳=:^ =上1 =丄 v v R*I R 因此得知，被測電瓶當時的等效電容C、等效電阻R兩 項’會與和信號波形間的時間差t產生一定的關係； 依據目前電瓶電壓值及計算得到的等效電阻及等效電 容，進行查表判斷該電瓶於目前電壓值下，其等效電阻及 等效電容所代表的健康狀態S15。 201239379 請參閱圖4及圖5所示，係為本發明電瓶健康狀態之 變頻檢測裝置1 〇的電路方塊圖及部份詳細電路圖，其包含 有· 一變頻訊號產生器11 ’係用以產生不同頻率的檢測訊 號，並透過一放電裝置111供待測電瓶連接； 一負載單元20，係供待測電瓶連接； 一微控制器12’係電連接至該變頻訊號產生器彳彳及負 載單元20 ’以決定變頻訊號產生器彳彳輸出檢測訊號的波 形、振幅及頻率’並決定該負載單元20的加載或移載；又 該微控制器12係内建有一健康標準表及一檢測程序；其中 該健康標準表係包含於不同電壓值下的良好内阻值範圍及 良好内電容值範圍的健康狀態； 一訊號延遲相位檢測單元1 3，係電連接至該微處理器 1 2輸入端’供連接至待測電瓶3 0，以檢知自該待測電瓶3 〇 輸出的兩相鄰檢測訊號的時間差，並回傳至該微處理器 12,其中該訊號延遲相位檢測单元13係包含有一電壓差動 放大電路131、一取樣電路132及一計頻器133,該電壓差 動放大電路1 31二差動輸入端分別連接待測電瓶3〇電極， 其輸出端則透過取樣電路1 32連接至計頻器彳33及取樣電 路’由該計頻器1 3 3取得檢測訊號的頻率，而由該取樣電 路1 3 2取得檢測訊號的振幅大小，再一併傳送至該微控制 器1 2，由微控制器12判斷如圖3的二相鄰檢測訊號s 1、 S2之相位差0，並依據相位差θ換算為時間差td ;及 一電瓶電壓擷取單元14，係電連接至該微處理器12, 並供連接至待測電瓶30，以檢知該待測電瓶30電壓，並回 8 201239379 傳至該微處理器12;於本實施例中，該電瓶電壓擷取單元 14係包含一負載峰值電樣取樣電路141及一類比數位轉換 電路142 ,該負載峰值電壓取樣電路141係連接至該待測 電瓶30電極，以對電瓶3〇電壓進行取樣後，透過類比數 位轉換電路142轉換為數位電壓值後回傳至微控制器12。 因此，上述微控制器12所執行的檢測程序即如圖2方 法流程圖，將負載單元20連接至待測電瓶3〇後，等待該 電瓶電壓擷取單元14回傳目前電瓶電壓峰值，即獲得電瓶 30電壓，依據歐姆定律以電瓶電壓及負載值，推算出電瓶 3〇的輸出電流值；再控制訊號產生器彳彳產生不同頻率的檢 測訊號輸出至電瓶30,期間等待該訊號延遲相位檢測單元 11回傳二相鄰檢測訊號通過電瓶3〇後的相位差，再以相位 差及二相鄰檢測訊號的頻率計算出時間差；其中該微控制 器12係至少控制輸出頻率f為〇(f=〇)、頻率大於RC電路 共振頻率fc(f>>fc)，以及在同樣的條件下，使電壓升高到 的最大值的頻率（f〇)的變頻檢測訊號，以建立不同的方程 式，再藉由解聯立方程式求解出該等測電瓶的容抗。當微 控制器1 2取得電瓶輸電流值、容抗、等效電阻及時間差， 即能依據庫倫定律及歐姆定律計算出等效電容，再查表比 對健康狀態標準表，以判斷目前電瓶的健康狀態。 综上所述，本發明直接對待測電瓶加載，以取得待測 電瓶電壓值，由於加載值為已知，亦可同時推算出電瓶的 輸出電流值，再配合訊號產生器產生不同頻率的檢測訊號 輸出至電瓶，可取得二相鄰檢測訊號通過電瓶後的時間 差，以及内電瓶的内阻值及容抗值，而推算出電瓶的等效 201239379 内電谷值’由於電瓶健康狀態可由輸出電流、内阻值及電 容值直接判斷而得’故配合預設健康狀態標準表即可判斷 出目前待測電瓶的健康狀態，·是以，本發明可供不同電瓶 作精確的健康狀態檢測。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1 :係一電瓶的RC等效電路圖。 圖2 :係本發明電瓶檢測方法的流程圖。 圖3 :係本發明二檢測訊號波形圖。 圖4 :係本發明電路方塊圖。 圖5 :係圖4部份詳細電路圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 0變頻檢測裝置 11變頻訊號產生器 111放電裝置 1 ?_微控制器 1 3訊號延遲相位檢測單元1 電壓差動放大電 132取樣電路 133計頻器 14電瓶電壓擷取單元 141負載峰值電樣取樣電路 142類比數位轉換電路 20負載單元 30電瓶...substituting into the above formula C =殳=:^ =up1=丄vv R*IR Therefore, it is known that the time difference between the equivalent capacitance C and the equivalent resistance R of the battery under test and the sum signal waveform t generates a certain relationship; according to the current battery voltage value and the calculated equivalent resistance and equivalent capacitance, a table is checked to determine the health state S15 represented by the equivalent resistance and equivalent capacitance of the battery at the current voltage value. 201239379 Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, which are circuit block diagrams and partial detailed circuit diagrams of the frequency conversion detecting device 1 of the battery health state of the present invention, which includes an inverter signal generator 11' for generating different The frequency detection signal is connected to the battery to be tested through a discharge device 111; a load unit 20 is connected to the battery to be tested; and a microcontroller 12' is electrically connected to the frequency conversion signal generator 负载 and the load unit 20 'Determining the waveform, amplitude and frequency of the detection signal by the variable frequency signal generator 并 and determining the loading or transferring of the load unit 20; and the microcontroller 12 has a built-in health standard table and a detection program; The health standard table includes a good internal resistance value range under different voltage values and a healthy state of a good internal capacitance value range; a signal delay phase detecting unit 13 is electrically connected to the microprocessor 12 input terminal for Connected to the battery to be tested 30 to detect the time difference between two adjacent detection signals output from the battery 3 to be tested, and transmit back to the microprocessor 12, wherein the signal is delayed The position detecting unit 13 includes a voltage differential amplifying circuit 131, a sampling circuit 132 and a frequency counter 133. The differential input terminals of the voltage differential amplifying circuit 1 31 are respectively connected to the battery of the battery to be tested, and the output end thereof. Then, the sampling circuit 1 32 is connected to the frequency counter 彳33 and the sampling circuit 'the frequency of the detection signal is obtained by the frequency counter 133, and the amplitude of the detection signal is obtained by the sampling circuit 132, and then transmitted together. To the microcontroller 12, the microcontroller 12 determines that the phase difference 0 between the two adjacent detection signals s 1 and S2 of FIG. 3 is converted into a time difference td according to the phase difference θ; and a battery voltage extraction unit 14 The system is electrically connected to the microprocessor 12 and is connected to the battery 30 to be tested to detect the voltage of the battery 30 to be tested, and returns to the microprocessor 12 back to 8 201239379; in this embodiment, the battery The voltage extraction unit 14 includes a load peak sample sampling circuit 141 and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 142. The load peak voltage sampling circuit 141 is connected to the battery of the battery 30 to be tested to sample the battery voltage. Analog digital conversion circuit The 142 is converted to a digital voltage value and then passed back to the microcontroller 12. Therefore, the detection program executed by the above-mentioned microcontroller 12, that is, the method flow chart of FIG. 2, connects the load unit 20 to the battery to be tested, and waits for the battery voltage extraction unit 14 to return the current battery voltage peak, that is, obtain The voltage of the battery 30 is calculated according to Ohm's law with the battery voltage and the load value, and the output current value of the battery is calculated. Then, the control signal generator generates a detection signal of a different frequency and outputs it to the battery 30, waiting for the signal to delay the phase detecting unit. 11 returns the phase difference between the two adjacent detection signals through the battery, and then calculates the time difference by the phase difference and the frequency of the two adjacent detection signals; wherein the microcontroller 12 controls the output frequency f to be at least 〇 (f= 〇), the frequency is greater than the RC circuit resonance frequency fc(f>>fc), and under the same conditions, the frequency is raised to the maximum value of the frequency (f〇) of the frequency conversion detection signal to establish different equations, The capacitive reactance of the test cells is solved by the solution of the cubic equation. When the microcontroller 12 obtains the battery current value, capacitive reactance, equivalent resistance and time difference, the equivalent capacitance can be calculated according to Coulomb's law and Ohm's law, and then the table of the health status is checked to determine the current battery. health status. In summary, the present invention directly measures the battery load to obtain the voltage value of the battery to be tested. Since the load value is known, the output current value of the battery can be simultaneously calculated, and the signal generator generates a detection signal of a different frequency. Output to the battery, the time difference between the two adjacent detection signals passing through the battery, and the internal resistance value and capacitance value of the internal battery can be obtained, and the equivalent electric current value of the battery in 201239379 can be derived. The internal resistance value and the capacitance value are directly judged. Therefore, the health state of the current battery to be tested can be judged by matching the preset health state standard table. Therefore, the present invention can be used for accurate health state detection of different batteries. [Simple diagram of the figure] Figure 1: RC equivalent circuit diagram of a battery. Figure 2 is a flow chart showing the method of detecting a battery of the present invention. Figure 3 is a waveform diagram of the second detection signal of the present invention. Figure 4 is a block diagram of the circuit of the present invention. Figure 5: Part of the detailed circuit diagram of Figure 4. [Main component symbol description] 1 0 frequency conversion detecting device 11 frequency conversion signal generator 111 discharging device 1 ?_microcontroller 1 3 signal delay phase detecting unit 1 voltage differential amplifying electric 132 sampling circuit 133 frequency counter 14 battery voltage drawing Unit 141 load peak sample sampling circuit 142 analog to digital conversion circuit 20 load unit 30 battery