TW201235669A - Maximal power tracker validation platform of solar power supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

A maximal power tracker validation platform of solar power supply system comprises: a computer having a graphic man-machine interface for user's operation; a testing platform for receiving a solar energy module and providing an illuminance and a temperature; a programmable environment state generation source for driving the testing platform to generate the illuminance and temperature according to a command from the computer; a variable load unit having a programmable load and a maximal power tracker, wherein the variable load unit is used to make the programmable load as the load of the solar energy module or make the serial assembly of the maximal power tracker and the programmable load as the load of the solar energy module; and a multifunctional digital electric meter for measuring the current and voltage of the programmable load and transmitting the current and voltage values to the computer.

Description

201235669 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field of invention] / This book is about solar power supply system, _ is about a solar power supply system maximum power tracker verification platform, which can verify a maximum power tracker - In order to maximize the output power of a solar module - the performance of the work. °° [Prior Art] For the sustainable operation of the earth, how to find alternative energy sources with environmental protection and economic characteristics has become a very important issue for human beings in this century. Alternative energy basically refers to energy sources other than coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy, including wind, sun, mantle, water, tides, biomass, and fuel cells. ... In the alternative energy towel, the solar system is less restricted by the terrain environment, and unlike the fuel cell biomass, a specific way is needed to produce the fuel for the ambiguous point. The source of electricity for solar power generation is solar cells, and a single solar cell cannot be used directly. It must be composed of many solar cells, connected in parallel, to form a solar module, and then designed and arranged according to the required pure specifications. The solar modules form a solar array to provide sufficient voltage and current. For solar energy systems, the power generation efficiency is very important. In addition to the solar cells with higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, the improvement of solar cell climbing efficiency is also one of the key points. The output power of a solar cell depends on the ambient illuminance of the solar illuminance and the temperature of the solar energy pool (4). In the state of the environment - the solar cell will have a corresponding optimal operating point (i, v) 〇 ptimal - which can provide a corresponding maximum output power, and different environmental conditions will often correspond to different optimal work. point. In order to improve the efficiency of solar cells, the maximum power tracker must be used to adjust the operating point of the solar cell based on external environmental changes. Regarding the maximum power operating point of solar cells, there are many different methods proposed in the literature, but the more common ones are perturbati〇n and observation algorUhm and incremental conductance algorithm ° 201235669 In order to verify the performance of the maximum power tracker, it is generally placed in the - solar power system, and then in various ways == whether the solar power system can output the corresponding maximum power ^,", during testing We can't control the environmental parameters such as solar illuminance, tilt=interval, so that the test conditions are not clear;; it is also doubtful that the force has a true power point. In this case, it is impossible to compare various maximum powers. The advantages and disadvantages of the retreading algorithm are most suitable for the maximum power tracking algorithm of the solar power system. R & D or find out [invention content]

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plurality of environmental states (each of the environmental states including illuminance SJ ς, and too% energy module temperature); the direct measurement - solar module in each net production The current-voltage curve in the state is divided into two generations. The module is under the control of a maximum power tracker: the output rate at the force rate and the output of the power is the stated force rate. A comparison is made to verify the performance of the maximum power tracker. Rate tracking; = mesh = 'ί two variable load cell, - multi-function digital meter, and environmentally-friendly environment - solar module and its system according to the programmable graphics; temperature; the computer has - drive The test platform is configured to generate the illuminance and temperature, and the switch has a switch circuit, and the switch circuit is used to make the program load Serial combination combination rotation; the multi-function digital power 201235669 is used to measure the current and voltage of the programmable load, and the current/voltage value to the computer; and the camera is used to The verification platform is transmitted to the remote computer to facilitate the user to monitor the operation of the entire verification platform. At the time of the operation, the user can: determine the solar mode by the graphical human-machine interface, and the environment is mixed with the load-carrying load value; the solar energy is cut through the switch circuit. Mode _ load - which can be combined with the programmable load (four) or the maximum power tracking benefit; and paste the multi-function digital meter to measure the current and voltage of the y program, do not obtain The maximum power operating point of the sub-module in each environment, and the power output of the solar module in the maximum power tracker under each of the environmental states to verify the maximum work ^ ^ The feasibility and accuracy of the tracking control law, and can be compared to different maximum power tracking control law performance to study the optimal maximum power tracking control law. The structure, features, and objects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. [Embodiment] Please refer to FIG. 1 for a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the maximum power tracker of the solar power supply system of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the verification platform includes a shelf 10 , a computer 20 , a motor 30 , a programmable environment state generating source 4 , at least one light source 50 , at least one sensing device 6 , and one The program load 70, a multi-function digital meter (DMM) 90, a camera 1A, a data capture card 11A, a maximum power tracer 120, and switches 21, 122. The rack 10 has a platform 11 such as, but not limited to, a two-axis test platform for placing at least one solar cell module 8 to be tested, and the rack 1 further has a plurality of brackets 12 And a pulley 13 is disposed under each bracket 12 to facilitate the movement of the frame 10. The platform can be longitudinally rotated by the control of the motor. In addition, the frame 10 is specially designed according to the size of the solar cell module 8A, and can be controlled by three axes, including the height of the light source, the tilt angle of the solar cell module, the azimuth angle of the solar cell, and the like. 〃 201235669 Interface: A computer for a person (10), which has a human-machine control system for the whole system, and the brain of the computer system, which cooperates with the human-machine interface software 21 to command the instrument in the system. Whether it is effective, measuring shell / 4, tree calculation and analysis, verification screen or output to other peripherals; official; electricity = test = display in the face of the face of the face (both are not two;) electric fine 2 ° step-step - (d) the motor _ if not limited to

Accept the drive of the electric machine and execute the three-axis ίί ^20 of the machine (4) to generate the required artificial environment test/electricity, the second output degree, the temperature, the tilt angle and the azimuth angle, etc. Affecting the solar energy ί ° The programmable _« generates a package: a light source circuit 41; a temperature control circuit 42; and a drive circuit 43. ^ The light source dimming circuit 41 is rotated to the computer 2 (10) to receive the illuminance sent by the computer 20 and the root turning command is used to adjust the output power of the driving circuit and the input illuminance of the light source 50; The temperature control circuit is connected to the electric power, and is used to cooperate with the driving circuit 43 to control the height of the light source 5〇 to increase or decrease the temperature; and the driving circuit 43' is connected to the computer. In addition to the control of the 2-axis direction, the angle of inclination and azimuth command are also used to control the motor 3Q, and the inclination angle and azimuth angle of the entire test frame 10 are simplified. The light source 50 is placed on the frame 1 (), and is controlled by the power to output a light source of different illumination to the solar battery module 8 to be tested. The sensing device 60 is disposed on the frame 10 and coupled to the computer 2 to sense the illumination produced by the light source 50 and the temperature of the current test environment. The sensing device 60 is, for example but not limited to, an illuminometer or an infrared camera. The programmable load 70, such as but not limited to an electronic load, has a GpiB interface (not shown) and is connected to the computer through the GPIB interface. By means of the program setting method, the load value of the electronic load 70 can be automatically changed to provide different negative 201235669 to the solar cell module 80, so that the voltage and current of the operating point can be continuously measured. The spear/·the difference in the curve ο The multi-function digital meter 90, via the -GPiB interface (Fig. 20, used to measure the solar cell module under different loads) ^== , flow = and will measure The output voltage and current value are sent back to the electrical storage. After all the test points are stored, according to the stored reading data = group X, the _ but not the curve, the different angles of the miscellaneous curve and the partial concealment The best health point in the environment. 4 out of all kinds of work The camera 1GG, via - turn (not shown) _ good Taiwan hardware device is working properly. When there is a "shape", the user can perform emergency treatment from the top of the electricity to avoid the occurrence of disasters. In addition, the side camera 100 can also detect the fatigue product. η海=贝料取取卡110' Each device and equipment 9〇, 1〇〇 and the computer such as contact ditch = bridge, 'different instruments and equipment, although the communication interface is not the same, but as long as they understand the protocol, or the software crane provided by the instrument H program The interface software 2 can control each instrument. The person who writes the & f maximum power tracker 120 is used to maximize the output power of the solar cell module 80 in various environments, and the working performance can be maximized. In the verification platform, the evaluation: the output power of the solar cell module 80 in various working environments can be compared with the best-average security points previously measured. The switches 121 and 122 are used. In order to switch the load of the solar cell module 8〇, a two-degree portable load 70 or a combination of the maximum power tracker 120 and the programmable load 7〇 can be combined. The solar cell module 80 is placed on the platform 11 On, then = kg to test the environmental conditions, including the illumination, temperature, and angle settings; = trial program = fixed, the program environment, the new source will generate the required test source according to the command 'if the test produced The source is incorrect. It needs to be recalibrated to correct the test source to 201235669. Set the opening 121 _ load to the programmable load 70. Short delay === After the battery module responds stably, then it can be one by one. Point battery module 80 outputs the illuminance, reduction, and temperature under the quotation, (4) line: ρ = curve and partial _ _ curve, to find the best working point of various working conditions and soft in the human-machine interface On the gamma, the slaves, m, 122, so that the reading can be powered by the high-power chasing sugar 2_Hai Ke program negative serial combination, and borrowed ί == Yang Er battery module 80 load output power. The maximum: Each ==:tr==(4) (4) The back of the wire is measured: Figure 2 shows the operation flow chart of the verification platform of Figure 1. As shown in Figure 2, the == process includes: initialization and self-test (Step a); setting the test procedure (step rate chase (recording characteristic curve (step d); Test the maximum power (the illusion, and the accuracy of the nose maximum power tracker (step f). In step a, in order to ensure the reliability and quasi-mixing of the measurement data, it is necessary to wait until all instruments and equipments have been tested. Go to step b. , ' f f b b ' by setting the test program on the man-machine interface, including the number of test points 疋 'different characteristic curve measurement settings, there are two main types: Η characteristic curve [, -V characteristics The curve, followed by the environmental conditions of the required test, including the setting of the production, temperature and angle. ', and in step, the programmable environment state generation source 40 will generate the desired test Wei according to the program settings, if generated The job environment is no longer - the second revision _ test ring is so clear. New work. Ten different "in step d" short delay so that the solar cell module 8 should be stabilized, then the output voltage and current can be measured, and finally the IV characteristic curve of the set illumination, angle and degree can be extracted. , p_y characteristic curve, and display or store printing on the man-machine interface." 8 201235669 Guaranteed to follow the butterfly 嶋 _ _ can be confirmed in step f, the measurement results obtained from step d to store her measurement results compared Calculate the maximum rate. The result can also be displayed or stored on the human machine interface for printing. In the field of hiding the parameters, in the case of splitting and shouting, the circuit of === is sufficient, but the equivalent circuit model of the fine peak is used.

Rs is used to describe this-voltage drop effect. In addition, it is difficult to use a parallel circuit, the equivalent circuit of the leakage current ueakage resistance of the battery edge, and the Rs in the age of the cake does not contain the two Rp usually have higher values. - several TMΩ, and vD::::fR: the law of the current of the charge _^

Id = ls(EXP[(V+IRs)/nVT]-1), that is, « = ^h-ISfEXPKV+IRsynVTMHV+IRsVRp (1) ^中/s W series resistance of the internal resistance and electrode resistance, etc. The short circuit current of = will be smaller, but the output will be hardly opened, and the larger the RP resistance, the smaller the open circuit voltage of the output will be. To use the formula (1) to describe the solar cell characteristics not = 2 parameters, namely U, ls, n, Rp > Rs, using the five-cell battery characteristics of the present invention to automatically make the line, to estimate the parameters of the five parameters to be as shown in the figure 2 1.) Under the illuminance and temperature conditions to be operated, the personal environment state generates the source 4 to generate the test source of the input command f, and the voltage and current (ι-ν) characteristics under the operating conditions are tested by the 201235669 system. The curve is shown in Figure 5. (2) (3) The polar body mathematical model (square 2.) takes a specific 5 points from the curve as shown in Fig. 5, the short-circuit current point μ% (丨%, 〇), Voc/2 point Pj(li, Vi) , the maximum power point Pmp (| mp, Vmp >, pk (| k, Vk) point, open circuit voltage point Poc (0, Voc), where V, = Voc / 2 Vk = (Vmp + Voc) / 2 and utilize five The specific parameter for calculating the single-program (1) in this case is ph *sc

Rs = (Voc - vk) / lk = (Voc - Vmp) / 2lk Rp = Vi / (lsc - |j) = Voc / 2 (lsc - li)

Is = (lsc - Voc/ Rp)/(EXP|y〇c/nNsVT]-1) n ~ kjlph + kc = -0.229lPh+2.275 (4) where ls is the diode saturation current, IS^PV mode The number of sets of ceu series is the ideality factor, and the ideal factor is related to the photocurrent 丨(%''丨sc)'. For the solar module (SANY0 HIp_21〇NHE1) used for testing, lph relationship As shown in Fig. 6, the relational constants ki and kc are as shown in equation (4): 3.) After obtaining the five parameters (丨, Rs, Rp, 丨s, n) in the case of the operation, Go to equation (1) to get a single diode mathematical model of the PV module. Private online! In the electrical system of the raw system, in order to obtain the maximum power of the load, it is usually carried out. When the load is matched, the load resistance is equal to the internal resistance of the power supply system, and the load will obtain the maximum power. Consider Figure 7 for the simplified circuit of the system. The output impedance of the pseudo-positive solar module is RpV, and the equivalent impedance of the load is rl. Because the load power pL is pL= I2Rl = Vs2RL/(Rpv+RL)2 (5) The maximum output power will occur at 3PL/3RL = ο, ie ^PL/aRL = vs2(rpv.rl)/(rpv+Rl)3 = 0 (6) Therefore, as shown by equation (6), when RPV = Rl, the output power will be the largest. However, for the 201235669 solar cell, due to the condition of the solar cell's wheel strength and the temperature of the solar cell itself, it is changing at any time, plus the output load is blocked, if the solar cell is directly connected to the load: The maximum efficiency of the solid pool has been reduced by 2 ° and the partial energy loss to the 2 converter to convert the maximum power of the solar cell to the load end, you = y rati. 'd) 'to achieve the change of the converter input impedance of the head (4) read at the most light, the correction of the solar mode * shown as a boost dc_dc converter, when operating in continuous current mode (when its input and output voltage The relationship is based on the inductance volt-second product-flat v〇/vg = 1/(1-0) liver (four), can be paid, set the converter without any power loss, then the input power is equal to (transmission) power machine = P. Then the relationship between voltage and current and duty cycle is l〇/lin = Vg/V〇= 1-D (8). For the sun's largest god tracking line, if Rin is the impedance of the solar cell, _L is fixed. The load impedance is obtained by changing the duty cycle D.

Rin = Vg/Iin = V〇(1-D)/[l0/(1-D)] = Rl(1-D)2 (9) Therefore, it can be known from equation (9) that the maximum power output of the solar cell is obtained. Only need to adjust the transistor (4) JL for the period D, you can change the input impedance of the solar cell to equal the load resistance 'to enable the solar cell to operate at the maximum power point. However, for the boost-type switching state: in the actual operation, due to the loss effect caused by the inductance, capacitance, switch and the parasitic element t of the diode, v〇A/g will decrease when D approaches 丨. And in the high duty cycle, the utilization of the switch is quite low. FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a maximum power tracker 12, which includes a digital signal controller dsPIC30F4011 1201, a MOSFET driving isolation circuit 1202, a DC voltage converter 12〇3, and a load current feedback circuit 1204. And a load circuit 11 201235669 pressure feedback circuit 1205. The digital §fL^ tiger control dsPIC30F4011 1201 determines the duty cycle of a PWM signal according to the current and voltage fed back by the load current feedback circuit 1204 and the load voltage feedback circuit 1205 and outputs it to the MOSFET drive isolation circuit 1202. The MOSFET drive isolation circuit 1202 is coupled between the digital signal controller dsPIC30F4011 1201 and the DC voltage converter 1203 to improve the driving capability while avoiding short circuit problems caused by common grounding. The DC voltage converter 1203 is a boost DC converter for modulating the operating point of the solar cell module 80.

The load current feedback circuit 1204 and the load voltage feedback circuit 1205 are used to feedback the current and voltage of the programmable load 70. “The maximum power tracker 120 in Figure 9 uses the perturbation observation method for maximum power point tracking. It uses the built-in A/D module of the digital signal controller dsPIC30F4011 to capture the load of the cake and the load. For power shutdown, the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) = 20% and output a PWM signal (Step 2 takes the voltage and current and sets it to V., !. (Step 3); Calculate p. Adjust. ('♦: Increase please (Na); Read voltage, The current is set to %, Μ step ^ δ 鼻 nose Pi = Vi * Ii (step 7); and dynamically adjust DUTY (step 8). In operation, 'maximum power chasing the size of the smart to change the solar energy The output of the battery and the output current g. The output power before and after the DUTY change of the brigade Y is greater than the original output power after the step-by-step operation, and then the second variable f is smaller than the change before the change. Need to change the turbulence, quantity, and comparison 'to make Taiyi so that users can get started quickly and have people The modernization and modernization interface is mandatory for 2012.35. The invention uses LabVIEW to write system control programs and human-machine interfaces. LabVIEW uses engineering-specific terminology, and its content and ideas are similar to professional simulation programs. The concept of "data flow" breaks the traditional thinking mode, which allows the programmer to complete the writing of the program while completing the flow chart design, and complete the system establishment in a short time. It can be easily established based on the virtual in the LabvIEW environment. The user interface of the Virtual Instrument (VI) concept, LabVIEW also integrates all hardware communication interfaces, including (3) ratio, RS-232, RS-485, USB, TCP, DAQ card and so on.

Figure 11 shows the main operation setting page of Wei, which is divided into five human-machine interfaces, which are setting page, measurement page, temperature compensation page, reading page, and tracker page. Users can switch between different pages through the five buttons at the top of the screen. In the setting of the lamp surface, the system time, the surface of the site, the storage source, the source related setting and the related communication of the instrument 11 are included in the system, which includes the model of the module to be tested and Related data, =糸 parameter, characteristic curve and measurement result, and fine calculation value of i to r Wei is the parameter of the solar cell module given by Xiangyuan factory, and the parameter change caused by the rise of the dish degree; user The experimental data stored in the program can be directly displayed on the screen without f heavy t. Finally, it is the stomach surface of Jue H, which contains the accuracy of the thief j = device. According to the visual human-machine interface adopted by the invention, the various functions of the system are operated, so that the operation is fast and easy. The case was revealed, the miscellaneous good _, the track change ===== miscellaneous · Huiyi people «_ knower: are not inconsistent with the Chen's case, regardless of the purpose, the technical characteristics of the knowledge, and ϋ ϋ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' _, and pray for an early patent, Yan Jiahui 13 201235669 [Schematic description of the drawings] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the maximum power chasing embodiment of the solar energy system of the present invention. Tracer Verification Platform One is better. Figure 2 is a green flow chart of the verification platform of Figure 1. FIG. 3 illustrates an equivalent circuit model including two resistors. Figure 4 shows the modeling of solar module characteristic parameters. Figure 5% shows an I-V characteristic curve. Figure 6 shows an n-U relationship curve. Figure 7 shows a simplified model of the system.

Figure 8% shows the circuit diagram of the boost dc-dc converter. Figure 9 is a block diagram of a maximum power tracker system. FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing a disturbance observation algorithm. Figure 11 is a continuation of the main page of the system operation and setting of the present invention. [Description of main component symbols] Rack 10 Bracket 12 Computer 20 Motor 30 Platform 11 Pulley 13 Human Machine Interface Software 21

Programmable environment state generation source 40 Light source dimming circuit 41 Drive circuit 43 Sensing device 60 Solar battery module 8〇 Camera 100 Maximum power tracker 12〇 Digital signal controller dsPIC30F4011 1201 MOSFET drive isolation circuit 12〇2 DC voltage conversion 12〇3 Temperature control circuit 42 Light source 50 Program load 70 Multi-function digital meter 90 Data capture card 110 Switch 121, 122 14 201235669 Load current feedback circuit 1204 Load voltage feedback circuit 1205

Claims (1)

201235669 VII. Patent application scope: ^一^ Solar power supply system maximum power tracker verification platform, which has a computer with a graphical human-machine interface for users to operate; a test platform for accommodating a solar energy a module and providing a display port to generate the illuminance and temperature; a variable load unit connected to the solar module and the electric county, and having a maximum power tracker, wherein the variable load unit Is used to make the load of the module too, or to combine the maximum power tracker with the series of load and load to become the load of the solar module; and..., ▲ 夕 功The digital meter 'measures the current and voltage of the programmable load, and transmits the current and voltage values to the computer. The solar power supply pure maximum power tracking described in item 1 of the ship patent scope is δ and σ, wherein the computer further has a data capture card. 201235669 The tracer is straightened wherein the variable load unit further has a -switch circuit. The maximum power chasing of the solar power supply mentioned in item 1 of the trace is 1 击 IEW program by the graphical human-machine interface. Tracer verification; its power supply maximum power chasing USB, TCP, or _ 勉 interface GPIB, RS-232, RS-Na, 17