201211494 六、發明說明： 本申請案主張2010年7月14曰申請之美國臨時專利申請 案序號61/364,263，標題「用於彈匣之具輪廓化厚度的毛201211494 VI. INSTRUCTIONS: This application claims U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/364,263, filed on Jul. 14, 2010, entitled "The contoured thickness of the magazine for the magazine."
^ (CONTOURED THICKNESS BLANK FOR AMMUNITION CARTRIDGES」的優先權，將其揭示内容以引用的方式併 入本文。 【先前技術】 〇 〇 彈藥包括各封裝子彈、火藥及引物之通常由黃銅製成之 金屬盒或E。所形成之填充g係精確配合火器之燃燒室。 -般悉知製造該等黃銅£包括將_重規（heavy.·㈣黃 銅杯退火及將該杯深拉通過多級壓製配置成為匿之最終形 狀。對於黃銅之加工進-步包括於拉伸及再拉伸加工中拉 延㈣壁，以使該等壁相對於基座具錐度，且於該等深拉 加工間進行多次中間退火。 具有足夠低的加卫硬化速率及低摩擦力之黃銅係可用於 多重退火及側壁拉延加工，且係適用於此種包括重 Γί深拉加工。相比之下，鋼具有諸如高加工硬化速 率、面強度及高摩擦力之性質。該等性質可導致磨損 =題’其等-般使得模壽命減短及使於重複再拉伸及退 火乂驟期間的重型側壁拉延變困難且—般不可行。 雖然已使用碳鋼來形成匣，作 塗層以防止生鏽。 c川包括上壞或施用保護 【實施方式】 雖然本說明書以特定指出且明確主張本發明之申請專利 157577.doc 201211494 範圍結束，但咸信本發明將可 人 下描述獲得更佳的瞭解，在 附圖之特疋實例之以 相同的元件。相中類似之參考數字指示 圖式不意欲以任何方式具限 t 且其涵盍可以多種j： 他方式（包括不一定描述於哕 夕禋 之不同實施例。併人本詞=式中之彼稽施本發明 祈入本㈣t中且構成本說明書—部 附圖繪不本發明之數個態樣，且其連同描述用以說明本發 明之原理；^ ’應明瞭本發明並不受限於所示之精魏 置。 本發明特定實例之以下描述不應用以限制本發明之範 圍。熟習此項相關技術者可自以下描述明瞭本發明之其他 實例、特徵、態樣、實施例及優點。如當瞭解，本發明可 具有均不脫離本發明之其他不同及明顯的態樣。因此，該 等圖式及描述實際上應視為例示性而非限制性。 毛坯 圖1繪不處於第一狀態之例示性匣坯（1〇)，及圖2繪示例 如於第一拉伸操作之後其處於第二狀態作為經拉伸成圓柱 形之£ (12)。圖1顯示經形成為如進一步說明於下之第一狀 態之例示性具輪廓化厚度之毛坯（1〇)，其具有令心鈕粒 (14)及外區（16)。該較厚之中心鈕粒（14)成為該第二狀態中 圓柱形匣之基座。將外區（16)減小至鈕粒（14)厚度之最少 5 0°/。’從而可在將匣〇2)拉伸成圓柱型時使侧壁拉延最小 化。如圖2所示，及如以下所述’圖1之毛柱（1 〇)係經進一 步加工形成圖2之匣（12)，使得鈕粒（14)成為圓柱形匣（12) 157577.doc 201211494 之基座（18)。 毛坯⑽可由包括（但*限於）奥氏體（austenhi c)不錄鋼 之金屬形成。熟習此項相關技術者悉知奥氏體不鏽鋼。其 為包含鉻與鎳之合金，具有奥氏體作為主要相。相較於其 他鋼’此合金顯示高延展性，低屈服應力，&高抗拉強 度。特定言之，可使用與ASTM 3〇1型類似之奥氏體不鏽 鋼（添有CU) ^奥氏體不鏽鋼組成可（例如）包含約〇 〇45重量 %以下之C，0.60重量％以下之Si，約0 03重量％至〇 〇6重量 0/〇之N2 ’約1 ·〇重量％至約i .4重量％之Mn，約丨7 2重量％至 約17_8重量％2Cr，約3J重量％至約34重量％2Cu，約81 重量％至約8.4重量％之Ni，0.035重量％以下之p，〇 〇〇2重 量％以下之S及0.4重量％以下之Mo。或者，奥氏體不鏽鋼 組成可（例如）包含約0.035重量％之C，0.45重量％ Si , 0·045重里％N2’1.2重量％Mn’17·5重量％CI，3.25重量 °/〇 Cu ’ 8.25重量％ Ni，低重量百分率之p及s各者，及〇 2 重量％ Mo。上述組成示於下表1中，其中最大量。 表1 :奥氏體不鏽鋼之化學組成（依重量百分比測得） C Si n2 Μη Cr Cu Ni P S Mo 範圍 0.045M 0.60M .03/.06 1.0/1.4 17.2/17.8 3.1/3.4 8.1/8.4 •035M .002M 0.4M 目標 0.035 0.45 0.045 1.2 17.5 3.25 8.25 低 低 0.2 於冷軋及退火條件下，此種奥氏體不鏽鋼可具有包括以 下之機械性質：0.2%屈服強度=3 1.5 ksi ;最終抗拉強度 (UTS)=77.5 ksi ;總斷裂伸長率（基於2”之原始計量長 度）=52.5°/。，及η值（10%至最終）=0.404，及硬度為68 157577.doc 201211494 HRBW。該等性質可自依據ASTM e 8及A 37〇進行之標準 單軸拉伸試驗獲得。n值或應變硬化指數係同時獲得，但 測疋方法涵盡於A S Τ Μ E 6 4 6下。例如，下述實例中所測試 之材料及上述奥氏體不鑛鋼可經溶融，於約225〇卞至約 2320°F之間熱軋，於約1950Τ至約2000Τ之間進行板條退 火，冷軋，及最終於約1950。？下退火。 毛述可藉由技藝中悉知之任何方法製得。圖3至7緣示製 呈其第一狀態之毛坯（1 〇)之方法。於其第一狀態中該 等毛坯可包括環繞鈕粒（14)之外區（16)，以使外區（16)具有 介於中心紐粒（14)厚度之约50%至80%範圍内之厚度。例 如’如圖2所示之側壁（2〇)可介於約0〇15至〇〇25英寸範圍 内’及基座（18)可具有大於該側壁厚度之厚度。於使外區 (1 6)自圖1之第一狀態設置成圖2之第二狀態（其中外區（16) 形成側壁（20))之成型製程期間，此種較大的對比厚度需要 最小的拉延。於另一實例中，該等毛坯可包括環繞鈕粒 (14)之外區（16)，以使外區（16)具有介於中心鈕粒（14)厚度 之約50°/。至60%範圍内之厚度。 毛坯可如圖3或圖4中所示進行旋轉成型。參照圖3，輥 壓機之臂（22)可包括軸件（24)及頭（26)且係繞著軸件（2句之 各別縱軸線（A)旋轉。各頭（26) 一般係梯形，然熟習此項相 關技術者可明瞭其他形狀。頭（26)包括第一大體水平的毛 坯接觸面（28)、相對之第二面（3〇)及於第一及第二面（28、 30)之各別末端處置於其間之第三及第四面（32、34)。第三 及第四面（32、34)大致係彼此平行，及軸線係實質上垂 157577.doc 201211494 直於第三及第四面（；32、34)。 毛坯（ίο)包括機械接觸面（36)及相對之底面（38)。面 (36、38)係大致彼此平行配置。毛述（1〇)包括實質上垂直 於頭接觸面（3 6 )之中心軸線（B )。毛链（】〇)係繞著中心抽線 ⑻旋轉’同時輥壓機之—或多條臂（22)係繞著各別縱轴線 (A)旋轉，以使旋轉臂（22)之頭（26)之毛坯接觸面（28)靠著 毛坯（1〇)之機械接觸面（36)加工而形成鈕粒（14)及外區 (16)，鈕粒（14)具有較外區（16)大之厚度。或者，臂可 旋轉而毛坯（10)保持不動。 或者，如圖4所示，輥壓機可包括具有縱軸線（C)之軸件 (42)及例如可如箭頭（D)方向所示繞著軸件（42)之縱軸線 旋轉之環形臂（44)。形成毛坯（丨〇)以使包括如上所述之鈕 粒（14)及外區（16)，於此例示性形式中係由於旋轉臂（4句之 部份靠著毛坯（1〇)之機械接觸面（36)加工，同時毛坯（1〇)係 繞著中心軸線（B)旋轉。或者，臂（44)可旋轉而毛述（1 〇)保 持不動。 毛这可藉由冷成型、溫成型、熱成型或於直壓縮負載下 鍛造而壓縮成型。如圖5所示，可將毛坯（10)置於壓力機 (50)之下區塊（48)之上表面（46)上。壓力機（50)之上區塊 (52)可包括第一部份（54)、第二部份（56)及第三部份（58)， 其中第二部份（56)係位於第一及第三部份（54 ’ 58)之間。 第一及第三部份（54，58)之形狀可實質上為矩形或正方 形，然其他形狀亦係於本發明之範圍内。第一及第三部份 (54，58)可具有實質的線性底面，以當於箭頭（E)之方向驅 157577.doc 201211494 動犄抵罪毛坯（1 〇)壓縮而形成 X ^ ΒΑ 风外£(丨6)。第二部份（56)包括 界疋孔（66)之壁（60、62、64)，f — .,. )/、經疋尺寸及組態以抿靠 毛坯（1〇)壓縮而形成鈕粒（14) _罪 ^ ^ ^ 使壓力機之該兩半體以本 技藝中悉知之方式纟且奘右 式、且式在—起而形成毛趣（1〇)。 此外’該方法可涉及採用二握 _ 用—模壓縮工具設計。第一及第 二模可看來類似於圖5所示 固疗不除了頂部壓力機之下表面可 如圖6所示相對底部壓力機 上表面傾斜之外。例如，圖5 ，.不介於頂部及底部壓力機 _ ^ ^ 一 叫、间之十坦平仃表面。圖6顯 不於頂部與底部壓力機之間呈 _ J，、百非千仃表面之模。例如， 如圖6中以虛線顯示，第一描·4 k 模了包括用於底部壓力機（126) 的平坦上表面（124)。該第—模可額外包括相對底部麗力機 (叫之平坦上表面（124)以角度（N)傾斜之頂㈣力機（ 之傾斜下表面（128) 〇角；^ 又（）了例如為1度，以致在兩個麼 賴呈壓縮狀態時頂部壓力機之傾斜下表面之外端自底部 屋力機之上表面移除約0-018"。或者角度⑻可介於約 0.1度至約5度範圍内。例如，增加斜率以經由第—及第二 M W個成㈣段可幫助毛崎料向外流動，由於材料 可藉由上述頂㈣力機之下表面相對於底部壓力機之上表 面之傾斜而更缓慢移動且向外施壓。 或者’可使用如圖7所示之例示性磨削操作來形成毛述 (10)。毛述㈤）可藉由向下力（F)吸力或真空固定至下區塊 (68)。如圖7所示，臂（7〇)包括其中延伸穿過有軸件π)之 中心孔(72)。軸件(74)包括實質上水平之縱轴⑼，軸件 (74)係以箭頭(H)之方向繞其旋轉。藉由(例如)囉合齒輪機 157577.doc 201211494 構（未顯示）之此種旋轉可如箭頭⑴所示實質上垂直於軸 (74)之縱軸(G)之方向中產生上部及下部垂直移動。或者 軸件⑽可於實質上垂直於軸線⑼之方向中非旋轉移動以 達成臂（70)之類似移動。將臂（7〇)移至一位置，以抵靠毛 述（10)磨削而在毛:¾ (1G)例如於箭頭⑺之方向繞著中心轴 線⑻旋轉時產生外區（16)。另外及/或替代性地，臂（7〇)可^ (CONTOURED THICKNESS BLANK FOR AMMUNITION CARTRIDGES), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. [Prior Art] 〇〇 ammunition includes a metal case usually made of brass for each package of bullets, gunpowder and primers. Or E. The resulting filling g is precisely matched to the combustion chamber of the firearm. - It is generally known that the manufacture of such brasses includes the annealing of the heavy gauge (heavy cup) and the deep drawing of the cup through a multi-stage pressing configuration. The final shape of the obscuration. The step of processing the brass includes drawing the walls in the stretching and re-stretching process so that the walls are tapered relative to the base and between the deep drawing processes. Multiple intermediate annealing. Brass with a low enough hardening rate and low friction can be used for multiple annealing and sidewall drawing processing, and is suitable for this type of deep drawing process. Has properties such as high work hardening rate, surface strength and high friction. These properties can lead to wear and tears, which are such that the die life is shortened and the heavy sidewalls are made during repeated re-stretching and annealing cycles. The elongation is difficult and generally not feasible. Although carbon steel has been used to form ruthenium, it is coated to prevent rust. cchuan includes damage or application protection [Embodiment] Although the specification specifically points out and explicitly claims the invention The application of the patent 157577.doc 201211494 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety herein in the in Any method has a limit of t and its meaning can be a variety of j: other ways (including different embodiments not necessarily described in the 哕 禋 。 并 并 并 并 = = = = 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施 施The description of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. The following description is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and other embodiments, features, aspects, embodiments, and advantages of the invention may be The drawings and the description are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The blank Figure 1 depicts an exemplary blank that is not in the first state ( 1), and FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which it is in a second state after the first stretching operation as a stretched into a cylindrical shape (12). Figure 1 shows a first state formed as further illustrated below. An exemplary contoured blank (1 inch) having a button core (14) and an outer zone (16). The thicker center button (14) becomes a cylindrical shape in the second state. The pedestal reduces the outer zone (16) to a minimum of 50° of the thickness of the button (14). This minimizes sidewall drawing when the 匣〇2) is stretched into a cylindrical shape. As shown in Fig. 2, and as described below, the hair column (1 〇) of Fig. 1 is further processed to form the 匣 (12) of Fig. 2, so that the button granule (14) becomes a cylindrical 匣 (12) 157577.doc Base of 201211494 (18). The blank (10) may be formed from a metal including, but not limited to, austenhi c unrecorded steel. Those skilled in the art are aware of austenitic stainless steels. It is an alloy containing chromium and nickel and has austenite as a main phase. Compared to other steels, this alloy exhibits high ductility, low yield stress, & high tensile strength. Specifically, an austenitic stainless steel similar to ASTM Type 3〇1 (with CU added) can be used. The austenitic stainless steel composition can, for example, contain about 5% by weight or less of C, and 0.60% by weight or less of Si. , about 0 03% by weight to 〇〇6 weight 0/〇N2 'about 1 · 〇% by weight to about 1.4% by weight of Mn, about 272% by weight to about 17_8% by weight of 2Cr, about 3J% by weight To about 34% by weight of 2Cu, from about 81% by weight to about 8.4% by weight of Ni, 0.035% by weight or less of p, 〇〇〇2% by weight or less of S and 0.4% by weight or less of Mo. Alternatively, the austenitic stainless steel composition may, for example, comprise about 0.035 wt% C, 0.45 wt% Si, 0. 045 wt% N2 '1.2 wt% Mn '17 · 5 wt% CI, 3.25 wt ° / 〇 Cu ' 8.25 wt% Ni, low weight percent p and s, and 〇2 wt% Mo. The above composition is shown in Table 1 below, with the largest amount. Table 1: Chemical composition of austenitic stainless steel (measured by weight percentage) C Si n2 Μη Cr Cu Ni PS Mo Range 0.045M 0.60M .03/.06 1.0/1.4 17.2/17.8 3.1/3.4 8.1/8.4 •035M .002M 0.4M Target 0.035 0.45 0.045 1.2 17.5 3.25 8.25 Low 0.2 Under cold rolling and annealing conditions, this austenitic stainless steel may have the following mechanical properties: 0.2% yield strength = 3 1.5 ksi; final tensile strength (UTS) = 77.5 ksi; total elongation at break (based on the original gauge length of 2" = 52.5 ° /., and η (10% to final) = 0.404, and hardness of 68 157577.doc 201211494 HRBW. The properties can be obtained from standard uniaxial tensile tests in accordance with ASTM e 8 and A 37. The n value or strain hardening index is obtained simultaneously, but the method of measurement is carried out under AS Τ Μ E 6 4 6. For example, The material tested in the examples and the austenitic non-mineral steel may be melted, hot rolled between about 225 Å and about 2320 °F, and slab annealed and cold rolled between about 1950 Å and about 2000 Torr. And finally annealing at about 1950. The hair can be made by any method known in the art. Figures 3 to 7 illustrate the method of forming a blank (1 〇) in its first state. In its first state, the blanks may include an outer zone (16) surrounding the button (14) to allow the outer zone ( 16) having a thickness ranging from about 50% to 80% of the thickness of the center spherule (14). For example, the side wall (2 〇) as shown in Fig. 2 may range from about 0 〇 15 to 〇〇 25 inches. The inner portion and the base (18) may have a thickness greater than the thickness of the side wall. The outer region (16) is set from the first state of FIG. 1 to the second state of FIG. 2 (where the outer region (16) forms a sidewall ( In the molding process of 20)), such a large contrast thickness requires a minimum draw. In another example, the blanks may include an outer zone (16) surrounding the button (14) to allow the outer zone ( 16) having a thickness ranging from about 50°/. to 60% of the thickness of the center button (14). The blank can be rotationally formed as shown in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4. Referring to Fig. 3, the arm of the roller press (22) may include a shaft member (24) and a head (26) and rotate around the shaft member (the respective longitudinal axes (A) of the two sentences. The heads (26) are generally trapezoidal, but those skilled in the art are familiar with Can understand other shapes The head (26) includes a first substantially horizontal blank contact surface (28), a second opposite surface (3〇), and a third end disposed between the respective ends of the first and second surfaces (28, 30) And the fourth side (32, 34). The third and fourth faces (32, 34) are substantially parallel to each other, and the axis is substantially 155577.doc 201211494 straight to the third and fourth faces (; 32, 34) . The blank (ίο) includes a mechanical contact surface (36) and an opposite bottom surface (38). The faces (36, 38) are arranged substantially parallel to each other. The description (1〇) includes a central axis (B) substantially perpendicular to the head contact surface (36). The hair chain ()〇) is rotated around the center drawing line (8) while the roller presser or the plurality of arms (22) are rotated about the respective longitudinal axis (A) to make the head of the rotating arm (22) The blank contact surface (28) of (26) is processed by the mechanical contact surface (36) of the blank (1) to form the button granule (14) and the outer zone (16), and the button granule (14) has a relatively outer zone (16). The thickness of the big. Alternatively, the arm can be rotated and the blank (10) remains stationary. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 4, the roller press can include a shaft member (42) having a longitudinal axis (C) and an annular arm rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the shaft member (42), for example, as indicated by the direction of arrow (D). (44). A blank (丨〇) is formed to include the button granule (14) and the outer zone (16) as described above, in this exemplary form due to the rotating arm (a portion of the 4-segment against the blank (1 〇)) The contact surface (36) is machined while the blank (1〇) is rotated about the central axis (B). Alternatively, the arm (44) can be rotated and the hair (1 〇) remains stationary. The hair can be cold formed and warmed. Molded, thermoformed or forged under direct compression load and compression molded. As shown in Figure 5, the blank (10) can be placed on the upper surface (46) of the block (48) below the press (50). The upper portion (52) of the machine (50) may include a first portion (54), a second portion (56) and a third portion (58), wherein the second portion (56) is located at the first Between the third portion (54 '58). The shapes of the first and third portions (54, 58) may be substantially rectangular or square, and other shapes are also within the scope of the invention. The three parts (54, 58) can have a substantially linear bottom surface to drive the 157577.doc 201211494 in the direction of the arrow (E) to suppress the blank (1 〇) compression to form X ^ ΒΑ wind outside £ (丨6) . The two parts (56) include the walls (60, 62, 64) of the boundary pupil (66), f — ., . ) /, and the size and configuration of the warp are compressed by the blank (1〇) to form the button. (14) _ sin ^ ^ ^ The two halves of the press are made in the manner known in the art, and the right type is formed, and the form is formed to form a fascinating (1 〇). Furthermore, the method may involve the design of a two-grip-mode compression tool. The first and second modes may appear similar to those shown in Figure 5 except that the lower surface of the top press may be inclined as opposed to the upper surface of the bottom press as shown in Figure 6. For example, Figure 5, is not between the top and bottom presses _ ^ ^ a call, between the ten tan flat surface. Figure 6 shows a _J, a hundred non-millimeter surface model between the top and bottom presses. For example, as shown in phantom in Figure 6, the first depiction includes a flat upper surface (124) for the bottom press (126). The first mold may additionally include a top bottom force (called a flat upper surface (124) inclined at an angle (N) (four) force machine (the inclined lower surface (128) corner; ^ again () for example 1 degree, so that the outer end of the inclined lower surface of the top press is removed from the upper surface of the bottom of the bottom of the machine when the two are in a compressed state, about 0-018" or the angle (8) may be between about 0.1 degrees to about In the range of 5 degrees. For example, increasing the slope to help the Maosaki material flow outward through the first and second MW into four (four) segments, since the material can be above the bottom press by the top surface of the top (four) force machine The surface is tilted to move more slowly and pressure outwards. Or 'the exemplary grinding operation shown in Figure 7 can be used to form the head (10). The head (5)) can be pulled by the downward force (F) Or vacuum fixed to the lower block (68). As shown in Figure 7, the arm (7'''''''''''''''''''''''' The shaft member (74) includes a substantially horizontal longitudinal axis (9) about which the shaft member (74) rotates in the direction of the arrow (H). Such rotation by, for example, a gear unit 157577.doc 201211494 (not shown) may produce an upper and lower vertical direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (G) of the shaft (74) as indicated by arrow (1). mobile. Alternatively, the shaft member (10) can be non-rotatably moved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis (9) to achieve a similar movement of the arm (70). The arm (7 〇) is moved to a position to produce an outer zone (16) against the hair (10) and to rotate about the central axis (8) in the direction of the hair: 3⁄4 (1G), for example, in the direction of the arrow (7). Additionally and/or alternatively, the arm (7〇) may
於抵靠_⑽磨料產生向下衝程，其可為可 可旋轉的。 、或者’ h圖8所示，毛述可經由旋轉成型操作直接成型 成圓柱形㈣狀。例如，可將諸如毛& (刚)之平坦毛链 (約0·06"厚）於下端支撐結構⑽)上經旋轉成型成圓柱狀。 旋轉機〇〇4)可包括轴件⑽）及自轴件⑽）延伸之臂 (108) ’其共同形成軸件與臂總成⑴q)。軸件與臂總成 (u〇)可繞軸件與臂總成（110)之縱軸線（κ)旋轉及毛链 ⑽）可如圖7所示保持不動或可同時繞毛即⑽)之縱轴線 旋轉。軸件與臂總成⑴〇)可於箭頭（L)之方向中向下移動 以形成圓柱形E (114)之側壁（112)，其於圖7中以虛線顯 示。例如，毛链⑽)之外區⑴6)可沿箭頭⑽之方向向下 成型而形成側壁（Π2)。 或者，如圖9所示，可使用具有頂端寬度小於底端寬度 之輪廓化柱塞（118)，W容許沿著圓柱形匡（122)之長度 (120)呈現厚度變化，此點係最終g形狀所需的。該製程可 以無需額外中間步驟之單一操作進行而得到圓柱狀，此舉 可省去（例如）3至4個中間退火步驟。如下所述，可省去自 157577.doc 201211494 簡單輪廓化平坦毛坯形成圓柱狀另外所需之最初拉伸操作 中之額外三者。視情況，中心鈕粒可以約0.04"厚度硬焊至 約0.020”厚度之圓形平面。 或者，可使用工具（76)以形成毛述。此種工具包括如圖 10所示之插入件（78)及區塊（80)。插入件（78)可例如由D-2 工具鋼製得，並具有2”直徑、3/8”厚之中心板且具有61 HRC之硬度。該等區塊（80)可例如由0-6工具鋼製得並具有 5 9 HRC之硬度。插入件（78)中之至少一者可包括延伸穿過 其中之中心孔（82)。中心孔（82)可例如為0.5'·直徑。區塊 (80)可包括經組態以接納進入區塊（01)之盲孔（86)内之導銷 (84)，儘管導銷（84)可經組態以接納進入界定於區塊（80)中 及延伸穿過區塊（80)之孔内。 另一例示性工具係由卡彭特（Carpenter)883(H1 3型）工具 鋼製得（由 2 Meridian Blvd·, Wyomissing，PA, 19610-1339之 CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION製造），其為 可用於需要極端韋刃性之應用之5 %鉻熱加工工具鋼。例 如，悉知該H13型工具鋼具有可用於熱成型及/或煅造之能 力。利用此種鋼工具，可在室溫下於靜負載下進行成型。 一種選擇係提供該工具以嘗試加熱模及材料。然而，H13 型工具針對冷成型的表現極佳，因為該工具可對負載面抗 破裂及抗變形（即表面係保持平坦及平行的）。 可使用針對該工具之任何形狀，此點可由熟習此項相關 技術者根據本文中之教示而明瞭。例如，該工具可包括經 定尺寸以產生具適宜尺寸之毛述之圓柱形區塊。另一例示 157577.doc -10- 201211494 3·25°/。絡及 ι.4〇/0鉬 性工具可包括S-7，其為具有0.55%碳 之空氣硬化級卫具鋼。可使用任何卫具鋼，如可由熟習此 項相關技術者根據本文中之教示基於諸如成本及期望生產 壽命之因素而明瞭。A downward stroke is produced against the _(10) abrasive, which may be rotatable. Or, as shown in Fig. 8, the hair can be directly formed into a cylindrical shape by a rotational molding operation. For example, a flat chain (for example, 0·06 "thickness) such as a hair & (s) may be rotationally formed into a cylindrical shape on the lower end support structure (10). The rotating machine 〇〇 4) may include a shaft member (10) and an arm (108)' extending from the shaft member (10) which together form a shaft member and an arm assembly (1) q). The shaft member and arm assembly (u〇) can be rotated about the longitudinal axis (κ) of the shaft member and the arm assembly (110) and the chain (10) can be held as shown in Fig. 7 or can be wound at the same time (10). The longitudinal axis rotates. The shaft member and arm assembly (1) 〇) can be moved downward in the direction of the arrow (L) to form a side wall (112) of the cylindrical E (114), which is shown in phantom in Fig. 7. For example, the outer zone (1) 6) of the hair strand (10) may be formed downward in the direction of the arrow (10) to form a side wall (Π2). Alternatively, as shown in Figure 9, a contoured plunger (118) having a tip width less than the width of the bottom end can be used to allow thickness variation along the length (120) of the cylindrical crucible (122), which is the final g The shape is required. The process can be cylindrical without a single operation of additional intermediate steps, which eliminates, for example, 3 to 4 intermediate annealing steps. As described below, the additional three of the initial stretching operations required to simply contour the flat blank into a cylindrical shape from 157577.doc 201211494 can be eliminated. Optionally, the center button granules may be brazed to a circular plane of thickness of about 0.020". Alternatively, a tool (76) may be used to form the head. Such a tool includes an insert as shown in Figure 10 ( 78) and block (80). The insert (78) can be made, for example, of D-2 tool steel and has a 2" diameter, 3/8" thick center plate and has a hardness of 61 HRC. (80) may, for example, be made from 0-6 tool steel and have a hardness of 5 9 HRC. At least one of the inserts (78) may include a central bore (82) extending therethrough. The central bore (82) may For example, 0.5' diameter. The block (80) may include a guide pin (84) configured to receive a blind hole (86) into the block (01), although the guide pin (84) may be configured to The entry is received into a hole defined in the block (80) and extending through the block (80). Another exemplary tool is made of Carpenter 883 (H1 3 type) tool steel (by 2 Meridian) Blvd·, Wyomissing, PA, manufactured by CARPENTER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, 19610-1339, which is a 5% chromium hot work tool steel that can be used in applications requiring extreme edge resistance. For example, It is known that the H13 tool steel has the ability to be used for thermoforming and/or forging. With such a steel tool, it can be molded under static load at room temperature. One option is to provide the tool to attempt to heat the mold and material. However, the H13 tool performs extremely well for cold forming because it can resist cracking and deformation of the load surface (ie the surface is kept flat and parallel). Any shape for the tool can be used, which can be familiar with this The related art will be apparent from the teachings herein. For example, the tool may include a cylindrical block sized to produce a cap of a suitable size. Another example is 157577.doc -10- 201211494 3·25°/ The ι.4〇/0 molybdenum tool may include S-7, which is an air hardened grader steel having 0.55% carbon. Any armor steel may be used, as may be understood by those skilled in the art. The teachings are based on factors such as cost and expected production life.
Ο 上述工具可經熱處理。一種熱處理例示性工具（諸如以 上所提及之Η13紅具）之方法包括將工具密封於不鐵鋼袋 中。該等袋於退火製程期間使工具之表面氧化最小化。在 退火期間應經由蓋或保護裝置具（諸如不鏽鋼袋）以物理方 式或經由受控氛圍以化學方式保護工具防止於退火期間發 生氧化。例如，於受控氛圍中，將不需要該等袋。 將包括工具鋼之該等袋直接置於14〇〇卞之爐中歷時4小 時，以50卞/小時增量自moot加熱達185〇卞，且維持於 1850°F歷時6小時。然後自該爐移去該等袋繼而空氣冷卻 至650 F。於650 F下，將該等袋置於該爐内並以5〇卞/小 時增量冷卻至200°F然後再次空氣冷卻至120卞。藉由將工 具置於1000 F之爐中歷時6小時然後空氣冷卻至室溫而進 行回火。最終，拋光該工具之表面。 關於包括中心孔之工具，區塊之硬度可於約54 Hrc至 63 HRC範圍内’若無中心孔，則硬度可為約48至49。一 般，隨著硬度增加’強度亦增加；然而，材料亦變得較 脆。基於硬度估算之屈服強度可於約200 ksi至220 ksi範圍 内。 雖然以下實例中出示使用工具而無中間退火步驟，但使 用經退火之毛坯而於開始對毛坯之加工操作後無任何其他 157577.doc -11 - 201211494 退火步驟亦係於本發明範圍内。 將毛兹成型成匣之實例 可將圖1之毛域（1〇)成型成如圖2之圓柱形匣（12)所示之 第一狀態，繼而於例如多次拉伸縮減後成型成最終圓柱 型，以獲得最終直壁圓柱體尺寸。例如，對於〇〇1"厚度及 對於毛坯具有2”直徑之具有上述組成之奥氏體不鏽鋼所進 行之加工可於連續成型階段下具有以下結果：（1)拉伸比為 1.7及直徑為1·17”，（2)拉伸比為】·％及直徑為〇 88"，（3)拉 伸比為1.33及直徑為〇·665"，（4)拉伸比為丨33及直徑為 0.500"，及（5)拉伸比為^^及直徑為〇 378”。如上所測得 之拉伸縮減等於各成型階段後之最初直徑/最終直徑。例 如，該五階段連續縮減為熟習技術者已知用於拉伸黃銅 匣，除了如上所述之特定奥氏體不鏽鋼可不需要於該等成 型階段之間之中間退火外。儘管描述五階段製程，但使用 更具主動性之四階段製程及省去該等縮減中之一者（此可 於各階段之後得到2、u、1>4A1.取拉伸比）係於本發 明範圍内。 額外需要的成型操作包括下列：⑴形成縮減頸口直輕 之操作，⑺形Μ邊之操#，及（3)建立經組態以接納例 如引物帽之於該邊中之區域的操作。所採用之成型操作可 為熟習技術者根據本文教示所當明瞭之操作。 實例 以下實例中所描述之毛坯係經預先退火。最初之毛坯係 由經歷5G%至6G%冷縮減接著完全退火之材料形成。 157577.doc 12· 201211494 實例1 成垔製桎係於例如具有比高碳鋼低之強度與更低之加工 八有約0.05至0.15 c範圍之易成型低碳鋼上進行試 驗使用600 Kip Tinius 〇Isen萬能試驗機及硬度區塊於對 低炭鋼進行4驗’例如，最初利用初始具有2 .直徑及 〇.〇4”厚度之毛柱。以1〇〇 Kip開始使該毛链以5〇叫增 量負載’以致最終毛堪為2.22"直徑且中心部分處為〇〇31" 並逐漸減小至具有〇.〇21，，厚度之邊緣及。然後測試具有 1.53直徑之較小毛域，而對等量力得到較高之壓縮應力。 該較小毛坯之最終直徑為17〇"，最終中心厚度為 0.03〇7" ’及最終邊緣厚度為〇 〇16”。 實例2 形成ASTM規格T301不鏽鋼毛坯。儘管該丁3〇1不鏽鋼毛 坯具有較高之加工硬化速率，然該T3〇1不鏽鋼毛坯具有與 上述奥氏體不鏽鋼組成接近之機械性質。該乃〇1不鏽鋼毛 ◎ 坯具有1.53”之最初直徑及〇.〇472”之最初厚度。以1〇〇 Kip 增量達到300 Kip，得到1.625"之最終直徑，〇 〇45”之最終 中心厚度，及0.039”之最終四分之一邊緣厚度。使用硬度 區塊作為壓縮工具’及因此未成形’而係例如實質上平土曰 的。使用硬度區塊係因其等涵蓋於最適用於此應用之硬度 範圍内。所使用之硬度區塊為42 HRC且在成型完成之後略 微變形。以62 HRC之區塊置換此等區塊。重複該製程，負 載達350 Kip，然後於400 Kip下卸載。最終直徑為164"， 且硬度為85至100 HRB。當於1825 F下退火時，硬度降至 157577.doc -13- 201211494 53至58 HRB。於最終負載達400 Kip之後，最終直徑為 1.76"，最終中心厚度為0,043，，，最終邊緣厚度為〇 〇3〇"， 及最終硬度為9〇至93 HRB。62 HRC之硬度區塊最終龜 裂’且預期較厚之區塊可避免該龜裂。稍後使用由S-7工 具鋼製得且產生至高2,400,000 lb之力之其他工具且並未發 生龜裂。 實例3 形成ASTM規格T305不鏽鋼毛坯。以包括一塊平板及一 塊含0.5”直徑中心孔之板之壓縮板置換該硬度區塊。該等 板係自可取得的D-2工具鋼機械加工得。 接著將工具機械加工成包括用來製造鈕粒（丨4)之中心開 口且經設計具有可替換之壓縮插入件。基座係由〇_6工具 鋼製造及插入件係由D-2工具鋼製造，且基座及插入件均 係於5 0 HRC高硬度範圍内。 T305不鏽鋼毛坯係藉由以5〇 Kip增量負载達25〇 Kip而成 型’且於增量之間完全卸載。於3個位置處測定厚度：中 心（「τι」）’距妨粒1/8"處（「T2」），及距外邊緣1/8"處 (「Τ3」）。接著進行最終測定：直徑=1 61"，T1=〇 〇48„， Τ2 = 0.0414"，及 Τ3 = 0_〇39，·。然後將材料負載達 3〇〇 Kip、 350 Kip及400 Kip ’得到以下最終測定：直徑=163", Tl=0.048” ’ T2 = 0.〇40”，及 Τ3=〇〇39”。位置 T2 處之硬度為 約59.3 HRA(96.5 HRB)，及位置Τ3處之硬度為約61 3 HRA(22 HRC)。此測試導致工具龜裂及中心鈕向上壓凹。 該向上壓凹係於壓縮期間將材料壓入敞開區域中之結果。 I57577.doc -14· 201211494 因此，在非所期的幫曲下發生期望之增厚，結果實現具有 較強知工具及控制開口高度之需求。例如，將棒狀物插入 工具插人件中之初料驗開孔中以形成帅且允許存有適 宜之間隙。使用間隔物來控制在垂直方向上工具相對於毛 坯之间度，以防止材料向上彎曲。該高度可固定或可例如 藉由間隔物調整。 實例4 0 於工具之頂端及底端兩者上使用具有0.5"中心開口之板 或插入件以解決壓凹問題。僅於一側上使用控制高度之插 件使具有1.5直徑之另一毛述以5〇 Kip增量負載達 Kip，得到以下最終測定：直徑=1 6"，τι=〇㈣，， Τ2-0.0424 ’及T3=G.G9G，，。丨心紐粒並未嚴重壓凹，然的 確凸起以致頂面無法保持完全平坦。將額外之塾片加至插 入工具中心開口之棒狀物之頂面，以降低該插入件之高度 及向下調整間隙。 0 實例5 使用標準級T 305不鏽鋼鈕粒毛坯。使該等鈕粒於室溫 下冷縮減4次，且於各個壓縮循環之後於185〇卞下進行中 間退火。使該毛坯於第一循環時負載達4〇〇 Kip(表面區域 上之應力為約205 ksi)，然後負載達3〇〇 Kip(表面區域上之 應力為約151 ksi)，接著負載達35〇 Kip(表面區域上之應力 為約148 ksi)，及而後負載達375 Kip(表面區域上之應力為 約155 ksi)。於第四循環之後，測得39·7%之平均薄化率。 對於各退火製程，退火溫度為1825Τ歷時3〇分鐘。 157577.doc -15· 201211494 關於弟一加工操作’最初直徑為1·5"，τΐ、T2及T3之最 初厚度各等於0.047"。該第一加工操作後之最終測定值 為.直徑=1.63"，Τ1=0·048”，Τ2=〇·414”，及 Τ3 = 0·039"。 於97 HRB預退火下及54 HRB下在1825Τ下退火後，測定 Τ2處之硬度。 關於第二加工操作，起始測定值係與上述第一加工操作 之最終測定值相同。該第二加工操作之最終測定值為：直 徑-1.7，Τ1=0·〇486"，Τ2=0.0367”，及 Τ3 = 0·0332”。於 62.5 HRB之Τ2處測定退火後硬度。 關於第三加工操作，起始測定值係與上述第二加工操作 之最終測定值相同。該第三加工操作之最終測定值為：直 徑=1.78"，Τ1=0·〇494” ’ Τ2 = 0.033”，及 Τ3 = 0·0295”。於 88 HRB預退火下及於76 HRB下在1825卞下退火後測定丁二 處之硬度。 關於第四加工操作，起始測定值係與上述第三加工操作 之最終载值相同。該第四加工操作之最終収值為··直 徑=1·86"，Τ1=0.049"，Τ2=〇 〇3〇2,，，及 Τ3 = 〇 〇265，，。 工具之插入件最初係在基座破裂之前於成型製程下龜 裂。所使用之力為至高4G()，_ lb。知粒毛域係自近似約 1.5”擴展至約1·9”且藉由兩次中間退火達到約4〇%之薄化 率 〇 實例6 使上述具低加工硬化特徵之奥氏體不錄鋼組成成型成毛 坯。使奥氏體不鏽鋼縮減至〇〇6〇，，厚度且經退火用於另一 157577.doc -16· 201211494 組試驗。將材料機械加工成1.5"直徑毛坯，於第一壓縮循 環中使其厚度減少約20%。使用根據上述例示性方法熱處 理之工具，及如下所述’使钮粒毛链經歷中間退火且厚度 減小幾倍多。 所採用之順序如下：負載350 Kip之壓縮力然後使材料 於1950°F下退火，接著負載達425 Kip並於1950°F下退 火’接著負載達475 Kip並於1950°F下退火，且最終負載 ❹ 於5〇〇 Kip下並於1950T下退火。於各次縮減之後，447 HRA之初始硬度增加達介於54.2 HRA至約63.5 HRA範圍内 之量，及於各次退火之後，減小至介於4〇6 HRA至44」 HRA範圍内之量，如下表2所示。於第四次退火之後檢驗 晶粒結構’發現其與最初材料之晶粒結構一致。 表2顯示於各次縮減及退火之後所獲得之硬度測定值。 編碼表示所測試之四種不同鈕粒試樣，以致編碼8係指所 測試之第一鈕粒，編碼16係指所測試之第二鈕粒，編碼h 〇 係指所測試之第三鈕粒，及編碼46係指所測試之第四鈕 粒0 157577.doc •17- 201211494 表2 :硬度測定值 硬度 HRA(HRCj -IHlLVliRPi 硬度HRA(HR») 辟度 HRA(HRB) 缩糾 初始=44 7HRA 退火#2 編碼 四分 四分之 一 '邊 四分 之一 邊緣 四分之 一、4 四分 邊緣 四分之 一、邊 邊蝝 四分之 一、逢 蝝之早 和A 均值 均值 均值 …均值 8 61.7(23) 61.8(23) 61.8(23) 43.4(69) 43.4(69) 43.4(69) 56.7(92) 56.8(92) 56.8(92) 42.1(67) 42.5(67) 42.3(67) 16 61.3(22) 63.5(26.5) 614(243) 43.4(69) 43.3(69) 43.4(69) 56.9(92) 55.8(90) 56.4(91) 42.4(67) 42.8(68) 42.6(68) 35 61.0(21) 61.8(23) 61.4(22) 44,1(70) 43.8(70) 44.0(70) 58.3(95) 59.5(97) 58.9(96) 42.3(67) 41.9(66) 42.1(67) 46 61.3(22) 61.7(23) 61.5(22) 43.6(69) 43.6(69) 43.6(69) 59.1(96) 59.0(96) 59.0(96) 42.6(68) 42.9(66) 42.7(68) t Hj* VIUB) 硬度 HRA(HRB〉 + ^hrauirb) 缩減#3 退火#3 退大#4 编碼 四分之 四分 邊緣 四分之 邊喙 四分之 四分 邊緣 、©分，之： 之一 …邊 …邊 一、邊 -1 蝝之平 均值 岈之 均值 緣之平 均值 緣之 均《 * 8 58.0(94) 56.6(92) 57.3(93) 41.6(66) 42.0(67) 41.8(66) 55.2(89) 54.2(87) 54.7(88) 41.6(66) 42.3(67) 41.9(66) 16 58.6(95) 58.0(94) 58.3(95) 42.0(67) 42.3(67) 42.1(67) 55.3(89) 54.6(88) 54.9(89) 41.9(66) 42.0(67) 41.9(66) 35 56.4(91) 53.4(86) 54.9(89) 40.6(64) 41.2(65) 40.9(65) 54.8(89) 54.0(87) 54.4(88) 41.6(66) 42.1(67) 41.8(66) 46 56.5(92) 54.0(87) 55.2(89) 41.1(65) 41.9(66) 41.5(66) 54.3(88) 53.6(86) 53.9(87) 41.3(65) 42.7(68) 42.0(67) 返回參照測試順序，於第一縮減之後，測得〇·〇629"之 中心厚度，測得19.79%之外區之薄化％，及測得1.64”之直 徑。於第二縮減之後，測得〇·0653”之中心厚度，測得32〇/〇 之外區之薄化％，及測得1.75"之直徑。於第三縮減之後， 測得0.0681"之中心厚度，測得41.24%之外區之薄化％，及 測得1 _87π之直徑。於第四縮減之後，測得〇·〇695"之中心 厚度，測得46.50%之外區之薄化％，及測得1.95”之直徑。 另外，一些順序最終係負載達600 Kip ’該等較高力得 到額外約5%之薄化率，或僅高於5〇%之總薄化率。例如， 將鈕粒毛坯冷縮減4次，且於各個成型階段之後進行中間 退火並於各階段中壓縮至約丨8〇 ksi之應力值。達到僅高於 5〇%薄化率之總縮減度，且最終直徑為約2.1 ·，。 157577.doc •】8· 201211494 已顯示及描述本發明之不同實施例，熟習此項相關技術 者可在不脫離本發明之範圍下經由適當修改達成文中所述 方法及系統之進一步改造。已提及若干該等可能的修改， 及其他將為熟習此項相關技術者所明瞭。舉例言之，例 如，以上所論述之實施例、幾何結構、材料、尺寸、比 率、步驟等係為示例。因此，本發明之範圍應根據以下申 明專利範圍來考量且應理解其不受限於說明書及圖式中所 顯示及描述之結構及操作之細節。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1描繪根據本發明一實例之彈匣毛坯於第一狀態之橫 截面囷； ' 圖2描繪圖丨之彈匣毛坯於第二成型匣狀態之橫截面圖； 圖3描繪一例示性旋轉成型操作之正視圖； 圖4描繪另一例示性旋轉成型操作之正視圖； 圖5描纷—例示性壓縮成型操作之正視圖，· Ο 圖6描繪用於另一例示性壓縮成型操作之模具之正視 圖； 圖7描繪一例示性磨削操作之正視圖； 圖8描繪又一例示性旋轉成型操作之正視圖； 圖9描繪—例示性柱塞與經由該柱塞形成之圓柱形匣之 正視圖；及 圖10描繪例示性工具之分解透視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1〇 例示性具輪廓化厚度之毛坯（例示性匣坯） 157577.doc •19- 201211494 12 (圓柱形）匣 14 紐粒 16 外區 18 基座 20 側壁 22 臂 24 轴件 26 頭 28 第一大體水平的毛坯接觸面 30 第二面 32 第三面 34 第四面 36 頭接觸面（機械接觸面） 38 底面 42 轴件 44 環形臂（旋轉臂） 46 下區塊（48)之上表面 48 壓力機（50)之下區塊 50 壓力機 52 壓力機（50)之上區塊 54 第一部份 56 第二部份 58 第三部份 60 界定孔（66)之壁 157577.doc -20- 201211494 ❹Ο The above tools can be heat treated. A method of heat treating an exemplary tool, such as the one described above, includes sealing the tool in a non-ferrous steel bag. The pockets minimize surface oxidation of the tool during the annealing process. The tool should be chemically protected during the annealing via a cover or protective device (such as a stainless steel bag) in a physical manner or via a controlled atmosphere to prevent oxidation during annealing. For example, in a controlled atmosphere, these bags will not be needed. The bags including the tool steel were placed directly in a 14-inch oven for 4 hours, heated at 185 Torr from the moot in 50 rpm increments, and maintained at 1850 °F for 6 hours. The bags were then removed from the furnace and the air was cooled to 650 F. The bags were placed in the oven at 650 F and cooled to 200 °F in 5 Torr/hr increments and then air cooled again to 120 Torr. Tempering was carried out by placing the tool in a 1000 F oven for 6 hours and then air cooling to room temperature. Finally, the surface of the tool is polished. Regarding the tool including the center hole, the hardness of the block may range from about 54 Hrc to 63 HRC. If there is no center hole, the hardness may be about 48 to 49. In general, the strength increases as the hardness increases; however, the material also becomes brittle. The yield strength based on the hardness estimate can range from about 200 ksi to 220 ksi. Although the use of the tool without the intermediate annealing step is shown in the following examples, it is within the scope of the invention to use the annealed blank without any other 157577.doc -11 - 201211494 annealing step after the initial processing of the blank. An example in which the hair is formed into a crucible can be formed into a first state as shown by the cylindrical crucible (12) of Fig. 2, and then formed into a final shape by, for example, multiple stretching and stretching. Cylindrical to obtain the final straight wall cylinder size. For example, the processing of austenitic stainless steel having the above composition for a thickness of 1" and a diameter of 2" for a blank can have the following results in a continuous molding stage: (1) a draw ratio of 1.7 and a diameter of 1 · 17", (2) the draw ratio is 】·% and the diameter is 〇88", (3) the draw ratio is 1.33 and the diameter is 〇·665", (4) the draw ratio is 丨33 and the diameter is 0.500 ", and (5) the draw ratio is ^^ and the diameter is 〇378". The tensile stretch measured as above is equal to the initial diameter/final diameter after each molding stage. For example, the five-stage continuous reduction is a familiar technique. It is known to stretch brass crucibles, except that the specific austenitic stainless steel described above may not require intermediate annealing between the forming stages. Although a five-stage process is described, a more active four stage is used. It is within the scope of the invention to process and omit one of these reductions (this can be obtained after each stage, 2, u, 1 > 4A1. Take the draw ratio). Additional molding operations include the following: (1) formation of reduction The operation of the neck straight and light, (7) the shape of the side of the operation #, and (3) An operation configured to receive, for example, a region of the primer cap in the side. The molding operation employed can be performed by a person skilled in the art in light of the teachings herein. Examples The blank system described in the following examples Pre-annealed. The initial blank is formed from a material that undergoes 5G% to 6G% cold shrinkage followed by complete annealing. 157577.doc 12· 201211494 Example 1 The tantalum system is, for example, lower in strength and lower than high carbon steel. The process is carried out on an easy-formed low carbon steel having a range of about 0.05 to 0.15 c. The test is carried out using a 600 Kip Tinius 〇Isen universal testing machine and a hardness block for 4 tests on low carbon steels. For example, the initial use has an initial diameter of 2. And 〇.〇 4" thickness of the hair column. Starting with 1〇〇Kip, the hair chain is loaded in increments of 5 ' so that the final hair is 2.22" diameter and the center portion is 〇〇31" and gradually decreases to have 〇.〇21, thickness Edge and. A smaller hair field having a diameter of 1.53 was then tested, while a higher compressive stress was obtained for the equal force. The smaller blank has a final diameter of 17 〇", the final center thickness is 0.03 〇 7 " 'and the final edge thickness is 〇〇 16 ”. Example 2 Forms an ASTM specification T301 stainless steel blank. Although the butyl 3 〇 1 stainless steel blank has The higher work hardening rate, but the T3〇1 stainless steel blank has mechanical properties close to those of the austenitic stainless steel described above. The 〇1 stainless steel wool 具有 billet has an initial diameter of 1.53” and an initial thickness of 〇.〇472” Achieve 300 Kip in 1〇〇Kip increments, resulting in a final diameter of 1.625", a final center thickness of ”45", and a final quarter thickness of 0.039". The hardness block is used as a compression tool' and Therefore, it is not formed, but is, for example, substantially flat. The hardness block is used because it is included in the hardness range most suitable for this application. The hardness block used is 42 HRC and slightly deformed after molding is completed. Replace the blocks with 62 HRC blocks. Repeat the process with a load of 350 Kip and then unload at 400 Kip. The final diameter is 164", and the hardness is 85 to 100 HRB. When annealed at 1825 F, the hardness drops to 157577.doc -13 - 201211494 53 to 58 HRB. After the final load of 400 Kip, the final diameter is 1.76", the final center thickness is 0,043, and the final edge thickness is 〇〇 3〇", and the final hardness is 9〇 to 93 HRB. The hardness block of 62 HRC is finally cracked' and the thicker block is expected to avoid the crack. It is later made from S-7 tool steel and Other tools producing forces up to 2,400,000 lb were produced without cracking.Example 3 An ASTM gauge T305 stainless steel blank was formed. The hardness block was replaced with a compression plate comprising a flat plate and a plate containing a 0.5" diameter central hole. These plates are machined from the available D-2 tool steel. The tool is then machined to include a central opening for the manufacture of button particles (丨4) and is designed with a replaceable compression insert. The base is made of 〇6 tool steel and the insert is made of D-2 tool steel, and the pedestal and insert are all in the high hardness range of 50 HRC. The T305 stainless steel blank was molded by a load of up to 25 〇 Kip in 5 〇 Kip increments and completely unloaded between increments. The thickness is measured at three locations: the center ("τι") is at the 1/8" ("T2"), and the 1/8" at the outer edge ("Τ3"). Then the final measurement is made: diameter = 1 61 ", T1 = 〇〇 48 „, Τ 2 = 0.0414 ", and Τ 3 = 0 〇 39, ·. Then load the material up to 3 〇〇 Kip, 350 Kip and 400 Kip ' The following final measurements were obtained: diameter = 163 ", Tl = 0.048" 'T2 = 0. 〇 40", and Τ 3 = 〇〇 39". The hardness at position T2 is about 59.3 HRA (96.5 HRB), and the hardness at position Τ3 is about 61 3 HRA (22 HRC). This test caused the tool to crack and the center button to be depressed upward. The upward depression is the result of pressing the material into the open area during compression. I57577.doc -14· 201211494 Therefore, the expected thickening occurs under the help of non-expected gangs, and as a result, the demand for a high-knowledge tool and the height of the control opening is realized. For example, a rod is inserted into the initial opening of the tool insert to form a handsome and allow for a suitable gap. Spacers are used to control the degree of tool-to-blank in the vertical direction to prevent the material from bending upwards. This height may be fixed or may be adjusted, for example, by a spacer. Example 40 A plate or insert having a 0.5" central opening is used on both the top and bottom ends of the tool to address the undercut problem. Using a height-controlled insert on one side only allows another 1.5-diameter head load to be Kip in increments of 5 〇 Kip, resulting in the following final determination: diameter = 16 ", τι = 〇 (four), Τ 2-0.0424 ' And T3=G.G9G,,. The heart is not heavily embossed, but it does so that the top surface cannot remain completely flat. Additional cymbals are added to the top surface of the rod inserted into the center opening of the tool to lower the height of the insert and adjust the gap downward. 0 Example 5 Standard grade T 305 stainless steel button blanks were used. The button granules were cold-shrinked 4 times at room temperature and an intermediate anneal was performed at 185 Torr after each compression cycle. The load was loaded to 4 〇〇Kip (the stress on the surface area was about 205 ksi) in the first cycle, and then the load was 3 〇〇Kip (the stress on the surface area was about 151 ksi), and the load was 35 〇. Kip (the stress on the surface area is about 148 ksi), and then the load is 375 Kip (the stress on the surface area is about 155 ksi). After the fourth cycle, an average thinning rate of 39.7% was measured. For each annealing process, the annealing temperature was 1825 Τ for 3 〇 minutes. 157577.doc -15· 201211494 About the processing operation of the first brother, the initial diameter is 1. 5 ", the initial thickness of τΐ, T2 and T3 is equal to 0.047". The final measured values after the first processing operation are: diameter = 1.63 ", Τ1 = 0·048", Τ2 = 〇 · 414", and Τ 3 = 0·039 ". The hardness at Τ2 was measured after annealing at 1825 Torr under 97 HRB pre-annealing and 54 HRB. Regarding the second processing operation, the initial measured value is the same as the final measured value of the first processing operation described above. The final measured values for this second processing operation are: diameter -1.7, Τ1 = 0 · 〇 486 ", Τ 2 = 0.0367", and Τ 3 = 0·0332". The hardness after annealing was measured at 2 6 2 of 62.5 HRB. Regarding the third processing operation, the initial measured value is the same as the final measured value of the second processing operation described above. The final measured value of the third processing operation is: diameter = 1.78 ", Τ1 = 0 · 〇 494" ' Τ 2 = 0.033", and Τ 3 = 0·0295". Under 88 HRB pre-annealing and at 76 HRB The hardness of the dibutyl portion is measured after annealing at 1825. For the fourth processing operation, the initial measurement value is the same as the final load value of the third processing operation described above. The final value of the fourth processing operation is · diameter = 1 ·86",Τ1=0.049",Τ2=〇〇3〇2,,, and Τ3 = 〇〇265,,. The insert of the tool was initially cracked under the forming process before the pedestal broke. The force is up to 4G(), _ lb. The granules are extended from approximately 1.5" to approximately 1.9" and the thinning rate is approximately 4% by two intermediate annealings. Example 6 makes the above low The austenitic non-recorded steel with work hardening characteristics is formed into a blank. The austenitic stainless steel is reduced to 〇〇6〇, thickness and annealed for another 157577.doc -16·201211494 test. Machining the material 1.5" quot of the diameter of the blank, reducing its thickness by about 20% in the first compression cycle. Use according to the above example The method of heat treatment of the tool, and as described below 'the button bristles undergo intermediate annealing and the thickness is reduced by several times. The sequence used is as follows: load 350 Kip compression force and then anneal the material at 1950 °F, then Load up to 425 Kip and annealed at 1950 °F' followed by a load of 475 Kip and annealed at 1950 °F, and the final load was at 5 〇〇Kip and annealed at 1950 T. After each reduction, 447 HRA The initial hardness increase is in the range of from 54.2 HRA to about 63.5 HRA, and after each annealing, is reduced to an amount ranging from 4〇6 HRA to 44” HRA, as shown in Table 2 below. The grain structure was examined after the fourth annealing and found to be consistent with the grain structure of the original material. Table 2 shows the measured hardness values obtained after each reduction and annealing. The code indicates the four different button particle samples tested, such that code 8 refers to the first button particle tested, code 16 refers to the second button particle tested, and code h 〇 refers to the third button particle tested. And code 46 refers to the fourth button particle tested. 0 157577.doc •17- 201211494 Table 2: Hardness measurement hardness HRA (HRCj -IHlLVliRPi hardness HRA(HR») HR度HRA(HRB) 缩定缩 initial=44 7HRA Annealing #2 encodes a quarter of a quarter of a quarter of a quarter of a quarter, a quarter of a quarter of a quarter, a quarter of a side, a quarter of the front, and an average of the mean of the A mean... Mean 8 61.7(23) 61.8(23) 61.8(23) 43.4(69) 43.4(69) 43.4(69) 56.7(92) 56.8(92) 56.8(92) 42.1(67) 42.5(67) 42.3(67) 16 61.3(22) 63.5(26.5) 614(243) 43.4(69) 43.3(69) 43.4(69) 56.9(92) 55.8(90) 56.4(91) 42.4(67) 42.8(68) 42.6(68) 35 61.0(21) 61.8(23) 61.4(22) 44,1(70) 43.8(70) 44.0(70) 58.3(95) 59.5(97) 58.9(96) 42.3(67) 41.9(66) 42.1(67) 46 61.3(22) 61.7(23) 61.5(22) 43.6(69) 43.6(69) 43.6(69) 59.1(96) 59.0(96) 59. 0(96) 42.6(68) 42.9(66) 42.7(68) t Hj* VIUB) Hardness HRA(HRB> + ^hrauirb) Reduction #3 Annealing #3 退大#4 Code 4/4 Edge 4 The edge of the edge is divided by four quarters of the edge, and the score is divided into: one of the edges... the edge of the edge, the edge of the edge, and the mean value of the average value of the edge of the mean value. * * 8 58.0(94) 56.6( 92) 57.3(93) 41.6(66) 42.0(67) 41.8(66) 55.2(89) 54.2(87) 54.7(88) 41.6(66) 42.3(67) 41.9(66) 16 58.6(95) 58.0(94 58.3(95) 42.0(67) 42.3(67) 42.1(67) 55.3(89) 54.6(88) 54.9(89) 41.9(66) 42.0(67) 41.9(66) 35 56.4(91) 53.4(86) 54.9(89) 40.6(64) 41.2(65) 40.9(65) 54.8(89) 54.0(87) 54.4(88) 41.6(66) 42.1(67) 41.8(66) 46 56.5(92) 54.0(87) 55.2 (89) 41.1(65) 41.9(66) 41.5(66) 54.3(88) 53.6(86) 53.9(87) 41.3(65) 42.7(68) 42.0(67) Return to the reference test sequence, after the first reduction, The center thickness of 〇·〇629" was measured, and the thinning % of 19.79% outside the area was measured, and the diameter of 1.64" was measured. After the second reduction, the center thickness of 〇·0653” was measured, and the thinning % of the area outside 32〇/〇 was measured, and the diameter of 1.75" was measured. After the third reduction, 0.0681" was measured. The thickness of the center was measured, and the thinning % of the area outside the 41.24% was measured, and the diameter of 1 _87π was measured. After the fourth reduction, the center thickness of 〇·〇695" was measured, and 46.50% of the area was measured. %, and measured to a diameter of 1.95". In addition, some of the sequences are ultimately loaded up to 600 Kip'. These higher forces result in an additional thinning rate of about 5%, or only a total thinning rate of more than 5%. For example, the button blank is cold-shrinked 4 times and subjected to intermediate annealing after each forming stage and compressed to a stress value of about 8 〇 ksi in each stage. A total reduction of only a thinning rate of more than 5% is achieved, and the final diameter is about 2.1 Å. 157577.doc • 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 A number of such possible modifications have been mentioned, and others will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the embodiments, geometries, materials, dimensions, ratios, steps, etc. discussed above are for example. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be construed as being limited to the details of the structure and the operation shown and described in the drawings and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 depicts a cross-sectional view of a magazine blank in a first state in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 depicts a cross-sectional view of the magazine blank of the figure in a second formed state; FIG. Figure 4 depicts a front view of another exemplary rotational forming operation; Figure 5 depicts a front view of an exemplary compression forming operation, Figure 6 depicts another exemplary Front view of a mold for compression molding operation; Figure 7 depicts a front view of an exemplary grinding operation; Figure 8 depicts a front view of yet another exemplary rotational molding operation; Figure 9 depicts an exemplary plunger formed with the plunger A front view of the cylindrical cymbal; and Figure 10 depicts an exploded perspective view of the illustrative tool. [Explanation of main component symbols] 1〇 Exemplary blank with contoured thickness (exemplary blank) 157577.doc •19- 201211494 12 (cylindrical)匣14 New grain 16 Outer zone 18 Base 20 Side wall 22 Arm 24 Axis Piece 26 head 28 first substantially horizontal blank contact surface 30 second side 32 third side 34 fourth side 36 head contact surface (mechanical contact surface) 38 bottom surface 42 shaft member 44 toroidal arm (rotating arm) 46 lower block ( 48) Upper surface 48 Press (50) Lower block 50 Press 52 Press (50) Upper block 54 First part 56 Second part 58 Third part 60 Defining hole (66) Wall 157577.doc -20- 201211494 ❹
G 62 界定孔（66)之壁 64 界定孔（66)之壁 66 子L 70 臂 72 中心孔 74 軸件 76 工具 78 插入件 80 區塊 82 中心孔 84 導銷 86 盲孑L 100 毛述 102 下端支撐結構 104 旋轉機 106 軸件 108 臂 112 側壁 114 圓柱形匣 116 外區 118 輪廓化柱塞 120 圓柱形匣（122)之 122 圓柱形S 124 平坦上表面 157577.doc -21 · 201211494 126 底部壓力機 128 傾斜下表面 130 頂部壓力機 A 軸件（24)之各別縱軸線 B 頭接觸面（機械接觸面）（36)之中心轴線 C 縱軸線 D 箭頭 E 箭頭 F 向下力 G 轴件（74)之縱軸線 Η 箭頭 I 箭頭 J 箭頭 Κ 縱軸線 L 箭頭 Μ 箭頭 Ν 角度 157577.doc -22-G 62 Wall defining the hole (66) 64 Wall defining the hole (66) 66 Sub L 70 Arm 72 Center hole 74 Shaft 76 Tool 78 Insert 80 Block 82 Center hole 84 Guide pin 86 blind 孑 L 100 Caption 102 Lower end support structure 104 Rotary machine 106 Shaft member 108 Arm 112 Side wall 114 Cylindrical 匣 116 Outer region 118 Contoured plunger 120 Cylindrical 匣 (122) 122 Cylindrical S 124 Flat upper surface 157577.doc -21 · 201211494 126 Bottom Press 128 Tilting lower surface 130 Top press A Shaft member (24) respective longitudinal axis B Head contact surface (mechanical contact surface) (36) Center axis C Longitudinal axis D Arrow E Arrow F Down force G axis The longitudinal axis of the piece (74) 箭头 arrow I arrow J arrow 纵 vertical axis L arrow Μ arrow Ν angle 157577.doc -22-