201136728 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 ‘本發明是和塑膠廢料的回收方法有關，特別是關於一 種塑膠廢料粉碎成細小片粒、再利用比重選別的方法。 【先前技術】 塑膠廢料的回收有許多執行面上的困難，造成許多塑 • 膠廢料並沒有被充份的回收再利用。舉最真實的例子做說 明，目前各種飲料瓶子的標籤都沒有回收再利用，通通都 是拿去焚燒或是掩埋。究其原因，乃在於瓶身標籤是由pvc 或是PE等不同材質的熱收縮薄膜材料製成，各式各樣的 塑膠瓶在回收脫標作業後，各種標籤即混雜在一起，要將 不同材質的薄膜塑膠予以選別再利用，在目前並沒有經濟 有效的方法，因為薄膜狀的瓶身標籤，其厚度大約在〇〇3 至0.1mm左右，與瓶身脫標後大都先收集擠壓成團塊，以 鲁方便存放或搬運，若要回收再利用時，必須先將其解包再 粉碎成碎片’再進行浮選。薄膜在擠壓後容易重疊糾結成 團’粉碎後的碎片更容易因本身形狀的糾結、或因摩擦衝 擊而產生靜電吸附或是在局部切口部位因高溫融熔而粘 附，使其不谷易選別。例如比重較水輕的PE薄膜與比重 較水重的PVC薄犋，一旦因形體的糾結或是靜電的吸附或 是融熔材質的粘附、甚或是油污等等外部因素造成的粘 附’都很難令其分離，造成碎片懸浮、不易選別，或是選 別不確實等缺失，使得魏相當的_，礙商覺得不符經^ 3 201136728 濟效益。因此目前針對瓶身標籤大都是採賴燒-途，唯 送至焚化爐燃燒除了需要處理費用外，也會產生有毒的含 氣化學氣體，並會増加A量具有溫室效應之二氧化碳氣體 的排放’是環保的-大挑戰。對於其他薄膜狀或是薄片狀 的』膠廢料’例如農漁業用的覆膜等，在回收時若不能確 實的區分’導致不同材料的薄膜或是材料混雜在—起，也 會面臨前述__擾。對於有些貼合有塑膠或是淋膜有 』膠的紙類，或是其他混雜成份的雜項塑膠廢料，目前業 界亦無經濟有效的回收對策，因此依然是採用焚燒或是掩 ，等傳統處财法。魏並不，已如錢，而掩埋只 是圖個眼則清淨，塑膠百年不化，塑膠垃圾不斷累積，掩 埋的場址畢竟有限，終究不是長久的解決之道。至於其他 雜項的廢轉’由於材料品項繁複，要回蚊是困難，因 此多採焚燒或是掩埋方式處理。歸結而言，對於容易分類 收集之塑膠廢棄物之外的雜混的塑膠廢棄物 作業並不理想。 【發明内容】 本發明的主要目的在於提供一種經濟有效的方法，使 =料分陳集之_廢料能被回收再_，達到垃輯 量、資源再生而有效達成減碳的目的。 為達成上揭目的，依據本發明所揭示的一種塑膠廢料 的選別法，包含有下財驟:先將#雜有不同成份的塑膠回 收廢料予崎碎或紐舰職除去—些錢物後再予粉 201136728 碎至粒徑小於10mm以下的細粒或是細片；將粉碎後的細 片或是細粒投入清洗槽中授拌清洗，該清洗槽中的溶液含 有界面活性劑，藉此使細片或是細粒能充分的分離；將清 洗後的細片或是細粒投入一浮選槽中，藉由浮選槽中液體 的比重來選別回收的塑膠細片或是細粒。 【實施方式】201136728 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] ‘The present invention relates to a method for recovering plastic waste, and more particularly to a method for pulverizing a plastic waste into fine granules and reusing specific gravity. [Prior Art] There are many implementation difficulties in the recycling of plastic waste, resulting in many plastic waste materials not being fully recycled. Let's take the most realistic example to make it clear that the labels of various beverage bottles are not recycled and reused. They are all burned or buried. The reason is that the bottle label is made of heat-shrinkable film material of different materials such as pvc or PE. After all kinds of plastic bottles are recycled and labeled, the labels are mixed together. The film plastic of the material has been selected and reused. At present, there is no cost-effective method. Because the film-shaped bottle label has a thickness of about 〇〇3 to 0.1mm, it is mostly collected and extruded after the bottle body is out of the standard. The mass is easy to store or transport with Lu. If it is to be recycled and reused, it must be unpacked and then pulverized into pieces' for flotation. The film is easily overlapped and entangled into a mass after extrusion. The pulverized chip is more likely to be electrostatically adsorbed due to its own shape, or due to frictional impact, or adhered to a local incision due to high temperature melting, making it not easy to adhere. choose. For example, the PE film with a lighter specific gravity and the PVC with a heavier specific gravity are thinner than the water, which is caused by external factors such as entanglement of the body or electrostatic adsorption or adhesion of the molten material or even oil stains. It is difficult to separate them, causing debris to be suspended, difficult to sort, or missing or not, so that Wei is quite _, and the business feels that it does not conform to ^ 3 201136728. Therefore, at present, most of the label on the bottle is used for burning. Only in the case of burning incinerator, in addition to the processing cost, it will also produce toxic gas containing chemical gas, and will increase the emission of carbon dioxide gas with a greenhouse effect. It is environmentally friendly - a big challenge. For other film-like or flaky gel scraps, such as those used in agriculture and fisheries, if they cannot be reliably distinguished during recycling, the film or material of different materials will be mixed up, and the above-mentioned __ will also be faced. Disturb. For some miscellaneous plastic scraps with plastic or laminating paper or other miscellaneous plastic wastes, there is no cost-effective recycling measure in the industry. Therefore, it is still used for burning or hiding. law. Wei is not, it is like money, and the burial is only clean, the plastic is not going to be a hundred years, the plastic garbage is accumulating, and the buried site is limited, after all, it is not a long-term solution. As for the miscellaneous of other miscellaneous items, it is difficult to return mosquitoes due to the complicated materials, so it is often burned or buried. In summary, it is not ideal for miscellaneous plastic waste other than plastic waste that is easily sorted and collected. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a cost-effective method for enabling waste materials to be recycled and reused to achieve the purpose of reducing carbon emissions. In order to achieve the above object, a method for selecting plastic waste according to the present invention includes the following financial rules: firstly, the plastic recycling waste of different components is removed to the crushed or newly-shipped ship to remove some money and then Powder 201136728 is broken into fine particles or fine pieces with a particle diameter of less than 10 mm; the pulverized fine pieces or fine particles are put into a washing tank for mixing and washing, and the solution in the washing tank contains a surfactant, thereby The fine pieces or fine particles can be sufficiently separated; the cleaned fine pieces or fine particles are put into a flotation tank, and the recovered plastic fine pieces or fine particles are selected by the specific gravity of the liquid in the flotation tank. [Embodiment]
茲舉二實施例說明如下： 本發明第一實施例舉PET寶特瓶的瓶身標籤的回收做 說明。 步驟一、以粉碎機將塑膠回收廢料予以粉碎至粒徑小 於10mm以下的細粒或是細片，以〇 5111111至4111〇1的粒 徑範圍最佳。本步驟是針對純淨的瓶身標籤而言。由於 瓶身標籤通常會先擠壓朗塊，以方便存放或搬運，因 此在本步狀前可能需姨包_作。再者在存放或是 :運中：能會混雜其他的雜物進來，或者是在收集瓶身 =之時可能魏_其_物，因此在解包之後進入 ==風吹進行風選，例如先將物料通過裝 重選機，將薄__ 重的雜質例如泥沙如=等Γ可ΙΓ吹掉，而The second embodiment will be described as follows: The first embodiment of the present invention will exemplify the recovery of the bottle label of the PET bottle. Step 1. The plastic recycling waste is pulverized to a fine particle or a fine particle having a particle diameter of less than 10 mm by a pulverizer, and the particle diameter range of 〇 5111111 to 4111 〇 1 is optimal. This step is for a pure bottle label. Since the bottle label is usually squeezed first to facilitate storage or handling, it may be necessary to pack the bag before this step. In addition, in the storage or: in transit: can be mixed with other debris, or may be in the collection of the bottle = it may be Wei _ its _ things, so after unpacking into the == wind blowing for the wind, for example first The material is passed through a re-election machine, and the thin __ heavy impurities such as sand, such as =, can be blown off.
五屬导也可以予以刹除。[I 201136728 =一後的細片或是細粒投入清洗槽 離子界面战離W^ 面活性劑或兩性界面活性劑，端視待處理的原3 定，藉此消:細片或是細粒表面的靜電或是油:: 粉:片、粒二於分離’不至因靜電、或是油污等而點 附在一起，界面活性劑更有增加粉碎片、粒表面親水 性的效果’減少因表面張力作用而導致難下沈的困 擾，藉此使細片或是細粒能充分的分離，也使比重較 重的下沈料更容易下沈。在此步驟中清洗槽的㈣可 使用南速齡’藉由高速攪拌中㈣與細粒等相互的 衝擊而使物料進一步的分離。 々驟一 m ;域的細片或是細粒投人—組浮選槽 中’藉由浮簡中㈣的比重來朗时的塑膠細片 或是細粒。例如比重較水輕的材質（比重小於丨)就會浮 起’而比重較水重的材質（比重大於1)就會下沈，再分 別予以收集’即可選別不同材質的材料。例如PVC材 質的標籤，屬可塑型PVC材料，其比重約在丨16〜135 之間’即為下沈料。而PE材質的標籤其比重約在 0.92〜0.96之間，即為上浮料。 對於薄膜或是薄片廢料而言，加以選別最大的困難 就在於薄膜或薄片容易糾纏、打結，彼此不易分離， 輕質料被重質料包覆或是重質料被輕質料包覆，造成 該下沈的不沈，該上浮的不浮，或是因靜電或油污等 6 201136728 造成輕質料與重質料沾魅在一起，導致選別不確實， 造成回__容性不佳而缺乏雜強度，難再利用。 . 纟發日胁過長期研究首先利用徹底的粉碎，將回 收料粒徑控制在10mm以下，最佳的粒徑範圍在 0.5mm至4_之間，此舉可克服粉碎料糾纏打結的缺 點，若能粉碎成細粉，再加適性之界面活性劑配合使 用就不會有糾結的現象，不過粉碎的越細，處理的成 籲 林越高。將塑膠回收廢料粉碎成細片或是細粒的目 的主要疋在避免片、粒糾結，因此視處理的材料性 質’只要粉碎到令其不易·的幢大小即可。 本發明接著利用清洗槽徹底授拌，甚至利用超高 速攪拌以打開頑_糾結粉碎片、粒，並在槽中加入 界面活性劑，用以消除靜電及油污、並增加片粒表面 的親水性’克服不易下沈的問題，使得粉碎片、粒能 . i底的77離’不會丨靖在—S，由於處理回收廢塑膠 時:月fc*會碰到許多不同的品項混雜在一起的情況，因 此每-批次處理都必須視待處理的廢料而調整界面活 性劑的種類與用量。 ,上述各方法如若仍有難分離的問題，最後可在攪 掉槽設置兩電極板或棒，並通以電流，以陽極消除帶 負電的細粒或細片的電性，以陰極消除帶正電的細片 或細粒的電性，使其容易分離。 經由上述處理過程，就可以利用浮選槽將輕質料 與重質料分離。若要加速浮選過程，本個可在浮選S】 7 201136728 :中:力_改變液體比重的添加 等，藉此改變浮選的比重值。例如 的二: 鐵，低密度材質其比重約在Q92 質的PE其比重約在⑽，與水的比重"目;=材 因“易在水中载浮’也容易受下 延緩其上浮的速度’為了克服這樣的問題， 改變液體的比重到u或是U5。如此可以加速輕質 枓的切速度，而重質的pvc其比㈣在12〜13左 右，仍可順利的下沈。 本發明第二實施例舉塑膠與紙張的合成材料 回收做說明。 第二實施例的選別法同樣包含前述的步驟，步驟 -風選及粉碎、步驟二清洗攪拌分離以及步驟三浮選 等二個步驟’其不同點在於:在步驟二的清洗槽中加入 強驗液，其濃度在G.5至1〇個重量百分比之間，在常 壓下可將其加熱到㈣至轉，若是加壓狀態可將其 加熱到12(TC更好，其目的在於使紙張的木質纖維溶 出，並與塑膠薄膜脫離，之後再予清洗，然後經步驟 三浮選，在此步驟將木質纖維素回收。 上揭一、二實施例在步驟三浮選之後的浮選料都 會經脫水、乾燥、製粒等步驟以方便回收再利用。 對於其他雜項廢塑膠，利用本發明的回收方法， 亦能獲得相當不錯的選別效果。 本發明的優點在於提供一種符合經濟效益的塑 201136728 膠廢料回收方法，使從前因不容易分類收集而只能採 用焚燒或是掩埋處理的塑膠廢料也能被回收再利用， 一則使資源再生、再則使垃圾減量、並減少碳排放， 達到愛護地球、保護環境的永續使命。 【圖式簡單說明】 本案無圖式The five genus guides can also be removed. [I 201136728=After a fine piece or fine grain is put into the cleaning bath ion interface, away from the W^ surfactant or the amphoteric surfactant, and look at the original 3 to be treated, thereby eliminating: fine or fine particles Static electricity or oil on the surface:: Powder: flakes, granules and two granules are not attached to each other due to static electricity or oil stains. The surfactant also increases the hydrophilicity of the pulverized sheet and the surface of the granules. The surface tension acts to cause difficulty in sinking, so that the fine pieces or fine particles can be sufficiently separated, and the heavier weight of the sinking material is more likely to sink. In this step, (4) of the cleaning tank can be further separated by the mutual impact of high speed stirring (4) and fine particles. Step one m; the fine piece of the field or the fine-grained-group flotation tank's plastic fine pieces or fine particles by the proportion of the floating (4). For example, a material with a lighter weight than water (the specific gravity is less than 丨) will float. The material with a heavier specific gravity (the specific gravity is greater than 1) will sink and be collected separately. For example, the PVC material label is a plastic PVC material with a specific gravity of between about 16 and 135, which is a sinking material. The PE material has a specific gravity of about 0.92 to 0.96, which is a floating material. For film or sheet waste, the biggest difficulty in selecting the film is that the film or sheet is easy to entangle and knot, and it is not easy to separate from each other. The light material is coated with heavy material or the heavy material is coated with light material. The sinking is not sinking, the floating does not float, or the light material and the heavy material are enchanted by static electricity or oil stains, etc., resulting in incorrect selection, resulting in poor __capacity and lack of impurity strength. It is difficult to reuse. The long-term study of the bursting day first uses the thorough pulverization to control the particle size of the recycled material below 10mm, and the optimal particle size range is between 0.5mm and 4_, which can overcome the shortcomings of entanglement and splicing of the pulverized material. If it can be pulverized into fine powder, and then combined with the appropriate surfactant, there will be no entanglement, but the finer the pulverization, the higher the treatment. The main purpose of pulverizing the plastic waste into fine or fine particles is to avoid entanglement of the sheets and the granules. Therefore, it is only necessary to pulverize the material properties of the materials to be smashed to a size that makes them difficult. The invention then uses the cleaning tank to thoroughly mix, even using ultra-high speed stirring to open the stubborn entangled comminuted sheet, the granules, and the surfactant is added to the tank to eliminate static electricity and oil stain, and increase the hydrophilicity of the granule surface. Overcome the problem of not sinking, so that the smashing tablets and granules can be used. The bottom of the 77 is not to be appeased in the S. Because of the recycling of waste plastics: the month fc* will encounter many different items mixed together. In this case, therefore, each type of batch treatment must adjust the type and amount of surfactant according to the waste to be treated. If the above methods still have problems that are difficult to separate, finally, two electrode plates or rods may be disposed in the agitation tank, and current is passed through, and the anode is used to eliminate the electrical properties of the negatively charged fine particles or fine pieces, and the cathode is positively charged. The fineness of the fine pieces or fine particles makes it easy to separate. Through the above process, the flotation tank can be used to separate the light material from the heavy material. To speed up the flotation process, this can be changed in the flotation S] 7 201136728: force _ change the specific gravity of the liquid, etc., thereby changing the specific gravity value of the flotation. For example, the second: iron, low-density material whose specific gravity is about Q92. The specific gravity of PE is about (10), and the specific gravity of water is the same as that of water. The material is easy to be delayed in the floating speed. In order to overcome such problems, the specific gravity of the liquid is changed to u or U5. This can speed up the cutting speed of the light crucible, and the heavy pvc has a ratio of (four) around 12 to 13, and can still sink smoothly. The second embodiment exemplifies the recovery of the synthetic material of the plastic and the paper. The selection method of the second embodiment also includes the above steps, the steps of the steps - air selection and pulverization, step 2 cleaning and stirring separation, and step three flotation. The difference is that the strong test liquid is added to the cleaning tank of the second step, and the concentration thereof is between G. 5 and 1 重量 by weight, and can be heated to (4) to rotate under normal pressure, if it is pressurized. It is heated to 12 (TC is better, the purpose is to dissolve the lignocellulosic paper of the paper, and detach it from the plastic film, and then wash it, then float through the third step, and recover the lignocellulose in this step. Second embodiment in step three After the selection, the flotation material will be dehydrated, dried, granulated, etc. to facilitate recycling. For other miscellaneous waste plastics, the recovery method of the present invention can also obtain a fairly good sorting effect. The advantage of the present invention is that A cost-effective plastic 201136728 plastic waste recycling method, so that plastic wastes that were previously not easily sorted and collected and can only be incinerated or buried can be recycled and reused, one will regenerate resources, and then reduce waste, and Reduce carbon emissions and achieve a sustainable mission of caring for the earth and protecting the environment. [Simple diagram] There is no picture in this case.
【主要元件符號說明】[Main component symbol description]