201127528 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種摩擦攪拌熔接工具，特別是關於 一種提升攪拌與推擠作用之摩擦攪拌熔接工具。 【先前技術】 …丨，丨'丁、勺宍1¾公告第6,994,242號 「摩擦難炫接:E_具及其方法」發明專彻，揭示一種習 广摩ίτ、搜拌k接1具8 ’其具有—本體μ及一探針幻。 係為一圓柱體。該探針82形成於該本體81之 背針=Γ"雜針82之直徑小於該本體8丨之直徑， : 之彳i差在該本體8〗之端面形成—肩201127528 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a friction stir welding tool, and more particularly to a friction stir welding tool for enhancing agitation and pushing action. [Prior Art] ... 丨, 丨 '丁, 宍 宍 13⁄4 Announcement No. 6,994,242 "Friction is difficult to sneak: E_ with its method" invented, revealing a kind of Xi Guang Mo ίτ, search mixed k connected 1 8 ' - Ontology μ and a probe illusion. It is a cylinder. The probe 82 is formed on the back of the body 81. The diameter of the needle 82 is smaller than the diameter of the body 8丨, and the difference is formed on the end surface of the body 8
Gap wdding)日士佐土輯俗獲工具8進行搭接炫 B可，係先將二 並將高速迴轉之摩擦翻二2 9A ' 9B相互重i 面擠入，使該探針δ2 _ 8從該金屬板9A ^Gap wdding) The Japanese sects of the sects of the sects of the sects of the sequel to the squirting of the squirting of the high-speed slewing of the two 2 9A ' 9B to each other, so that the probe δ2 _ 8 from The metal plate 9A ^
接合界面91。此日士，到達亚穿過該二金屬板9A、9B 對該二金屬板“迴轉之探針82及肩旬 9A、9B之間產生巧摩擦熱，以便在該二金/ 該探針82攪拌該接合態之塑性區92 ;同時q 相混合，待該塑性區二 壬半_狀態之材料使; 板9A、9B；}：目幻妾a。之材料固化後’即可將該— 請參照第7 p；! _ 實際進行料作^所不’ 知摩擦《拌炼接工， 業日P該習知摩擦攪拌炼接工具_ 201127528 方向後傾，使該本體δ]之中心站心 ;，間形成有—後傾角的表 卜3度。如此，該肩部83之；f f傾角"較佳係介於 齊，肩二= 二咖金屬〜:::: 成傾斜Wn ==相較，接路_ 端緣擠入該金屬板9 7/為该肩部S3之1 接路線前進時，簡、之取大深度h。因此，沿熔 方預先_該塑性區。92 係能夠於炫接路線的前 部83將該些材料向下導 每4’以便藉由該傾斜之肩 轉之肩部83對該金屬’其係可減少該高速迴 動，有效提升該塑性區92的二:，务生的不穩定振 然而，利用具有 及推擠作用。 具8進行炼接作業仍具諸、/ Θ之習知摩擦攪拌炫接工 拌炫接工具8僅能朝二缺點’例如：該習知摩擦攪 接方向相反或朝側向運行^定^向運行’若朝向與原來熔 受到該傾斜之肩部 ：’〜塑性區92内的材料無法 9Λ 1 致該肩部83备翠、〜、再位於熔接路線的前方，以 9A之頂面產生溝样區92内的材料，造成該金屬板 此外，藉由穩定的振動。 長時間使用下，該探 攪動5玄塑性區92内的材料， 力集中，且該探‘ ^ ㈣83的連結處容易造成應 於炫接過㈣微_^^㈣小於該肩部83之直經，若 形。 虽，則容易發生探針82斷裂的情 201127528 基於上述原因，其確實有必要進一步改良上述習知 摩擦攪拌熔接工具8。 【發明内容】 本發明係提供一種摩擦攪拌熔接工具，其能夠提升 對材料的攪拌及推擠作用，並可穩定沿任何熔接方向運行 之摩擦攪拌熔接工具。 本發明目的係提供一種摩擦攪拌熔接工具，其係藉 由增加一熔接攪拌頭與一結合面之間的結合強度，以達到 延長該熔接攪拌頭使用壽命的目的。 為達到前述發明目的，本發明所運用之技術手段及 藉由該技術手段所能達到之功效包含有： 根據本發明的摩擦攪拌熔接工具，係包含：一圓柱 體，該圓柱體之一端面係為一結合面；及一熔接攪拌頭， 設置於該結合面，並完全覆蓋該結合面，該熔接攪拌頭之 外周緣與該圓柱體之外周緣相切齊，該熔接攪拌頭係為一 球冠體，且該球冠體之曲率半徑R符合下列公式： n Ah2 + d2 8/7 其中h係為熔接時該熔接攪拌頭相對於一金屬工件 之表面垂直陷入的深度，d係為該結合面之直徑。 藉由具有該曲率半徑R之熔接攪拌頭，以提升熔接 過程中對材料的攪拌及推擠作用，並可穩定的沿任意方向 進行長行程且多道次的熔接作業。 【實施方式】 201127528 為讓本發明之上述及其他目的、特徵及優點能更明 顯易懂，下文特舉本發明之較佳實施例，並配合所附圖 式，作詳細說明如下： 請參照第3圖所示，本發明較佳實施例之摩擦攪拌 熔接工具1主要係應用於一摩擦攪拌熔接設備上，該摩擦 攪拌熔接工具1係設置於該摩擦攪拌熔接設備之一加工轴 上，該加工軸能夠驅動該摩擦擾拌溶接工具1高速旋轉， 並經由一輸送設備沿著X、Y、Z軸移動該高速旋轉中之 摩擦攪拌熔接工具1，以便該摩擦攪拌熔接工具1對一工 作平台上之二加工物件進行摩擦攪拌熔接作業，使該二加 工物件相接合。 本發明之摩擦攪拌熔接工具1係包含一圓柱體11及 一熔接攪拌頭12;該圓柱體11之一端面係為一結合面 111。該熔接攪拌頭12係選擇藉由一體成形方式對應形成 於該結合面111上，該熔接攪拌頭12恰完全覆蓋該結合 面111，且該熔接攪拌頭12之外周緣與該圓柱體11之外 周緣的切齊處形成有一交界邊13。 該熔接攪拌頭12係為一球冠體，該球冠體具有一曲 率半徑R，該曲率半徑R係符合下列公式（1): R = 41d …(1) 8/7 其中，h係為熔接時該熔接攪拌頭12相對於一金屬 板2A之表面垂直陷入的深度（如第4圖所示），d係為該 結合面111之直徑（意即該圓柱體11之直徑），且該深度 h較佳係小於或等於該直徑d的二十分之一。藉此，在該 201127528 直徑d為已知的前提下，係可依據該炫接攪拌頭】2垂直 ^入該金屬板2A的深度h，利用上述公式 炼接授拌頭]2之㈣枝R，續藉㈣㈣半徑^ 做該炫接祕帛]2，其係依據接觸面的幾何學所決定= 尺寸大小而具有容易加工成形之優點。 請參照第4及5圖，欲使用該摩擦授掉炫接工呈】 對二金屬板2A、2B進行搭舰接時，係預先將該二金屬 板2A、2B t豐置放，且該金屬板2a較佳選擇為耐飯或 而于磨的金屬板’例如：錄、鎳合金、銅、銅合金、鈦、鈦 合金或不鏽鋼等；該金屬板2B較佳選擇具有某種特定強 度的金屬板，例如：碳鋼、合金鋼或不鏽鋼等。接著，使 該圓柱體1]形成高速迴轉狀態，並將該熔接攪拌頭]2從 該金屬板2A之表面垂直擠入’以便藉由該高速迴轉之炫 接攪拌頭12產生高摩擦熱’使該二金屬板2A、之間 能夠形成一半炫融狀態之熱分佈區21，且該熱分佈區 係能夠擴散並超過該二金屬板2A、2b之間的接^^界面 22。因此’藉由該高速迴轉之炫接境拌旦員12，使該熱分 佈區2]内的該二金屬板2A、之材料彼此穿過該接合 界面22而互相炫合，並且藉由該燦接縣頭12所施加^ 鍛壓力使該二金屬板2A、2B形成可靠接合之被覆 ，該被覆金屬板係具有在使訂所要求之強度、 欠 磨的特性。 、久# 由於本發明之炫接檀拌頭]2具有該曲率半經r， 可達到如以下所述諸多功效： ’故 1、當該熔接攪拌頭12垂直擠入該金屬板2八表面 201127528 時，該交界邊13係與該金屬板2A表面相切齊，使該溶 接攪拌頭12能夠完全陷入該金屬板2A内。又，由於該 球冠體之頂端係位於該圓柱體11之中心車由線上，使該球 冠體與該交界邊]3上任意點皆能夠形成相同弧度而具有 一高度差。因此，當該熔接攪拌頭12任意變換熔接方向 時，除了該交界邊13皆能夠與該金屬板2A表面相切齊 之外，該球冠體亦能夠有效導引該熱分佈區21内的材料 並將其壓實，其確實提升該熱分佈區21内材料的攪拌及 推擠作用，同時達到減少摩擦攪拌過程中所發生之不穩定 振動，使得本發明可以沿著任何熔接方向進行多道次且長 行程的熔接作業。 2、該熔接攪拌頭12係完全覆蓋形成於該結合面 111，使該熔接攪拌頭12及結合面111之間的結合面積大 為提高，其大幅提升了該熔接攪拌頭12及結合面111的 結合強度，更延長了該熔接攪拌頭12的使用壽命。據此 ，該熔接攪拌頭12不會發生斷裂，進而能夠持續對該熱 分佈區21内之材料進行攪拌及推擠。 請參照第5及6圖所示，在進行多道次搭接熔接時 ，該熔接攪拌頭12係可選擇從該金屬板2A表面之其中 一角落擠入（如第5圖所示），或者，從該金屬板2A表 面之中央播入（如第6圖所示），並分別如箭頭所示沿著 平行該金屬板2A之側邊運行，且涵蓋該金屬板2A表面 。藉此，該金屬板2A之熱變形量係能夠從一側逐漸移向 另一側，進而可以避免該金屬板2A產生隆起變形，防止 該接合界面22容易因空氣的進入而產生氧化薄層，影響 201127528 該二金屬板2A、2B的接合強度。 又，請參照第7圖所示，在進行多道次搭接熔接時 ，相鄰二道次之間較佳選擇局部互相重疊，以便該相鄰二 道次所分別產生之熱分佈區2]能夠局部重疊以形成一重 疊熱分佈區2Γ1，且該重疊熱分佈區211係深入到達該接 合界面22。藉此，該重疊熱分佈區21.〗内的材料係能夠 再次更均勻的互相混合，有效提升該接合界面22之接合 強度。更詳言之，若其中一道次運行之中心轴線為L1， 另一道次運行之中心轴線為L2，該二中心軸線LI、L2之 間具有一間距p，該間距p係小於該直徑d。 請參照第5、6及7圖所示，由於該熱分佈區21係 到達攝氏數百度的半熔融狀態，且透過熱傳導作用，以致 該二金屬板2A、2B產生不均勻的熱膨脹變形及氧化薄層 ，尤其是在該接合界面22變形後所產生的缝隙，更容易 由於空氣的進入而產生氧化薄層。有鑑於此，本發明於搭 接熔接時可進一步於該二金屬板2A、2B分別塗敷一抗氧 化薄層材料3A、3B，該抗氧化薄層材料3A、3B係可選 擇容易與該二金屬板2A ' 2B產生原子鍵結之同種材料， 例如：錄、錄合金、钻、钻合金、钻、始合金、欽或鈦合 金等。其中，該二抗氧化薄層材料3A、3B之塗敷方法係 可選擇為電鍍、化學鍍、熔融鍍、喷塗或物理/化學蒸鍍 等方式。藉此，即可使該接合界面22不易產生氧化薄層 ，有效提升該二金屬板2A、2B的接合強度。 本發明摩擦攪拌熔接工具之技術特點在於：藉由具 有該曲率半徑R之熔接攪拌頭12，除了達到提升對該熱 —10 —- 201127528 分佈區21内沾以丨， 意方向進行多道拌及推擠作狀外，更兼具有沿任 授拌頭12及程雜作業的功效，而且該炫接 長該，㈣延 隹'、'丨本务明已利用上述較佳實施例揭示，然其並非 用以限定本發明’任何熟習此技藝者在残離本發明之精 tt範圍之内，機上述實施例進行各種更動與修改仍屬 護之技剩.’因此本發明之保護範圍當視後 附之申凊專利範圍所界定者為準。 201127528 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖：習知摩擦攪拌熔接過程示意圖。 弟2圖.習知摩擦授掉*谷接過程剖視圖。 第3圖：本發明較佳實施例之立體圖。 第4圖：本發明較佳實施例之熔接過程剖視圖。 第5圖··本發明較佳實施例進行多道次熔接示意圖 (一）。 ’ 第6圖：本發明較佳實施例進行多道次熔接示意圖 (二)。 ^ 第7圖：本發明較佳實施例進行多道次熔接剖視圖 【主要元件符號說明】 〔本發明〕 1 摩擦攪拌熔接工具 ηι結合面 13交界邊 金屬板 211重疊熱分佈區 11圓柱體 12 炫接搜拌頭 2A金屬板 21 熱分佈區 22 接合界面 抗氧化薄層材料 JB抗氧化薄層材料 〔習知〕 8 摩擦攪拌熔接工具 82 探針 201127528Bonding interface 91. This Japanese priest, arrives through the two metal plates 9A, 9B, and produces a frictional heat between the two rotating plates 82 and the shoulders 9A, 9B to stir the two gold / the probe 82 The plastic zone 92 of the joined state; at the same time, the q phase is mixed, and the material of the plastic zone is made up of the second half-state; the plate 9A, 9B;}: the visual 妾a. After the material is solidified, 'this can be referred to - please refer to The 7th p;! _ The actual material is not the same as the friction of the "mixing and splicing work, the industry day P the conventional friction stir welding tool _ 201127528 direction backward tilt, so that the center of the body δ] center; Formed with a -posttilt angle of 3 degrees. Thus, the shoulder 83; ff inclination angle " preferably is in line, shoulder two = two coffee metal ~:::: into the slope Wn == compared, The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The front portion 83 of the route guides the materials down every 4' to reduce the high speed reversal of the metal by the shoulders 83 of the inclined shoulders, effectively enhancing the plastic zone 92. :, the instability of the resurgence, however, the use of the role of pushing and pushing. With 8 to carry out the refining work, there are still some, / Θ Θ 摩擦 摩擦 friction stir mixing splicing tool 8 can only face two disadvantages 'for example: The conventional friction stir direction is opposite or laterally running. If the orientation is the same as the original melt, the material is not covered by the material in the plastic zone 92. ~, and then located in front of the welding route, the material in the groove-like area 92 is generated on the top surface of the 9A, thereby causing the metal plate to be stabilized by the vibration. In the long-term use, the probe agitates the inside of the black plastic zone 92. The material, the force is concentrated, and the joint of the ^ ^ (4) 83 is likely to cause the connection to be dazzled. (4) The micro_^^(4) is smaller than the straight line of the shoulder 83. If it is shaped, the probe 82 is prone to breakage. 201127528 For the above reasons, it is indeed necessary to further improve the above-mentioned conventional friction stir welding tool 8. [Invention] The present invention provides a friction stir welding tool which can enhance the stirring and pushing action of materials, and can stabilize the edge Any welding direction The invention relates to a friction stir welding tool. The object of the invention is to provide a friction stir welding tool, which aims to extend the service life of the fusion stirrer by increasing the bonding strength between a fusion stirrer and a joint surface. To achieve the foregoing object, the technical means and the achievable effects of the present invention include: The friction stir welding tool according to the present invention comprises: a cylinder having one end face of the cylinder a bonding surface; and a fusion stirrer head disposed on the joint surface and completely covering the joint surface, the outer circumference of the fusion stirrer head being aligned with the outer circumference of the cylinder, the fusion stirrer head being a spherical crown Body, and the radius of curvature R of the spherical body conforms to the following formula: n Ah2 + d2 8/7 wherein h is the depth at which the fusion stirrer is vertically trapped with respect to the surface of a metal workpiece, and d is the joint surface The diameter. By means of the fusion stirrer having the radius of curvature R, the stirring and pushing action of the material during the welding process is enhanced, and the long stroke and multi-pass welding operation can be stably performed in any direction. The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the aspects of the invention. 3 shows that the friction stir welding tool 1 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is mainly applied to a friction stir welding device, and the friction stir welding tool 1 is disposed on a processing shaft of the friction stir welding device. The shaft can drive the friction stir welding tool 1 to rotate at a high speed, and move the friction stir welding tool 1 in the high speed rotation along a X, Y, Z axis via a conveying device, so that the friction stir welding tool 1 is on a working platform The second processed object is subjected to a friction stir welding operation to join the two processed objects. The friction stir welding tool 1 of the present invention comprises a cylinder 11 and a fusion stirrer 12; one end face of the cylinder 11 is a joint surface 111. The fusion stirrer head 12 is selected to be formed on the joint surface 111 by an integral forming method. The fusion stirrer head 12 completely covers the joint surface 111, and the outer circumference of the fusion stirrer head 12 and the outer circumference of the cylinder 11 A boundary edge 13 is formed at the edge of the edge. The fusion stirrer 12 is a spherical crown having a radius of curvature R which conforms to the following formula (1): R = 41d (1) 8/7 wherein h is a weld The depth at which the fusion stirrer 12 is vertically trapped with respect to the surface of a metal plate 2A (as shown in FIG. 4), d is the diameter of the joint surface 111 (that is, the diameter of the cylinder 11), and the depth h is preferably less than or equal to one-twentieth of the diameter d. Therefore, under the premise that the diameter of the 201127528 is known, the depth h of the metal plate 2A can be vertically adjusted according to the splicing head 2, and the (four) branch R of the boring head can be spliced by the above formula. , Renewal (4) (4) Radius ^ Do the dazzling secret] 2, which is based on the geometry of the contact surface = size and has the advantage of easy processing. Please refer to Figures 4 and 5, if you want to use this friction to give up the splicing workmanship] When the two metal plates 2A and 2B are docked, the two metal plates 2A and 2B are placed in advance, and the metal is placed. The plate 2a is preferably selected as a metal plate resistant to rice or grinding, such as: nickel, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy or stainless steel; the metal plate 2B is preferably selected to have a certain strength. Plate, for example: carbon steel, alloy steel or stainless steel. Then, the cylinder 1] is formed into a high-speed rotation state, and the fusion-grinding head 2 is vertically extruded from the surface of the metal plate 2A into 'to generate a high-friction heat by the high-speed rotation of the stirring head 12'. The two metal plates 2A can form a heat distribution region 21 in a half-thin state, and the heat distribution region can diffuse and exceed the interface 22 between the two metal plates 2A, 2b. Therefore, the material of the two metal plates 2A in the heat distribution zone 2 is slid through each other through the joint interface 22 by the high-speed rotary splicing of the stalker 12, and The forging pressure applied by the head 12 of the county makes the two metal sheets 2A, 2B form a coating that is reliably joined, and the coated metal sheet has the characteristics required for the strength and underwear of the order.久久# Since the splicing sandalwood head of the present invention has the curvature half-r, it can achieve many functions as described below: '1, when the fusion stirrer 12 is vertically extruded into the metal plate 2, the surface of the surface 201127528 At this time, the boundary edge 13 is aligned with the surface of the metal plate 2A, so that the fusion stirring head 12 can be completely trapped in the metal plate 2A. Moreover, since the top end of the spherical body is located on the center line of the cylinder 11, the spherical crown and the boundary edge 3 can form the same arc and have a height difference. Therefore, when the fusion stirrer 12 is arbitrarily changed in the welding direction, the spherical body can effectively guide the material in the heat distribution region 21 except that the boundary edge 13 can be aligned with the surface of the metal plate 2A. And compacting it, which does enhance the agitation and pushing action of the material in the heat distribution zone 21, while at the same time reducing the unstable vibration occurring during the friction stir process, so that the present invention can perform multiple passes along any welding direction. And long-stroke welding operations. 2. The fusion stirrer head 12 is completely covered on the joint surface 111, so that the joint area between the fusion stirrer head 12 and the joint surface 111 is greatly improved, which greatly enhances the fusion stirrer head 12 and the joint surface 111. The bonding strength further extends the service life of the fusion splice head 12. Accordingly, the fusion stirrer 12 does not break, and the material in the heat distribution zone 21 can be continuously stirred and pushed. Referring to Figures 5 and 6, when performing multi-pass splicing, the fusion stirrer 12 can be selectively extruded from one of the corners of the surface of the metal plate 2A (as shown in Fig. 5), or From the center of the surface of the metal plate 2A (as shown in Fig. 6), and running along the side parallel to the metal plate 2A as indicated by the arrows, and covering the surface of the metal plate 2A. Thereby, the amount of thermal deformation of the metal plate 2A can be gradually changed from one side to the other side, thereby preventing the metal plate 2A from being deformed by bulging, and preventing the bonding interface 22 from easily generating an oxidized thin layer due to the entry of air. Affects the joint strength of the two metal sheets 2A, 2B of 201127528. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 7, when performing multi-pass splicing, it is preferable to partially overlap each other between adjacent two passes so that the adjacent two passes generate heat distribution regions 2] The overlapping heat distribution regions 2Γ1 can be partially overlapped, and the overlapping heat distribution regions 211 are deep into the joint interface 22. Thereby, the materials in the overlapping heat distribution zone 21 can be more uniformly mixed with each other, effectively enhancing the joint strength of the joint interface 22. More specifically, if the central axis of one of the operations is L1, the central axis of the other operation is L2, and the two central axes LI, L2 have a spacing p between them, and the spacing p is smaller than the diameter d . Referring to Figures 5, 6 and 7, the heat distribution zone 21 reaches a semi-molten state of several hundred degrees Celsius and transmits heat conduction, so that the two metal plates 2A, 2B are unevenly thermally expanded and oxidized. The layer, especially the gap created after the deformation of the joint interface 22, is more susceptible to the formation of an oxidized thin layer due to the ingress of air. In view of the above, the present invention can further apply an anti-oxidation thin layer material 3A, 3B to the two metal plates 2A, 2B respectively during the lap welding, and the oxidation resistant thin layer material 3A, 3B can be selected easily with the second The metal plate 2A ' 2B produces the same material that is atomically bonded, such as: recording, recording alloy, drilling, drilling alloy, drilling, starting alloy, chin or titanium alloy. The coating method of the second oxidation resistant thin layer materials 3A, 3B may be selected by electroplating, electroless plating, hot plating, spraying or physical/chemical vapor deposition. Thereby, the bonding interface 22 can be made less likely to generate an oxidized thin layer, and the bonding strength of the two metal plates 2A, 2B can be effectively improved. The technical feature of the friction stir welding tool of the present invention is that: by the fusion stirrer head 12 having the radius of curvature R, in addition to the lifting, the heat is mixed with the heat in the distribution area 21; In addition to pushing the shape, it also has the effect of working along the mixing head 12 and the miscellaneous work, and the dazzle is long, and (4) Yan Yu', '丨本务明 has been revealed by the above preferred embodiment, It is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art is within the scope of the invention. The above embodiments are still protected by various changes and modifications. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is considered to be The scope of the patent application scope attached is attached. 201127528 [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the conventional friction stir welding process. Brother 2 Figure. The conventional friction is given out. Figure 3 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the welding process of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a multi-pass welding according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention (1). Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a multi-pass fusion of the preferred embodiment of the present invention (2). ^ FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a multi-pass fusion joint of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] [Invention] 1 Friction stir welding tool ηι joint surface 13 boundary side metal plate 211 overlap heat distribution area 11 cylinder 12 Pick-up head 2A metal plate 21 Heat distribution area 22 Joint interface Anti-oxidation thin layer material JB Anti-oxidation thin layer material [Authentic] 8 Friction stir welding tool 82 Probe 201127528
81 本體 83 肩部 9 A金屬板 9B 91 接合界面 92 金屬板 塑性區81 body 83 shoulder 9 A metal plate 9B 91 joint interface 92 metal plate plastic zone
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